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Cereals are essential for human nutrition. Unfortunately, the worldwide demographic evolution (continually increasing) makes it difficult to maintain the security of this food source. To overcome this situation, increasing the yield of these species is necessary. The aim of the present research is to make a comparative economic analysis between different varieties of winter barley, winter wheat and triticale varieties in the period 2018-2023 at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Secuieni, Neamt County, Romania. The economic indicators taken into consideration were: yield, production value, production cost, total expenditures, gross and net profit. The data were processed and statistically interpreted based on variance analysis, coefficient of variation, using Microsoft Excel and ANOVA 2013 programs. The results regarding yield showed that on the first place is winter wheat with an average yield of 7,413 kg · ha-1, the second place is winter barley with an average yield of 6,340 kg · ha-1, and the last place is triticales, with an average yield of 6,145 kg · ha-1. From an economic point of view, winter wheat is on first place, with a net profit of approximately double compared to the other two cereals. The net profit was 3,109 lei · ha-1 for winter wheat, 1,766 lei · ha-1 for winter barley, and 1,635 lei · ha-1 for triticale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgreens represent a healthy alternative in nutrition, due to their high nutritional value and unique sensory characteristics. The light, the temperature or the density influences the photosynthetic and metabolic activity of microgreens, having a beneficial effect on their nutritional quality. In 2023, an experiment was carried out with microgreens from a hemp variety at IULS Iasi. This explored two growing environments, controlled versus uncontrolled (growth chamber versus window) and seven different seeding densities ranging from 40 to 280 microgreens/100 cm². The results revealed that the variant with 280 microgreens/100 cm² in the growth chamber recorded the highest fresh matter of 12.864 g/100 cm², while the variant with 40 microgreens/100 cm² in the growth chamber presented the highest content of chlorophyll pigments (13.1 CCI). The highest value of vitamin C (58.0 mg/100 g product) was found in D160 variant and the highest content in total soluble solids (4.33°Bx) belongs to the D200 variant, both from the growth chamber. Results underline the importance of selecting appropriate growth conditions and seeding densities for optimizing the qualitative and quantitative properties of hemp microgreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to corn, sorghum is more sensitive to the action of synthetic chemicals in the administered herbicides and most of the time the plant stagnates in growth for a few days, even if the application doses are moderate. As the spectrum of weeds is quite diverse in Romania, there are species that are difficult to control in sorghum culture, such as Sorghum halepense, Setaria ssp. or Echinochloa crus-gali L., in this research we tested several variants of weed control using herbicides applied in pre and post emergence. The most valuable variant in combating weeds in grain sorghum crop proved to be the variant with Dual Gold (S-metolachlor 960 g/l) 1.5 l/ha applied in pre-emergence + Trek P 334 SE (Pendimetalin 64 g/l + Terbuthylazine 270 g/l) 2.5 l/ha applied post-emergence, variant which had a calculated Abott's coefficient of 98.2%. The combination of Dual Gold (S-metolachlor 960 g/l) 1.5 l/ha + Casper 0.4 l/ha (5% prosulfuron+50% dicamba) also provided a high cultural hygiene assurance, and was close to the previous variant with a calculated coefficient of 97.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus, the paper presents the results of the research carried out on the winter wheat crop, in the period 2020-2023, in the pedoclimatic conditions from A.R.D.S. Secuieni-Neam?, regarding the influence of three tools, namely, the plough, the chisel, and the disk, works carried out at four working depths (15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm and 30 cm + 10 cm) and two working modes (work done out in every year in alternation: one - two - three years), and two working modes (work done out in every year in alternation: one - two - three years). During the three years of experimentation, the averages of the winter wheat yield varied within quite large limits, from 4676 kg ha-1, in the variant where the land was permanently worked with the disk at a depth between 12-15 cm, and the maximum of 5936 kg • ha-1, in the version in which the work carried out was to plow at 30 cm + 10 cm. Regarding the content of protein, oil, and starch, they had close values between the variants, the tillage not influencing these quality indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the climatic conditions of the Center of Moldavia (Romania), there are eight sorghum hybrids cultivated for grains (Arsky, Foehn, Albanus, Shamal, Kalatur şi Armorik, Elan and Alimentar) in order to establish their adaptability to the conditions of the area, by taking into account the current problems of agriculture caused by climate change and the need to find a solutions to fight hunger and improve human health. This study focused on two directions, namely: identifying genotypes that achieve the highest productions and establishing food value and the benefits of sorghum grains on human health by analysing the physico chemical composition of the grains, by determining the mineral content of the grain and by determining the composition in amino acids. The grain production had ranged from 8623 kg/ha to 11181 kg/ha. This production had characterized by a protein content between 8.84 % and 12.80 %, in lipid content between 3.39 % and 4.15 %, in raw fibre content between 2.15 % and 3.95 % and the starch content was between 66.70 % and 74.66 %. The analysed mineral content of the sorghum samples has the following values (mg/100g a.s.): phosphorus - 280 - 330; potassium - 520 - 610; calcium - 2.4 - 3.9; magnesium - 260 - 290; iron - 11.6 - 18.9; zinc - 1.94 - 2.42; copper - 0.23 - 0.36; manganese - 1.60 - 1.97. Analysing the amino acid composition of sorghum samples it can be said that the samples contain all the essential amino acids, in concentrations that, some of them, exceed the recommended daily dose (FAO/WHO/UNU): leucine, isoleucine, histidine, valine. Also the analysed sorghum seeds add an important content of methionine, threonine and phenylalanine.

The experience was in the experimental field of the A.R.D.S. Secuieni, and it was a bifactorial experience, of the 5 x 5 type, in five repetitions so that A factor was represented by different doses of phosphorus (a1 - P0; a2 - P40; a3 - P80; a4 - P120; a5 - P160 kg P2O5/ha), and B factor was represented by different doses of nitrogen (b1 - N0; b2 - N40; b3 - N80; b4 - N120; b5 - N160,kg N/ha). On average, during the ten years of testing, the productions varied within quite wide limits, from 6252 kg·ha-1, in the variant in which no dose of fertilizer was applied (control - N0P0), and the maximum was recorded in the variant in which the dose of fertilizer administered was N160P160 active substance, whose production was 9319 kg·ha-1. As for the protein content, it was different from one year to another, the minimum was obtained in the N0P40 variant, in 2019, being 8.1%, and the maximum was obtained in the variant for which the applied dose of fertilizer was N160P120, with a protein content of 13.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with 2022 at the Secuieni Agricultural Research-Development Station, millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was introduced for study. In this paper are presented partial results obtained regarding the behavior and yields obtained with two millet genotypes experimented with different rates of seeds and foliar fertilization applied products. The obtained results showed that the millet has a good adaptability to the Secuieni pedoclimatic condition registered in 2022. Thus, the millet average yields was of 3144 kg/ha when it was sown with a seed rate of 10 kg/ha, 3324 kg/ha at a seed rate of 14 kg/ha and 3517 kg/ha when the seed rate was 18 kg/ha. Regarding the foliar fertilization of the millet crop, the yields values, both the highest and the lowest, were recorded for the Marius variety sown with a seed rate of 10 kg/ha and foliar fertilized with the commercial product Terra Sorb (2.0 l/ha) (3687 kg/ha), respectively with the commercial product Albit (0.04 l/ha) (3048 kg/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is a globally valued and sought-after crop due to its high protein and oil content in the beans, as well as its ecological adaptability. Water is an indispensable component for plant life, and its absence is the most important abiotic factor negatively influencing the quality and quantity of agricultural yields. Analyzing the climatic conditions in Central Moldavia, there has been an observed increase in temperatures in recent years, coupled with a reduction in precipitation. This paper presents the results obtained from a bifactorial experiment aimed at determining the influence of growth regulators on the water regime of soybean plants in response to climate change, achieved through the application of different growth regulator treatments. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni in the year 2023. According to the determinations made, the rate of dehydration varied both according to the soybean variety and the applied treatment. In the first hour of dehydration, the percentage values of total water content ranged from 79.92 % (untreated Onix variety) to 92.79 % (Iris variety treated with Toprex), and after 24 hours, the values of total water content ranged from 25.69 % (Ziana variety treated with Moddus Evo) to 33.54 % (Iris variety treated with Toprex). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important factors contributing to increased yield is represented by crop rotation, which by alternation can reduce or prevent infestation with weeds, pathogens, plant and soil pests, but can improve the texture and structure of the soil so that the next crop can capitalize these benefits. Considering that the grain yield of straw cereals is influenced by the number of ears per surface unit, the number of grains per ear but also by the individual weight of the grain, this study was carried to determine which preceding crop favorably influences the yiled of grains to the triticale crop. The experience was placed in the experimental field at A.R.D.S. Secuieni, and followed the influence of three preceding plants: soybeans, sunflower and corn on grain yield at two triticale varieties: Haiduc and Utrifun. Following research, the best average yields were obtained when the triticale was cultivated after corn and soybeans. Of the two varieties of triticale, Utrifun stood out for its superior yields, with average values between 6213 kg⋅ha-1 and 8277 kg⋅ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results regarding the evolution of monoecious hemp crop on the yield of seeds, stems and fiber, by fallowing the Secuieni Method under the pedoclimatic conditions in the Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț (A.R.D.S. Secuieni, Neamț). The experience takes place in the experimental field of the unit, and it is a multifactorial experience, of the type 3 x 2 x 3, in three repetitions: A factor - variety (Denise, Diana, Dacia), B factor - distance between rows (25 cm; 50 cm), C factor - „Secuieni metho" (uncut, one cut, two cuts). On average, during the three years of experimentation, the above factors greatly influenced the seed yield obtained, which varied widely, from 806 kg • ha-1 (Denise x 50 cm x uncut) to 1117 kg • ha-1 (Dacia x 50 cm x two cuttings). Regarding the yield of stems, this also varied quite a lot, from 9219 kg • ha-1 (Denise x 50 cm x two cuttings) up to 12634 kg • ha-1 (Dacia x 50 cm x uncut). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the national level, the areas cultivated with millet are very small, this species is not in the attention of researchers and farmers, therefore the information and studies about millet are limited. Starting from 2022, at the Agricultural Research - Development Station Secuieni, research was initiated on the behavior and productivity of five millet genotypes (Panicum miliaceum L.), the results obtained are presented in the present paper. Among the genotypes studied (the variety Marius, the local population Secuieni and the three genotypes from the Vegetal Genetic Resources Bank "Mihai Cristea" Suceava is noted a good adaptability of the species to the A.R.D.S. Secuieni area's pedology and the 2022's climatic conditions. Thus, the average grain yield of the tested millet genotypes was 2528 kg/ha - for the variants sown at 12,5 cm distance between rows, 2328 kg/ha - for variants sown at 25 cm distance between rows and 2221 kg/ha - for the varieties sown at 50 cm distance between rows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is cultivated on 2,678.5 thousand ha in Romania, and its cultivation on large areas attracts a number of pests that attack various parts of the plant in different developmental phases. One of these dangerous pests is Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., a species that occurs during the growing season of maize and causes production losses by the attack on the stem and cob. The larvae produce various attacks, influenced by climatic conditions, the frequency of attacked plants being between 15.7 and 67.9% in the south-west of the country, in the south-east of the country varies between 43.3-79.4%, in the Transylvanian Plain has values between 60.00% and 81.88%, in the west of the country the attack is around 41%, and in the east of the country by 30.20%. The importance of attacks by Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. at maize led to the initiation of studies in 2019 at the A.R.D.S. Secuieni to determine the influence of technological factors on the parameters of attack (frequency of attack, average number of holes, galleries and larvae and average length of gallery) produced by larvae. For the maize sown in epochs, the optimal epoch, the IIIrd, recorded the lowest values of the parameters: the frequency of the attack was 18.65%, were identified 0.60 holes/plant, 0.39 galleries/plant and 0.38 larvae/plant, and the average length of the galleries was 8.39 cm. The behavior of genotypes at the attack produced by larvae varied within very wide limits, the frequency of the attack was between 36.56% at the early genotype Vibrion and reached 48.50% at the late genotype Olt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes the results obtained after testing in multiannual comparative crops of a twelve national varieties of winter wheat, thus aiming to introduce into the crop genotypes that have high adaptability to pedo–climatic conditions specific to Central Moldova and thus a stability of production. These tests were performed at Agricultural Research – Development Station Secuieni, and the material used in the field experience came from National Agricultural Reasearch and Development Institute Fundulea and Agricultural Research – Development Station Turda The studied genotypes showed the following variation of the average production: 4109 kg/ha (2019) – 3522 kg/ha (2020) – 8711 kg/ha (2021). The low productivity in the first two years of experimentation is the result of unfavorable climatic conditions for winter wheat cultivation characterized in the first agricultural year (2018 – 2019) by a dry autumn and in the second agricultural year (2019 – 2020) by a dry spring. The Semnal variety presented the highest average productivity (6501 kg/ha) and a notable adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions, which is why we recommend it to be introduced in the zonal culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soybeans is an important source of protein because the amount of protein in a hectare of soybeans is higher than in any other crop. It has a wide range of uses, and it can be used in many areas: for food production, for food and as fuel. Considering the growing interest, in recent years, for this crop, at the ARDS Secuieni a number of ten soybean varieties have been experimented, Carla TD, Larisa, Caro TD, Ilinca TD, Bia TD, Ada TD, Teo TD, Miruna TD, Felicia TD, Onix, creations of the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, in order to establish their adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area. On average, the factors studied greatly influenced soybean production, which varied widely, from 2687 kg/ha, to Felicia TD variety to 3409 kg/ha to Larisa variety. Regarding the correlation between soybean production and the protein production obtained, it is observed that there is a direct correlation, the correlation coefficients calculated being statistically assured and interpreted as very significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades in Romania and in many other regions of the world, there is a high frequency of drought years, to three years out of every five. This climate negatively affects the productivity of agricultural crops, and agricultural research must find solutions to diversify the assortment of crops that in tougher environmental conditions guarantee the stability and profitability of agriculture. One of the safest solutions is the cultivation of sorghum, whether for grain or biomass, which due to good drought resistance, the ability to withstand high temperatures and capitalize on poorly fertile land is superior by the yields of all crops and especially, cereals and fodder plants. In the pedoclimatic conditions from the Center of Moldova, starting with 2018 year, were initiated some researches regarding the optimization of the cultivation technology for grain sorghum, in order to create a technology in relation to the new climatic conditions and in relation to the protection of the environment. The results obtained on average over two agricultural years, 2018 and 2019, indicated a very large variation of grain production depending on the sowing density provided and on the applied mineral fertilizers, this being between 4074 kg/ha and 10234 kg/ha. The best results were obtained in the variants sown with 30 g.g./sqm and fertilized with N150P80 with and without the application of the biostimulator Aminosol. From the point of view of economic efficiency, the variant sown with 30 g.g./sqm and fertilized with N150P80 was the most profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first report of the species Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in Romania in 1898, the insect spread and is currently present in all corn crops in our country. The production losses that the insect produces vary from one year to another, from one field to another, one of the factors influencing the reduction of the attack is the cultivated maize hybrid. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained in 2019, where was studied the influence of the precocity group and the hybrid variety on the attack level produced by the european corn borers larvae in the conditions of the Center of Moldova. The studied maize hybrids show different values of the attack produced by the Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. larvae. Depending on the maturity group, the genotypes that recorded high attack values are those from FAO groups 400 - 430 (Kerala and Olt), followed by semi-early hybrids in FAO groups 370-380, and the lowest attack was recorded by the hybrid Vibrion maize classified as FAO maturity group 290. Of the three maize varieties tested, the sweet hybrid was the most affected by the european corn borer larvae attack followed by the dentate ones from the semi-early maturity groups and the flint variety (Vibrion) was not affected due to the short period of vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp is part of the textile plants group with high-value for human and industrial use. Hemp has over 25,000 uses, ranging from food, paints and fuels to clothing and building materials. Hemp is currently considered to be a plant of increasing importance for Europe, being used for fiber and oil extraction and as medicinal plant. Hemp fibers are the most resistant plant fibers and as such, in the past, they were the most prized raw material of the textile industry worldwide. In this paper we present the results regarding the evolution of monoecious hemp crop on the production of stems and fiber, under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Center of Moldova, between 2012 - 2015. The biological material used was represented by three varieties created at A.R.D.S. Secuieni, respectively, Denise, Diana and Dacia and were sown at a distance of 12.5 cm, 25 cm respectively 50 cm between rows. The obtained results revealed that the studied factors influenced to a great extent the production of stems, which varied widely, ranging from 8113 kg / ha to the Denise variety at a distance of 12.5 cm in 2015 (agricultural year characterized as very dry from pluviometric point of view), and the highest yields were obtained at the Denise variety of 15683 kg / ha, at a distance of 25 cm in 2013 (agricultural year characterized as normal from rainfall point of view). On average, for the four years studied, the highest obtained production of fiber was achieved by Dacia variety, at 12.5 cm, of 3388 kg / ha, and the lowest yield of 2546 kg / ha was achieved by Denise variety at a distance of 50 cm between rows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]