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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition that affects the function of the ovaries and hormone production in women. It causes symptoms such as irregular menstruation, increased testosterone secretion, weight gain, excessive hair growth and insulin resistance. The causes are not completely known, but genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors play a role. Possible complications include increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. It is diagnosed through laboratory tests, such as examining hormones and white blood cells. Recently, studies are focusing on the level of nesfatin-1 protein in PCOS patients, and the results indicate that its levels differ between patients and healthy people, and it is considered a diagnostic tool that needs extensive study. This study aims: Evaluating the histological changes in the ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and some vital variables. Materials and working methods: 270 blood samples were collected, divided into two groups. The first group included 180 blood samples from women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and the second group included 90 blood samples from healthy women (control samples). The results between the two groups were carefully evaluated, including evaluating the levels of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone. As well as evaluating the level of nesfatin-1 and white blood cells between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women. Results: Our results showed a relatively high level of nesfatin-1 in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to healthy controls. The results showed statistically significant differences at the P≤0.05 level The levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone also showed an increase in affected patients, and it also showed that there was a significant difference at the p level ≥0.05. While the levels of estrogen (E2) and prolactin showed no significant differences at the level of P>0.05. Women with this syndrome had relatively high white blood cell counts compared to unaffected women. Conclusions: Our results indicate a decreased level of nesfatin-1, as nesfatin-1 is a metabolic regulatory protein. The results also showed an increase in both follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone and a slight increase in white blood cells, which leads to an imbalance in the regulation of hormones and the menstrual cycle and a threat to the reproductive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against diazinon (DZN)-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five groups with six animals in each group: Group 1 (G1) was maintained in typical control circumstances and given saline once daily intragastric (IG) for 4 weeks; G2 was administered 0.1 mL olive oil IG for 4 weeks; G3 was administered IG NAC 150 mg/kg daily as an aqueous solution for 4 weeks; G4 was administered IG diazinon at a dose of 15 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks; and G5 was administered IG NAC daily one hour before diazinon at the same dose in G3 and G4 for 4 weeks. Sub-chronic exposure to DZN impairs the kidney structure and function, as evidenced by the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression of NLRP3, NFκB, IKB, BCL2, BAX mRNA. Our findings showed that NAC reduces the renal dysfunctions induced by DZN by restoring urea and creatinine levels as well as oxidative indicators. Moreover, serum inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α) concentrations were ameliorated by NAC treatment. However, NAC has shown to play a beneficial role against nephrotoxicity by reversing the cytoarchitecture and downregulation of inflammatory (NLRP3, NFκB, IKB) and apoptotic (BAX) as well as upregulated BCL2 genes and proteins in kidney tissues, bringing them to near-normal levels. Moreover, IHC examination of renal tissue revealed the attenuation of expression of TNF-α. Therefore, NAC could be potentially used to protect the kidneys from pathological changes induced by DZN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most prevalent component of the volatile oil found in Nigella sativa seeds is thymoquinone (TQ). As well as being used as food supplements, the seeds and oil are also utilized in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether TQ could protect rats from acute nephrotoxicity caused by diazinon (DZN). Six equal groups of thirty six adult male Wistar rats were created at random. Group 1 (G1) was maintained in typical control circumstances and given saline daily intragastric (IG) for 4 weeks; G2 was administered 0.1 mL olive oil IG for 4 weeks; G3 was administered 0.1 mL DMSO IG for 4 weeks; G4 was administered IG TQ at a dose of 10 mg/kg B.W. daily for 4 weeks; G5 was administered IG DZN at a dose of 15 mg/kg B.W. daily for 4 weeks; G6 was administered TQ intragastric (IG) daily, one hour before DZN at the same dose as in G4 and G5, for 4 weeks. The findings showed that TQ reduces the renal dysfunctions brought on by DZN by restoring urea and creatinine levels as well as oxidative indicators. Although the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) was also elevated, overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) also enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in renal tissue. Also, TQ increased antiapoptotic (BCL2) factors and decrease proapoptotic (BAX) factors. In conclusion, TQ is helpful in the prevention and management of acute nephrotoxicity brought on by DZN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the molecular profiling and genetic diversity of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) and Sheep Pox Virus (SPV) in Egypt. The research involved isolating and characterizing the viruses, analyzing their DNA, and comparing their genetic sequences. The results revealed a close relationship between LSDV and SPV, indicating that the sheep pox vaccine may be effective in vaccinating cattle against LSDV. The study was conducted by the Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute in collaboration with Ain Shams University. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Cochlear implantation (CI) has been considered as the best treatment in patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids. The main value of endoscope-assisted cochlear implantation is improved visibility of the RW and reduced risk of complications, especially in patients with congenital malformations. Aim of the Work: The aim of the present study was to assess the value of endoscopic assisted CI surgery via facial recess approach without elevating tympanic anulus. Methods: This Prospective case series study non-randomized sample was performed on a total of 50 patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids undergoing unilateral endoscopic assisted cochlear implant surgery with round window electrode insertion at Ain Shams University hospitals from April 2020 till March 2022 and approved 94/2020MD by an ethical committee before the start of the recruitment. Results: 50 CI operations with endoscopic assistance were pro- spectively evaluated. There were 23 male (46%) and 27 female (54%) patients. The majority of the cases were children (41 cases, 82%). Of those 50 patients, 39 (78%) were prelingually hearing impaired. Four cases (8%) had various inner ear abnormalities. The standard mastoidectomy and Posterior Tympanotomy (PT) approach were used for all cases. Med-El (FLEX28TM; FLEX24TM Med-El, Innsbruck, Australia), Advanced Bionics (AB)Mid-Scala Electrode and CochlearTM (NUCLEUS'® CI422 WITH SLIM STRAIGHT, NUCLEUS® CI24RE CONTOUR ADVANCETM, Sydney, Australia) implants were used. Endoscope-assisted visualization of the RW region through the PT was performed in all cases Rigid endoscopes with 0o and 30o (1.9, 2.7 and 4mm in width, 11 and 6 cm in length) and an HD (high-definition) camera system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) were used for the endoscopic evaluation. The RW region was visualized and identified by inserting the endoscope through the PT without elevating the tympanic annulus. Then we switched to the microscope and drilled the RW niche (tegmen) using both hands until a circumferential view of the RW membrane is obtained. After proper exposure, the electrode was inserted through an opening in the RW membrane mostly under microscopical vision. Endoscopic identification of the RW through the PT enabled us to perform regular surgery in all cases. The current study concludes the difference between microscopic exposure and endoscopic exposure represented by Saint Tomas classification regarding round window exposure found that endoscopic exposure of round window classification is better represented by downgrading in the classification of round window exposure as type I 29(58%), type IIa 18(36%) type IIb 3 (6%) Non were type III by endoscopic exposure compared to microscopic exposure of round window is a type I 7(14%), type II 14(28%), type IIb 22(44%) and type III 7 (14%). Conclusion: As evident from the current study, Endoscopy proved a great value in exposure and identification of RW in CI surgery through posterior tympanotomy approach, especially in difficult cases. Endoscopic-assisted CI through facial recess could be easily done using 1.9mm 0-degree endoscopy even in cases e narrow PT or rotated cochlea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]