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Objective: The use of ethnobiology in treatment of many diseases especially in rural residents with limited access to medical technology, treatment and equipment is beneficial and necessary. Daucus carota (DC) root extract was used as pre-treatment in adult Wistar rats exposed to diclofenac sodium (DF) to investigate a protective effect on the histology of liver, kidney and duodenum. Materials and Method: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were used for this study and were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each, which included: Group A - Normal control; Group B – 50mg/kg DF control; Group C – 50mg/kg DC + 50mg/kg DF, Group D – 100mg/kg DC + 50mg/kg DF; and, Group E – 140mg/kg DC + 50mg/kg DC. Results and Discussion: The results showed a reduction in damage to the hepatocytes, maintenance of sinusoidal integrity and reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the hepatic parenchyma, In the kidney tissue, the extract preserved the glomerular capillary tuft, renal tubular epithelial cells, conserved Bowman’s space and lining epithelium of the capsule in a dose dependent manner. The intestinal mucosa in groups treated with higher doses of the extract were completely preserved and intact with minimal erosion of epithelial lining along with preservation of lamina propria and intestinal glands. Conclusion: Pre-administration of DC, preferably at concentrations of 100mg/kg and 140mg/kg reduced hepatotoxicity, renal tissue and mucosal layer damage in the duodenum following administration of DF. This preservation of tissues improved as concentration of the extract increased verifying that its efficiency was dose dependent.

Activated carbon (AC) is a versatile adsorbent that is used in the treatment of waste water, colour, odour removal and CO2 capture. Annogeissus leiocarpus is one of abundant agricultural precursor that can be used for the production of activated carbon. Characterization was done to investigate some proximate parameters. The modifications were made by soaking AC in 40% H2SO4 and 40% NaHCO3 for 24hours in the ration of 1:3 w/v. The FT-IR and SEM was conducted for surface functional group and morphology respectively. The result of this study revealed that the activated carbon produced possessed high yield, low Ash content, low Burnt off, low moisture content Average bulk density and large pore volume. The results from FT-IR analysis identified appearance and disappearance of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups which contributed in the creation of more adsorptive site for adsorption process. The results for SEM indicated the development of pores all over the surface of adsorbent with Acid modified activated carbon (AMAC/ H2SO4) having the highest pore distribution followed by Base Modified Activated Carbon (BMAC/NaHCO3) and finally ordinary (AC). The results suggest that the modification of AC using Acid and Base can significantly enhance the surface properties which improves adsorptive properties of the activated carbon produced and enhances it adsorption potentials for wastewater treatment.

One of the challenging tasks in database management system today is protecting sensitive data that are complex in the database system. Most organization opt for implementation of data encryption which is one of the most effective security control mechanism, but data encryption only render information unreadable to those that do not have the secret decryption key. The core issue with data encryption techniques is that, it is reversibly. In these regards, sensitive data need to be tokenized first before encrypting for better security. Therefore, this work is introducing tokenization technique. Tokenization means replacement or substitution of sensitive data with a token, as an additional technique on database system for protecting sensitive data in all higher institutions and other firms that deal with sensitive data. A database security framework using tokenization was design, implemented using NetBeans 8.1 IDE, Java Platform SE binary (jdk-8u91-windows-x64) and xampp-windows-x64-7.3.7-0-VC15 (Apache and MySQL), an official IDE for Java 8 and then encrypt the tokenized data using AES before storing it in server 127.0.0.1 a localhost phpMyAdmin Database tools and evaluated with other security systems (encoding, hashing and encryption) on student database. Results shows that tokenization technique has 95% capacity to protect sensitive data compare to other security systems.

Ochna kibbiensis (Family: Ochnaceae) has been employed in ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria and inflammation, among others. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize prophylactic antimalarial agents from the leaves of O. kibbiensis against Plasmodium berghei, in vivo and in silico. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract and its fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and butanol) was determined according to Lorke’s method while the antimalarial effect of the extract and its fractions was investigated according to the method described by Peters prophylactic test using Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK65). All the extract/fractions exhibited LD50 values ≥ 5000 mg/kg with the exception of the n-butanol fraction (1702.94 mg/kg), which indicate that the plant is non-toxic. Dichloromethane fraction exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent prophylactic effect with 47.62, 85.12, and 100.0% prophylaxis (at 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg), while the least effect was observed by the butanol fraction with a percentage prophylaxis of 64.29 and 76.19, respectively; the standard drug, pyrimethamine, had 95.24% prophylaxis. Based on the results obtained, dichloromethane fraction of O. kibbiensis was subjected to chromatographic purification, which led to the isolation of a mixture of two compounds identified as stigmasterol and β-sitosterol by analysis of the NMR spectral data and comparison with existing literature; the compounds exhibited good binding affinities (−5.129 and −4.889 kcal/mol) against pfLDH and a favorable ADMET profile. In conclusion, the leaves of O. kibbiensis have demonstrated a significant prophylactic antimalarial activity and the two known steroids (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction for the first time.

EPS is a major constituent of plastic waste. Reuse of waste EPS which is non-biodegradable, to useful products is a way of effective waste management. Oil is one of the most important energy sources but oil spill accidents often take place during the oil utilization process, resulting in threats to the environment. We reported the use of EPS waste to obtain an adsorbent material to cleanup crude oil spill from water. The effects of major factors such as sorption time, adsorbent surface areas, kind of surface (smooth or rough) and thermo-modification and mechanical modification (punching holes) were investigated on laboratory experiments and presented at ADIPEC 2014( Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference, 10-13 Nov., 2014, Session 52 Environment, SPE 172000-MS). The laboratory experiments carried out with about 0.9 g EPS sorbent for oil sorption times of 5 to 120 min at 350 g oil only and at 100 g oil over 500 mL water. The sorbent were punched with holes of 1.65 mm diameter. To verify the above laboratory experiments a field study for oil spill cleanup at crude oil pond from a rupture pipeline in Basrah was conducted. About 40 g EPS waste of small pieces (0.100-0.200 g) packed in 40x30 cm mesh net plastic bags. More than 40 bags were placed on the surface of a pond containing the spill crude oil over water. The pond was of about 6 meter diameter with oil layer of about 1.0 cm thickness. The bags were agitated manually after placing it on the oil surface to increase oil distribution to all EPS pieces. Oil sorption Capacity (OSC) of EPS in the field application increased with the increasing of the sorption times. The oil sorption was measured after 30 min sorption time and then every 15 min till 150 min. OSC of 43- 53 g oil/ g EPS sorbent for a sorption time of 30- 150 min respectively, were determined. The OSC are about 4 times the maximum OSC of the laboratory tests. The increasing in OSC of field application over laboratory tests due to utilization of all EPS 6 surfaces in place of one surface in laboratory tests, using lower density EPS and high density crude oil. The use of EPS waste in oil spill cleanup will reduce pollution in two ways, remediation of oil spill and reduce the landfill area due EPS waste

Natural agricultural products have the potential to be a substitute for synthetic polymers absorbentsin environmental remediation and spill cleanup and recovery. One of these natural by-productswhich is available in many regions of the world is Date Palm Fibers (DPF). DPF (also known assurface fibers) is a natural sorbent that exhibits good sorption characteristics. In an attempt tovalorize this abundant, low cost byproduct, we have investigated the micro porosity of this rawmaterial by carrying out two procedures. First, hydrothermal pyrolysis using a scalable reactor withonly water as solvent at high temperature (480 °C) under dry nitrogen atmosphere. Biochar yield wasfound varying from 30.5 to 33.6% (32%), with little bio-oil.Then the resultant biochar was physically activated with KOH and the mixture heated to 750oC(0.5oC/min) and kept at 750°C for 2 hours under Argon flow in a tubular furnace to produceactivated carbon. Second, the resulting biochar and activated carbons were then characterized byParticle Analyzer to measure their surface area, pore volume and pore diameter.For biochar, surface area : 1.1374 m²/g, pore volume 0.001883 cm³/g, pore diameter 1355.874 Å andfor activated biochar (activated carbon), surface area : 1220.2755 m²/g, pore volume: 0.062068cm³/g, pore diameter: 19.0116 Å were determined by particle characterization analyzer. ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was also used for other analysis .The oil sorption behavior of the raw DPF, biochar and activated biochar were examined with motoroil. The Oil Sorption Capacity (OSC) of raw DPF, biochar and activated biochar were tested with theoil as oil alone and an oil over water surface and the value calculated gravimetrically. The maximumOSC values of the sorbents were in the order of: DPF

Risperidone is a drug of choice in the management of psychosis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is regarded as the most sensitive and accurate method for quantitative analysis of risperidone, as well as other drugs having low plasma concentrations in biological fluids. A simple and accurate HPLC method was developed for the determination of risperidone in human plasma using the standard addition calibration technique to augment the weak signals due to low plasma concentrations of risperidone. Risperidone was eluted using isocratic mode with a mobile phase of methanol: acetonitrile (60:40) on a Chemisil ODS C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ particle size). The sample injection volume, flow rate, column temperature and wavelength of detection were set at 10 µl, 1.0 ml/min, 35 ˚C and 280 nm respectively. The run time for the method was 7 minutes, with risperidone having a retention time of 3.566 minutes. The method was linear within the concentration 10-50 ng/ml (R2= 0.998), with LOD and LOQ of 0.13 and 0.40 ng/ml respectively. The precision and relative error was 3.44 % and 3.38 % respectively. The developed method can be employed in the quantitative determination of risperidone in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies.

Sharīʿah-compliant muḍārabah, which is to pay money to someone who invests it and develops it for a portion of the profit, is one of the best means that Islamic banks and investment companies can use in order to invest their money, finance their clients, and raise capital without introducing new owners to own shares of the bank or company. It is also a means of achieving balance in financial liquidity between receivables and liabilities; however, muḍārabah investment or financing comes with multiple risks that make the executive management of banks and companies reluctant to deal with it. These risks are exemplified in the fear of capital loss, of inability to make a profit, and of the use of funds for purposes other than the investment. These risks should not remain a barrier that prevents its use in investment and financing in a manner that equals, or surpasses, other means of investment and financing. In this research we will examine the solutions proposed to reduce these risks; for example, a third party guarantee of capital or expected profit, and establishing provisions for investment risk and profit rate risk (profit stabilization). This research will be conducted according to three methodologies: inductive, comparative and analytical. The research has reached a number of results. These include that the correct view is the permissibility of renting an asset for a portion of what is produced from it. Also, it is imperative to find legitimate means to invest the compulsory reserve that is held by the Central Bank so that its owners are not deprived of its profits. Also, it is not permissible for the capital owner to require the muḍārib to make a certain minimal percentage of profit or a lump sum. Also, there is an urgent need to create a collective fund among Islamic banks and financial institutions to secure against the potential risks.