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Objectives: White spot lesions are more susceptible to staining agents due to their porous structure. This study examines the impact of white spot lesion treatments on discoloration caused by pediatric supplements. Method and materials: Three treatments (fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP], resin infiltration), a control, and their respective syrup-based subgroups (iron and black elderberry syrups) were established, each with eight teeth. Artificial white spot lesions were induced, and weekly applications of fluoride varnish, daily applications of CPP-ACP paste, or a single resin infiltration procedure were performed on the white spot lesions within the treatment groups over 4 weeks. Simultaneously, samples were exposed daily to iron or black elderberry syrups. Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline, after demineralization (T0), and after 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 4 weeks (T4). ΔE00 values were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using a three-way mixed-design ANOVA, with the significance level set at P = .05. Results: At T4, ΔE00 values from all groups exceeded the clinical acceptability limit of 1.8. At T2 and T4, the ΔE00 values obtained from the black elderberry syrup subgroups were significantly higher (P < .001). At T4, the highest ΔE00 values were seen in the CPP-ACP groups (P < .001). The lowest ΔE00 values at T2 and T4 were observed in the resin infiltration groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Supplements containing ferrous sulfate and black elderberry extract caused color changes in white spot lesions that exceeded the clinical acceptability limit. Resin infiltration of white spot lesions provides advantages over remineralization treatments, particularly in minimizing discoloration induced by pediatric supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) receptors are overexpressed in PCa. In this study, we have developed iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) functionalized with the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) ligands for dual targeting of Prostate cancer. Methods: IONs were developed with a thin silica layer on their surface with MPTES (carrying -SH groups, IONs-SH), and they were coupled either with a pharmacophore targeting PSMA (IONs-PSMA) or with bombesin peptide (IONs-BN), targeting GRP receptors, or with both (IONs-PSMA/BN). The functionalized IONs were characterized for their size, zeta potential, and efficiency of functionalization using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the aforementioned types of IONs were radiolabeled directly with Technetium-99m (99mTc) and evaluated for their radiolabeling efficiency, stability, and binding ability on two different PCa cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP). Results and Discussion: The MTT assay demonstrated low toxicity of the IONs against PC3 and LNCaP cells, while the performed wound-healing assay further proved that these nanostructures did not affect cellular growth mechanisms. The observed hemolysis ratio after co-incubation with red blood cells was extremely low. Furthermore, the 99mTc-radiolabeled IONs showed good stability in human serum, DTPA, and histidine, and high specific binding rates in cancer cells, supporting their future utilization as potential diagnostic tools for PCa with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Poor bioavailability may contribute to iron deficiency among children in high-resource countries, but iron bioavailability of Australian pre-schooler diets is unknown. This study aimed to estimate the bioavailability of Australian pre-schooler iron intakes across the day and by eating occasions to identify optimal timing for intervention, by using five previously developed algorithms, and to estimate the proportion of children with intakes of absorbable iron below the requirements. Methods: Dietary data of children aged 2 to < 6 y (n = 812) from the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were collected via two 24-h recalls. Usual food and nutrient intakes were estimated via Multiple Source Method. Phytate, polyphenol, and heme iron values were sourced from international databases or the literature. Five previously published algorithms were applied to observed dietary data to estimate iron bioavailability and calculate the prevalence of children with intakes of absorbable iron below requirements. Results: Pre-schooler daily iron bioavailability was low (2.7–10.5%) and corresponded to intakes of 0.18–0.75 mg/d of absorbable iron. The proportion of children with inadequate intakes of absorbable iron ranged between 32 and 98%. For all eating occasions, dinner offered iron of the greatest bioavailability (4.2–16.4%), while iron consumed at breakfast was of the lowest bioavailability (1.2–5.6%). Conclusion: Future strategies are required to improve intakes of bioavailable iron for pre-schoolers to prevent the risk of deficiency. These strategies could include the encouragement of concomitant consumption of enhancers of iron absorption with iron-rich sources, particularly at breakfast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragment of Calama 009 L6 ordinary chondrite recovered in the Atacama Desert was chosen for a complex study of the bulk interior and the fusion crust by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. SEM demonstrated the presence of Fe‐Ni‐Co grains, troilite and chromite inclusions in both the bulk interior and the fusion crust as well as many veins with ferric compound. EDS showed variations in the Ni concentration within the metal grains and within one metal phase in the grain. XRD revealed some differences in the contents of various phases in the bulk interior and in the fusion crust. XRD indicated the presence of magnesioferrite in the fusion crust as well as the formation of goethite nanoparticles with the mean size of 9 nm in both the bulk interior and the fusion crust. Magnetization measurements demonstrated the ferrimagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition in chromite at 44 K and low values of the saturation magnetization moments (6.46 and 3.26 emu g−1 at 100 K) for the bulk interior and the fusion crust, respectively, due to the lack of Fe‐Ni‐Co alloy as a result of weathering. The Mössbauer spectra of the bulk interior and the fusion crust showed some differences in the number and relative areas of spectral components. The revealing of the Mössbauer spectral components related to 57Fe in the M1 and M2 sites in olivine and orthopyroxene as well as determining the Fe2+ occupations of these sites from XRD permitted us to estimate the temperature of equilibrium cation distribution for these silicates which are (i) 662 K (XRD) and 706 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for olivine and (ii) 893 K (XRD) and 910 K (Mössbauer spectroscopy) for orthopyroxene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of two chlorophyll derivatives, sodium copper chlorophyllin (Cu‐Chl) and sodium iron chlorophyllin (Fe‐Chl), on the bond strength between a self‐curing luting agent (4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin) and dentin. Five aqueous primers containing 35% 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate with 0.007% Cu‐Chl, 0.07% Cu‐Chl, 0.007% Fe‐Chl, 0.07% Fe‐Chl, or neither Cu‐Chl nor Fe‐Chl (no‐Chl) were prepared. The extracted human dentin surfaces were etched with 10% phosphoric acid (10PA), primed, and bonded to a resin block using the 4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin. A conventional etching agent (10‐3) and 10PA without primer (PA/no‐primer) were used as controls. The microtensile bond strength was determined after 48 h. The arithmetic medians for 20 stick specimens were calculated and statistically analyzed using a nonparametric Steel‐Dwass test (α = 0.05). The maximum bond strength was achieved in the 0.007% Cu‐Chl group, followed by those in the 0.07% Cu‐Chl, 0.07% Fe‐Chl, 10‐3, 0.007% Fe‐Chl, no‐Chl, and PA/no‐primer groups. No significant difference was observed between 0.007% Fe‐Chl, 0.07% Fe‐Chl, and 10‐3. The bond strength to dentin etched with 10PA was influenced by the type and concentration of the chlorophyll derivatives applied. Cu‐Chl rather than Fe‐Chl should be useful as a component of surface treatment agents for bonding 4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin to dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methanolic extract of Indigofera dosua leaves was subjected to GC-MS analysis, its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Sixteen compounds were identified having resorcinol TMS derivatives, propanoic acid, dimethyl(ethenyl)silyl ester, 4-O-methylmannose, hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatriene-1-ol, and phytol as major components. FRAP content was 40.24 ± 0.54AAE/g, and the IC50 values were 8.25 ± 0.04 µg mL−1 and 19.05 ± 0.15 µg mL−1 when employing DPPH and ABTS, respectively. Total phenolics (50.2 ± 0.48 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (5.33 ± 0.40 mg QE/g) were estimated. Antibacterial activity was observed, showing significant inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis with MIC values 12.5 and 25 mg mL−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) allows for rapid and total correction of iron deficiency with a lower risk of hypersensitivity reactions compared to other IV iron preparations. However, FCM is associated with potentially serious adverse events, including hypophosphatemia, following the infusion. The mechanism behind FCM-induced hypophosphatemia is not well understood, but pre-existing risk factors can increase the likelihood of severe and persistent hypophosphatemia. We report a clinical case of a male patient who developed severe hypophosphatemia (1.0 mg/dL) after administration of FCM for the treatment of post-cardiotomy normocytic anemia. He required hospital admission and 16 weeks of phosphorous supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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High-temperature lubrication has always been a hot topic in the lubricant and grease industry, and is also an essential concern in the high-end equipment sector to be addressed. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging material widely applied in the field of lubrication, owing to their exceptional lubricity and high load-bearing capacity. However, the vulnerability of CQDs to oxidation in air and reduced stability dramatically restrict their high-temperature application capability. In this study, a nanocomposite of amphiphilic polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymer with excellent lubricating properties and thermal stability, which is hydrogen bonded to CQDs (CQDs@PVP), was designed to achieve low friction and wear of lubricants at high temperatures. The CQDs@PVP are consistently dispersed in both PEG400 and water, and exhibit superior lubricity compared to unmodified CQDs at high temperatures (ranging from 200–150 °C and 90.50 °C). Meanwhile, the dense carbon film on the wear surface and the chemically reactive film of iron compounds directly contribute to the enhanced lubrication performance. These analytical results demonstrate the powerful candidacy of CQDs@PVP as a lubrication additive and promote future high-temperature applications of CQDs in industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new salts of a mononuclear tripodal Fe(II) complex were prepared, using ClO4- and Cl-. The ClO4- sample (1) remained HS at low temperatures, similar to the previously reported BF4- analogue. Crystallising with the Cl- anion (2) led to a markedly different crystal packing arrangement, and engen- dered SCO activity. This has been correlated to the lower crystal packing density in 2 and the coordination complex conformational differences arising due to the packing motifs of 1 and 2. Further, solvent ordering effects have been proposed to facilitate spin transition behaviour in 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C-Nitroso compounds (RNO, R = alkyl and aryl) are byproducts of drug metabolism and bind to heme proteins, and their heme-RNO adducts are isoelectronic to ferrous nitroxyl (NO−/HNO) complexes. Importantly, heme-HNO compounds are key intermediates in the reduction of NO to N2O and nitrite to ammonium in the nitrogen cycle. Ferrous heme-RNO complexes act as stable analogs of these species, potentially allowing for the investigation of the vibrational and electronic properties of unstable heme-HNO intermediates. In this paper, a series of six-coordinate ferrous heme-RNO complexes (where R = iPr and Ph) were prepared using the TPP2− and 3,5-Me-BAFP2− co-ligands, and tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, and 1-methylimidazole as the axial ligands (bound trans to RNO). These complexes were characterized using different spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. The complex [Fe(TPP)(THF)(iPrNO)] was further utilized for nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS), allowing for the detailed assignment of the Fe–N(R)O vibrations of a heme-RNO complex for the first time. The vibrational properties of these species were then correlated with those of their HNO analogs, using DFT calculations. Our studies support previous findings that RNO ligands in ferrous heme complexes do not elicit a significant trans effect. In addition, the complexes are air-stable, and do not show any reactivity of their RNO ligands towards NO. So although ferrous heme-RNO complexes are suitable structural and electronic models for their HNO analogs, they are unsuitable to model the reactivity of heme-HNO complexes. We further investigated the reaction of our heme-RNO complexes with different Lewis acids. Here, [Fe(TPP)(THF)(iPrNO)] was found to be unreactive towards Lewis acids. In contrast, [Fe(3,5-Me-BAFP)(iPrNO)2] is reactive towards all of the Lewis acids investigated here, but in most cases the iron center is simply oxidized, resulting in the loss of the iPrNO ligand. In the case of the Lewis acid B2(pin)2, the reduced product [Fe(3,5-Me-BAFP)(iPrNH2)(iPrNO)] was identified by X-ray crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two bidentate ligands (L1 = 1-pentyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole and L2 = 1-heptyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole) were employed for the synthesis of five mononuclear Fe(II) coordination compounds 1–5 containing perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and triflate counterions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the expected molecular structures of all the reported compounds, revealing a moderately distorted octahedral geometry of {FeN6} coordination chromophores. All five compounds exhibit thermal spin crossover with T1/2 temperatures allocated above 400 K. The theoretical calculations supported the experimental magnetic investigation and helped to explain the electronic structures of the reported complexes with respect to the occurrence of thermal spin state switching. In addition, compound 4 was employed for the preparation of Langmuir–Blodgett films and fabrication of molecular films using the method of spontaneous evaporation of the subphase. While the formation of Langmuir–Blodgett films was unsuccessful due to the instability of the compound at the water/air interface, the latter technique allowed the formation of molecular films of 4 with well-defined thickness and homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species causes harm to cell membranes and biomolecules, wherefore chronic diseases develop. Antioxidants scavenge such free radicals combating oxidative stress. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of the aqueous stem bark, root and leaf extracts of Rhaphiolepis bibas against standards. DPPH radical scavenging activity was high from th stem bark extract at 72.33% with root extract at 65.85% and leaf extract at 55.91%, while ascorbic acid scavenged 89.53% of DPPH radicals. The leaf extract had the highest H2O2 scavenging activity of 91.92% with stem bark at 91.17% and the root extracts at 89.12%. The aqueous root extract of R. bibas had a significantly higher FRAP capacity in comparison to the leaf extracts and the stem bark. The abilities to chelate iron by the leaf extract were statistically higher compared to the root and stem bark extracts. Stem bark extracts had the highest phenol content of about 149.44 followed by the root extract at 141.14 and the least amount of phenol was found in the aqueous leaf extract having 73.012 Gallic acid equivalent/g. The root extracts had the highest total flavonoid 377.66-milligram quercetin equivalent/gram dry weight followed by stem bark extract at 255.72 and the least amount was found in aqueous leaf extract having 164.52 mgQE/g of sample dry weight. The existence of secondary metabolites linked to antioxidant action was shown by the qualitative phytochemical screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, thermal analysis, composition phase, microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of Al2O3-based composites with titanium diboride and carbide reinforcements fabricated by in-situ spark plasma sintering method in Al-FeTiO3-B2O3-C alumino-thermic system have been investigated. This research explores the potential of utilizing Kahnuj (Iran-Kerman) ilmenite concentrate as a replacement for TiO2. The results of the thermal analysis demonstrate that aluminothermic reactions significantly intensify after the melting of aluminum and different compounds of iron aluminides (FeAl, Fe2Al5, and Fe3Al) and titanium diboride (TiB2) and carbide (TiC) are formed. Among the different systems of raw materials (Al-FeTiO3-C, Al-FeTiO3-B2O3, and Al + FeTiO3 + C + B2O3) only for system Al + FeTiO3 + B2O3, the intermetallic compounds of Fe3Al and Fe4Al13 are stable. For heat treatment with higher heating rates, the boron oxide participates more effectively in the aluminothermic reaction and the composition of titanium diboride is more noticeably formed. In the condition of 45 MPa in mechanical pressure, argon gas atmosphere with 3 bar pressure, heating rate of 100 °C/min, temperature of 1400 °C with dwelling time of 4 min (Optimum condition) for in-situ SPS processing of Al-FeTiO3-C system, the composite samples with the highest homogeneity in microstructure, density (4.10 g/cm3), hardness (281HV), bending strength (271.5 MPa) and highest wear resistance (Friction coefficient of 0.3 and 0.003 g of weight loss with 500 m of sliding distance) with optimal phase composition (Fe, Al2O3, TiC,...) was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron supplementation is a common method for alleviating symptoms of iron deficiency, but excessive iron intake may lead to systemic copper deficiencies and hypercholesterolemia. In our study, we explored the intricate relationship between dietary iron and copper levels and their impact on cholesterol metabolism. Using a rat model, we conducted dietary interventions with varying iron and copper concentrations and analyzed hepatic transcriptomes. High iron intake coupled with low copper intake induced hypercholesterolemia and altered the expression of genes associated with cholesterol and lipid metabolism, thereby, exacerbating cardiovascular disease risks. Conversely, copper supplementation mitigated these hepatic gene expression alterations, suggesting that dietary copper plays a role in cholesterol regulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and antioxidative pathways in response to high iron intake, while genes involved in cholesterol elimination were downregulated. Furthermore, high iron consumption was associated with cellular apoptosis and the activation of cholesterol synthesis. Our findings underscore the importance of balanced iron and copper intake in cholesterol homeostasis and highlight the potential of copper supplementation for mitigating iron-induced hypercholesterolemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total content, forms, and mineralogy of iron compounds in soils of forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert zones of a large territory from the central chernozem regions to the Caspian lowland and from the Southern Urals to the Kerch Strait are studied. The study covers Chernozems (n = 40), Kastanozems (n = 15), Solonetzes (n = 7), and Calcisols (n = 7). Our results demonstrate the specific features in the distribution of total iron content, mass balance (τFe, Zr), forms of iron compounds, magnetic susceptibility (χ), and mineralogy in soil profiles. The distribution of τFe, Zr in the studied soils reflects the processes and conditions of soil formation, as well as specific lithological features. For a more comprehensive understanding of the transformation of iron compounds in steppe soils, particle-size fractions (<2, 2–5, 5–10, and 10–50 μm) have been analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility methods for Luvic Chernozem, Haplic Kastanozem, Haplic Kastanozem (Endosalic, Cambic), and Luvic Calcisol (Endosalic). In the clay fraction, a large share of Fe3+ is contained in highly dispersed oxides and hydroxides in a superparamagnetic state. In the humus-accumulative horizons of steppe soils, a decrease in the Fe2+ fraction in aluminosilicates caused by weathering is recorded. The observed correlation of the goethite/(hematite + goethite) ratio in humus-accumulative soil horizons with climatic parameters suggests the possibility to apply it for future paleoclimatic reconstructions. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows a significant increase in the content of nonsilicate iron in the humus-accumulative horizons of steppe soils as compared with the soil-forming material, which is an important confirmation for the formation of iron oxides during pedogenesis. A comparison of the methods for assaying nonsilicate iron in soils (Mössbauer spectroscopy and Mehra–Jackson extraction) demonstrates considerable differences in the results, suggesting that the chemical technique underestimates the amount of free iron forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 15-year-old girl with migratory joint pain, rash, and respiratory symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Topics discussed include the diagnostic challenges of pulmonary hemorrhage, the role of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides in such presentations, and the management strategies involving corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Background/Objectives: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is marked by hypoxia, inflammation, and secondary iron overload (IO), which potentially modulate hepcidin, the pivotal hormone governing iron homeostasis. The aim was to evaluate the iron incorporation in red blood cells (RBC) in SCA pediatric patients, considering the presence or absence of IO. Subjects/Methods: SCA children (n = 12; SCAtotal) ingested an oral stable iron isotope (57Fe) and iron incorporation in RBC was measured after 14 days. Patients with ≥1000 ng/mL serum ferritin were considered to present IO (SCAio+; n = 4) while the others were classified as being without IO (SCAio−; n = 8). Liver iron concentration (LIC) was determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T2* method. Results: The SCAio+ group had lower iron incorporation (mean ± SD: 0.166 ± 0.04 mg; 3.33 ± 0.757%) than SCAio− patients (0.746 ± 0.303 mg; 14.9 ± 6.05%) (p = 0.024). Hepcidin was not different between groups. Iron incorporation was inversely associated with serum ferritin level (SCAtotal group: r = −0.775, p = 0.041; SCAio− group: r = −0.982; p = 0.018) and sickle hemoglobin (HbS) presented positive correlation with iron incorporation (r = 0.991; p = 0.009) in SCAio− group. LIC was positively associated with ferritin (SCAtotal: r = 0.921; p = 0.026) and C reactive protein (SCAio+: r = 0.999; p = 0.020). Conclusion: SCAio+ group had lower iron incorporation in RBC than SCAio− group, suggesting that they may not need to reduce their intake of iron-rich food, as usually recommended. Conversely, a high percentage of HbS may indirectly exacerbate hypoxia and seems to increase iron incorporation in RBC. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br. Identifier RBR-4b7v8pt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, copper slag is used as the heat carrier of coal gasification reaction, and CaO is used as the CO 2 adsorbent of syngas to solve the problem of high cost of heat source and high proportion of CO 2 produced by coal gasification. When copper slag is used as the heat carrier, the adsorption effect of CaO on CO 2 is most pronounced at temperatures of 600 °C and 700 °C, with CO 2 proportion reduced to 8% and H 2 proportion reaching 65%. Additionally, CaO exhibits a significant promotion effect on carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency at temperatures above 800 °C, with the maximum carbon conversion rate reaching 89% and the highest gasification efficiency reaching 78%. At low temperatures, CaO primarily functions in gas phase reaction, such as WGS reactions, hydrocarbon reforming reactions, tar reforming reactions, and pyrolysis reactions. As the temperature increases, CaO primarily functions in gas-solid reactions such as oxidation reactions and secondary water gas reactions. In high-temperature environments, iron compounds present in copper slag undergo iron reduction reactions, while the Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 compound formed from the reaction of CaO and Fe significantly promotes reforming reactions. • The copper slag is used as the heat carrier, and the waste heat in the copper slag is utilized. • CaO was selected as the adsorbent, and the synergistic effect with copper slag was found during adsorption. • The proportion of H 2 in syngas can be increased to 89 %. • The reaction mechanism of different temperature stages was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated and compared the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Vernonia amygdalina Del leaves. Methanolic and aqueous extracts showed high (P ≤ 0.05) extract yields (in %), compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts from both V. amygdalina and A. indica leaves. The study exhibited high phytochemical content in methanol and aqueous extracts compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, confirming the potential for medicinal use. V. amygdalina methanol and aqueous extracts had higher (P ≤ 0.05) total phenolic content (TPC), in mg GAE/gDW, (158.810±0.846 and 217.883±0.265, respectively) than chloroform (37.574±0.118) and ethyl acetate (104.758±0.236) but higher ethyl acetate content in A. indica extracts. Low polar solvents extracted high (P ≤ 0.05) total flavonoids, in mgQE/gDW, (367.051±0.858 and 149.808±0.009) compared to high polar solvents (14.863±0.071 and 54.226±0.014) in V. amygdalina while as in A. indica leaf extracts, low polar solvents showed high TFC (658.469±3.451 and 275.288±10.490) compared to high polar solvents (26.312±0.063 and 48.858±0.063) respectively. In vitro total antioxidant capacity, in mg/g, was higher in polar solvents than in low-polar solvents, ranging from 34.300±1.784 to 121.015±6.839 for A. indica ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. A strong correlation between TPC and tannic acid content was observed, except in A. indica methanolic extracts of A. indica. Ferric reducing power was high, except for V. amygdalina chloroform and methanol leaf extracts, which were lower (P≤ 0.05) than that of the standard ascorbic acid. The study revealed that high polar solvents, such as methanol and water, are more efficient in the extraction of antioxidants from A. indica but lower in V. amygdalina extracts. High phytochemical content and antioxidative capacity could be significant in treating various diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many drastic actions are taken by cocaine users for the sake of experiencing high levels of dopamine, which depends on iron for its synthesis. Dopamine depletion and iron deficiency are also involved in the symptoms of restless leg syndrome (RLS). The intersecting biochemical pathways of cocaine use, iron deficiency, and RLS have not been adequately investigated. This case report reveals the successful treatment of a patient experiencing these conditions. A 63-year-old male with a history of cocaine use disorder, insomnia, and RLS sought emergency care for suicidality. Upon admission, he was also found to be iron deficient. He revealed that his RLS worsened when he attempted to abstain from cocaine. He also used alcohol to sustain the effects of cocaine when the cost of cocaine was too high. During hospitalization, his mood, cravings, and RLS were resolved with adjunctive iron supplementation, as well as treatment with 300 mg of Wellbutrin (bupropion hydroxychloride). If iron deficiency is present, the replenishment of the adequate dopaminergic receptor density and function via supplementation may play an essential role in the prevention of cocaine use and the cessation of cocaine withdrawal symptoms. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to investigate the implications of iron supplementation in addiction medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a highly malignant and drug-resistant disease that imposes a substantial economic burden on the world. There are many studies linking trace elements to diverse types of cancers, including melanoma. This review elucidates the relationship between trace elements exposure and melanoma. It was identified that copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, iron, and many other trace elements were associated with melanoma in humans. In terms of epidemiology, different elements have different correlations with melanoma. These trace elements affect the occurrence and development of melanoma through various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and the MAPK pathway. The literature on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma depicts promising prospects for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes experimental studies on low friction film formation of molybdenum phosphate (MoP) in combination with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP). The spinning type friction tests were conducted, and in the test procedure, the test using ZnDTP containing oil was conducted following the test using MoP oil. The results showed that after switching to ZnDTP, the friction coefficient steeply decreased and reached approximately 0.06 in 1,353 ppm of sulfur concentration, and minimum friction coefficient depended on the concentration of sulfur in the oil with ZnDTP. Moreover, it is shown that the friction coefficient gradually increased, and that the coefficient at 1 h after switching to ZnDTP corresponded to that in ZnDTP alone. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that, at 5 min after switching to ZnDTP, the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film was formed on the contact surface. Also, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis results indicated that at 1 h after switching to ZnDTP, the film derived from ZnDTP was composed of phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur. These results suggest the film formation mechanism of MoS2: molybdenum oxide, such as iron (II) molybdate (FeMoO4), formed in the test of MoP, was then transformed into MoS2 by sulfur or a sulfur containing compound from ZnDTP decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer interest in dietary supplements in Türkiye through a Google Trends analysis. Material-Method: The search volumes of 30 selected terms were evaluated using Google Trends between March 18, 2018, and March 15, 2022. Results: During the study period, the term with the highest search volume was 'vitamin B12'. After the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, search volumes for biotin, probiotics, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron, prebiotics, fish oil, collagen, vitamin A, multivitamins, vitamin E, lipoic acid, zinc, glutathione, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, iodine, melatonin, propolis, vitamin K, bromelain, and curcumin showed statistically significant increases (p<0.005). Conclusion: This study demonstrates an increased interest in dietary supplements in Türkiye following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings underscore the growing attention to dietary supplements during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are significant global health challenges, accounting for 70% of anemia cases worldwide. IDA stems from factors such as poor iron intake, high physiological demands, chronic blood loss, and malabsorption. Effective management requires accurate diagnosis, addressing the underlying causes, and choosing appropriate treatments, including oral and intravenous (IV) iron supplements. Recent advances in IV iron therapy have introduced Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), a third-generation IV iron product known for its stability, low risk of immunogenic reactions, and clinical effectiveness. FCM is particularly beneficial in treating ID associated with chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy-related anemia, and perioperative anemia. Its ability to provide high-dose iron in a single infusion improves patient compliance and reduces healthcare costs. Most existing review articles focus exclusively on either the pharmacological properties or the clinical applications of FCM. This review aims to integrate both perspectives, providing a thorough overview of the pharmacological characteristics and clinical efficacy of FCM. This dual focus will demonstrate the clinical superiority of FCM among available IV iron preparations, positioning FCM as a highly dependable treatment for managing IDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title hybrid iron(II)- and cobalt(III)-centered complexes were prepared in moderate yields using the template reactions of 3-acetylpyrazoloxime as a chelating ligand synthon with a Lewis-acidic zirconium or hafnium(IV) phthalocyaninate on the corresponding 3d-metal ion as a matrix. Formation of the cobalt(III)-centered complexes is observed due to the oxidation of Co2+ cations of the initial cobalt(II) salt. Thus obtained binuclear chloride H-bonded iron(II) and cobalt(III) compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H and 13C {1H} NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, 57Fe Mössbauer (for iron compounds) and UV-vis spectra, and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their redox properties were studied by cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry methods, and using spectroelectrochemical experiments. Their encapsulated 3d-metal ions with the electronic d6 configuration are located almost in the center of MN6-coordination polyhedra, the geometry of which is more closer to a trigonal antiprism (TAP, the distortion angle ϕ = 60°) than to a trigonal prism (TP, ϕ = 0°) with ϕ ∼ 40°. FeII–N distances fall in the range 1.913(6)–1.965(7) Å, while the CoIII–N bond lengths are from 1.890(8) to 1.935(8) Å. The geometry of MIVO3N4-coordination polyhedra of their capping metal(IV) ions is intermediate between a capped TAP and a capped TP. In the molecules of ZrIVMIIIMIIMIIZrIV-pentanuclear intracomplexes, (HS)FeIII–N and (LS)CoIII–N distances in their two semiclathrochelate fragments fall in the ranges 1.915(10)–1.980(12) Å and 1.886(13)–1.930(13) Å, respectively, and the geometry of MN6-coordination polyhedra is closer to a TAP (values of ϕ are higher than 30°). The geometry of MN6-polyhedra of the HS cross-linking metal(II) ions between them is close to a TAP (values of ϕ are higher than 50°). All the obtained binuclear hybrid complexes exhibit very similar electrochemical patterns. Their CVs contain quasi-reversible or irreversible three reduction and three oxidation waves. The potentials of electrochemical reductions, assigned to the Pc-localized redox processes, are close to each other. The first of them is a quasi-reversible process attributed to the Pc-based one-electron reduction, while the first oxidation wave was assigned to the metal-centered M2+/3+ redox couples. The spectroelectrochemical data confirmed an assignment of the aforementioned electrochemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a contents list for the journal "Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry," published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. It includes articles on various topics such as electrochemically driven physical properties of solid-state materials, Keplerate polyoxometalate compounds, and the development of homogeneous first-row early transition metal catalysts. The journal features research papers, communications, and perspectives on cutting-edge advancements in the field of inorganic chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we report the synthesis of six novel triazole-based heteroscorpionate ligands based on heterocycle metathesis reactions and their iron(II) complexes. Single crystal structure analyses were performed, the spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the obtained complexes were studied and their spin crossover–structural relationships were compared to those obtained for their pyrazole-based analogues reported in the literature. In particular, the amino derivative complex bis[hydrobis(pyrazol-1-yl)(3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)]iron(II) obtained by post-synthetic catalytic nitro-group reduction under pressure of hydrogen in an autoclave presents a scarce gradual spin crossover behavior at room temperature. The profile of the SCO curve can be explained by the presence of only relatively weak H bonds, spreading only in one dimension. Among the interesting spin transition behaviors observed for the different complexes, such stable, complete and gradual spin crossover at room temperature makes this neutral complex a good candidate for sublimation and future investigation as an active element notably for thermoreflectance-based surface microthermometry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has been performed to evaluate the prospective effects of toxic and potentially toxic elements (TPTEs) on different groups of sediments in mining area. Fractionation of metal and metalloid elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo and Zn) was studied using a modified Community Bureau of Reference (mBCR) sequential extraction procedure in the sediments collected at five sedimentary systems. Compared to natural background values the enrichment factor (EF) of TPTEs follow the order of Cu > Mo > Cd > Zn > Co > As > Fe. Comparison with sediments quality indicators (including: sediment pollution index (SPI), pollution load index (PLI), and modified contamination degree (mCd)) revealed, that leached sediment containing secondary phases (S5 and S6), sediments containing ferric compounds (S7 and S8) and then evaporitic deposits (S9) are considered as the most contaminated sediment with a high to ultra-high degree of contamination, Subsequently based on the average indices values for sedimentary systems, the descending order is as follows: S5> S4 > S2 > S3 > S1. This issue confirm that sedimentary systems of mining area are heavily contaminated by toxic and potentially toxic elements and were not found within the guideline acceptable values. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) revealed a very high risk level for Cu with a peak in sediments containing sulfide phases. Speciation results in the investigated sediments indicated that the labile form has a considerable role in the release of all TPTEs except for Mo, Fe, and to somewhat As. Accordingly, based on the risk of elements bioavailability, the descending order is as follows: S9 > S4 > S5 > S6 > S7 > S3 > S8 > S2 > S1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of lithogenic minerals with low bioavailable elements in the samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S7 and S8) and secondary minerals with high bioavailable elements in samples (S5, S6 and S9). Multivariate statistical analysis (Pearson's correlation analysis, PCA, and CA) suggested that the sources of TPTEs contamination were mainly anthropogenic along with the geogenic sources in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production was carried out in a photochemical device in a Mark-5 cycle. The photolysis of iron sulphate solution was carried out in a close periodic system. The reaction mixture was 8.5 g iron sulphate compound (FeSO4•7 H2O), 2.5 g I2 and 1.0 g HI in 100 mL water. Fifty millilitres of this solution was filled into a quartz reactor and connected to cycle system. The optimisation of hydrogen production was achieved by temperature, flow rate and radiation irradiation. The maximum hydrogen generated was 50.0 × 1016 molecules per minute at 120 °C temperature, 0.08 mL/sec. Pump speed, pressure 0.30 MPas, and Hg-vapour λmax = 365 nm. Eact. = 14.92 kC/mol caused bimolecular reactions to occur at low temperatures by photochemical action. Quantum yield of hydrogen depended on the absorbed of 0.5 × 1015 kvant/s. The energy of the quantum above T ≥ 100°C temperatures was φ ≥ 1. The dependence of the hydrogen generation rate (W) increased from 0.001 to 0.0038 × 1016 molecules/sec at 10-90 minutes, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silacycloheptatriene (silepin) species are novel silicon compounds reported in recent years. The interplay between the "closed" silepin and the "open" silylene form enables an enhanced stability of the low valent species while maintaining a high reactivity towards small molecules. In this work, two new silepins of similar structures to literature known compounds bearing modified silyl ligands are reported. A unique intramolecular activation of an aromatic hydrogen is found, and the respective formed hydrosilanes are characterized. We further synthesized iron(0) carbonyl complexes of known and new silepins in order to investigate their electronic properties relative to each other to gain more insight into substitution effect in such compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, issues related to the technology of compound castings composed of two parts, i.e., the working layer and the supporting part, made of X46Cr13 high-chromium steel and EN-GJL-HB 255 grey cast iron, respectively, in a liquid–solid system by pre-installing a monolithic insert in the mould cavity are presented. As a part of the research, the mechanism of formation of transitional zones in the bonding area of the above-mentioned two alloys was identified and described. It was shown that the phenomenon that determines the formation of a permanent bond between the joined materials is the transport of C and heat from the "high-carbon and hot" material of the supporting part poured into the mould in the form of liquid cast iron to the "low-carbon and cold" material of the working layer placed in the form of a steel monolithic insert inside the mould cavity. In the paper, the suitability of the compound castings technology developed for use in the coke industry is also presented. Full-size high-chromium steel–grey cast iron compound casting plates designed for the coke quenching car lining were positively verified in real coke plant operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new tetradentate Schiff-base ligands were prepared in situ from the 1 : 2 condensation of 1,3-diaminopropane and either 2-thiazolecarboxaldehyde (L2thiazole), 4-thiazolecarboxaldehyde (L4thiazole), 4-oxazolecarboxaldehyde (L4oxazole), or 5-bromopyridine-2-aldehyde (L5Br-pyridine), and complexed with [Fe(NCS)2(pyridine)4] to give four monometallic FeII complexes, [Fe(Lheterocycle)(NCS)2]. Structural characterisation shows the expected octahedral FeII centres in all cases, with Lheterocycle occupying the equatorial plane and the two thiocyanate ligands trans to each other, resulting in an N6 coordination sphere. Solid state magnetic measurements showed that the two complexes with the thiazole-based ligands exhibit the beginning of a spin transition above 300 K, with T1/2 = 350 K for [Fe(L4thiazole)(NCS)2] and 400 K for [Fe(L2thiazole)(NCS)2], whereas the 4-oxazole-based ligand gives [Fe(L4oxazole)(NCS)2] which remains high spin at all measured temperatures (50–400 K). Interestingly, [Fe(L5Br-pyridine)(NCS)2] crystallised as two solvent-free polymorphs: magnetic measurements on samples with both polymorphs present showed a two step SCO with an abrupt transition at T1/2 = 245 K assigned to the transition in polymorph A (as this was also seen in a sample of pure polymorph A), and a gradual transition at T1/2 = 304 K assigned to polymorph B. These findings show that the order of increasing ligand field strength for these heterocycles is 4-oxazole ≪ 5Br-pyridine < 4-thiazole < 2-thiazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin-state switching in iron(II) complexes composed of ligands featuring moderate ligand-field strength—for example, 2,6-bi(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (BPP)—is dependent on many factors. Herein, we show that spin-state switching in isomeric iron(II) complexes composed of BPP-based ligands—ethyl 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)isonicotinate (BPP-COOEt, L1) and (2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl)methylacetate (BPP-CH2OCOMe, L2)—is dependent on the nature of the substituent at the BPP skeleton. Bi-stable spin-state switching—with a thermal hysteresis width (ΔT1/2) of 44 K and switching temperature (T1/2) = 298 K in the first cycle—is observed for complex 1·CH3CN composed of L1 and BF4− counter anions. Conversely, the solvent-free isomeric counterpart of 1·CH3CN—complex 2a, composed of L2 and BF4− counter anions—was trapped in the high-spin (HS) state. For one of the polymorphs of complex 2b·CH3CN—2b·CH3CN-Y, Y denotes yellow colour of the crystals—composed of L2 and ClO4− counter anions, a gradual and non-hysteretic SCO is observed with T1/2 = 234 K. Complexes 1·CH3CN and 2b·CH3CN-Y also underwent light-induced spin-state switching at 5 K due to the light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) effect. Structures of the low-spin (LS) and HS forms of complex 1·CH3CN revealed that spin-state switching goes hand-in-hand with pronounced distortion of the trans-N{pyridyl}-Fe–N{pyridyl} angle (φ), whereas such distortion is not observed for 2b·CH3CN-Y. This observation points that distortion is one of the factors making the spin-state switching of 1·CH3CN hysteretic in the solid state. The observation of bi-stable spin-state switching with T1/2 centred at room temperature for 1·CH3CN indicates that technologically relevant spin-state switching profiles based on mononuclear iron(II) complexes can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of fluorescent properties into spin‐crossover (SCO) materials, aiming at controlling fluorescence via spin‐state transitions for applications in magneto‐optical switching and information processing, represents an appealing research direction. In this study, we prepared two examples of one‐dimensional cyclic chain‐like Fe(II) coordination polymers, denoted as [Fe(DPPC)2(NCS)2]⋅CH3OH⋅o‐C6H4Cl2 (1, DPPC=3,6‐di‐4‐pyridinyl‐9‐[4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole) and [Fe(PDPC)2(NCS)2] (2, PDPC=3,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole). Analyses through single‐crystal X‐ray studies and magnetic measurements validate the two‐step SCO behavior of 1 within the temperature range of 50~200 K. Additionally, when combined with temperature‐dependent fluorescence emission spectroscopy, the results demonstrate the coexistence of SCO and fluorescence in 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homoleptic complexes [Fe(4bt)3](ClO4)2 (1), [Fe(2bt)3](ClO4)2 (2), and [Fe(3tpH)3](ClO4)2 (3) were obtained by a reaction between the Fe(II) precursor salt and the corresponding thiazole-based bidentate ligand (L = 4bt = 4,4′-bithiazole, 2bt = 2,2′-bithiazole, 3tpH = 3-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazole). X-ray crystal structure determination revealed crystallization of solvent-free complex 1, a solvate 2·MeOH, and a co-crystal 3·2(3tpH). The crystal packing of all these complexes is dominated by one-dimensional interactions between the [Fe(L)3]2+ cations. These interactions are stronger in 2·MeOH and 3·2(3tpH), leading to cooperative and slightly hysteretic transitions between the high-spin and low-spin electronic configurations at ∼235 K and 159 K, respectively. In contrast, weaker intermolecular interactions in 1 result in a gradual spin crossover above 300 K, with the maximum fraction of the HS state ∼25% achieved at 400 K. Complexes 2 and 3·2(3tpH) exhibit light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) under irradiation with white light or a 532 nm laser at 5 K. After the photoexcitation, the trapped metastable HS state relaxes to the ground LS state with the average relaxation temperature of 81 K and 68 K, respectively. Examination of the relaxation dynamics by optical absorption spectroscopy on a single crystal of 3·2(3tpH) revealed the sigmoidal shape of the relaxation curves at lower temperatures, attributed to cooperative effects, as well as a plateau at ∼10% of the HS fraction at intermediate temperatures, hinting at a more complex mechanism for the relaxation of the LIESST phase in this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands apart from other malignancies due to its pronounced association with dietary patterns. Approximately 70% of all CRC cases arise sporadically, and suboptimal dietary and lifestyle choices can override certain predisposing factors, including a family history of the disease. Hitherto, the most compelling evidence linking CRC risk has been attributed to heme iron, predominantly found in red and processed meats, although this form of iron constitutes a mere 20% of total dietary iron. The human organism maintains a remarkably intricate and tightly regulated iron homeostasis system owing to the deleterious consequences of both excessive and deficient serum iron levels. Dietary sources remain the sole means to replenish iron losses. Despite the abundant presence of iron in various food sources, its absorption, commonly referred to as bioavailability, is notably restricted due to an array of dietary inhibitors and homeostatic mechanisms. Consequently, a substantial 80% of ingested dietary iron is excreted in fecal matter, resulting in fecal iron concentrations that surpass those found in most body tissues by a tenfold margin. Prolonged exposure of the colorectum to excessive fecal iron, combined with concurrent physiological alterations, can instigate oncogenic processes leading to CRC. Notably, despite their recognized significance in CRC pathology, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors have been sporadically integrated into predictive models, primarily concerning CRC recurrence. Nonetheless, these models exhibit disparities in the dietary components, rendering them non-universally applicable. In light of these disparities, postulating that incorporating bioavailable iron, in conjunction with hepcidin levels, may offer superior predictive value for CRC risk assessment, and herein, elucidates the scientific foundation supporting this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical properties of mantle minerals are essential for comprehensive geodynamic modeling. High-pressure experiments allow measurements of physical properties but fundamental insights into their evolution with pressure are often experimentally inaccessible. Here we report the first in situ experimental determination of the optical refractive index, its wavelength-dispersion, and optical absorption coefficient of ferropericlase up to ~140 GPa at room temperature. All these properties change gradually in dominantly high-spin (below ~50 GPa) and low-spin (above ~80 GPa) ferropericlase. However, in the mixed-spin state (i.e., significant presence of both high- and low-spin iron), the index dispersion and the absorption coefficient decrease by a factor of three and ~30%, respectively. These anomalies suggest that charge transport by small polaron is reduced in mixed-spin ferropericlase, providing fundamental insights into the factor-of-three lower electrical conductivity of ferropericlase at ~50–70 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of functionalized metal nanoparticles against cancer cells has gained assiduous attention. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory activity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with glucose and conjugated with coumarin (Fe3O4@GluCoumarin) on breast cancer cell line, as well as the expression of the caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes. Material & Methods: The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles were evaluated using FT-IR, XRD, EDS-map, and electron microscope imaging. The toxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined using the MTT assay, and the 50% inhibitory dose (IC50) was calculated. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles on apoptosis induction was investigated by measuring the expression level of the caspase 8 and 9 genes and flow cytometry analysis. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess significant differences between nanoparticle-treated and control groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The synthesis of Fe3O4@Glu-Coumarin nanoparticles was confirmed by physicochemical tests, including FT-IR, XRD, EDS-mapping, and electron microscope imaging. The nanoparticles had dimensions of 25 to 50 nm and contained Fe, O, and C elements. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with nanoparticles caused a significant decrease in the survival of cancer cells, and the IC50 was 93μg/ml. The exposure of cells to the nanoparticles caused a marked increase in the expression of caspases 8 and 9 by 2.6 and 2.9 folds, respectively, compared to the control group. In addition, the frequency of apoptotic cells after treatment with the nanoparticles increased from 2.21% to 84%.. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study pointed out that Fe3O4@GluCoumarin increased the expression of the caspases 8 and 9 genes in breast cancer cells and, as a result, can activate the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We present the synthesis of two new novel tetradentate ligands based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-(2-pyridyl)-5-[N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole (LTetraPy–ODA) and 2-(2-phenyl)-5-[N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole (LTetraPh–ODA). The ligands were used to prepare six mononuclear complexes [FeII(LTetraPy–ODA)(NCE)] (C1–C3) and [FeII(LTetraPh–ODA)(NCE)] (C4–C6) where E = S, Se or BH3. In addition, the ligand LTetraPy–ODA was employed in the synthesis of a new di-nuclear complex [Fe II2 (LTetraPh)](ClO4)4·1 CH3NO2·1.5 H2O (C7). Characterization of all complexes was carried out using single-crystal X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, performed in the temperature range of 2–300 K using a SQUID magnetometer, revealed spin crossover behaviour exclusively in the mononuclear complexes C3 and C6, in which two monodentate NCBH3− co-ligands coordinate. The presence of the lattice solvent was found to be crucial to the spin transition property, with complex C3 exhibiting a switching temperature (T1/2) of approximately 165 K and C6 approximately 194 K. The other four mononuclear complexes C1, C2, C4, C5, as well as the dinuclear complex C7 are locked in the high spin state over the measured temperature range. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed on complexes C1–C6 to rationalise the observed magnetic behaviour, demonstrating the significant effect of the NCS−, NCSe− and NCBH3− co-ligands ligands on the spin-crossover behaviour of the [FeII(L)(NCE)] complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have favorable characteristics in terms of cell voltage and cost efficiency, making them a promising technology for grid‐scale energy storage. The rational design of suitable electrode materials on a theoretical basis, aiming at high power and energy density, is of paramount importance to bring this battery technology to the practical market. In this paper, a series of iron‐based compounds with different non‐metal anions are selectively synthesized to investigate the nature of kinetic differences induced by anionic modulation. A combination of experimental characterization and theoretical calculation reveals that iron phosphide, with its moderate adsorption energy (Ea) and lowest diffusion barrier (Eb), exhibits the best cycling and rate properties at low electrochemical polarization, which is related to the narrow Δd‐p band center gap that facilitates ion transfer. In addition, the optimization of the electrolyte formula results in the carbon‐supported iron phosphide anode running stably over 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and exhibiting a high rate capacity of 81.1 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. The superior electrochemical properties are attributed to the robust KF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase formed by the highly compatible KFSI in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the well-studied mononuclear spin crossover compound [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(bipy)], the bipyridine-based bisbidentate ligands 1,2-di(2,2′-bipyridin-5-yl)ethyne (ac(bipy)2) and 1,4-di(2,2′-bipyridine-5-yl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (Ph(OMe)2(bipy)2) are used to bridge two [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2] units, leading to the charge-neutral dinuclear iron(II) compounds [{Fe(H2B(pz)2)2}2 μ-(ac(bipy)2)] (1) and [{Fe(H2B(pz)2)2}2 μ-(Ph(OMe)2(bipy)2)] (2), respectively. The spin-crossover properties of these molecules are investigated by temperature-dependent PPMS measurements, Mössbauer, vibrational and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy. While compound 1 undergoes complete SCO with T1/2 = 125 K, an incomplete spin transition is observed for 2 with an inflection point at 152 K and a remaining high-spin fraction of 40% below 65 K. The spin transitions of the dinuclear compounds are also more gradual than for the parent compound [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(bipy)]. This is attributed to steric hindrance between the molecules, limiting intermolecular interactions such as π–π-stacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck is an ancient wooden ship in the Southern Song Dynasty. Currently, serious challenges of microbial diseases exist on the hull wood. This study aimed to obtain microbial samples from the ship hull in December 2021 and analyze the microbial diseases through scanning electron microscopy and high-throughput sequencing to preserve the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck. The biodegradation mechanism of diseased microorganisms was explored through whole genome sequencing and the detection of enzyme activity and gene expression levels of diseased microorganisms under different conditions. The results showed that there was obvious fungal colonization on the surface of the hull wood and Fusarium solani NK-NH1 was the dominant disease fungus on the surface. NK-NH1 has strong cellulose and lignin degradation ability. Its whole genome size is 52,389,955 bp, and it contains 17,402 genes. It has a variety of key enzyme genes involved in cellulose and lignin degradation. The NK-NH1 dominant degrading enzyme lignin peroxidase has the highest enzyme activity at pH = 4, NaCl concentration of 30%, and FeSO4 concentration of 50 mg/L, while laccase has the highest enzyme activity at pH = 4, NaCl concentration of 10%, and FeSO4 concentration of 100 mg/L. The above research results prove that NK-NH1 is a key fungus to the biodegradation of ship hull wood when it is exposed to air, low pH, high salt, and rich in sulfur iron compounds. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preservation of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine decoction has shown therapeutic effects on various liver diseases. However, the hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanism of SWT on MAFLD remain unclear. Methods: First, a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice model was used and lipidomic analysis and transcriptomic analysis were performed. The contents of total iron ions, ferrous ions, and lipid peroxidation were detected and Prussian blue staining was performed to confirm the protective effects of SWT against ferroptosis. Finally, chemical characterization and network pharmacological analysis were employed to identify the potential active ingredients. Results: Serological and hepatic histopathological findings indicated SWT's discernible therapeutic impact on MCD diet-induced MAFLD. Lipidomic analysis revealed that SWT improved intrahepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting TG synthesis and promoting TG transport. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that SWT ameliorated abnormal FA metabolism by inhibiting FA synthesis and promoting FA β-oxidation. Then, ferroptosis phenotype experiments revealed that SWT could effectively impede hepatocyte ferroptosis, which was induced by long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4)-mediated esterification of arachidonic acid (AA). Finally, chemical characterization and network pharmacological analysis identified that paeoniflorin and other active ingredients might be responsible for the regulative effects against ferroptosis and MAFLD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study revealed the intricate mechanism through which SWT improved MCD diet-induced MAFLD by targeting FA metabolism and ferroptosis in hepatocytes, thus offering a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MAFLD and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new cyanido-bridged {FeIIMII} double chains were obtained by reacting cyanido anions [M(CN)4]2- with complex cations [FeII(tptz)]2+ (preformed in situ by mixing a hydrated tetrafluoroborate salt of iron(II) and a tptz ligand, tptz = 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) having the general formula [FeII(tptz) MII(CN)4]·2H2O·CH3CN, where M = Pd (1) or Pt (2). Additionally, two molecular complexes formulated as [FeII(tptz)2][MII(CN)4]·4.25H2O, where M = Pd (3) or Pt (4), were subsequently obtained from the same reaction, as secondary products. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that 1 and 2 are isostructural and crystallize in the P-1 triclinic space group. Their structure consists of a double-chain with a ladder-like topology, in which cyanido-based [M(CN)4]2- metalloligands coordinate, through three CN- ligands and three [FeII(tptz)]2+ complex cations. Compounds 3 and 4 are also isostructural and crystallize in the P1¯ triclinic space group, and the X-ray structural data show the formation of [FeII(tptz)2]2+ and [MII(CN)4]2- ionic units interconnected through H-bonds and π⋯π stacking supramolecular interactions. The static DC magnetic measurements recorded in the temperature range of 2-300 K showed that 1 and 2 exhibit incomplete spin transition on cooling, which is also confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Compounds 3 and 4 are diamagnetic, most likely due to the encapsulation of Fe(II) in a tight pocket formed by two tptz ligands that preserve the low-spin state in the temperature range of 2-400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the main threats to citrus fruit production. Several phenolic compounds active against X. citri have been described in recent years. Benzene‐1,2,4‐triol is a bio‐based phenolic compound that has shown high potential as a scaffold for the synthesis of new anti‐X. citri compounds. However, benzene‐1,2,4‐triol is prone to oxidative dimerization. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of benzene‐1,2,4‐triol, its oxidized dimers, and analogous compounds. Benzene‐1,2,4‐triol has a low inhibitory concentration against X. citri (0.05 mM) and is also active against other bacterial species. Spontaneous formation of benzenetriol dimers (e. g. by contact with oxygen in aqueous solution) reduced the antimicrobial activity of benzenetriol solutions. Dimers themselves displayed lower antibacterial activity and where shown to be more stable in solution. Unlike many other phenolic compounds with anti‐X. citri activity, benzene‐1,2,4‐triol does not act by membrane permeabilization, but seems to limit the availability of iron to cells. Benzene‐1,2,4‐triol is widely recognized as toxic – our results indicate that the toxicity of benzene‐1,2,4‐triol is largely due to spontaneously formed dimers. Stabilization of benzene‐1,2,4‐triol will be required to allow the safe use of this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Control of the iron state in iron-containing pharmaceuticals. • Mössbauer spectroscopy of iron-containing pharmaceuticals. • The iron valence state and iron-containing contaminations in pharmaceuticals. Various iron-containing medicaments, vitamins and dietary supplements are used or developed for treatment and prevention of the iron deficiency anemia which is very dangerous for human and may cause various disorders. From the other hand, blood losses, iron poor diet, microelements (co-factors) deficiency, metabolic failures, absorption problems, etc. can change the iron status and affect the health. These pharmaceuticals contain iron compounds in the ferrous and ferric states. It is known that ferrous salts are more suitable for the intestinal intake than ferric ones. On the other hand, pharmaceutically important ferritin analogues contain ferric hydrous oxides and appear to be effective for both injections and peroral administration. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy is a unique physical technique which allows one to study various iron-containing materials including pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this technique was applied to study iron-containing pharmaceuticals for the analysis of the iron state, identification of ferric and ferrous compounds, revealing some structural peculiarities and for detection of aging processes in relation to the iron compounds. This review considers the main results of a long experience in the study of iron-containing pharmaceuticals by Mössbauer spectroscopy with critical analysis that may be useful for pharmacists, biochemists, biophysicists, and physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the relative scarcity of cobalt in the earth's crust, its retention in biological systems, principally (but not exclusively) in the cobalt corrinoids or derivatives of vitamin B12, may be surprising. The chemistry of these compounds and the much more widely utilized iron porphyrins, is compared and contrasted and an attempt made to explain the retention of cobalt chemistry in biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]