34 results on '"Ibingira C"'
Search Results
2. Prevalence of treated and untreated groin hernia in eastern Uganda
- Author
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Löfgren, J., Makumbi, F., Galiwango, E., Nordin, P., Ibingira, C., Forsberg, B. C., and Wladis, A.
- Published
- 2014
3. Anatomical variations of the sternal angle and anomalies of adult human sterna from the Galloway osteological collection at Makerere University Anatomy Department
- Author
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Kirum, G. G., primary, Munabi, I. G., additional, Kukiriza, J., additional, Tumusiime, G., additional, Kange, M., additional, Ibingira, C., additional, and Buwembo, W., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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4. Cost-effectiveness of groin hernia repair from a randomized clinical trial comparing commercial versus low-cost mesh in a low-income country
- Author
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Löfgren, Jenny, Matovu, A., Wladis, A., Ibingira, C., Nordin, Pär, Galiwango, E., Forsberg, B. C., Löfgren, Jenny, Matovu, A., Wladis, A., Ibingira, C., Nordin, Pär, Galiwango, E., and Forsberg, B. C.
- Abstract
BackgroundOver 200 million people worldwide live with groin hernia and 20 million are operated on each year. In resource-scarce settings, the superior surgical technique using a synthetic mesh is not affordable. A low-cost alternative is needed. The objective of this study was to calculate and compare costs and cost-effectiveness of inguinal hernia mesh repair using a low-cost versus a commercial mesh in a rural setting in Uganda. MethodsThis is a cost-effectiveness analysis of a double-blinded RCT comparing outcomes from groin hernia mesh repair using a low-cost mesh and a commercially available mesh. Cost-effectiveness was expressed in US dollars (with euros in parentheses, exchange rate 30 December 2016) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. ResultsThe cost difference resulting from the choice of mesh was $1247 (Euro1181). In the low-cost mesh group, the cost per DALY averted and QALY gained were $168 (Euro159) and $76 (Euro72) respectively. The corresponding costs were $582 (Euro551) and $333 (Euro315) in the commercial mesh group. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken including cost variations and different health outcome scenarios. The maximum costs per DALY averted and QALY gained were $1484 (Euro1405) and $847 (Euro802) respectively. ConclusionRepair using both meshes was highly cost-effective in the study setting. A potential cost reduction of over $120 (nearly Euro120) per operation with use of the low-cost mesh is important if the mesh technique is to be made available to the many millions of patients in countries with limited resources. Trial registration number: ISRCTN20596933 (). Mosquito mesh is cost-efficient
- Published
- 2017
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5. Sternal Anomalies with Supernumerary and Subnumerary Vertebrae and Ribs – Case Reports
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Ochieng, J and Ibingira, C B R
- Abstract
Background: Variations in the number of ribs and vertebrae have been noted in other wise normal looking people with some having supernumerary while others subnumerary. Sternal variations and anomalies though have not been as widely documented. These are two cases with one having a combination of sternal anomalies, supernumerary thoracic vertebrae and ribs and subnumerary lumbar vertebrae while the other had subnumerary thoracic vertebrae and ribs.Findings: Case 1: A 38year old female who had eleven thoracic vertebrae and corresponding pairs of ribs, nine pairs attached and two floating. The other skeletal components were normal. Case 2: Adult male had 13 thoracic vertebrae and thirteen corresponding pairs of ribs. Ten pairs of ribs attached to the cage and three floating. There were four lumber vertebrae. The manubrium of the sternum was much longer, ended at the third coastal cartilage attachment and there was an oval defect in the body of the sternum at the level of 5th costal cartilage. The rest of the skeleton was normal.Conclusions: Osteological variations in the rib cage and vertebrae are clinically important because they can mislead an unsuspecting clinician during diagnostic and therapeutic lumbar punctures, counting of ribs during heart examinations, drainage of the thorax and the 12th rib is important in citing of the incision for nephrectomy and other medical procedures. Radiological diagnosis, Forensic and medical legal pathological identifications need to put into consideration such variations.
- Published
- 2016
6. Gross Anatomical Variations and Congenital Anomalies of Surgical Importance in Hepatobiliary Surgery in Uganda
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Ibingira, C B R
- Abstract
Background: It is important for surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery. This study was aimed at determining the gross anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the external hepatobilliary system in Ugandan cadavers and to describe the nature and contents of the gallbladder among cadavers of Ugandans.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at the Department of Anatomy Dissection Laboratory at Makerere University Medical School in Kampala, Uganda. The study involved all cadavers dissected in a period of 8 years, from October, 1997 to June 2005, 21 each year, totaling 168 cadavers.Results: A wide range of Anatomical variations of surgical importance were noted among the Ugandan cadavers. In 5% of the cases, the common hepatic artery originated from the superior Mesenteric artery. The course of the cystic artery in 61.9% of the cases was anterior to the right hepatic duct, in 31% it passed anterior to the right hepatic duct, in 8% it lied posterior to the common bile duct, and in 25% of cases, there were more than 2 cystic arteries. In 56% the common hepatic artery branched some 2 – 4cm away from the porta hepatis, 4% branched within the substance of the liver, 19% at the level of porta hepatis while in 5% it branched at the level of right gastric artery. The cystic duct branched off from the common Hepatic duct in 95% of specimens while in 5% originated from the right hepatic duct. Joining of the common hepatic duct contributed to low branching accounting for 67% while 19% had high branching level from the duodenum. The length of the common bile duct ranged from 2.5cm to 12cm, the mode being 4cm and the average 5.1cm. In 4% of the cadavers there were multiple stones with the gallbladder being adherent to neighbouring viscera.Conclusion: The results show that within the Ugandan population, there are marked variations of surgical importance in the gross anatomic features of the hepatobiliary system, which need to be considered to in order to avoid errors during gallbladder or extra hepatic biliary surgery.
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- 2016
7. Cost-effectiveness of groin hernia repair from a randomized clinical trial comparing commercial versus low-cost mesh in a low-income country
- Author
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Löfgren, J, primary, Matovu, A, additional, Wladis, A, additional, Ibingira, C, additional, Nordin, P, additional, Galiwango, E, additional, and Forsberg, B C, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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8. Course of the Sciatic Nerve: a review of cases seen at Mulago Hospital, Kampala - Uganda
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Kukiriza, J, Ibingira, C, and Ochieng, J
- Abstract
No Abstract
- Published
- 2015
9. Experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetic research among people living with HIV: a qualitative study
- Author
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Nabukenya Sylvia, Ochieng Joseph, Kaawa-Mafigiri David, Munabi Ian, Nakigudde Janet, Nakwagala Frederick Nelson, Barugahare John, Kwagala Betty, Ibingira Charles, Twimwijukye Adelline, Sewankambo Nelson, and Mwaka Erisa Sabakaki
- Subjects
Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
This study aimed to explore experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetics research and to identify the approaches used for enhancing understanding during the consenting process. Data collection involved 15 qualitative, in-depth interviews with key researchers who were involved in obtaining informed consent from HIV infected individuals in Uganda for participation in pharmacogenetic clinical trials. The study explored two prominent themes: approaches used to convey information and enhance research participants’ understanding and challenges faced during the consenting process. Several barriers and facilitators for obtaining consent were identified. Innovative and potentially effective consenting strategies were identified in this study that should be studied and independently verified.
- Published
- 2022
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10. Prevalence of treated and untreated groin hernia in eastern Uganda
- Author
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Löfgren, Jenny, Makumbi, F., Galiwango, E., Nordin, Pär, Ibingira, C., Forsberg, B. C., Wladis, A., Löfgren, Jenny, Makumbi, F., Galiwango, E., Nordin, Pär, Ibingira, C., Forsberg, B. C., and Wladis, A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hernia repair is the most commonly performed general surgical procedure worldwide. The prevalence is poorly described in many areas, and access to surgery may not be met in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of groin hernia and the surgical repair rate in a defined sub-Saharan region of Africa. METHODS: A two-part study on hernia prevalence was carried out in eastern Uganda. The first was a population-based prevalence study with 900 randomly selected men in a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. The second was a prospective facility-based study of all surgical procedures performed in the two hospitals providing surgical care in the region. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of groin hernia (current hernia or scar after groin hernia surgery) in men was 9·4 per cent. Less than one-third of men with a hernia had been operated on. More than half had no pain symptoms. The youngest age group had an overall prevalence of 2·4 per cent, which increased to 7·9 per cent in the age range 35-54 years, and to 37 per cent among those aged 55 years and above. The groin hernia surgery rate at the hospitals investigated was 17 per 100 000 population per year, which corresponds to a surgical correction rate of less than 1 per cent per year. Based on hospital records, a considerable number of patients having surgery for groin hernia were women (20 of 84 patients, 24 per cent). CONCLUSION: Groin hernia is a common condition in men in this east Ugandan cohort and the annual surgical correction rate is low. Investment is needed to increase surgical capacity in this healthcare system.
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- 2014
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11. Chronic osteomyelitis in a Ugandan rural setting
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Ibingira, C., primary
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- 2004
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12. Automated Validation of Capillary Refill Time Measurements Using Photo-Plethysmogram from a Portable Device for Effective Triage in Children.
- Author
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Karlen, W., Pickard, A., Daniels, J., Kwizera, A., Ibingira, C., Dumont, G., and Ansermino, J.M.
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- 2011
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13. Management of the cancer of the stomach in Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda
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Ibingira, C. B. R., primary
- Published
- 2001
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14. Prevalence, Nature and Characteristics of External Congenital anomalies at Mulago Hospital.
- Author
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Ochieng, J., Kiryowa, H., Munabi, I., and Ibingira, C. B. R.
- Subjects
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MEDICAL research , *GENETIC disorders , *JUVENILE diseases , *INTERSEX people , *CENTRAL nervous system , *DISEASES of the anatomical extremities - Abstract
Background: Congenital anomalies may be structural, behavioral, functional or metabolic defects acquired before a baby is born and their nature and type are highly dependent on the causative agent as well as the time when they are first diagnosed. There was a need to identify the different defects present at birth among Ugandans in order to appreciate the magnitude of each and its eventual effect on the affected individual. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, nature and characteristics of external congenital anomalies in live born babies at Mulago hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at New Mulago hospital, Kampala Uganda. It involved 754 new born babies who were delivered over a period of four months. They were all examined and evaluated for external anomalies before discharge. Results: A total of 754 live born infants were evaluated for external anomalies during the study; 52.8% were males and 47.0% were females while 0.2% was hermaphrodite. Of the 754 babies, 33 had external congenital anomalies although two of these babies had two anomalies each, making a total of 35 anomalies. The percentage of babies with external congenital anomalies was 4.4. The different anomalies found included those involving limbs (45.7%), Cleft lip and palate (14.2%), Central Nervous System (8.5%), Omphalocele (5.8%), Spina bifida (5.8%) and others (20.0%). Many of these anomalies were a cause of moderate to severe disability. Conclusions/Recommendations: The most common external anomalies were limb defects followed by cranio-facial anomalies both of which constituted more than 68% of all cases. If not well managed, majority of these anomalies can greatly affect the quality of life of the individual. Hence need for appropriate and timely care to reduce on the magnitude of suffering the anomaly would otherwise have caused to the individual, family and the wider community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
15. Levels of Bifurcation of the Sciatic Nerve among Ugandans at School of Biomedical Sciences Makerere and Mulago Hospital Uganda.
- Author
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Kukiriza, J., Kiryowa, H., Turyabahika, J., Ochieng, J., and Ibingira, C. B. R.
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SCIATIC nerve , *SPINAL nerves , *PERONEAL nerve , *BUTTOCKS , *INTRAOPERATIVE awareness , *POPLITEAL artery , *ANATOMY - Abstract
Background: The sciatic nerve is derived from the lumbo-sacral plexus, It is the thickest nerve in the whole body, it exits the gluteal region through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, it is the main innervator of the posterior thigh, the leg and foot, it usually ends halfway down the back of the thigh by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and these terminal branches supply the leg and foot. The position of division of this nerve varies, it may occur within the pelvis, gluteal region, upper and ,mid thigh, and distal thigh ,Its injury if it involves the whole nerve, may lead to loss of sensation, in posterior thigh, whole leg and foot, with loss of function of all muscles in posterior thigh, whole leg and the foot. And this results into failure to dorsiflex the foot a condition referred to as foot drop. The level of bifurcation of the sciatic nerve above the transverse popliteal crease is useful during sciatic nerve block, hence the need for healthcare workers to have adequate appreciation of the applied anatomy of the nerve. The main objective of the study was to determine the level of bifurcation of the sciatic nerve above the transverse popliteal crease among Ugandans at Mulago Hospital Complex. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical sciences, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital mortuary. Eighty adult cadavers were dissected in the gluteal region and posterior thigh to establish the level of bifurcation of the sciatic nerve above the transverse popliteal crease, and the distance from the crease was measured in cm using a caliper calibrated in millimeters. Results: Eighty left lower limbs of 56 male and 24 female adult cadavers were dissected to expose the sciatic nerve one side of the body was dissected to control for left to right variations, however in another study, the variations on two sides would be compared.., The heights of the cadavers ranged from 145 to 182 cm with a mean of 162.8 cm. The nerves bifurcated in the gluteal region and posterior thigh in 62 cadavers (77.5%) and 18 in the pelvis (22.5%). Of the 62 nerves that bifurcated higher in the pelvis, the level of bifurcation ranged between 3.8 and 32.5 cm but most of the bifurcations occurred between 3.8 and 12 cm above transverse popliteal crease. In four of the nerves that exited the gluteal region after bifurcation, the nerves reunited before the final bifurcation occurred in the thigh. Conclusions: The Bifurcation of the sciatic nerve occurs at variable distances from the transverse popliteal crease and appreciation of these variations is essential. More than 22% of all nerves leave the pelvis as two separate nerves and therefore the sciatic nerve trunk cannot be wholly traced or used for anesthetic block in the gluteal region or thigh for procedures in the leg and foot. Only 62 individuals (77.5%) had sciatic nerves in the gluteal region and thigh, and within this group, the vertical distance of bifurcation ranged between 3.8 and 32.5 cm transverse popliteal crease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
16. A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Attitudes About Organ Donation and Transplantation in an Urban Population in a Low-Income Country.
- Author
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Kituuka O, Ocan M, Mbiine R, Tayebwa M, Ibingira C, and Wayengera M
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Urban Population, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Uganda, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medical Tourism, Tissue and Organ Procurement, Organ Transplantation
- Abstract
Background: Uganda's Health Sector Development Plan (2015/16 through 2019/2020) noted that most referrals for treatment abroad were for organ transplant services that cost the government >5.6 million USD. The government of Uganda has invested in building the capacity for organ donation and transplantation services by training human resources personnel and setting up infrastructure in Kampala, where these services can be accessed. However, there is no information on the readiness of communities and the scientific community to embrace (communities) or undertake (science) organ transplantation in the country. We set out to assess knowledge and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation among the urban population in Kampala., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 395 participants from the urban population of Kampala at Garden City Mall, Wandegeya market, and Nakawa market from 28 May through 7 June 2021. We asked about knowledge of organ donation and transplantation, collected sociodemographic data, and performed a sentiment analysis of participants' attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation., Results: The M:F ratio of participants was 1:1; the majority (55.9%) of participants were Baganda, two-thirds of participants knew about organ donation, and 90% of participants did not know of any government policy on organ donation and transplantation. Radio/television was the most common source of information, and the kidney was the most frequently transplanted organ. Overall, there were 94.3% and 93.2% positive sentiments toward organ transplantation and organ donation, respectively. The need for stricter laws governing organ donation and transplantation, corruption, and fear were the main negative sentiments expressed by participants., Conclusions: Sensitization of the community is required regarding government policy on organ donation and transplantation, and this should be communicated through radio/television and social media. There was a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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17. A di-electrophoretic simulation procedure of iron-oxide micro-particle drug attachment system for leukemia treatment using COMSOL software: a potential treatment reference for LMICs.
- Author
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Kiwumulo HF, Muwonge H, Ibingira C, Lubwama M, Kirabira JB, and Ssekitoleko RT
- Abstract
Background: Leukemia encompasses various subtypes, each with unique characteristics and treatment approaches. The challenge lies in developing targeted therapies that can effectively address the specific genetic mutations or abnormalities associated with each subtype. Some leukemia cases may become resistant to existing treatments over time making them less susceptible to chemotherapy or other standard therapies., Objective: Developing new treatment strategies to overcome resistance is an ongoing challenge particularly in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Computational studies using COMSOL software could provide an economical, fast and resourceful approach to the treatment of complicated cancers like leukemia., Methods: Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, a continuous flow microfluidic device capable of delivering anti-leukemia drugs to early-stage leukemia cells has been computationally modeled using dielectrophoresis (DEP)., Results: The cell size difference enabled the micro-particle drug attachment to the leukemia cells using hydrodynamic focusing from the dielectrophoretic force. This point of care application produced a low voltage from numerically calculated electrical field and flow speed simulations., Conclusion: Therefore, such a dielectrophoretic low voltage application model can be used as a computational treatment reference for early-stage leukemia cells with an approximate size of 5 μm., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Kiwumulo, Muwonge, Ibingira, Lubwama, Kirabira and Ssekitoleko.)
- Published
- 2023
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18. Retrospective in silico mutation profiling of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins circulating in Uganda by July 2021: Towards refinement of COVID-19 disease vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
- Author
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Odongo S, Okella H, Ndekezi C, Okee M, Namayanja M, Mujuni B, Sterckx YGJ, Kizito D, Radwanska M, Magez S, Ikwap K, Mwiine FN, Lutwama JJ, and Ibingira C
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Uganda epidemiology, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus genetics, Mutation, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the agent of COVID-19, caused unprecedented loss of lives and economic decline worldwide. Although the introduction of public health measures, vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics disrupted the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, the emergence of variants poses substantial threat. This study traced SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Uganda by July 2021 to inform the necessity for refinement of the intervention medical products. A comprehensive in silico analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes detected in clinical samples collected from COVID-19 patients in Uganda revealed occurrence of structural protein variants with potential of escaping detection, resisting antibody therapy, or increased infectivity. The genome sequence dataset was retrieved from the GISAID database and the open reading frame encoding the spike, envelope, membrane, or nucleocapsid proteins was translated. The obtained protein sequences were aligned and inspected for existence of variants. The variant positions on each of the four alignment sets were mapped on predicted epitopes as well as the 3D structures. Additionally, sequences within each of the sets were clustered by family. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess relationship between the encountered spike protein sequences and Wuhan-Hu-1 wild-type, or the Alpha, Beta, Delta and Gamma variants of concern. Strikingly, the frequency of each of the spike protein point mutations F157L/Del, D614G and P681H/R was over 50%. The furin and the transmembrane serine protease 2 cleavage sites were unaffected by mutation. Whereas the Delta dominated the spike sequences (16.5%, 91/550), Gamma was not detected. The envelope protein was the most conserved with 96.3% (525/545) sequences being wild-type followed by membrane at 68.4% (397/580). Although the nucleocapsid protein sequences varied, the variant residue positions were less concentrated at the RNA binding domains. The dominant nucleocapsid sequence variant was S202N (34.5%, 205/595). These findings offer baseline information required for refining the existing COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2022 Odongo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2022
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19. Acceptability and feasibility of inter-related activities to improve agency among African district health managers: A four-country study.
- Author
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Fonn S, Ray S, Couper I, Ezeh A, Omigbodun A, Morhason-Bello I, Ng'wena G, Oyungu E, Muchiri L, Tumwine J, Ibingira C, Conco D, and Blaauw D
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Kenya, Nigeria, Leadership
- Abstract
District health managers (DHMs) lead and manage Ministry of Health programmes and system performance. We report on the acceptability and feasibility of inter-related activities to increase the agency of DHMs in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda using a cross-sectional rapid appraisal with 372 DHMs employing structured questionnaires. We found differences and similarities between the countries, in particular, who becomes a DHM. The opportunity to provide leadership and effect change and being part of a team were reported as rewarding aspects of DHMs' work. Demotivating factors included limited resources, bureaucracy, staff shortages, lack of support from leadership and inadequate delegation of authority. District managers ranked the acceptability of the inter-related activities similarly despite differences between contexts. Activities highly ranked by DHMs were to employ someone to support primary care staff to compile and analyse district-level data; to undertake study tours to well-functioning districts; and joining an African Regional DHM Association. DHMs rated these activities as feasible to implement. This study confirms that DHMs are in support of a process to promote bottom-up, data-driven, context-specific actions that can promote self-actualisation, recognises the roles DHMs play, provides opportunities for peer learning and can potentially improve quality of care.
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- 2022
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20. Global health education in high-income countries: confronting coloniality and power asymmetry.
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Sayegh H, Harden C, Khan H, Pai M, Eichbaum QG, Ibingira C, and Goba G
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- Developed Countries, Health Education, Humans, Income, Curriculum, Global Health
- Abstract
Contemporary global health education is overwhelmingly skewed towards high-income countries (HICs). HIC-based global health curricula largely ignore colonial origins of global health to the detriment of all stakeholders, including trainees and affected community members of low- and middle-income countries. Using the Consortium of Universities for Global Health's Global Health Education Competencies Tool-Kit , we analyse the current structure and content of global health curricula in HICs. We identify two major areas in global health education that demand attention: (1) the use of a competency-based education framework and (2) the shortcomings of curricular content. We propose actionable changes that challenge current power asymmetries in global health education., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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21. Green synthesis and characterization of iron-oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera: a potential protocol for use in low and middle income countries.
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Kiwumulo HF, Muwonge H, Ibingira C, Lubwama M, Kirabira JB, and Ssekitoleko RT
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- Developing Countries, Ferric Compounds, Green Chemistry Technology, Iron, Oxides, Plant Extracts chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, X-Ray Diffraction, Moringa oleifera chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry
- Abstract
Objective: Green synthesized iron(III) oxide (Fe
3 O4 ) nanoparticles are gaining appeal in targeted drug delivery systems because of their low cost, fast processing and nontoxicity. However, there is no known research work undertaken in the production of green synthesized nano-particles from the Ugandan grown Moringa Oleifera (MO). This study aims at exploring and developing an optimized protocol aimed at producing such nanoparticles from the Ugandan grown Moringa., Results: While reducing ferric chloride solution with Moringa oleifera leaves, Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 -NPs) were synthesized through an economical and completely green biosynthetic method. The structural properties of these Fe3 O4 -NPs were investigated by Ultra Violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These nanoparticles exhibited UV-visible absorption peaks at 225 nm (nm) for the sixth dilution and 228 nm for the fifth dilution which indicated that the nanoparticles were photosensitive and the SEM study confirmed the spherical nature of these nanoparticles. The total synthesis time was approximately 5 h after drying the moringa leaves, and the average particle size was approximately 16 nm. Such synthesized nanoparticles can potentially be useful for drug delivery, especially in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs)., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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22. Preventing Multimorbidity with Lifestyle Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Challenge for Public Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries.
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Alkhatib A, Nnyanzi LA, Mujuni B, Amanya G, and Ibingira C
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- Female, Humans, Income, Life Style, Public Health, Developing Countries, Multimorbidity
- Abstract
Objectives: Low and Middle-Income Countries are experiencing a fast-paced epidemiological rise in clusters of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, forming an imminent rise in multimorbidity. However, preventing multimorbidity has received little attention in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan African Countries., Methods: Narrative review which scoped the most recent evidence in LMICs about multimorbidity determinants and appropriated them for potential multimorbidity prevention strategies., Results: MMD in LMICs is affected by several determinants including increased age, female sex, environment, lower socio-economic status, obesity, and lifestyle behaviours, especially poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. Multimorbidity public health interventions in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa are currently impeded by local and regional economic disparity, underdeveloped healthcare systems, and concurrent prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle interventions that are targeted towards preventing highly prevalent multimorbidity clusters, especially hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, can provide early prevention of multimorbidity, especially within Sub-Saharan African countries with emerging economies and socio-economic disparity., Conclusion: Future public health initiatives should consider targeted lifestyle interventions and appropriate policies and guidelines in preventing multimorbidity in LMICs.
- Published
- 2021
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23. A systematic review of modeling and simulation approaches in designing targeted treatment technologies for Leukemia Cancer in low and middle income countries.
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Kiwumulo HF, Muwonge H, Ibingira C, Kirabira JB, and Ssekitoleko RT
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- Humans, Developing Countries, Leukemia therapy
- Abstract
Virtual experimentation is a widely used approach for predicting systems behaviour especially in situations where resources for physical experiments are very limited. For example, targeted treatment inside the human body is particularly challenging, and as such, modeling and simulation is utilised to aid planning before a specific treatment is administered. In such approaches, precise treatment, as it is the case in radiotherapy, is used to administer a maximum dose to the infected regions while minimizing the effect on normal tissue. Complicated cancers such as leukemia present even greater challenges due to their presentation in liquid form and not being localised in one area. As such, science has led to the development of targeted drug delivery, where the infected cells can be specifically targeted anywhere in the body. Despite the great prospects and advances of these modeling and simulation tools in the design and delivery of targeted drugs, their use by Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) researchers and clinicians is still very limited. This paper therefore reviews the modeling and simulation approaches for leukemia treatment using nanoparticles as an example for virtual experimentation. A systematic review from various databases was carried out for studies that involved cancer treatment approaches through modeling and simulation with emphasis to data collected from LMICs. Results indicated that whereas there is an increasing trend in the use of modeling and simulation approaches, their uptake in LMICs is still limited. According to the review data collected, there is a clear need to employ these tools as key approaches for the planning of targeted drug treatment approaches.
- Published
- 2021
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24. A health care professionals training needs assessment for oncology in Uganda.
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Byamugisha J, Munabi IG, Mubuuke AG, Mwaka AD, Kagawa M, Okullo I, Niyonzima N, Lusiba P, Ainembabazi P, Kankunda C, Muhumuza DD, Orem J, Atwine D, and Ibingira C
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Uganda, Delivery of Health Care, Health Personnel, Needs Assessment
- Abstract
Background: Cancer incidence and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing and do account for significant premature death. The expertise of health care providers is critical to downstaging cancer at diagnosis and improving survival in low- and middle-income countries. We set out to determine the training needs of health care providers for a comprehensive oncology services package in selected hospitals in Uganda, in order to inform capacity development intervention to improve cancer outcomes in the East African region., Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using the WHO Hennessey-Hicks questionnaire to identify the training needs of health workers involved in cancer care, across 22 hospitals in Uganda. Data were captured in real time using the Open Data Kit platform from which the data was exported to Stata version 15 for analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Somers-Delta., Results: There were 199 respondent health professionals who were predominately female (146/199, 73.37%), with an average age of 38.97 years. There were 158/199 (79.40%) nurses, 24/199 (12.06%) medical doctors and 17/199 (8.54%) allied health professionals. Overall, the research and audit domain had the highest ranking for all the health workers (Somers-D = 0.60). The respondent's level of education had a significant effect on the observed ranking (P value = 0.03). Most of the continuing medical education (CME) topics suggested by the participants were in the clinical task-related category., Conclusion: The "research and audit" domain was identified as the priority area for training interventions to improve oncology services in Uganda. There are opportunities for addressing the identified training needs with an expanded cancer CME programme content, peer support networks and tailored training for the individual health care provider.
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- 2020
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25. Integration of traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curricula: a survey among medical students in Makerere University, Uganda.
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Mwaka AD, Tusabe G, Garimoi CO, Vohra S, and Ibingira C
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uganda, Young Adult, Attitude, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Medicine, Traditional, Students statistics & numerical data, Universities
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the disposition and sociodemographic characteristics of medical students associated with inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine in medical school curricula in Uganda., Design: A cross-sectional study conducted during May 2017. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Disposition to include principles of traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curricula was determined as proportion and associated factors determined through multivariate logistic regression., Participants and Setting: Medical students in their second to fifth years at the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda. Makerere University is the oldest public university in the East African region., Results: 393 of 395 participants responded. About 60% (192/325) of participants recommended inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine principles into medical school curricula in Uganda. The disposition to include traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curricula was not associated with sex, age group or region of origin of the students. However, compared with the second year students, the third (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66) and fifth (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.93) year students were significantly less likely to recommend inclusion of traditional and complementary medicine into the medical school curricula. Participants who hold positive attributes and believe in effectiveness of traditional and complementary medicine were statistically significantly more likely to recommend inclusion into the medical school curricula in Uganda., Conclusions: Inclusion of principles of traditional and complementary medicine into medical school curricula to increase knowledge, inform practice and research, and moderate attitudes of physicians towards traditional medicine practice is acceptable by medical students at Makerere University. These findings can inform review of medical schools' curricula in Uganda., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
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26. Curriculum and training needs of mid-level health workers in Africa: a situational review from Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda.
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Couper I, Ray S, Blaauw D, Ng'wena G, Muchiri L, Oyungu E, Omigbodun A, Morhason-Bello I, Ibingira C, Tumwine J, Conco D, and Fonn S
- Subjects
- Health Facilities, Health Resources statistics & numerical data, Health Services, Health Status, Health Workforce statistics & numerical data, Humans, Inservice Training statistics & numerical data, Kenya, Needs Assessment, Nigeria, Physicians, Quality of Health Care, Rural Health, South Africa, Uganda, Urban Health, Curriculum, Health Personnel education
- Abstract
Background: Africa's health systems rely on services provided by mid-level health workers (MLWs). Investment in their training is worthwhile since they are more likely to be retained in underserved areas, require shorter training courses and are less dependent on technology and investigations in their clinical practice than physicians. Their training programs and curricula need up-dating to be relevant to their practice and to reflect advances in health professional education. This study was conducted to review the training and curricula of MLWs in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda, to ascertain areas for improvement., Methods: Key informants from professional associations, regulatory bodies, training institutions, labour organisations and government ministries were interviewed in each country. Policy documents and training curricula were reviewed for relevant content. Feedback was provided through stakeholder and participant meetings and comments recorded. 421 District managers and 975 MLWs from urban and rural government district health facilities completed self-administered questionnaires regarding MLW training and performance., Results: Qualitative data indicated commonalities in scope of practice and in training programs across the four countries, with a focus on basic diagnosis and medical treatment. Older programs tended to be more didactic in their training approach and were often lacking in resources. Significant concerns regarding skills gaps and quality of training were raised. Nevertheless, quantitative data showed that most MLWs felt their basic training was adequate for the work they do. MLWs and district managers indicated that training methods needed updating with additional skills offered. MLWs wanted their training to include more problem-solving approaches and practical procedures that could be life-saving., Conclusions: MLWs are essential frontline workers in health services, not just a stop-gap. In Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda, their important role is appreciated by health service managers. At the same time, significant deficiencies in training program content and educational methodologies exist in these countries, whereas programs in South Africa appear to have benefited from their more recent origin. Improvements to training and curricula, based on international educational developments as well as the local burden of disease, will enable them to function with greater effectiveness and contribute to better quality care and outcomes.
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- 2018
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27. A Randomized Trial of Low-Cost Mesh in Groin Hernia Repair.
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Löfgren J, Nordin P, Ibingira C, Matovu A, Galiwango E, and Wladis A
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- Adult, Developing Countries, Double-Blind Method, Follow-Up Studies, Herniorrhaphy economics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Recurrence, Uganda, Hernia, Inguinal surgery, Herniorrhaphy instrumentation, Surgical Mesh economics
- Abstract
Background: The most effective method for repair of a groin hernia involves the use of a synthetic mesh, but this type of mesh is unaffordable for many patients in low- and middle-income countries. Sterilized mosquito meshes have been used as a lower-cost alternative but have not been rigorously studied., Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing low-cost mesh with commercial mesh (both lightweight) for the repair of a groin hernia in adult men in eastern Uganda who had primary, unilateral, reducible groin hernias. Surgery was performed by four qualified surgeons. The primary outcomes were hernia recurrence at 1 year and postoperative complications., Results: A total of 302 patients were included in the study. The follow-up rate was 97.3% after 2 weeks and 95.6% after 1 year. Hernia recurred in 1 patient (0.7%) assigned to the low-cost mesh and in no patients assigned to the commercial mesh (absolute risk difference, 0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.2 to 2.6; P=1.0). Postoperative complications occurred in 44 patients (30.8%) assigned to the low-cost mesh and in 44 patients (29.7%) assigned to the commercial mesh (absolute risk difference, 1.0 percentage point; 95% CI, -9.5 to 11.6; P=1.0)., Conclusions: Rates of hernia recurrence and postoperative complications did not differ significantly between men undergoing hernia repair with low-cost mesh and those undergoing hernia repair with commercial mesh. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN20596933.).
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- 2016
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28. Informed consent in clinical practice: patients' experiences and perspectives following surgery.
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Ochieng J, Buwembo W, Munabi I, Ibingira C, Kiryowa H, Nzarubara G, and Mwaka E
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ethics, Medical, Female, Hospitals, Teaching, Hospitals, University, Humans, Informed Consent ethics, Male, Middle Aged, Surgical Procedures, Operative methods, Uganda, Young Adult, Informed Consent statistics & numerical data, Physician-Patient Relations, Surgical Procedures, Operative statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Abstract
Background: Informed consent during medical practice is an essential component of comprehensive medical care and is a requirement that should be sought all the time the doctor interacts with the patients, though very challenging when it comes to implementation. Since the magnitude and frequency of surgery related risk are higher in a resource limited setting, informed consent for surgery in such settings should be more comprehensive. This study set out to evaluate patients' experiences and perspectives of informed consent for surgery., Methods: This was a survey of post-operative patients at three university teaching hospitals in Uganda. The participants were interviewed using guided, semi-structured questionnaires. Patients from different surgical disciplines participated in the study., Results: A total of 371 patients participated in the study. Eighty percent of the participants reported having been given explanations on the indication for their surgery, 56.1 % had all their questions answered before the operation, 17 % did not know the type of operation they had undergone and another 17 % did not give their consent for the operation. Additionally, more than 81 % of the participants reported giving their own permission for surgery, although only 23.7 % were able to identify the person who obtained consent from them and 22.4 % knew the names of the surgeons who conducted the surgical procedure on them. About 20 % of the participants were not satisfied with the information provided by both the doctor before and after the operation. However, there were varying responses on when doctors should explain to patients with the majority saying it should be done before treatment or surgery, while others thought it should be done on admission, others proposed that it be made immediately after the examination among other responses. On what should be done to improve communication between doctors and patients, a number of suggestions, including the need for a detailed explanation for the patient by the doctor about their disease conditions and treatment options were suggested., Conclusions: Patients' perceptions of what constitutes informed consent are diverse and many patients undergo surgery without knowledge of the identity of the surgeon or the reason for the surgery. There is a need to improve on patients' participation in informed decision making, and this can be achieved through continuing medical education for doctors.
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- 2015
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29. Open Biomedical Engineering education in Africa.
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Ahluwalia A, Atwine D, De Maria C, Ibingira C, Kipkorir E, Kiros F, Madete J, Mazzei D, Molyneux E, Moonga K, Moshi M, Nzomo M, Oduol V, and Okuonzi J
- Subjects
- Africa, Humans, Biomedical Engineering education, Education, Distance, Students, Universities
- Abstract
Despite the virtual revolution, the mainstream academic community in most countries remains largely ignorant of the potential of web-based teaching resources and of the expansion of open source software, hardware and rapid prototyping. In the context of Biomedical Engineering (BME), where human safety and wellbeing is paramount, a high level of supervision and quality control is required before open source concepts can be embraced by universities and integrated into the curriculum. In the meantime, students, more than their teachers, have become attuned to continuous streams of digital information, and teaching methods need to adapt rapidly by giving them the skills to filter meaningful information and by supporting collaboration and co-construction of knowledge using open, cloud and crowd based technology. In this paper we present our experience in bringing these concepts to university education in Africa, as a way of enabling rapid development and self-sufficiency in health care. We describe the three summer schools held in sub-Saharan Africa where both students and teachers embraced the philosophy of open BME education with enthusiasm, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of opening education in this way in the developing and developed world.
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- 2015
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30. Iodine deficiency among goiter patients in rural South Sudan.
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Chuot CC, Galukande M, Ibingira C, Kisa N, and Fualal JO
- Subjects
- Adult, Demography, Female, Goiter urine, Humans, Iodine urine, Male, Risk Factors, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Sudan epidemiology, World Health Organization, Goiter epidemiology, Goiter etiology, Iodine deficiency
- Abstract
Background: It is estimated that 2.2 billion or approximately 30% of the world's population live in iodine-deficient areas. In a 2005 study households consuming iodized salt in South Sudan increased from 40% to 73%. Despite this achievement, there are still many goiter cases in rural South Sudan and iodine deficiency remains as a major public health problem in this part of sub Saharan Africa.The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency among rural Southern Sudan goiter patients., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three South Sudan counties, adults with goiter were from three centers following a mobilization campaign that lasted 4 weeks for free medical care. They were clinically evaluated and completed interviewer administered questionnaires to determine their age, gender, diet, family history, drug history, and medical history. Urine samples were then taken for urinary iodine levels. The outcome was iodine deficiency measured as urinary iodine less than 100 μg per/ L. Multiple logistic regression was used to establish the factors associated with iodine deficiency in South Sudan. Ethical approval was obtained., Results: A total of 286 goitre patients were recruited. The mean age was 38 years (SD 9), 262(92%) were females (F: M ratio 11:1), and 257(90%) were rural- peasants, 25% (20/286) had moderate to severe iodine deficiency. 174(62%) consumed non-iodized salts., Conclusion: Iodine deficiency is highly prevalent among rural South Sudan communities and a likely cause for goiters. Rural poor women are highly vulnerable.
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- 2014
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31. Informed consent practices for surgical care at university teaching hospitals: a case in a low resource setting.
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Ochieng J, Ibingira C, Buwembo W, Munabi I, Kiryowa H, Kitara D, Bukuluki P, Nzarubara G, and Mwaka E
- Subjects
- Adult, Comprehension, Consent Forms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Physician-Patient Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uganda, Anesthesiology, General Surgery ethics, Hospitals, University, Informed Consent ethics, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, Operative
- Abstract
Background: Informed consent in medical practice is essential and a global standard that should be sought at all the times doctors interact with patients. Its intensity would vary depending on the invasiveness and risks associated with the anticipated treatment. To our knowledge there has not been any systematic review of consent practices to document best practices and identify areas that need improvement in our setting. The objective of the study was to evaluate the informed consent practices of surgeons at University teaching Hospitals in a low resource setting., Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at three university teaching hospitals in Uganda. Self-guided questionnaires were left at a central location in each of the surgical departments after verbally communicating to the surgeons of the intention of the study. Filled questionnaires were returned at the same location by the respondents for collection by the research team. In addition, 20 in-depth interviews were held with surgeons and a review of 384 patients' record files for informed consent documentation was done., Results: A total of 132 (62.1%) out of 214 questionnaires were completed and returned. Respondents were intern doctors, residents and specialists from General surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Ear, Nose and Throat, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology departments. The average working experience of respondents was 4.8 years (SD 4.454, range 0-39 years). 48.8% of the respondents said they obtained consent all the time surgery is done while 51.2% did not obtain consent all the time. Many of the respondents indicated that informed consent was not obtained by the surgeon who operated the patient but was obtained either at admission or by nurses in the surgical units. The consent forms used in the hospitals were found to be inadequate and many times signed at admission before diagnosing the patient's disease., Conclusions: Informed consent administration and documentation for surgical health care is still inadequate at University teaching hospitals in Uganda.
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- 2014
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32. Chronic osteomyelitis in a Ugandan rural setting.
- Author
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Ibingira CB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Causality, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Osteomyelitis diagnosis, Osteomyelitis therapy, Prospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Uganda epidemiology, Osteomyelitis epidemiology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: To determine the incidence pattern and outcome of chronic osteomyelitis in a rural setting., Design: A prospective descriptive study where a proforma was drafted to study all consecutive patients with features of chronic osteomyelitis over a period of six years, Clinical findings on presentation, treatment, duration of symptoms, initial treatment sought, operative treatment, post operative outcome and demographic data were all documented., Setting: Mityana hospital, a rural 120 hospital bed, located in Mubende District. It serves Mubende district and the neighbouring districts of Mpigi, Sembabule, Kyenjojo, Kibale and Kiboga. The majority of the population in these districts are mainly peasants involved in cattle keeping and agriculture., Patients: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic osteomyelitis were treated between June 1996 - June 2001., Results: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic osteomyelitis seen in a period of six years, involving various bones of the body. Forty five percent were females, the highest incidence occurred in the age range of 10 - 19 years. The commonest a etiological history was by pricks. The bones most frequently affected were phalanges (43.3%) followed by the tibia (21.6%). Forty four percent of these patients first used local herbs before going to hospital. Fifty five percent of the patients were found to have a big spleen of not less than 12cm below the costal margin and the best treatment option was sequestrectomy and curretage with imperical administration of antibiotics. Complications observed on follow up were: cosmetically bad fingers where curretage and sequestrectomy were done. Distortion of the foot arches where the matarsals were disarticulated and persistent discharging sinuses., Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis is a debilitating dirty disease endemic in the peasantry communities. It persists because of delay in seeking medical treatment because the first line of treatment is mainly herbs where the terminal phalanges were involved. Sequestrectomy and curettage were a better option to disarticulation because the function of the finger is not interfered with. The biggest number of cases seen involved the phalanges (45.3%) followed by the tibia 21.6% because of the nature of occupation of the rural communities.
- Published
- 2003
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33. Management of cancer of the stomach in Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda.
- Author
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Ibingira CB
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma pathology, Adult, Aged, Female, Gastric Mucosa pathology, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Palliative Care, Pyloric Antrum pathology, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Uganda, Adenocarcinoma therapy, Stomach Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To determine the clinical presentation, mode of investigation and management of gastric cancer at New Mulago Hospital., Design: Prospective descriptive study., Settings: Three general surgical wards, Department of Surgery, New Mulago Hospital., Subjects: Thirty five patients were studied within 12 months., Results: Gastric cancer was found to be prevalent in tribes inhabiting volcanic areas of south western Uganda especially the Banyankole (25%). The commonest mode of clinical presentation was epigastric pain, weight loss, constipation, epigastric tenderness, palpable epigastric mass and anaemia. The most accurate mode of investigation was by endoscopy followed by barium meal. The commonest locality was the pyloric atrium (40%) histologically adenocarcinoma (95.5%) predominated. Gastric cancer was found to be more common in patients with blood group O+ve. All patients had been subjected to some kind of medical treatment especially with antiacids, H2 receptor antagonists which contributed to the delay in presentation. The majority of patients (94.5%) presented with advanced disease and no curative surgery was possible., Conclusions: These results show that early diagnosis of gastric cancer is still a dream at Mulago hospital since most patients present with advanced disease. To address this problem, all health workers should be sensitised on symptoms and signs for early aggressive investigation or an early referral to enable early diagnosis of gastric cancer. The investigatory capacity of rural hospitals should be boosted to enable early detection of gastric cancer.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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34. Long-term complications of inguinal hernia repair.
- Author
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Ibingira CB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hospitals, Rural, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Sex Distribution, Uganda, Hernia, Inguinal surgery, Postoperative Complications etiology
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the pattern of long term complications of inguinal hernia repair., Design: A prospective, descriptive study., Patients: Eighty six consecutive patients who presented with symptoms and signs of long-term complications of inguinal hernia repair., Setting: Out patient clinic of a rural hospital at Mityana in Uganda., Results: A number of long term complications of inguinal hernia repair were discovered. The most frequent was recurrence of hernia (42%) followed by stitch absesses/sinuses (24.2%). Others included intestinal obstruction, faecal/urine fistulae, painful scars/neuromas, unilateral/bilateral testicular atrophy, impotence, hydrocele, multiple incision scars on same side and hypertrophic scars. Complications were more prevalent between 50-70 years. In children the majority of repairs were done below 10 years., Conclusion: Majority of these complications could be avoided by first investigating for the aetiology of the hernia in elective cases, use of better surgical techniques and expertise. Good follow up is essential to avert distressing complications like testicular atrophy, faecal and urine fistulae.
- Published
- 1999
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