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Installing of new solar capacities for electricity production has slowed down worldwide. To explore this trend, to assess opportunities for implementing solar potential, and to determine whether wider investment in solar capacities is possible, a comprehensive model is developed and applied to 28 EU countries and Serbia. Holistic “triangulation” approach encompasses a correlational multidimensional model, an economic analysis, and societal perspective. First, in a linear regression analysis, number and types of massive input variables were adjusted to maximize the level of explanation of the phenomenon and the significance of the input variables. Calculating 255 combinations of eight types of input data for four years, possible production of solar electricity in the 29 countries was quantified. Calculated results were subjected to complex analyses of sensitivity. Second, the balance between the production cost and market price of solar electricity was analyzed by the economic method of Levelised Cost of Electricity. Third, questionnaires and interviews revealed public opinion and expert opinion. Discussion of current situation and positive practice internationally and in Serbia covers regulatory, financial, and economic aspects, including an assessment of investment risks. In conclusion, interests and opportunities favour wider implementation of solar energy facilities for clean and renewable production of electricity.

The purpose of this paper is to make a research on solar power plants integration in an electric power system, taking into account all costs arising from circular economy criteria. Four scenarios of solar power plant installation are analyzed. The methodology relies on nature-inspired optimization. The evolutionary multiobjective genetic algorithm is applied. The optimization is based on the costs of electricity production, encompassing not only the costs of technology, but also the costs of environmental protection and sustainable development. These costs are included in the model and the objectives are formulated accordingly. The objectives are based on maximization of electricity production up to the level of demand, minimization of total electricity costs and minimization of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, grid losses as well as other limitations and constraints of the electric power system are included into the model. The loss distribution is calculated in proportion to the distance between the supplier and the end user. The solar power plant losses equal zero, because it is assumed that the plant is located in a local community, close to consumers. The results show that the emissions and costs are higher without an introduced solar power plant. Introduction of solar capacities reduces the costs and emissions to a certain level. The developed model may be useful as a decision-support system generator.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze sustainability of the constructed projects (Djerdap 1 and 2) and feasibility of the planned ones (Djerdap 3) on the river Danube in the region of Iron Gate, with multi-criteria focus on technical, economical and environmental parameters. Design/methodology/approach The main objectives were achieved by using the methodology of a holistic multi-criteria approach. Electra method was applied. The design of the three projects on the international Danube River were analyzed, from technical, economical and environmental point of view, with the goal to manage a higher involvement of renewable resources. Findings The results of the research imply that the most profitable technical solutions cannot reach its realization and construction if the environmental quality criteria are not fulfilled and included in the multi-criteria optimization model. At the same time, the most sustainable and environmentally friendly technical solutions, such as the renewable hydro pump storage scheme, cannot be realized without proper project management and investment. Research limitations/implications The results and conclusions are valid for all the structures and projects of renewable resources, where there is a conflict to the environment. This research has implications to all decision-making processes focusing on holistic analyses of conflicted techno-economical and environmental parameters. Originality/value The value of the paper and research is in proving the necessity of simultaneous analyses of technical, economical and environmental impacts on the projects. All the results of the research are beneficial for stakeholders who intend to invest in renewable hydro energy resources, in the function of sustainable development.

Based on data contained in Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s De Administrando Imperio, local written sources, and fragments with inscriptions, the article offers new insight about the original position of the relics of St. Tryphon, the patron saint of Kotor from the first decades of the 9th century. Also, the foundations of a church with a quincuncial (cross-in-square) plan, erected in the same period and discovered below the city’s cathedral, can be seen as an early and important example of the dispersion of this architectural type in lands that belonged to the Byzantine cultural sphere. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177015: Hrišćanska kultura na Balkanu u srednjem veku: Vizantijsko carstvo, Srbi i Bugari od IX do XV veka and Grant no. 177036: Srpska srednjovekovna umetnost i njen evropski kontekst]

Based on the results of the archaeological research of the oldest horizon of the katholikon of Žica Monastery, this paper brings the hypothesis that the initial model for its spatial arrangement was the main church of the Archbishopric of Kalocsa. Documented by the historical arguments that give the indirect validation, this hypothesis is considered from the perspective of cultural interactions which left a mark on the artistic creations of liminal geographical and historical zones of the Christian world during the twelfth and thirteenth century. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177015: Hriscanska kultura na Balkanu u srednjem veku: Vizantijsko carstvo, Srbi i Bugari od IX do XV veka i br. 177036: Srpska srednjovekovna umetnost i njen evropski kontekst]

Summary The experience of the EU in the way of stimulating rural development has been accepted as a starting position in Serbia. The level of economic growth, even in rural areas, despite efforts is not at the desired level. Ways to stimulate rural development process are researched deductively on the example of two municipalities in Sumadija, Serbia. The result of the research pointed to the need to specify the policy of integrated rural development of the municipality and the need to innovate the existing models of organization. It is concluded that the policy of rural municipalities should be directed to: active access to finance, identity politics, and continuing education. Innovation in the organization involves: an Initiative team who prepare the documentation as a basis for decision-making, implementation of agricultural incubator (a symbiosis of business, technology and incubator for a quality management system), and establishing a system of vertical mergers.

Based on the new analysis of the passage of the text of the Vita of St. Symeon Nemanja dedicated to Virgin’s church at Toplica, written by his son Stefan «the First-Crowened», and a critical recapitulation of archeological findings as well as of attitudes presented in historiography, this article offers new insight into ideological and religious reasons for the rebuilding of this, originally Early Byzantine, church. The event is explained as a part of programmatic intentions related to the restoration of the Archbishopric of Ohrid as succesor of ancient Iustiniana Prima, during the time of archbishop John (Adrian) Komnenos (1140-1163).

U radu se razmatraju metodoloski problemi proucavanja poznovizantijske arhitekture i uticaj koji su njena dosadasnja tumacenja imala na predstavu o crkvenom graditeljstvu Moravske Srbije. Posebna pažnja posvecena je pitanjima o originalnosti i poimanju celine graditeljskog stvaranja u poslednjem razdoblju trajanja Carstva, sa zakljuckom da se poznosrednjovekovna srpska arhitektura mora posmatrati kao integralni deo njegovih vodecih tokova.

The main goal of this paper is the upgrading of classic economic analyses of optimal concept selection of small hydro development. Techno-economic small hydro system needs to be environmentally friendly and socially acceptable solution. Environmental and social parameters are quantified by Delphi method. They are results of Environmental and Social impact assessment study of the project. Environmental and social parameters are incorporated in the techno-economic analyses of the optimal sustainable concept of small hydro development, by Electre method, as a possible multi-attributive operational research model. System of small hydro power plants optimization for Prokletije streams catchments area is case study where the developed model is tested and proved. Economic cost and total investment of fifteen possible small hydro power plants have been upgraded with quantified environmental and social parameters and analyzed in the function of sustainable economic development of Prokletije region. The main contribution of this research is quantification of social and environmental parameters and their simultaneous and equal incorporation with technical and economical parameters into mathematical model for decision making process, which enables sustainability.

This text considers the echoes of the various ties of Byzantium with Kotor and Dubrovnik in the early Middle Ages. Results of studies of the urban nuclei of these cities, the architecture of their churches in the period in question and the cults of especially venerated saints in both cities, indicate that at the beginning of the IX century both Kotor and Dubrovnik were flooded with a great influx of immigrants from the eastern provinces of the Empire.