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RESUMEN En este artículo, se socializan los resultados, la metodología, el marco referencial del proyecto de investigación titulado Efecto convergencia, en Colombia, de las NCIF, en los establecimientos bancarios emisores de valores. El análisis de la convergencia de las Normas de Contabilidad y de Información Financiera (NCIF) se hizo según la Ley 1314 de 2009, reglamentadas por el Decreto 2420 de 2015 y anteriores; y con las instrucciones de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC). Lo que se pretendía era identificar: a) las variaciones en los elementos en el estado de situación financiera para la elaboración del Estado de Situación Financiera de Apertura (ESFA), en el período de transición, al 31 de diciembre de 2014; b) el comportamiento del otro resultado integral (ORI), en los períodos 2015 y 2016, con el nuevo modelo. El trabajo incorpora el análisis de siete entidades objeto del estudio, con base en la información financiera en los años 2013, 2014, 2015 y 2016. Se concluye que las variaciones no fueron tan significativas, en tanto que el ORI tuvo aumento del 21,64% en los períodos 2015 y 2016. CÓDIGOS JEL M4 ABSTRACT In this article, the Results, the Methodology, the Referential Framework of the research project titled Effect convergence, in Colombia, of the NCIF, in the banking establishments that issue securities are socialized. The analysis of the convergence of the Accounting and Financial Information Standards (NCIF) was done according to Law 1314 of 2009, regulated by Decree 2420 of 2015 and earlier; and with the instructions of the Financial Superintendence of Colombia (SFC). The purpose was to identify: a) the changes in the elements in the statement of financial position for the preparation of the Opening Financial Statements (ESFA), in the transition period, as of December 31, 2014; b) the behavior of other comprehensive income (ORI), in the periods 2015 and 2016, with the new model. The work incorporates the analysis of seven entities object of the study based on the financial information in the years 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. It is concluded that the variations were not as significant, while the ORI had an increase of 21.64 % in the periods 2015 and 2016. CLASSIFICATION M4 RESUMO Neste artigo, os resultados, a metodologia, o referencial do projeto de pesquisa intitulado Efeito convergência, na Colômbia, do NCIF, nos estabelecimentos bancários que emitem titulos, são socializados. Análise da convergência das Normas Contabilisticas e de Relato Financeiro (NCRF) foi feita de acordo com a Lei 1.314 de 2009, regulamentada pelo Decreto 2.420 de 2015 e mais cedo; e com as instruções da Superintendência Financeira da Colombia (SFC). O objetivo foi identificar: a) as mudanças nos elementos no balanço patrimonial para a preparação das Demonstrações Contábeis de Abertura (ESFA), no período de transição, em 31 de dezembro de 2014; b) o comportamento de outro resultado abrangente (ORI), nos períodos de 2015 e 2016, no novo modelo. O trabalho incluia análise de sete entidades em estudo, com base em informações financeiras em 2013, 2014, 2015 e 2016. Concluiu-se que as mudanças não foram tão significativos, enquanto o ORI tinha aumentado 21,64 % nos períodos 2015 e 2016. CLASSIFICAÇÕES JEL M4

This report reflects significant changes in European Union (EU) corporate financial reporting since 2011. In June 2013, a new accounting directive was adopted, replacing the fourth and seventh directives on company law. A directive amending the 2006 audit directive and a new audit regulation addressing oversight of the most significant audits were adopted in April 2014. The new legislation, summarized in this guide, is a result of several years of drafting and discussions following the financial crisis of 2008 and it represent a landmark in the EU’s efforts to strengthen its corporate sector accounting and auditing. The accounting directive seeks to enhance the quality of financial reporting and expand it, especially with regard to public interest entities, while reducing the administrative burden for smaller companies. The new audit reporting requirements introduced by the regulation are expected to increase the usefulness of statutory audits of public interest entities, such as listed companies, credit institutions, and insurance undertakings, and reduce risks of excessive familiarity between statutory auditors and their clients, encourage professional skepticism, and limit conflicts of interest. The audit directive and the regulation will bring more consistency in audit oversight and quality assurance systems across Europe. Implementation will involve significant challenges and require increased resources to ensure systems function effectively.

How many and which firms issue equity and bonds in domestic and international markets, how do these firms grow relative to non-issuing firms, and how does firm performance vary along the firm size distribution? To evaluate these questions, a new data set is constructed by matching data on firm-level capital raising activity with balance sheet data for 45,527 listed firms in 51 countries. Three main patterns emerge from the analysis. (1) Only a few large firms issue equity or bonds, and among them a small subset has raised a large proportion of the funds raised during the 1990s and 2000s. (2) Issuers grow faster than non-issuers in assets, sales, and employment, that is, firms do not simply use securities markets to adjust their financial accounts. (3) The firm size distribution of issuers evolves differently from that of non-issuers, tightening among issuers and widening among non-issuers.

Detailed principles of accounting for financial instruments have been prescribed in Financial Instruments Regulation, but some general principles in that area have also been outlined in the Accounting Act. According to article 3, paragraph 1, point 23 of the accounting act, financial instrument is defined as any contract giving rise to financial assets of one entity and a financial liability or an equity instrument of another entity, on condition that the contract concluded by two or more parties clearly results in economic effects, irrespective of whether the execution of contractual rights or obligations in unconditional or conditional. Financial assets include: monetary assets (assets in the form of domestic currency, foreign currencies and foreign exchange instruments and other financial assets, in particular accrued interest on financial assets, equity instruments issued by other entities, and contractual right to receive monetary assets or to exchange financial instruments with another entity under favorable conditions. Equity instruments are defined as contracts which give right to assets of an entity which remain after satisfying or securing all its creditors, as well as an obligation of an entity to issue or deliver its own equity instruments, in particular shares, share options or warrants.

This aim of this report is to assess the accounting and financial auditing standards and practices in Burkina Faso in the private and semipublic sectors, using as benchmarks International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and taking into account the good practices noted in the international sphere in these two areas. The main objective of this assessment is to make recommendations aimed at strengthening accounting, financial auditing, and financial transparency practices in the private sector and semipublic enterprises in Burkina Faso. The development objectives associated with these recommendations are as follows: (i) stimulating private investment and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises; (ii) improving governance in the private market and semipublic sector; and (iii) achieving greater integration of the Burkinabe economy at the regional and international levels.

This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Ukraine is part of a joint initiative of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting and includes both a review of both mandatory requirements and actual practice. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practice in the field of accounting and auditing regulation. All the key economic sectors in Ukraine rely on high quality financial information, which requires high quality private sector accounting and auditing. As Ukraine moves towards further reforms, liberalization and deregulation in efforts to foster an investment-friendly business environment enhanced financial transparency and improved accounting and auditing practices must support this. In this context, this report sets out policy recommendations to enhance the quality of corporate financial reporting and foster a financial reporting platform conducive to sustainable private and financial sector growth, thus increasing access to global financial markets and other tools of the market economy.

Unless developing countries embrace a corporate governance perspective, privatization is unlikely to provide the benefits of improved performance with accountability. This article introduces the concept of governance chains that can constrain the grabbing hands of public and private actors by providing information and accountability mechanisms to help investors monitor managers. Empirical data on established firms from 49 countries provide estimates of the relative importance and strength of private and formal chains of governance. The framework and empirical benchmarks help explain the outcomes of past privatizations and suggest certain steps that governments can pursue to be sure to get the most out of future privatization activity.