1. Invited Review
- Author
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Elżbieta Fortuna-Zaleśna, Bastiaan J. Braams, Daisuke Nishijima, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, R.P. Doerner, Marek Rubel, E. Safi, Dmitriy Borodin, Kalle Heinola, Christian Linsmeier, Kai Nordlund, Anna Widdowson, Christian Hill, Michael Probst, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Gregory De Temmerman, Juri Romazanov, S. Brezinsek, Institut des Hautes Etudes pour l’Innovation et l’Entrepreneuriat (IHEIE) (IHEIE), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Center for Energy Research [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, European Project, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam (CWI), The Netherlands, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, University of California-University of California, University of Helsinki, University of Innsbruck, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), and Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanosciences
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,JET-ILW ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Nuclear engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,114 Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,ISOTOPE RETENTION ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,NEUTRON-IRRADIATED BERYLLIUM ,0103 physical sciences ,Plasma-facing material ,010306 general physics ,Erosion-deposition ,Erosion–deposition ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,DEUTERIUM RETENTION ,TK9001-9401 ,CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS ,Dust ,Plasma ,Research needs ,respiratory tract diseases ,ION-BEAM ANALYSIS ,ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,Hydrogen fuel ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,TRITIUM RELEASE ,Erosion ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,Environmental science ,ITER-LIKE WALL ,Critical assessment ,Beryllium ,BE-9(P,ALPHA(0))LI-6 CROSS-SECTIONS ,Literature survey ,Controlled fusion ,ddc:624 - Abstract
International audience; ITER will use beryllium as a plasma-facing material in the main chamber, covering a total surface area of about 620 m. Given the importance of beryllium erosion and co-deposition for tritium retention in ITER, significant efforts have been made to understand the behaviour of beryllium under fusion-relevant conditions with high particle and heat loads. This paper provides a comprehensive report on the state of knowledge of beryllium behaviour under fusion-relevant conditions: the erosion mechanisms and their consequences, beryllium migration in JET, fuel retention and dust generation. The paper reviews basic laboratory studies, advanced computer simulations and experience from laboratory plasma experiments in linear simulators of plasma–wall interactions and in controlled fusion devices using beryllium plasma-facing components. A critical assessment of analytical methods and simulation codes used in beryllium studies is given. The overall objective is to review the existing set of data with a broad literature survey and to identify gaps and research needs to broaden the database for ITER.
- Published
- 2021
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