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The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Vitaceae family is one of the world's most important economic fruit crops. It is consumed fresh and processed into various products such as wine, juice, and raisins; 71% of global grape production is used for wine, 27% for fresh fruits, and 2% for raisins (dried fruit). Grapevines have numerous nutritional and economic benefits; however, their production faces numerous challenges, one of which is the pathogen plant parasitic nematodes, which cause significant losses. The goal of the study was to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with five grapevine varieties at the Federal College of Horticulture in Dadin-Kowa Gombe State. A total of 150 soil samples were collected from five different varieties of grapevines (Bangalore blue, Muscadine, Pinotnoir, Pantara, and Jitawa) using soil augers at a depth of 0–25 cm. PPN were extracted using the whitehead and Hemming tray methods, and a pictorial key was used for PPN identification. A total of ten PPNs (Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus spp., Xiphinema spp., Scutellenema spp., Longidorus spp., Heterodera spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Trichodorus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., and Rotylenchus spp. M. incognita had the highest population density, frequency of occurrence (100%), and relative abundance (>20%) of the varieties studied. When compared to the other grapevine varieties sampled, the Shannon-H index revealed a high diversity of nematode species on Pinotnoir and Bangalore Blue. The evenness (eH/S) index indicated that there was no even distribution of PPN among the varieties studied, and Meloidogyne spp. were found to be dominant on some varieties. Similarly, species richness according to the Margalef index was very high among all five varieties. This is the first report of plant parasitic nematodes associated with grapevine in Gombe State. As such, there is a need for policy makers, researchers, and extension workers to give more attention to this farmer's hidden enemy in terms of control strategies and raising awareness among the farmers on its effects and how to effectively manage them.

Abstract Presently, Gulf Cooperation Council countries are lagging in the generation of real-world data and use of real-world evidence for patient-centered care compared with the global average. In a collaborative effort, experts from multiple domains of the healthcare environment from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries came together to present their views and recommended key action points for the generation of robust real-world data and leveraging real-world evidence in the countries. The opinions of the experts are presented, along with existing barriers to the effective generation of real-world evidence in the countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are undergoing transformative changes paving the way for improved healthcare measures; however, the challenges in generating reliable, robust, accessible, and secure real-world evidence are persistent. Hence, ongoing public–private engagements, as well as collaborations between regulators, policymakers, healthcare professionals, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, and patients, are warranted. A few notable examples of real-world evidence studies highlighting the benefits of real-world evidence for gaining valuable insights into patient-centric decision making are also discussed. The actionable steps identified for successful real-world evidence generation would provide long-term, real-world evidence-based patient-centric benefits for the countries.

The Covid 19 outbreak has taught businesses all over the world that they must have a business that can not only survive but also thrive in the face of the pandemic. The income from the Zakat, which is one of Islam's teachings about stable business, tends to rise despite the pandemic. As most Muslim countries on the planet, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have shown that their Zakat Organization, which is utilized to gather gifts from the public every year, expanded dramatically during the pandemic. The primary focus of this investigation will be the data on annual income from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, three of the world's most Muslim nations. The fact that some businesses will always be loyal to the government is the foundation of the statistical modeling theory that aims to predict the annual zakat income in five and ten years. Holt Winter's statistical modeling of two variables will be used to guarantee accurate forecasting. It accurately generates comparable annual data for the three nations. Likewise, that might act as a strong starting point for using measurable displaying to gauge the zakat gathered in the resulting five and a decade. The zakat revenue will continue to significantly rise in each nation as the study concludes. This result also indirectly demonstrated that businesses in every nation will be able to combine zakat as a blessing without experiencing deflation in Southeast Asia

المقدمة: فقر الدم هو أحد المضاعفات الشائعة عند مرضى التحال الدموي ويرتبط وجوده بانخفاض نوعية الحياة، كما أنه يزيد معدلات الوفيات، ويشكل علاجه عبئاً اقتصادياً. طرائق البحث: تم إجراء دراسة مستقبلية تضمنت 112 مريضاً من مرضى التحال الدموي في مستشفى تشرين الجامعي في اللاذقية، خلال الفترة الممتدة من شهر تشرين الأول 2021 حتى شهر آذار عام 2022. تم إعطاء الإريثروبويَتين لكل مريض لديه قيمة خضاب ≤11.5 غ /دل بجرعات بدئية 20-وحدة50/كغ*3 أسبوعياً ثم عدلت الجرعة لاحقاً حسب قيم الخضاب التي تم مراقبتها شهرياً على ألا تتجاوز 300وحدة /كغ أسبوعياً، كان نوع الإريثروبويَتين المستخدم هو ألفا وبيتا تحت الجلد. النتائج: بلغ عدد المرضى المستجيبين للعلاج 35 مريض، بمقارنة خصائص المرضى المستجيبين مع غير المستجيبين لاحظنا أنه لا فرق هام في الخصائص الديموغرافية أو سبب القصور الكلوي، كما أنّ URR% كانت أعلى بمقدار 5% بشكل هام إحصائياً ضمن مجموعة المستجيبين، وبالنسبة لقيم كل من الفيريتين والكالسيوم وال PTHكانت هامة إحصائياً بعد 6 أشهر، كما كان هناك علاقة وثيقة بين ارتفاع قيم الـ ERI وارتفاع قيم الـ PLR وعدم الاستجابة على العلاج. حصل نقص هام في الاعتماد على نقل الدم جميعهم من المرضى ذوي فقر الدم الشديد وصلنا للجرعة القصوى من الإريثروبويَتين عند 84 مريضاً من أصل 112، كان من بينهم 17مرضى فقط حققوا استجابة في نهاية الدراسة من المعالجين بالجرعة القصوى، في حين وصل 8مرضى للخضاب الهدف دون الوصول للجرعة القصوى من الإريثروبويَتين. الاستنتاجات: لعب كل من الفيريتين وال PTH وال Caوكفاية التحال دور في الاستجابة للإريثروبويَتين وكان هناك أهمية لمشعر مقاومة الإريثروبويَتين ERI ونسبة الصفيحات على اللمفاويات في التنبؤ بعدم الاستجابة بينما لم يزد رفع جرعة الإريثروبويَتين من فرص تحسن قيم الخضاب في دراستنا.

Environmental issues linked to climate change and global warming have been at the center stage of discussion all over the world. This is due to their magnitude and a broader scope of consequences. The catastrophic effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2, CO, water vapor, and ozone, coupled with other artificially induced chemicals like CFCs have shifted weather patterns across the globe, thereby threatening the environment unpleasantly. In Nigeria, the unprecedented utilization of fossil-based fuels as the main energy source for electricity, transportation, industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes is one of the contributory factors of climate change. As a result, air pollution, land spills by oil, and increasing heatwaves negatively impacted the ecosystem by intimidating the environment, counteracting biodiversity, decelerating the economy, and provoking human comfort while simultaneously antagonizing socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Recently, the abrupt seizure of rainfall in northern Nigeria left many farmlands burning while many other places where been wiped out by heavy flooding. These scenarios have heightened food shortage, economic hardship and rendered thousands homeless. Thus, the government needs to intensify the campaign for afforestation by planting many trees to support green conservation of biodiversity and unleash the huge potentials of renewable energy resources in the country, as the plausible options to remediate the lingering energy failure and ravaging effects of climate changes. Therefore, this short review of communications X-rayed some recent devasting incidences caused by climate change, its impacts on various sectors, and the need to explore renewable energy resources in the country.

الخلفية: تمَّ تحديدُ الأمراِض القلبيَّةِ الوعائية، هشاشة العظام، والاكتئاب من الأمراض المرافقةِ للدَّاءِ الرئوي الانسداد المزمن (COPD)، ولكن كانت هناك تقارير قليلة عن الدَّاءِ الكلوي المزمن (CKD) باعتباره مرضاً مرافقاً للدَّاءِ الرئوي الانسداد المزمن. الهدف: كان الهدفُ من هذه الدراسة هو التحقيقُ في انتشارِ CKD في مرضى الدَّاءِ الرئوي الانسداد المزمن باستخدام معدل الرَّشح الكبي المُقدَّر (eGFR) بناءً على الكرياتينين. المواد والطرق: تضمَّنت الدراسة الحالية 150 مريض COPD مستقر. تم تسجيلهم في الدراسة أثناء زيارات المتابعة إلى العيادة الخارجية في شعبة الأمراض الصدرية، مستشفى تشرين الجامعي من نيسان 2020 إلى نيسان 2021. تم تقدير eGFR وتصنيف المرضى وفقاً لوظيفةِ الكليةِ على أنهم يتمتعون بوظيفة كلوية طبيعية (eGFR ≥ 60 مل/دقيقة/1.73 م2)، أو داء كلوي مزمن (eGFR

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability in the US. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7), an endogenous peptide, acts at the G protein coupled MAS1 receptors (MASR) to inhibit inflammatory mediators and decrease reactive oxygen species within the CNS. Few studies have identified whether Ang-(1-7) decreases cognitive impairment following closed TBI. This study examined the therapeutic effect of Ang-(1-7) on secondary injury observed in a murine model of mild TBI (mTBI) in a closed skull, single injury model.Materials and methodsMale mice (n = 108) underwent a closed skull, controlled cortical impact injury. Two hours after injury, mice were administered either Ang-(1-7) (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 12), continuing through day 5 post-TBI, and tested for cognitive impairment on days 1–5 and 18. pTau, Tau, GFAP, and serum cytokines were measured at multiple time points. Animals were observed daily for cognition and motor coordination via novel object recognition. Brain sections were stained and evaluated for neuronal injury.ResultsAdministration of Ang-(1-7) daily for 5 days post-mTBI significantly increased cognitive function as compared to saline control-treated animals. Cortical and hippocampal structures showed less damage in the presence of Ang-(1-7), while Ang-(1-7) administration significantly changed the expression of pTau and GFAP in cortical and hippocampal regions as compared to control.DiscussionThese are among the first studies to demonstrate that sustained administration of Ang-(1-7) following a closed-skull, single impact mTBI significantly improves neurologic outcomes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic modality for the prevention of long-term CNS impairment following such injuries.

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد التظاهرات الجلدية عند مرضى القصور الكلوي المزمن الخاضعين للتحال الدموي، وعلاقتها مع كل من أسباب القصور الكلوي المزمن، مدة العلاج بالتحال الدموي وعمر المرضى. ضمت الدراسة 116 مريضاً خاضعين للتحال الدموي، أخذت المعلومات الديموغرافية والقصة السريرية وأجري فحص جلدي كامل واستقصاءات نوعية عند الضرورة مثل الخزعة الجلدية من الآفات. كان جفاف الجلد التظاهرة الأكثر حدوثاً، بينما كان جفاف المخاطية أشيع التبدلات المخاطية الفموية. أمّا أشيع أمراض الشعر المسجلة فكان تساقط شعر الفروة، كما كان غياب الهليل أشيع التبدلات الظفرية. لاحظنا وجود علاقة بين بعض هذه التظاهرات واسباب معينة للقصور الكلوي المزمن. كما وجدنا علاقة بين هذه التظاهرات وعمر المرضى، لكن لم نسجل علاقة مع مدة العلاج بالتحال الدموي. يترافق القصور الكلوي المزمن مع العديد من التظاهرات الجلدية الناتجة عن المرض أو عن العلاج.

مقدمة: قصور الغدة الدرقية هو أحد أشيع اضطرابات الغدد الصماء. تؤثر الهرمونات الدرقية على مستوى حمض البول. لقد تم التحري عن العلاقة بين مستوى حمض البول في المصل واضطرابات الوظيفة الدرقية في العديد من الدراسات والتي أظهرت نتائج متباينة. الهدف: تحديد تأثير قصور الغدة الدرقية على مستوى حمض البول في المصل. طرق ومواد الدراسة: تم إجراء دراسة حالة شاهد تضمّت 245 فرداً من مراجعي عيادة الغدد الصم والاستقلاب في مستشفى تشرين الجامعي في اللاذقية خلال عامي 2020– 2021 (167 مريض قصور درق و78 فرد سوي الوظيفة الدرقية). تم تقييم كلاً من TSH وFT4 و FT3 لتحديد مرضى قصور الدرق البدئي. كما تم تقييم UA وغيره من التحاليل اللازمة لكل الأفراد المشاركين بالدراسة. تم تعريف قصور الدرق اعتمادا على قيمة الـ TSH (TSH>4.31µlU/L) وصُنِّف إلى قصور درق سريري (صريح) في حال كانت (FT4

The versatility of cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) in transferring electrons to P450s from other closely related species has been extensively exploited, e.g., by using An. gambiae CPR (AgCPR), as a homologous surrogate, to validate the role of An. funestus P450s in insecticide resistance. However, genomic variation between the AgCPR and An. funestus CPR (AfCPR) suggests that the full metabolism spectrum of An. funestus P450s might be missed when using AgCPR. To test this hypothesis, we expressed AgCPR and AfCPR side-by-side with CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b and functionally validated their role in the detoxification of insecticides from five different classes. Major variations were observed within the FAD- and NADP-binding domains of AgCPR and AfCPR, e.g., the coordinates of the second FAD stacking residue AfCPR-Y456 differ from that of AgCPR-His456. While no significant differences were observed in the cytochrome c reductase activities, when co-expressed with their endogenous AfCPR, the P450s significantly metabolized higher amounts of permethrin and deltamethrin, with CYP6P9b-AfCPR membrane metabolizing α-cypermethrin as well. Only the CYP6P9a-AfCPR membrane significantly metabolized DDT (producing dicofol), bendiocarb, clothianidin, and chlorfenapyr (bioactivation into tralopyril). This demonstrates the broad substrate specificity of An. funestus CYP6P9a/-b, capturing their role in conferring cross-resistance towards unrelated insecticide classes, which can complicate resistance management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish relations between the sets of strongly Cesaro summable sequences of complex numbers for modulus functions f and g satisfying various conditions. Furthermore, for some special modulus functions, we obtain relations between the sets of strongly Cesaaro summable and statistically convergent sequences of complex numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Fenestration discectomy, for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation, is the most common surgical procedure in spine surgery. It can be done by open or microscopic procedures. This study compared the results of fenestration microdiscectomy with open fenestration discectomy in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation as a relation to the functional outcome, leg pain, back pain, hospital stay, returns to daily activity, cost, recurrence, reoperation and type of surgery for recurrent disc herniation. Methods 60 patients age (29 - 50 years), with L4-L5 disc herniation, are divided randomly into group A- 30 patients underwent an open fenestration discectomy- and group B- 30 patients underwent fenestration microdiscectomy. All patients are assessed at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after surgery for Oswestry disability index and Visual analogue scale for back pain and leg pain and followed up for 4 years. Results In both groups, all patients have minimal disability by Oswestry Disability Index after surgery. There were significant differences between means of post-operative Visual Analogue Scale for back pain between these two groups after 1 week (3.7 in group A versus 2.2 in group B) (t = 13.28, P =

Introduction: Handling the COVID-19 outbreak is one of the most novelties modern work is facing by many countries today. Massive outbreak needs countries efficacy and talent in creating new approaches. These approaches need to prevent the spread of the outbreak and increase the citizens' belief as the outbreak will damage the countries' functional capacity. Technical efficiency is used maximally to gain total control of the conditions. This study aims to measure the relative efficiency level of Southeast Asian countries in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic over one year. Methods: The relative efficiency level of the most successful countries in Southeast Asia in managing COVID-19 infection was determined using Frontier 4.1 through Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Excel software. The technical efficiency of the SFA model is defined as the ratio of observed output to maximum feasible production. If the country's technical efficiency (TE) is greater than 80%, it is the most effective in Southeast Asia at managing COVID-19 infection, but if it is less than 80% or close to 0, it is inefficient. Results: This research aims at the COVID-19 epidemic in a Southeast Asian country, where the country with the highest technical efficiency score is the most efficient and indicates the country's ability to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak without any complications. Laos was ranked first (TE = 0.99901), with a technical efficiency score that was higher than that of most other Southeast Asian countries. Singapore comes in second position with a technical efficiency score of 0.99882. Brunei is in third place for COVID-19, with a technical efficiency score of 0.99870. Cambodia is in last place, with a score of 0.84675 for technical efficiency. Conclusions: Laos is the highest technical efficiency score among the southeast Asian countries. Various things that can lead to inefficiency include lack of awareness about standard operating procedures (SOP) among the causes of COVID-19 case infection in the workplace, and the community continues to increase. This condition may also be due to the lack of medication or vaccines to cure COVID-19. All communities around the world are expected to adopt standard operating procedures (SOP) such as wearing face masks, hand sanitizers, and social distance to curb the increasingly violent spread of COVID-19.

Penetrating wounds from sea urchin spines are marine injuries that may cause morbidity in humans. Seasonal fishing for abalone in Dhofar is associated with an increase in the number of these injuries, as divers may strike their extremities, especially the dorsum of hands and fingers, on the rocks where Echinoderms and juvenile abalone (Haliotis mariae) are anchored. The immediate effect of injuries includes pain, edema, bleeding, erythema, and rarely systemic complications. There can be a delayed effect in the form of chronic granulomatous skin disease, which is a slow developing reaction to retained spine fragments in the wound that may take several months to develop. We report a case of sea urchin granulomas in a 45-year-old male who injured his hands by the spines of sea urchin while harvesting Haliotis mariae. Clinical manifestations, histological patterns, and treatment modalities are discussed here, to enhance the knowledge about these injuries and the available therapies.

الخلفيّة: لا تزال اختلاطات قثاطر التحال الدموي الموقتة تعتبر سبباً هاماً للمراضة والمواتة لدى مرضى القصور الكلوي المعالَجين بالتحال الدموي. الأهداف: كان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة استخدام وتقصّي معدلات حدوث اختلاطات القثاطر المؤقتة لدى مرضى التحال الدموي, بالإضافة لدراسة عوامل الخطر المؤهبة لحدوث هذه الاختلاطات. التصميم: كانت هذه الدراسة رقابيّة مستقبليّة لمدة سنة واحدة, وقد أُجريت في شعبة أمراض الكلية, وحدة التحال الدموي بمستشفى تشرين الجامعي خلال عام 2019. الطرائق: شملت هذه الدراسة 62 قثطرة مؤقتة عند 40 مريضاً ممن يخضعون للمعالجة بالتحال الدموي بواسطة القثطرة المؤقتة. تم غرس القثاطر المؤقتة تحت العقامة التامة وتم استخدام محلول الهيبارين لقفل كامل لمعة القثطرة, تمّ إجراء مراقبة دورية كل جلسة تحال, كما تمّ إجراء زرعٍ لقمة القثطرة وتحسّس جرثوميّ لتأكيد تشخيص الإنتان عند ازالتها بسبب الحرارة. النتائج: أزيلت النسبة الأكبر من القثاطر (50%) انتقائيا بسبب انتهاء الحاجة للمعالجة بالتحال الدموي وكان سوء وظيفة القثاطر هو الاختلاط الاشيع المؤدي لإزالة القثاطر (38,7%) تلاه إنتان الدم المتعلق بالقثطرة (11,3). شكّل سوء وظيفة القثاطر أشيع اختلاطات القثاطر المؤقتة (38,7%) حيث ارتبط حدوثه بموقع القثطرة ومدة بقائها واستخدام قثطرة سابقا في نفس الموقع ونوع القصور الكلوي, تلاه الترفع الحروري (27,4%) وارتبط حدوثه بمدة بقاء القثطرة ونوع القصور الكلوي. الاستنتاجات: إن اختلاطات القثاطر ليست بنادرة, وبعضها يمكن أن يتسبّب بإزالة القثطرة. لذلك من الضروري بذل المزيد من الجهود والعمل كفريق متعدد الاختصاصات بغية الحدّ من حدوث هذه الاختلاطات.

Fusobacterium are compulsory anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, long thin with pointed ends, it causes several illnesses to humans like pocket lesion gingivitis and periodontal disease; therefore our study is constructed on molecular identification and detection of the fadA gene which is responsible for bacterial biofilm formation. In this study, 10.2% Fusobacterium spp. were isolated from pocket lesion gingivitis. The isolates underwent identification depending on several tests under anaerobic conditions and biochemical reactions. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (IPM10) 42.7mm/disk, Ciprofloxacin (CIP10) 27.2mm/disk and Erythromycin (E15) 25mm/disk, respectively. 100% of Fusobacterium spp. isolates had 16S rDNA gene (360bp.), whereas two isolates had fadA gene (232bp.)

Molecular mechanisms driving the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria mosquitoes of Central Africa remain largely uncharacterized, hindering effective management strategies. Here, resistance intensity and the molecular mechanisms driving it were investigated in a population of Anopheles coluzzii from northern Cameroon. High levels of pyrethroid and organochloride resistance were observed in An. coluzzii population, with no mortality for 1× permethrin; only 11% and 33% mortalities for 5× and 10× permethrin diagnostic concentrations, and <2% mortalities for deltamethrin and DDT, respectively. Moderate bendiocarb resistance (88% mortality) and full susceptibility to malathion were observed. Synergist bioassays with piperonyl butoxide recovered permethrin susceptibility, with mortalities increasing to 53.39%, and 87.30% for 5× and 10× permethrin, respectively, implicating P450 monooxygenases. Synergist bioassays with diethyl maleate (DEM) recovered permethrin and DDT susceptibilities (mortalities increasing to 34.75% and 14.88%, respectively), implicating glutathione S‐transferases. RNA‐seq‐based genome‐wide transcriptional analyses supported by quantitative PCR identified glutathione S‐transferase, GSTe2 (RNA‐seqFC = 2.93 and qRT‐PCRFC = 8.4, p < 0.0043) and CYP450, CYP6Z2 (RNA‐seqFC = 2.39 and qRT‐PCRFC = 11.7, p < 0.0177) as the most overexpressed detoxification genes in the pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes, compared to mosquitoes of the susceptible Ngousso colony. Other overexpressed genes include P450s, CYP6M2 (FC = 1.68, p < 0.0114), CYP4G16 (FC = 2.02, p < 0.0005), and CYP4G17 (FC = 1.86, p < 0.0276). While high frequency of the 1014F kdr mutation (50%) and low frequencies of 1014S (6.61%) and 1575Y (10.29%) were observed, no ace‐1 mutation was detected in bendiocarb‐resistant populations, suggesting the preeminent role of metabolic mechanism. Overexpression of metabolic resistance genes (including GSTe2 and CYP6Z2 known to confer resistance to multiple insecticides) in An. coluzzii from the Sudan Savannah of Cameroon highlights the need for alternative management strategies to reduce malaria burden in northern Cameroon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]