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4. An Integrated Analysis of Abattoir Lung Lesion Scores and Antimicrobial Use in Italian Heavy Pig Finishing Farms.

Author

Recchia, Matteo, Ghidini, Sergio, Romeo, Claudia, Scali, Federico, Maisano, Antonio Marco, Guadagno, Federica, De Luca, Silvio, Ianieri, Adriana, and Alborali, Giovanni Loris

Subjects
LUNGS, LUNG diseases, SWINE farms, SLAUGHTERING, PRODUCTION losses, RESPIRATORY diseases
Abstract

Simple Summary: Abattoir lung lesion scoring is a common practice to assess the impact of respiratory diseases in pig production, but whether the information obtained could be used to optimize antimicrobial stewardship programs has rarely been investigated. In this study, lung and pleural scores collected at slaughter from Italian heavy pigs were compared with on-farm antimicrobial use during the six months prior to slaughtering. Lung scores were positively associated with the past use of antimicrobials considered critical for human medicine, suggesting that batches with worse scores may have been unsuccessfully treated with first-choice antimicrobials. This result emphasizes the role of abattoirs as strategic observatories for pig respiratory diseases, which may also be helpful for antimicrobial stewardship. The information obtained could provide useful feedback aiding the identification of gaps in biosecurity or inadequate vaccination plans, thus helping to reduce on-farm antimicrobial use. Respiratory diseases significantly affect intensive pig finishing farms, causing production losses and increased antimicrobial use (AMU). Lesion scoring at slaughter has been recognized as a beneficial practice to evaluate herd management. The integrated analysis of abattoir lesion scores and AMU data could improve decision-making by providing feedback to veterinarians and farmers on the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, thus rationalizing their use. This study compared lung and pleural lesion scores collected at Italian pig slaughterhouses with on-farm AMU, estimated through a treatment index per 100 days (TI100). Overall, 24,752 pig carcasses, belonging to 236 batches from 113 finishing farms, were inspected. Bronchopneumonia and chronic pleuritis were detected in 55% and 48% of the examined pigs, respectively. Antimicrobials were administered in 97% of the farms during the six months prior to slaughter (median TI100 = 5.2), notwithstanding compliance with the mandatory withdrawal period. EMA category B (critical) antimicrobials were administered in 15.2% of cases (median TI100 = 0.06). The lung score was not associated with the total AMU, but significant, positive associations were found with the past use of critical antimicrobials (p = 0.041) and macrolides (p = 0.044). This result highlights the potential of abattoir lung lesion monitoring to rationalize antimicrobial stewardship efforts, contributing to AMU reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Gastric Lesions and Anti-Inflammatory Drug Usage in Heavy Pigs

Author

Ghidini, Sergio, primary, Scali, Federico, additional, Romeo, Claudia, additional, Guadagno, Federica, additional, Maisano, Antonio Marco, additional, De Luca, Silvio, additional, Varrà, Maria Olga, additional, Conter, Mauro, additional, Ianieri, Adriana, additional, Zanardi, Emanuela, additional, and Alborali, Giovanni Loris, additional

Published
2023
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12. 1 H NMR Metabolomics on Pigs' Liver Exposed to Antibiotics Administration: An Explorative Study.

Author

Fabrile, Maria Pia, Ghidini, Sergio, Caligiani, Augusta, Scali, Federico, Varrà, Maria Olga, Lolli, Veronica, Alborali, Giovanni Loris, Ianieri, Adriana, and Zanardi, Emanuela

Subjects
MULTIVARIATE analysis, OCHRATOXINS, SWINE, METABOLOMICS, METABOLOMIC fingerprinting, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, CHOLINE
Abstract

An untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics approach was applied as a first attempt to explore the metabolome of pigs treated with antibiotics. The final goal was to investigate the possibility of discriminating between antibiotic-treated (TX group) and untreated pigs (CTRL group), with the further perspective of identifying the authentication tools for antibiotic-free pork supply chains. In particular, 41 samples of pig liver were subjected to a biphasic extraction to recover both the polar and the non-polar metabolites, and the 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis was performed on the two separate extracts. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) multivariate statistical analysis of 1H NMR spectra data in the range 0–9 ppm provided metabolomic fingerprinting useful for the discrimination of pig livers based on the antibiotic treatment to which they were exposed. Moreover, within the signature patterns, significant discriminating metabolites were identified among carbohydrates, choline and derivatives, amino acids and some lipid-class molecules. The encouraging findings of this exploratory study showed the feasibility of the untargeted metabolomic approach as a novel strategy in the authentication framework of pork supply chains and open a new horizon for a more in-depth investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Author

Ghidini, Sergio, Varra, Maria Olga, Husáková, Lenka, Alborali, Giovanni Loris, Patočka, Jan, Ianieri, Adriana, Zanardi, Emanuela, Ghidini, Sergio, Varra, Maria Olga, Husáková, Lenka, Alborali, Giovanni Loris, Patočka, Jan, Ianieri, Adriana, and Zanardi, Emanuela

Abstract

Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p <= 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children's estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population., Metodou hmotnostní spektrometrie s ionizací v indukčně vázaném plazmatu (ICP-MS) a termooxidační metodou byly analyzovány svalové a jaterní tkáně italských těžkých prasat za účelem posouzení dietární expozice různých věkových skupin italské populace vybranými těžkými kovy. Z experimentálních dat byla s využitím vhodných matematicko-statistických postupů vyhodnocena potencionální zdravotní rizika spojená s konzumací uvedených vzorků a definována doporučení s ohledem na posílení integrovaných monitorovacích programů pro kontrolu výskytu kontaminantů v krmivech a masných výrobcích.

Published
2023

19. Advances in Troubleshooting Fish and Seafood Authentication by Inorganic Elemental Composition

Author

Varra, Maria Olga, Ghidini, Sergio, Husáková, Lenka, Ianieri, Adriana, Zanardi, Emanuela, Varra, Maria Olga, Ghidini, Sergio, Husáková, Lenka, Ianieri, Adriana, and Zanardi, Emanuela

Abstract

The demand for fish and seafood is growing worldwide. Meanwhile, problems related to the integrity and safety of the fishery sector are increasing, leading legislators, producers, and consumers to search for ways to effectively protect themselves from fraud and health hazards related to fish consumption. What is urgently required now is the availability of reliable, truthful, and reproducible methods assuring the correspondence between the real nature of the product and label declarations accompanying the same product during its market life. The evaluation of the inorganic composition of fish and seafood appears to be one of the most promising strategies to be exploited in the near future to assist routine and official monitoring operations along the supply chain. The present review article focuses on exploring the latest scientific achievements of using the multi-elemental composition of fish and seafood as an imprint of their authenticity and traceability, especially with regards to the geographical origin. The scientific literature of the last 10 years focusing on the analytical determination and statistical elaboration of elemental data (alone or in combination with methodologies targeting other compounds) to verify the identity of fishery products is summarized and discussed., Hodnocení anorganického prvkového složení ryb a mořských plodů se zdá být jednou z nejslibnějších strategií, které budou v blízké budoucnosti využity k podpoře rutinních a oficiálních monitorovacích operací v dodavatelském řetězci. Tento přehledový článek se zaměřuje na zkoumání nejnovějších vědeckých poznatků využití multi-prvkového profilu tkání ryb a mořských plodů pro potřeby jejich autentifikace a sledovatelnost s ohledem na geografický původ. Je shrnuta a diskutována vědecká literatura za posledních 10 let, zaměřená na analytická stanovení a statistické zpracování experimentálních dat pro ověření identity produktů rybolovu.

Published
2022

21. ESBL/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Wild Boar: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Author

Formenti, Nicoletta, primary, Calò, Stefania, additional, Parisio, Giovanni, additional, Guarneri, Flavia, additional, Birbes, Laura, additional, Pitozzi, Alessandra, additional, Scali, Federico, additional, Tonni, Matteo, additional, Guadagno, Federica, additional, Giovannini, Stefano, additional, Salogni, Cristian, additional, Ianieri, Adriana, additional, Bellini, Silvia, additional, Pasquali, Paolo, additional, and Alborali, Giovanni Loris, additional

Published
2021
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22. S. Aureus biofilm protein expression linked to antimicrobial resistance: A' proteomic study

Author

Piras, Cristian, Aldo Di Ciccio, Pierluigi, Soggiu, Alessio, Greco, Viviana, Tilocca, Bruno, Costanzo, Nicola, Ceniti, Carlotta, Urbani, Andrea, Bonizzi, Luigi, Ianieri, Adriana, Roncada, Paola, Viviana Greco (ORCID:0000-0003-4521-0020), Andrea Urbani (ORCID:0000-0001-9168-3174), Piras, Cristian, Aldo Di Ciccio, Pierluigi, Soggiu, Alessio, Greco, Viviana, Tilocca, Bruno, Costanzo, Nicola, Ceniti, Carlotta, Urbani, Andrea, Bonizzi, Luigi, Ianieri, Adriana, Roncada, Paola, Viviana Greco (ORCID:0000-0003-4521-0020), and Andrea Urbani (ORCID:0000-0001-9168-3174)

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most critical challenges that humanity will face in the following years. In this context, a "One Health" approach with an integrated multidisciplinary effort involving humans, animals and their surrounding environment is needed to tackle the spread of AMR. One of the most common ways for bacteria to live is to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can form biofilm on most surfaces and in a wide heterogeneity of environmental conditions. The biofilm guarantees the survival of the S. aureus in harsh environmental conditions and represents an issue for the food industry and animal production. The identification and characterization of biofilm-related proteins may provide interesting insights into biofilm formation mechanisms in S. aureus. In this regard, the aims of this study were: (i) to use proteomics to compare proteomes of S. aureus growing in planktonic and biofilm forms in order to investigate the common features of biofilm formation properties of different strains; (ii) to identify specific biofilm mechanisms that may be involved in AMR. The proteomic analysis showed 14 differentially expressed proteins among biofilm and planktonic forms of S. aureus. Moreover, three proteins, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, were only differentially expressed in strains classified as high biofilm producers. Differentially regulated catabolites metabolisms and the switch to lower oxygen-related metabolisms were related to the sessile conformation analyzed.

Published
2021

27. The Use of Antimicrobials in Italian Heavy Pig Fattening Farms

Author

Scali, Federico, primary, Santucci, Giovanni, additional, Maisano, Antonio M., additional, Giudici, Francesca, additional, Guadagno, Federica, additional, Tonni, Matteo, additional, Amicabile, Alberto, additional, Formenti, Nicoletta, additional, Giacomini, Enrico, additional, Lazzaro, Massimiliano, additional, Bontempi, Giorgio, additional, Vitale, Nicoletta, additional, Alban, Lis, additional, Dewulf, Jeroen, additional, Ianieri, Adriana, additional, Ghidini, Sergio, additional, Belluzzi, Giancarlo, additional, Candela, Loredana, additional, Maggio, Angelica, additional, Pasquali, Paolo, additional, Borrello, Silvio, additional, and Alborali, Giovanni L., additional

Published
2020
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30. Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain

Author

Rodríguez-López, Pedro, primary, Filipello, Virginia, additional, Di Ciccio, Pierluigi Aldo, additional, Pitozzi, Alessandra, additional, Ghidini, Sergio, additional, Scali, Federico, additional, Ianieri, Adriana, additional, Zanardi, Emanuela, additional, Losio, Marina Nadia, additional, Simon, Ancuta Cezara, additional, and Alborali, Giovanni Loris, additional

Published
2020
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35. Microscopic investigations as an aid in raw ham’s ripening analysis

Author

Paludi, Domenico, primary, Di Guardo, Giovanni, additional, Olivastri, Alberto, additional, Zizzi, Antonio, additional, Rubini, Corrado, additional, Pennisi, Luca Maria, additional, Baffoni, Marina, additional, Festino, Anna Rita, additional, Ianieri, Adriana, additional, and Vergara, Alberto, additional

Published
2019
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38. Biofilm Formation and Its Relationship with the Molecular Characteristics of Food-Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Author

Vergara, Alberto, Normanno, Giovanni, Di Ciccio, Pierluigi, Pedonese, Francesca, Nuvoloni, Roberta, Parisi, Antonio, Santagada, Gianfranco, Colagiorgi, Angelo, Zanardi, Emanuela, Ghidini, Sergio, and Ianieri, Adriana

Subjects
icaA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, icaD, MRSA, Staphylococcal Infections, food safety, Methicillin, Milk, Bacterial Proteins, Biofilms, SEM, biofilm formation, Animals, Humans, Cattle, Female, agr-type, agr-type, biofilm formation, food safety, icaA, Food Science
Abstract

The capability to produce biofilm is an important persistence and dissemination mechanism of some foodborne bacteria. This paper investigates the relationship between some molecular characteristics (SCCmec, ST, spa-type, agr-type, cna, sarA, icaA, icaD, clfA, fnbA, fnbB, hla, hlb) of 22 food-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and their ability to form biofilm on stainless steel and polystyrene. Five (22.7%, 5/22) strains were able to synthesize biofilm on polystyrene, and one of these (4.5%, 1/22) strains was also able to synthesize biofilm on stainless steel. The largest amount of biofilm was formed on polystyrene by 2 MRSA strains isolated from cows' milk, thus raising concern about the dairy industry. The majority of MRSA biofilm producers carried SCCmec type IVa, suggesting that the presence of SCCmecIVa and/or agr type III could be related to the ability to form biofilm. In conclusion, in order to achieve an acceptable level of food safety, Good Hygiene Practices should be strictly implemented along the food chain to reduce the risk of colonization and dissemination of MRSA biofilm-producing strains in the food industry.In this study, some assayed isolates of food-related MRSA demonstrated the capacity to form biofilm. Biofilm formation differed according to surface characteristics and MRSA strains. A relationship was observed between some molecular characteristics and the ability to form biofilms. Few studies have investigated the ability of MRSA to form biofilms, and the majority of these studies have investigated clinical aspects. This work was performed to investigate whether or not there is a difference between MRSA food isolates and MRSA clinical isolates in their ability to form biofilm. These initial findings could provide information that will contribute to a better understanding of these aspects.

Published
2017

44. Biofilm Formation and Its Relationship with the Molecular Characteristics of Food-Related Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)

Author

Vergara, Alberto, primary, Normanno, Giovanni, additional, Di Ciccio, Pierluigi, additional, Pedonese, Francesca, additional, Nuvoloni, Roberta, additional, Parisi, Antonio, additional, Santagada, Gianfranco, additional, Colagiorgi, Angelo, additional, Zanardi, Emanuela, additional, Ghidini, Sergio, additional, and Ianieri, Adriana, additional

Published
2017
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49. Utilizzazione dell'ozono nell'industria alimentare

Author

Di Ciccio, Pierluigi, Zanardi, Emanuela, Ghidini, Sergio, Ianieri, Adriana, Borrello, Silvio, and Vergara, Alberto

Subjects
Ozone, Food industry, Antimicrobial activity, Food Science, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2013

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