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Regards the aquaculture sector, one of the largest sectors of food production is shrimp farming, however, it has been affected by diseases, including Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease (AHPND). which is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which host a plasmid who produce toxins PirA and Pir B. An alternative method to control the pathogen is the application of probiotics, when consumed by the shrimp, give it a defense mechanism against pathogens. In this investigation marine ecosystems were evaluated and marine bacteria were isolated which, with the well diffusion test, showed an antagonistic effect against the pathogenic shrimp strain, where inhibition halos were observed from 1cm to almost 4 cm in diameter; In addition, these bacteria were characterized by a biochemical profile with the BioMérieux API system and by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene where the genera Shewanella sp., Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. The ability of these bacteria to be potentially used as a prophylactic and / or therapeutic measure in shrimp farms is of paramount importance, and avoid the use of antibiotics., Referente al sector acuícola, uno de los mayores sectores de producción de alimentos es el cultivo de camarón, sin embargo, se ha visto afectado por enfermedades, entre ellas la Enfermedad de la Necrosis Aguda del Hepatopáncreas (AHPND, por sus siglas en inglés) la cual es causada por Vibrio parahaemolyticus que hospeda un plásmido productor de tóxinas PirA y Pir B. Un método alternativo para controlar el agente causal es la aplicación de probióticos, los cuales, al ser consumidos por el camarón, le confieren un mecanismo de defensa frente a patógenos. En esta investigación se evaluaron bacterias de ecosistemas marinos y se aislaron con la prueba de difusión en pozo, al mostrar un efecto antagónico en contra de la cepa patógena de camarón, produciendo halos de inhibición desde uno a casi cuatro centímetros de diámetro; además, se caracterizaron estas bacterias por un perfil bioquímico con el sistema API BioMérieux y por secuenciación del gen 16S rADN identificándose en los géneros Shewanella sp., Vibrio sp. y Bacillus sp. Es de suma importancia la capacidad que presentan estas bacterias para ser potencialmente utilizadas como una medida profiláctica y/o terapéutica en granjas camaronícolas evitándose el uso de antibióticos.

Coccidioidomycosis, classified as such as a saprozoonosis disease, which is produced by Coccidioides spp. So far this ailment just had been categorized in two strains C. immitis and C. posadassi. The disease had frequently been associated to dried environments and alkaline soils, where, after rain, fungus spread arthroconidea. The aim of this research was to study the pathological aspects found at necropsy, the serological presence and the spherules existence of the Coccidioides spp. microscopically in naturally infected dogs. From 90 tested animals, serology showed 78.88% positives using Particles agglutination Latex (PAL), and just 21.12% animals were serum-negatives. At necropsy, there were just 25% animals with suggested lesions to the disease in one or more organs, while 75% animals did not show affected organs. Cachexia, cough and limp were significant sources of variation (P < 0.05), in relation with the variable presence of spherules. If animal is skinny or not, it does not represent significant sources of variation (P > 0.05). PAL was poorly correlated with affected organs at necropsy and with spherule presence at histopathology (Kappa= 0.1047, p< 0.05). All 22 affected animals (100%) presented lungs lesions and 77.27% on bones. Macroscopic pulmonary affections were evident at level 4 (lung with more of 70% of affection) while 66 (75%) with out lesions. Kappa correlation between suggestive lesions to coccidioidomycosis and presence of spherules is high (K= 1, p< 0.001). It is necessary to conduct studies of concordance of such positive serology animals using a more sensitive technique such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)., La Coccidioidomicosis, clasificada como una saprozoonosis, es causada por el hongo Coccidoides spp., del cual, a la fecha, solo se han clasificado dos especies: C. immitis y C. posadassi. La enfermedad ha sido frecuentemente reportada en áreas con climas secos y con suelos alcalinos en los cuales el hongo puede liberar un gran número de artroconideos después de la lluvia. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad investigar aquellos aspectos patológicos encontrados a la necropsia y la presencia serológica de la enfermedad, así como la presencia del hongo a nivel microscópico en perros infectados naturalmente. De los 90 animales seleccionados, el 60% estaban delgados; la Prueba de Aglutinación en Látex (PAL), clasificó al 78.8% y 21.12% fueron seronegativos. A la necropsia el 25% presentaron lesiones sugestivas a la enfermedad en uno o más órganos, y el 75% no presentaron evidencias. La presencia de caquexia, tos y claudicación resultaron ser fuentes significativas de variación (P < 0.05) con respecto a la variable respuesta que es la presencia de esférulas. Respecto a que si el animal está o no delgado no representó una fuente significativa de variación (P > 0.05). PAL está pobremente correlacionada con la aparición de lesiones en órganos durante la necropsia y a la presencia de esférula en la histopatología (Kappa= 0.1079, p>0.05). De los 22 animales afectados, el 100% presentó lesiones pulmonares y el 77.27 % en hueso. La histopatología reveló el 25% (22 casos) presentaron la esférula de Coccidioides spp., y el 75% (66 casos) sin lesión. La correlación entre las lesiones sugestivas a Coccidioidomicosis y la presencia de esférulas de Coccidioides spp. es alta (Kappa= 1, p>0.001). Es recomendable realizar estudios de concordancia de estos animales positivos a serología con el uso de una técnica más sensible como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR).

White spot syndrome is a viral disease affecting wild and farm crustaceans that serve as reservoirs. Previous reports have demonstrated high genomic variation in WSS viruses (WSSV) isolated from distinct geographical regions. In this study, we collected wild shrimps (Litopenaeus stylirostris), crabs (Callinectes arcuatus) and farmed shrimp (L. vannamei) in Sonora, Mexico, between 2008 and 2010. DNA was extracted, and the variable regions and transposase genes were subjected to PCR and sequencing. Compared to strains of WSSV from other sites, Mexican samples exhibited a distinct number of repeat units (RUs) in ORF94, ORF75 and ORF125, which ranged between 1-11, 3-15, and 8-11 RUs respectively, and a unique single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 48 of ORF94. A total of six Mexican genotypes were found in organism from shrimp farm and natural environment.

White spot syndrome is a viral disease affecting wild and farm crustaceans that serve as reservoirs. Previous reports have demonstrated high genomic variation in WSS viruses (WSSV) isolated from distinct geographical regions. In this study, we collected wild shrimps (Litopenaeus stylirostris), crabs (Callinectes arcuatus) and farmed shrimp (L. vannamei) in Sonora, Mexico, between 2008 and 2010. DNA was extracted, and the variable regions and transposase genes were subjected to PCR and sequencing. Compared to strains of WSSV from other sites, Mexican samples exhibited a distinct number of repeat units (RUs) in ORF94, ORF75 and ORF125, which ranged between 1-11, 3-15, and 8-11 RUs respectively, and a unique single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 48 of ORF94. A total of six Mexican genotypes were found in organism from shrimp farm and natural environment.

The occurrence of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) in wild shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus (white shrimp) and Farfantepenaeus aztecus (brown shrimp) captured from the estuary of La Pesca in La Laguna Madre Tamaulipas, Mexico, are reported. This study was performed for histopathology and amplification of nucleic acids. The prevalence of TSV was 6.6% (12/180) and 4.4% for IHHNV (8/180). Most cases were observed from November to March (15/180). The presence of these viruses in wild shrimp from the La Laguna Madre, alerts about the risk that are having the wild populations and the shrimp farms that are contiguous with the Gulf of Mexico, so it is suggested to establish a program of sanitary monitoring and to verify the impact of both viruses in the near shrimp farms of the La Laguna Madre., Se reporta la presencia del virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV) y del virus del síndrome de Taura (TSV) en camarones silvestres Litopenaeus setiferus (camarón blanco) y Farfantepenaeus aztecus (camarón café) capturados en el estero de La Pesca, en La Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, México. El estudio se realizó por histopatología y amplificación de ácidos nucleicos. La prevalencia de TSV fue 6,6% (12/180) y 4,4% para IHHNV (8/180). La mayoría de los casos se presentaron de noviembre a marzo (15/180). La presencia de estos virus en camarones silvestres de La Laguna Madre, alerta sobre el riesgo en que se encuentran las poblaciones silvestres y las granjas camaroneras colindantes con el Golfo de México, por lo que se sugiere establecer un programa de monitoreo sanitario y verificar el impacto de ambos virus en camarones de granjas vecinas a La Laguna Madre.