1,243 results on '"IPRODIONE"'
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2. Exposure to iprodione induces ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells, leading to implantation defects during early pregnancy
- Author
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Park, Wonhyoung, An, Garam, Lim, Whasun, and Song, Gwonhwa
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.
- Author
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Yoon, Chang-Young, Chon, Kyongmi, Vasamsetti, Bala Murali Krishna, Hwang, Sojeong, Park, Kyeong-Hun, and Kyung, Kee Sung
- Subjects
- *
POISONS , *YOLK sac , *CARDIOTOXICITY , *STARTLE reaction , *SPINAL curvatures - Abstract
Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75–40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC50 values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 ± 0.74 to 21.42 ± 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Identification and degradation characteristics of an iprodione-degrading strain Y-19.
- Author
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PAN Hu
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,CARBAMIC acid ,PESTICIDE residues in food ,HYDROLASES ,POTTING soils - Abstract
[Objective] This study identified the species of strain Y-19, determined its iprodione-degradation characteristics and explored high-efficient iprodione-degrading microorganisms on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to solve the iprodione-residue problem in soil environment and ensure the quality and safety of greenhouse soil and vegetables. [Method]The strain Y-19 was classified using polyphasic classification methods. The degradation pathway and characteristics were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) . Initial iprodione concentration, temperature, pH value, inoculation amount and NaCl concentration were investigated to formulate optimal degradation environmental factors. The iprodione-degrading genes of strain Y-19 were dug by comparative genome analysis. [Result] Strain Y-19 was identified as Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans by polyphasic classification technology. It could firstly decompose iprodione into N- (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) -2, 4-dioximidazolidine and isopropyl carbamate. Then, N- (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) -2, 4-dioximidazolidine could be decomposed to N-[[ (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) amino]carbonyl]glycine. Finally, N-[[ (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) amino]-carbonyl]glycine was degraded to 3, 5-dichloroaniline and carbamic acid. The optimal iprodione-degrading conditions of strain Y-19 were 25 °C, pH 7. 0, NaCl 0. 0%-1. 0%, inoculation amount 5% and initial iprodione concentration 100 mg/L. Under these conditions, 100 mg/L of iprodione could be degraded within 14 h and generated 48. 8 mg/L 3, 5-dichloroaniline. Strain Y-19 had highly similar ipaH, ddaH and duaH genes with other iprodione-degrading bacteria. The hydrolytic enzymes encoded by above genes could hydrolyze amide bonds (--CO--N=, including --CO--NH--) in iprodione and its degradation products. [Conclusion] Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans Y-19 is an efficiently iprodione-degrading bacteria. Arthrobacter spp. and Paenarthrobacter spp. may be main bacterial species to degrade iprodione to 3, 5-dichloroaniline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Potential endocrine-disrupting effects of iprodione via estrogen and androgen receptors: evaluation using in vitro assay and an in silico model
- Author
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Ji-Yeon Yang, Jeong-Hyun Lim, Soo-Jin Park, Youmi Jo, Si Young Yang, Min-Kyoung Paik, and So-Hye Hong
- Subjects
Pesticides ,Iprodione ,Endocrine-disrupting chemical ,Estrogen receptor ,Androgen receptor ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to provide evidence, using in vitro and in silico testing methods, regarding the adverse effects of iprodione, a representative dichlorophenyl dicarboxamide fungicide, on the endocrine system. In the present study, we used the HeLa9903 stably transfected transactivation assay (OECD TG 455), 22Rv1/MMTV_GR‒KO androgen receptor transcriptional activation assay (OECD TG 458), and toxicity prediction using VEGA QSAR. Our results showed that iprodione had no estrogen receptor antagonistic or androgen receptor agonistic effects; however, iprodione was determined to be an estrogen receptor agonist (log PC10 value is less than − 9) and androgen receptor antagonist (log IC30 value is − 4.58) without intrinsic toxicity against the human cell lines used in this study. VEGA QSAR was used to evaluate five substances with structures similar to that of iprodione. Among them, four chemicals were found to have positive androgen receptor and aromatase activities and have been observed to be developmental toxicants. These results suggest that iprodione regulates steroid hormone receptor interactions and is a potential reproductive toxicant.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Proteome Changes Induced by Iprodione Exposure in the Pesticide-Tolerant Pseudomonas sp. C9 Strain Isolated from a Biopurification System.
- Author
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Donoso-Piñol, Pamela, Briceño, Gabriela, Evaristo, Joseph A. M., Nogueira, Fábio C. S., Schalchli, Heidi, and Diez, María Cristina
- Subjects
- *
BIODEGRADABLE pesticides , *BACTERIAL cell walls , *BACTERIAL metabolism , *ATP-binding cassette transporters , *BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism) - Abstract
Iprodione is a pesticide that belongs to the dicarboximide fungicide family. This pesticide was designed to combat various agronomical pests; however, its use has been restricted due to its environmental toxicity and risks to human health. In this study, we explored the proteomic changes in the Pseudomonas sp. C9 strain when exposed to iprodione, to gain insights into the affected metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in iprodione tolerance and biodegradation processes. As a result, we identified 1472 differentially expressed proteins in response to iprodione exposure, with 978 proteins showing significant variations. We observed that the C9 strain upregulated the expression of efflux pumps, enhancing its tolerance to iprodione and other harmful compounds. Peptidoglycan-binding proteins LysM, glutamine amidotransferase, and protein Ddl were similarly upregulated, indicating their potential role in altering and preserving bacterial cell wall structure, thereby enhancing tolerance. We also observed the presence of hydrolases and amidohydrolases, essential enzymes for iprodione biodegradation. Furthermore, the exclusive identification of ABC transporters and multidrug efflux complexes among proteins present only during iprodione exposure suggests potential counteraction against the inhibitory effects of iprodione on downregulated proteins. These findings provide new insights into iprodione tolerance and biodegradation by the Pseudomonas sp. C9 strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Potential endocrine-disrupting effects of iprodione via estrogen and androgen receptors: evaluation using in vitro assay and an in silico model.
- Author
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Yang, Ji-Yeon, Lim, Jeong-Hyun, Park, Soo-Jin, Jo, Youmi, Yang, Si Young, Paik, Min-Kyoung, and Hong, So-Hye
- Subjects
ANDROGEN receptors ,STEROID receptors ,ESTROGEN receptors ,ENDOCRINE disruptors ,ANTIANDROGENS - Abstract
This study was conducted to provide evidence, using in vitro and in silico testing methods, regarding the adverse effects of iprodione, a representative dichlorophenyl dicarboxamide fungicide, on the endocrine system. In the present study, we used the HeLa9903 stably transfected transactivation assay (OECD TG 455), 22Rv1/MMTV_GR‒KO androgen receptor transcriptional activation assay (OECD TG 458), and toxicity prediction using VEGA QSAR. Our results showed that iprodione had no estrogen receptor antagonistic or androgen receptor agonistic effects; however, iprodione was determined to be an estrogen receptor agonist (log PC
10 value is less than − 9) and androgen receptor antagonist (log IC30 value is − 4.58) without intrinsic toxicity against the human cell lines used in this study. VEGA QSAR was used to evaluate five substances with structures similar to that of iprodione. Among them, four chemicals were found to have positive androgen receptor and aromatase activities and have been observed to be developmental toxicants. These results suggest that iprodione regulates steroid hormone receptor interactions and is a potential reproductive toxicant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Removal and detoxification of iprodione in water using didodecyldimethylammonium bromide-montmorillonite organoclay and manganese dioxide
- Author
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Thao, Ngo Thi Thu, Oiwa, Mako, Hayashi, Hideo, and Saitoh, Tohru
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Life Cycle Assessment as a Decision-Making Tool for Photochemical Treatment of Iprodione Fungicide from Wastewater.
- Author
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Dogan, Kubra, Turkmen, Burcin Atilgan, Arslan-Alaton, Idil, and Germirli Babuna, Fatos
- Subjects
PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,FUNGICIDES ,MICROPOLLUTANTS ,SEWAGE ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,OZONE layer depletion ,POISONS - Abstract
Water contamination with various micropollutants is a serious environmental concern since this group of chemicals cannot always be removed efficiently with advanced treatment methods. Therefore, alternative chemical- and energy-intensive oxidation processes have been proposed for the removal of refractory and/or toxic chemicals. However, similar treatment performances might result in different environmental impacts. Environmental impacts can be determined by adopting a life cycle assessment methodology. In this context, lab-scale experimental data related to 100% iprodione (a hydantoin fungicide/nematicide selected as the model micropollutant at a concentration of 2 mg/L) removal from simulated tertiary treated urban wastewater (dissolved organic carbon content = 10 mg/L) with UV-C-activated persulfate treatment were studied in terms of environmental impacts generated during photochemical treatment through the application of a life cycle assessment procedure. Standard guidelines were followed in this procedure. Iprodione removal was achieved at varying persulfate concentrations and UV-C doses; however, an "optimum" treatment condition (0.03 mM persulfate, 0.5 W/L UV-C) was experimentally established for kinetically acceptable, 100% iprodione removal in distilled water and adopted to treat iprodione in simulated tertiary treated wastewater (total dissolved organic carbon of iprodione + tertiary wastewater = 11.2 mg/L). The study findings indicated that energy input was the major contributor to all the environmental impact categories, namely global warming, abiotic depletion (fossil and elements), acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, ozone depletion, photochemical ozone creation, and terrestrial ecotoxicity potentials. According to the life cycle assessment results, a concentration of 21.42 mg/L persulfate and an electrical energy input of 1.787 kWh/m
3 (Wh/L) UV-C light yielded the lowest undesired environmental impacts among the examined photochemical treatment conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Binding Mode and Molecular Mechanism of the Two-Component Histidine Kinase Bos1 of Botrytis cinerea to Fludioxonil and Iprodione.
- Author
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Xueru Yin, Pengfei Li, Zongwei Wang, Jing Wang, Anfei Fang, Binnian Tian, Yuheng Yang, Yang Yu, and Chaowei Bi
- Subjects
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BOTRYTIS cinerea , *HISTIDINE , *BIOLOGICAL fitness , *SITE-specific mutagenesis , *MOLD control , *HISTIDINE kinases - Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is among the 10 most serious fungal diseases worldwide. Fludioxonil is widely used to prevent and control gray mold due to its low toxicity and high efficiency; however, resistance caused by long-term use has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, exploring the resistance mechanism of fungicides provides a theoretical basis for delaying the occurrence of diseases and controlling gray mold. In this study, fludioxonil-resistant strains were obtained through indoor drug domestication, and the mutation sites were determined by sequencing. Strains obtained by site-directed mutagenesis were subjected to biological analysis, and the binding modes of fludioxonil and iprodione to Botrytis cinerea Bos1 BcBos1 were predicted by molecular docking. The results showed that F127S, I365S/N, F127S + I365N, and I376M mutations on the Bos1 protein led to a decrease in the binding energy between the drug and BcBos1. The A1259T mutation did not lead to a decrease in the binding energy, which was not the cause of drug resistance. The biological fitness of the fludioxonil- and point mutation-resistant strains decreased, and their growth rate, sporulation rate, and pathogenicity decreased significantly. The glycerol content of the sensitive strains was significantly lower than that of the resistant strains and increased significantly after treatment with 0.1 μg/ml of fludioxonil, whereas that of the resistant strains decreased. The osmotic sensitivity of the resistant strains was significantly lower than that of the sensitive strains. Positive cross-resistance was observed between fludioxonil and iprodione. These results will help to understand the resistance mechanism of fludioxonil in Botrytis cinerea more deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. 异菌脲、咪鲜胺及其代谢物在哈密瓜贮藏 保鲜中的降解动态及安全评价.
- Author
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杜文瑜, 赵新玉, 韩鑫峰, 谭梦男, 闫新焕, and 黄勇平
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Genotoxic effects induced by iprodione and tebuconazole in meristematic cells of Allium cepa: responses dependent on concentration and exposure time.
- Author
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Solano, Grace Stephany Mendoza and Andrioli, Nancy Beatriz
- Subjects
ONIONS ,TEBUCONAZOLE ,GENETIC toxicology ,BIOLOGICAL assay ,FUNGICIDES ,BIOLOGICAL models - Abstract
The present work explores the genotoxicity of the fungicides iprodione (IP) and tebuconazole (TB) using the Allium cepa assay as an in vivo biological model. Both short-term and long-term exposures were studied, revealing concentration- and time-dependent cytological and genotoxic effects. IP exhibited genotoxicity over a wider concentration range (5–50 µg/ml) and required 30 h of exposure, while TB showed genotoxicity at higher concentrations (10 and 30 µg/ml) within a 4-h exposure period. The study highlights the importance of assessing potential risks associated with fungicide exposure, including handling, disposal practices, and concerns regarding food residue. Moreover, the research underscores the genotoxic effects of IP and TB on plant cells and provides valuable insights into their concentration and time-response patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
- Author
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Chang-Young Yoon, Kyongmi Chon, Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti, Sojeong Hwang, Kyeong-Hun Park, and Kee Sung Kyung
- Subjects
cardiac toxicity ,embryo toxicity ,iprodione ,pesticide ,teratogenicity ,zebrafish ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75–40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC50 values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 ± 0.74 to 21.42 ± 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Fungicide-Mediated Shifts in the Foliar Fungal Community of an Invasive Grass
- Author
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Brett R. Lane, Amy E. Kendig, Christopher M. Wojan, Ashish Adhikari, Michelle A. Jusino, Nicholas Kortessis, Margaret W. Simon, Robert D. Holt, Matthew E. Smith, Keith Clay, S. Luke Flory, Philip F. Harmon, and Erica M. Goss
- Subjects
Bipolaris ,invasive species ,iprodione ,microbiome ,Microstegium vimineum ,mycobiome ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Invasive plants, which cause substantial economic and ecological impacts, acquire both pathogens and beneficial microbes in their introduced ranges. Communities of fungal endophytes are known to mediate impacts of pathogens on plant fitness but few studies have examined the temporal dynamics of fungal communities on invasive plants. The annual grass Microstegium vimineum, an invader of forests and riparian areas throughout the eastern United States, experiences annual epidemics of disease caused by Bipolaris pathogens. Our objective was to characterize the dynamics of foliar fungal communities on M. vimineum over a growing season during a foliar disease epidemic. First, we asked how the fungal community in the phyllosphere changed over 2 months that corresponded with increasing disease severity. Second, we experimentally suppressed disease with fungicide in half of the plots and asked how the treatment affected fungal community diversity and composition. We found increasingly diverse foliar fungal communities and substantial changes in community composition between timepoints using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region. Monthly fungicide application caused shifts in fungal community composition relative to control samples. Fungicide application increased diversity at the late-season timepoint, suggesting that it suppressed dominant fungicide sensitive taxa and allowed other fungal taxa to flourish. These results raise new questions regarding the roles of putative endophytes found in the phyllosphere given the limited number of pathogens known to cause disease on M. vimineum in its invasive range.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pesticide mixtures: analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on the aquatic environment.
- Author
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Miranda, Luanna Alves, de Souza, Victor Ventura, Campos, Renata Alice, de Campos, José Marcello Salabert, and da Silva Souza, Tatiana
- Subjects
PESTICIDES ,PHYTOTOXICITY ,ONIONS ,CELL cycle ,IMIDACLOPRID ,FLOW cytometry ,CELL death ,GLYPHOSATE - Abstract
In this study, we investigate the toxicity of commercial formulations based on glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid, and iprodione, in isolation and mixed, on Allium cepa. The mixtures consisted of combinations in the lowest (M1), intermediate (M2), and highest concentrations (M3) of each pesticide. We measured physiological (germination rate, germination speed, and radicular length) and cyto-genotoxic (mitotic index and frequency of aberrant cells) parameters. In addition, we analyzed the cell cycle progression and cell death induction by flow cytometry. When applied in isolation, the pesticides changed the parameters evaluated. M1 and M2 inhibited root length and increased the frequency of aberrant cells. Their genotoxic effect was equivalent to that of pesticides applied in isolation. Furthermore, M1 and M2 caused cell death and M2 changed the cell cycle progression. M3 had the greatest deleterious effect on A. cepa. This mixture inhibited root length and promoted an additive or synergistic effect on the mitotic index. In addition, M3 changed all parameters analyzed by flow cytometry. This research clearly demonstrates that the pesticides tested, and their mixtures, may pose a risk to non-target organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Selected Fungicides as Potential EDC Estrogenic Micropollutants in the Environment.
- Author
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Jabłońska-Trypuć, Agata, Wydro, Urszula, Wołejko, Elżbieta, Makuła, Marcin, Krętowski, Rafał, Naumowicz, Monika, Sokołowska, Gabriela, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Łozowicka, Bożena, Kaczyński, Piotr, and Wiater, Józefa
- Subjects
- *
MICROPOLLUTANTS , *FUNGICIDES , *CANCER cell proliferation , *ENDOCRINE disruptors , *CELL morphology - Abstract
An increasing level of pesticide exposition is being observed as a result of the consumption of large amounts of fruits, vegetables and grain products, which are key components of the vegetarian diet. Fungicides have been classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been clarified. The effect of boscalid (B), cyprodinil (C) and iprodione (I) combined with Tamoxifen (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on cell viability, cell proliferation, reporter gene expression, ROS content, the cell membrane's function, cell morphology and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in MCF-7 and T47D-KBluc cell lines were investigated. The cell lines were chosen due to their response to 17β -estradiol. The selected fungicides are commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results revealed that the studied fungicides caused significant increases in cell viability and proliferation, and estrogenic activity was present in all studied compounds depending on their concentrations. Oxidative stress activated uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation by inducing ROS production and by inhibiting antioxidant defense. Our findings verify that the studied fungicides could possibly exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties and exposure should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Iprodione induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish by mediating ROS generation and upregulating p53 signalling pathway
- Author
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Weitao Hu, Guilan Chen, Wenbin Yuan, Chen Guo, Fasheng Liu, Shouhua Zhang, and Zigang Cao
- Subjects
Iprodione ,Zebrafish ,Hepatotoxicity ,P53 ,Oxidative stress ,Apoptosis ,Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Iprodione is an effective and broad-spectrum fungicide commonly used for early disease control in fruit trees and vegetables. Due to rainfall, iprodione often finds its way into water bodies, posing toxicity risks to non-target organisms and potentially entering the human food chain. However, there is limited information available regarding the developmental toxicity of iprodione specifically on the liver in existing literature. In this study, we employed larval and adult zebrafish as models to investigate the toxicity of iprodione. Our findings revealed that iprodione exposure led to yolk sac edema and increased mortality in zebrafish. Notably, iprodione exhibited specific effects on zebrafish liver development. Additionally, zebrafish exposed to iprodione experienced an overload of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the upregulation of p53 gene expression. This, in turn, triggered hepatocyte apoptosis and disrupted carbohydrate/lipid metabolism as well as energy demand systems. These results demonstrated the substantial impact of iprodione on zebrafish liver development and function. Furthermore, the application of astaxanthin (an antioxidant) and p53 morpholino partially mitigated the liver toxicity caused by iprodione. To summarize, iprodione induces apoptosis through the upregulation of p53 mediated by oxidative stress signals, leading to liver toxicity in zebrafish. Our study highlights that exposure to iprodione can result in hepatotoxicity in zebrafish, and it may potentially pose toxicity risks to other aquatic organisms and even humans.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Sensitivity of Botrytis Cinerea Isolates Collected from Strawberry to Carbendazim, Diethofencarb and Iprodione.
- Author
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Mohamed, El. S. A., Elsherbiny, E. A., and Hamada, M. S.
- Subjects
CARBENDAZIM ,BOTRYTIS cinerea ,FUNGICIDES ,VALUE (Economics) ,STRAWBERRIES - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection & Pathology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 三株异菌脲高效降解菌株的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性 分析.
- Author
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潘虎, 周子琼, and 田云
- Abstract
To isolate the iprodione-degrading microbial resources suitable for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, three efficient iprodione-degrading strain Y-20, Y-29 and Y-32 were isolated from the greenhouse soil in Tibet by enrichment culture method. These strains were preliminarily identified based on the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The effects of NaCl concentration(m/V), pH value, temperature, inoculation amount(V/V)and initial iprodione concentration on the iprodione)degradation rates of these strains were also investigated. The metabolic pathways of iprodione and ipaH gene in these strains were analyzed using gas chromatography method and polymerase chain reaction technique, respectively. The results showed that strain Y-20, Y-29 and Y-32 were identified as three species of Microbacterium genus. Under the optimal iprodione-degrading condition of 1.0% NaCl(m/V), pH 7.0, 25-30℃, 5% inoculation amount(V/V)and 100 mg/L initial iprodione concentration, 100 mg/L iprodione was completely degraded by these strains within 8-12 h. These strains decomposed iprodione into N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioximidazolidine and isopropyl carbamate, and had a highly similar ipaH gene(99.14%-99.69%). This study provides the strain resources and theoretical basis for the bioremediation of iprodione-contaminated environment at high altitude area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Neurobehavioral Responses and Toxic Brain Reactions of Juvenile Rats Exposed to Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos, Alone and in a Mixture.
- Author
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Abd-Elhakim, Yasmina M., El Sharkawy, Nabela I., Gharib, Heba S. A., Hassan, Mona A., Metwally, Mohamed M. M., Elbohi, Khlood M., Hassan, Bayan A., and Mohammed, Amany Tharwat
- Subjects
CHLORPYRIFOS ,RATS ,MIXTURES ,ANXIETY ,BIOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Herein, male juvenile rats (23th postnatal days (PND)) were exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPS) (7.5 mg/kg b.wt) and/or iprodione (IPD) (200 mg IPD /kg b.wt) until the onset of puberty (60th day PND). Our results demonstrated that IPD and/or CPS exposure considerably reduced locomotion and exploration. However, CPS single exposure induced anxiolytic effects. Yet, neither IPD nor IPD + CPS exposure significantly affected the anxiety index. Of note, IPD and/or CPS-exposed rats showed reduced swimming time. Moreover, IPD induced significant depression. Nonetheless, the CPS- and IPD + CPS-exposed rats showed reduced depression. The individual or concurrent IPD and CPS exposure significantly reduced TAC, NE, and AChE but increased MDA with the maximum alteration at the co-exposure. Moreover, many notable structural encephalopathic alterations were detected in IPD and/or CPS-exposed rat brain tissues. The IPD + CPS co-exposed rats revealed significantly more severe lesions with higher frequencies than the IPD or CPS-exposed ones. Conclusively, IPD exposure induced evident neurobehavioral alterations and toxic reactions in the brain tissues. IPD and CPS have different neurobehavioral effects, particularly regarding depression and anxiety. Hence, co-exposure to IPD and CPS resulted in fewer neurobehavioral aberrations relative to each exposure. Nevertheless, their simultaneous exposure resulted in more brain biochemistry and histological architecture disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Selected Fungicides as Potential EDC Estrogenic Micropollutants in the Environment
- Author
-
Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć, Urszula Wydro, Elżbieta Wołejko, Marcin Makuła, Rafał Krętowski, Monika Naumowicz, Gabriela Sokołowska, Lluis Serra-Majem, Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko, Bożena Łozowicka, Piotr Kaczyński, and Józefa Wiater
- Subjects
EDC compounds ,boscalid ,cyprodinil ,iprodione ,breast cancer ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
An increasing level of pesticide exposition is being observed as a result of the consumption of large amounts of fruits, vegetables and grain products, which are key components of the vegetarian diet. Fungicides have been classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been clarified. The effect of boscalid (B), cyprodinil (C) and iprodione (I) combined with Tamoxifen (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on cell viability, cell proliferation, reporter gene expression, ROS content, the cell membrane’s function, cell morphology and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in MCF-7 and T47D-KBluc cell lines were investigated. The cell lines were chosen due to their response to 17β -estradiol. The selected fungicides are commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results revealed that the studied fungicides caused significant increases in cell viability and proliferation, and estrogenic activity was present in all studied compounds depending on their concentrations. Oxidative stress activated uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation by inducing ROS production and by inhibiting antioxidant defense. Our findings verify that the studied fungicides could possibly exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties and exposure should be avoided.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Degradation of iprodione by a novel strain Azospirillum sp. A1-3 isolated from Tibet.
- Author
-
Hu Pan, Beike Zhu, Jin Li, Ziqiong Zhou, Wenbin Bu, Yanna Dai, Xiangyang Lu, Huhu Liu, and Yun Tian
- Abstract
A bacterial strain A1-3 with iprodione-degrading capabilities was isolated from the soil for vegetable growing under greenhouses at Lhasa, Tibet. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic data, strain A1-3 was considered to represent a novel species of genus Azospirillum. It was able to use iprodione as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth, 27.96 mg/L (50.80%) iprodione was reduced within 108 h at 25°C. During the degradation of iprodione by Azospirillum sp. A1-3, iprodione was firstly degraded to N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine, and then to (3,5-dichlorophenylurea) acetic acid. However, (3,5-dichlorophenylurea) acetic acid cannot be degraded to 3,5-dichloroaniline by Azospirillum sp. A1-3. A ipaH gene which has a highly similarity (98.72–99.92%) with other previously reported ipaH genes, was presented in Azospirillum sp. A1-3. Azospirillum novel strain with the ability of iprodione degradation associated with nitrogen fixation has never been reported to date, and Azospirillum sp. A1-3 might be a promising candidate for application in the bioremediation of iprodione-contaminated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Biodegradation of Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos Using an Immobilized Bacterial Consortium in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor.
- Author
-
Levío-Raimán, Marcela, Bornhardt, Cristian, and Diez, M. Cristina
- Subjects
BIODEGRADATION ,PESTICIDES ,ACHROMOBACTER ,ALGINIC acid ,SEWAGE ,CHLORPYRIFOS - Abstract
This work provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system using a bacterial consortium for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture of iprodione (IPR) and chlorpyrifos (CHL). Two bacterial strains (Achromobacter spanius C1 and Pseudomonas rhodesiae C4) isolated from the biomixture of a biopurification system were able to efficiently remove pesticides IPR and CHL at different concentrations (10 to 100 mg L
−1 ) from the liquid medium as individual strains and free consortium. The half-life time (T1/2 ) for IPR and CHL was determined for individual strains and a free bacterial consortium. However, when the free bacterial consortium was used, a lower T1/2 was obtained, especially for CHL. Based on these results, an immobilized bacterial consortium was formulated with each bacterial strain encapsulated individually in alginate beads. Then, different inoculum concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/v) of the immobilized consortium were evaluated in batch experiments for IPR and CHL removal. The inoculum concentration of 15% w/v demonstrated the highest pesticide removal. Using this inoculum concentration, the packed-bed bioreactor with an immobilized bacterial consortium was operated in continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h−1 ) at a pesticide concentration of 50 mg L−1 each. The performance in the bioreactor demonstrated that it is possible to efficiently remove a pesticide mixture of IPR and CHL in a continuous system. The metabolites 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were produced, and a slight accumulation of TCP was observed. The bioreactor was influenced by TCP accumulation but was able to recover performance quickly. Finally, after 60 days of operation, the removal efficiency was 96% for IPR and 82% for CHL. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is possible to remove IPR and CHL from pesticide-containing wastewater in a continuous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Synergistic effects of combined lead and iprodione exposure on P53 signaling-mediated hepatotoxicity, enterotoxicity and transgenerational toxicity in zebrafish.
- Author
-
Wang R, Deng L, Wang Y, Liu N, Yang M, Qiu J, and Chen C
- Abstract
Environmental heavy metal contamination, combined with inappropriate use of fungicides, has led to the co-existence of lead (Pb) and iprodione (IPR), presenting signification risks to ecosystems and human health. The toxic effects resulting from concurrent exposure to Pb and IPR, however, remain poorly understood. In the study, we conducted a comprehensive 60-day subchronic study to investigate the toxic effects on the liver and gut in parental male zebrafish through employing multi-omics analyses. We also explored the potential transgenerational toxicity to unexposed offspring embryos. The results demonstrated that exposure to both Pb and IPR exacerbated intestinal pathological damage, decreased the expression of intestinal tight junction molecules, and activated the expression of intestinal inflammatory molecules in the gut. Metabolic and microbial analyses, utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolic profiling, revealed alterations in the intestinal flora structure and disruptions in metabolite synthesis. Notably, we observed a significant negative correlation between the abundance of the Lactobacillus genus and uracil synthesis. Furthermore, liver RNA-seq analysis identified a marked enrichment of the P53 signaling pathway, confirmed by the activation of P53-mediated apoptotic markers, which was consistent with the observed increase in inflammatory infiltration and pathological damage within the liver. Importantly, P53-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory responses were activated in offspring embryos, suggesting that long-term parental exposure to Pb and IPR may induce transgenerational toxicity, potentially impacting offspring health. Despite the identification of these molecular changes, the phenotypic effects remain to be elucidated. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the potential phenotypic changes in offspring to fully understand the long-term effects of Pb and IPR exposure. Overall, these findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of Pb and IPR and emphasize the importance of a comprehensive risk assessment of environmental pollutants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Synergetic Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Iprodione against Valsa mali.
- Author
-
Li, Tao, Huang, Weidong, and Yu, Haibing
- Subjects
- *
SILVER nanoparticles , *APPLE growing , *PLANT diseases , *MANCOZEB , *FUNGICIDES , *PESTICIDES - Abstract
Apple tree canker induced by Valsamali is a vital disease in apple production around the world, and it highlyimpacts the development of apple industry. It is of great significance to study the inhibition effect of common fungicides and develop new fungistats for comprehensive control of apple tree canker. In this experiment, the inhibition activity of five fungicides, including mancozeb, metalaxyl, iprodione, prochloraz, and difenoconazole along with biosynthesized nanosilver against V. mali, were measured with the mycelium growth rate and agar well diffusion methods. The results showed that iprodione exhibited the best inhibitory effect, the median inhibition concentration (IC50) of iprodione and nanosilver was 0.62 μg.mL−1 and 45.50 μg.mL−1, the suppression rate achieved 67.93% at 200 μg.mL−1 of nanosilver. Moreover, a remarkable additive and synergistic antimicrobial effect was verified when silver nanoparticles were conjugated with iprodione at 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4 (v/v), and the toxicity ratio was 1.04, 1.13, 1.01, and 0.98, respectively. It is proven that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles could effectively inhibit Valsamali, and it is possible to develop and screen silver nanoparticle-based nano pesticides to manage plant diseases synthetically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. 异菌脲在油菜植株、土壤和水中的代谢途径及代谢物 3,5-DCA 的毒性研究.
- Author
-
汪震, 华修德, 施海燕, and 王鸣华
- Subjects
RAPE (Plant) ,SOIL moisture ,ENVIRONMENTAL security ,CHEMICAL structure ,DEALKYLATION ,SOIL fertility - Abstract
Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Neurobehavioral Responses and Toxic Brain Reactions of Juvenile Rats Exposed to Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos, Alone and in a Mixture
- Author
-
Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim, Nabela I. El Sharkawy, Heba S. A. Gharib, Mona A. Hassan, Mohamed M. M. Metwally, Khlood M. Elbohi, Bayan A. Hassan, and Amany Tharwat Mohammed
- Subjects
iprodione ,chlorpyrifos ,brain ,anxiety ,depression ,acetylcholinesterase ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Herein, male juvenile rats (23th postnatal days (PND)) were exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPS) (7.5 mg/kg b.wt) and/or iprodione (IPD) (200 mg IPD /kg b.wt) until the onset of puberty (60th day PND). Our results demonstrated that IPD and/or CPS exposure considerably reduced locomotion and exploration. However, CPS single exposure induced anxiolytic effects. Yet, neither IPD nor IPD + CPS exposure significantly affected the anxiety index. Of note, IPD and/or CPS-exposed rats showed reduced swimming time. Moreover, IPD induced significant depression. Nonetheless, the CPS- and IPD + CPS-exposed rats showed reduced depression. The individual or concurrent IPD and CPS exposure significantly reduced TAC, NE, and AChE but increased MDA with the maximum alteration at the co-exposure. Moreover, many notable structural encephalopathic alterations were detected in IPD and/or CPS-exposed rat brain tissues. The IPD + CPS co-exposed rats revealed significantly more severe lesions with higher frequencies than the IPD or CPS-exposed ones. Conclusively, IPD exposure induced evident neurobehavioral alterations and toxic reactions in the brain tissues. IPD and CPS have different neurobehavioral effects, particularly regarding depression and anxiety. Hence, co-exposure to IPD and CPS resulted in fewer neurobehavioral aberrations relative to each exposure. Nevertheless, their simultaneous exposure resulted in more brain biochemistry and histological architecture disturbances.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. 50% 异菌脲ꞏ腐霉利悬浮剂在设施和露地番茄上的 残留与安全性评价.
- Author
-
张正辉, 贺 敏, 赵尔成, 余苹中, 颜振敏, and 吴艳兵
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
29. Biodegradation of Iprodione and Chlorpyrifos Using an Immobilized Bacterial Consortium in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor
- Author
-
Marcela Levío-Raimán, Cristian Bornhardt, and M. Cristina Diez
- Subjects
pesticides ,biodegradation ,chlorpyrifos ,iprodione ,immobilized bacterial consortium ,packed-bed bioreactor ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This work provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system using a bacterial consortium for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture of iprodione (IPR) and chlorpyrifos (CHL). Two bacterial strains (Achromobacter spanius C1 and Pseudomonas rhodesiae C4) isolated from the biomixture of a biopurification system were able to efficiently remove pesticides IPR and CHL at different concentrations (10 to 100 mg L−1) from the liquid medium as individual strains and free consortium. The half-life time (T1/2) for IPR and CHL was determined for individual strains and a free bacterial consortium. However, when the free bacterial consortium was used, a lower T1/2 was obtained, especially for CHL. Based on these results, an immobilized bacterial consortium was formulated with each bacterial strain encapsulated individually in alginate beads. Then, different inoculum concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/v) of the immobilized consortium were evaluated in batch experiments for IPR and CHL removal. The inoculum concentration of 15% w/v demonstrated the highest pesticide removal. Using this inoculum concentration, the packed-bed bioreactor with an immobilized bacterial consortium was operated in continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h−1) at a pesticide concentration of 50 mg L−1 each. The performance in the bioreactor demonstrated that it is possible to efficiently remove a pesticide mixture of IPR and CHL in a continuous system. The metabolites 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were produced, and a slight accumulation of TCP was observed. The bioreactor was influenced by TCP accumulation but was able to recover performance quickly. Finally, after 60 days of operation, the removal efficiency was 96% for IPR and 82% for CHL. The findings of this study demonstrate that it is possible to remove IPR and CHL from pesticide-containing wastewater in a continuous system.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Iprodione and/or chlorpyrifos exposure induced testicular toxicity in adult rats by suppression of steroidogenic genes and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway.
- Author
-
Abd-Elhakim, Yasmina M., El Sharkawy, Nabela I., El Bohy, Khlood M., Hassan, Mona A., Gharib, Heba S. A., El-Metwally, Abeer E., Arisha, Ahmed Hamed, and Imam, Tamer S.
- Subjects
PGC-1 protein ,TELOMERASE reverse transcriptase ,GENE silencing ,RATS ,HUMAN sexuality ,SEMEN ,MALE reproductive organs - Abstract
There is cumulative evidence that iprodione (IPR) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide are endocrine disruptors that can evoke reproductive toxicity. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, the outcomes of their co-exposure to male sexual behavior and male fertility are still unknown. The effects of IPR (200 mg/kg b.wt) and CPF (7.45 mg/kg b.wt) single or mutual exposure for 65 days on sexual behavior, sex hormones, testicular enzymes, testis, and accessory sex gland histomorphometric measurements, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. In addition, expression of nuclear receptor subfamily group A (NR5A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B3), silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) genes has been assessed. Our results revealed that the individual or concurrent IPR and CPF exposure significantly disturb the sexual behavior, semen characteristics, testicular enzymes, and male hormones level. Oxidative stress caused by IPR and CPF activates apoptosis by inducing Caspase-3 and reducing Bcl-2. Downregulation of HSD17B3, NR5A1, and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway was evident. Of note, most of these disturbances were exaggerated in rats co-exposed to IPR and CPF compared to IPR or CPF alone. Conclusively, our findings verified that IPR and CPF possibly damage the male reproductive system, and concurrent exposure should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. 聚酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微塑料对 异菌脲土壤环境行为的影响.
- Author
-
赵雪君, 李 达, 刘士领, and 王鸣华
- Subjects
- *
SOIL absorption & adsorption , *PLASTIC marine debris , *SOIL degradation , *ADSORPTION capacity , *ENVIRONMENTAL soil science , *MICROPLASTICS - Abstract
Organic pollutants in the environment may be absorbed by microplastics, which may affect the degradation, adsorption and migration of pesticides in soil. The impact is related to the types of microplastics and pesticides. To clarify the effects of microplastics on the environmental behavior of iprodione in soil, the impacts of microplastic of polyamide (PA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the adsorption, migration, leaching and degradation of iprodione in soil were investigated under simulated indoor conditions. The results showed that the soil sorption constants (Kf ) of soil with 2% PMMA and soil with 2% PA were 2.9 and 1.2 times higher than those of the control soil, respectively. The adsorption capacity of soil for iprodione increased with the increase of pH in the range of pH 4-7. The Rf values of iprodione in the control soil, soil with 2% PA and soil with 2% PMMA were 0.12,0.097 and 0.091, respectively. The concentration of iprodione in the first soil column of the control soil, soil with 2% PA and soil with 2% PMMA were 85.4%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The degradation half-lives of iprodione in the control soil, soil with 2% PA and soil with 2% PMMA were 19.8, 26.7 and 40.8 d, respectively. Microplastics reduced the mobility and prolonged the soil degradation half-life of iprodione by enhancing the soil sorption capacity of iprodione, which aggravated the threat of pesticide to the surface soil environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Embryotoxic effects of Rovral® for early chicken (Gallus gallus) development.
- Author
-
Mitidiero Stachissini Arcain, Beatriz, Gross, Maria Cláudia, Frasson Furtado, Danúbia, and Grade, Carla Vermeulen Carvalho
- Subjects
- *
CHICKENS , *EMBRYOLOGY , *PEST control , *FUNGICIDES , *CHICKEN embryos , *MORPHOGENESIS , *BLOOD testing - Abstract
Rovral® is a fungicide used to control pests that affect various crops and little is known regarding its effects on embryonic development of amniotes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the influence of Rovral® during chicken organogenesis using acute in ovo contamination. Fertilized eggs were inoculated with different concentrations of Rovral® (100, 300, 500 or 750 µl/ml), injected into the egg's air chamber. After 7 days, embryos were examined for possible malformations, staging, weight and mortality. Subsequently, head, trunk, limbs and eyes were measured for morphometry and asymmetry. For blood analysis, eggs were treated with 300 µl/ml Rovral® and glucose, presence of micronuclei and erythrocyte nuclei abnormalities determined. Treatments with Rovral® affected the mortality rate in a concentration-dependent manner. LC50 value was found to be 596 µl/ml which represents 397-fold higher than the recommended concentration for use. Rovral® produced several malformations including hemorrhagic, ocular and cephalic abnormalities. No significant changes were observed in body weight, staging, body measurements, symmetry and glucose levels of live embryos, which indicates this fungicide presents low toxicity under the analyzed conditions. Changes in erythrocyte nuclei were noted; however significant difference was observed only for presence of binucleated erythrocytes. It is important to point out that possibly more significant changes may have occurred at lower concentrations through chronic contamination. Therefore, caution is needed in the use of this fungicide, since it presents teratogenic and mutagenic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Tetrandrine, a Potent Antifungal Agent, Inhibits Mycelial Growth and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea.
- Author
-
Pingliang Li, Jian Zou, Yanhan Dong, Jintao Jiang, Wenxing Liang, and Delong Li
- Subjects
- *
BOTRYTIS cinerea , *MULTIDRUG resistance , *PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms , *ANTIFUNGAL agents , *ALCOHOL dehydrogenase , *CALCIUM antagonists , *SYNAPTIC vesicles , *POTATOES - Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is a potent calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and inflammation. Currently, TET is predominantly used to treat a variety of human diseases, and there is little information regarding the use of TET against plant pathogens. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of TET on a plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. We show that administration of low concentrations of TET effectively inhibited hyphal growth of fungus grown on potato dextrose agarose and decreased the virulence of B. cinerea in tomato plants. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of drug efflux pump-related genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, multidrug/pheromone exporter, pleiotropic drug resistance protein 1, and synaptic vesicle transporter) were downregulated in the presence of TET. Finally, we show that TET acts synergistically with iprodione, resulting in increased inhibition of B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TET might act as an effective antifungal agent in reducing gray mold disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Iprodione and chlorpyrifos induce testicular damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis and suppression of steroidogenic‐ and spermatogenic‐related genes in immature male albino rats.
- Author
-
Hassan, Mona A., El Bohy, Khlood M., El Sharkawy, Nabela I., Imam, Tamer S., El‐Metwally, Abeer E., Hamed Arisha, Ahmed, Mohammed, Haiam A., and Abd‐Elhakim, Yasmina M.
- Subjects
- *
MALE reproductive health , *MALE reproductive organs , *GENES , *OXIDATIVE stress , *GENITALIA , *ELLAGIC acid , *CHLORPYRIFOS - Abstract
The fungicide iprodione (IPR) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) are concurrently applied for early disease control in fruits and other crops. However, there are no available data about the impacts of their co‐exposure. Additionally, IPR and CPF are known as endocrine disruptors that can cause reproductive toxicity. The outcomes of their co‐exposure on the development of male reproductive organs are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk of exposure to these pesticides, particularly on the postnatal development of the male albino rat reproductive system from postnatal days 23–60. The results revealed that a single IPR or CPF exposure has harmful consequences on the reproductive development and function manifested by reduced testicular weight, serious changes in sperm characteristics, reproductive hormone level imbalance, testicular enzymes, oxidative stress and apoptosis‐related enzymes, which correlated with transcription levels of steroidogenic‐ and spermatogenic‐related genes. Histopathologically, both compounds caused severe damage in the testis and accessory glands architecture. Notably, co‐exposure to IPR and CPF in rats caused more serious damage, indicative of an additive effect than individual exposure, so concurrent exposure should be avoided as it is more hazardous, especially on male fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. N‐acetylcysteine reduced the immunotoxicity effects induced in vitro by azoxystrobin and iprodione fungicides in mice.
- Author
-
Naasri, Sahar, Helali, Imen, Aouni, Majoub, Mastouri, Maha, and Harizi, Hedi
- Subjects
FUNGICIDES ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,PERITONEAL macrophages ,FUNGICIDE resistance ,AZOXYSTROBIN ,IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY ,ACETYLCYSTEINE ,MICE - Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZO) and Iprodione (IPR) fungicides are extensively used worldwide, and therefore, contaminate all environmental compartments. The toxicity and the mechanisms by which they affected immune cells are complex and remain unknown. This study investigated the impact of AZO and IPR on the in vitro function of mice peritoneal macrophages including lysosomal enzyme activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and nitric oxide (NO) production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the proliferation of mice splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin (Con)A and LPS, and the production of the Th1cytokine interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) and the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 by ConA‐activated splenocytes. This is the first report indicating that AZO and IPR fungicides dose‐dependently inhibited mice macrophage lysosomal enzyme activity and LPS‐stimulated production of TNFα and NO. Mitogen‐induced proliferation of mice splenocytes was also suppressed by AZO and IPR in a dose‐dependent manner. More pronounced impact was observed on ConA‐induced response. The production of IFNγ by ConA‐stimulated splenocytes was dose‐dependently inhibited; however, the production of IL‐4 and IL‐10 increased in the same conditions. These results suggested that AZO and IPR polarized Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards Th2 response. Overall, marked immunosuppressive effects were observed for AZO. The immunomodulatory effects caused by AZO and IPR were partially reversed by the pharmacological antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting that both fungicides exerted their actions through, at least in part, oxidative stress‐dependent mechanism. Collectively, our data showed that AZO and IPR fungicides exerted potent immunomodulatory effects in vitro with eventually strong consequences on immune response and immunologically based diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Dose-independent genotoxic response in A549 cell line exposed to fungicide Iprodione.
- Author
-
Andrioli, Nancy B. and Chaufan, Gabriela
- Abstract
The fungicide Iprodione is widely applied in vegetables and raises concern for human health. The A549 human lung carcinoma cell line is a suitable model for assessing the toxicological effects of drugs. The goal of this work was to evaluate the genotoxicity and oxidative stress in the A549 cell line exposed to sublethal concentrations from 3 to 100 µg/mL Iprodione considering LC50 = 243.4 µg/mL Iprodione, as determined by the MTT assay. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were performed to determine the association between the responses NDI, MNim and MNib and the explanatory variables. Iprodione and solvent were relativized to the control whereas the concentration was included as numeric variable. ANOVA was used for the comparison of treatments. The coefficients of linear association between the explanatory variables and NDI, and the coefficients of logistic association between explanatory variables and MNim were not significant. However, these coefficients showed significant association with MNib only for Iprodione treatment but not for Iprodione concentration, indicating lack of dose–response relationship. Genotoxicity risk assessment indicated that the increase in Iprodione concentrations increased slightly the probability of belonging to the genotoxic category. ANOVA showed significant differences in MNib, and non-significant differences in NDI and MNim among treatments. The oxidative stress analysis performed at 3, 12, and 25 μg/mL Iprodione showed a significant and linear increase in SOD, and a significant and linear decrease in GSH and GST. The Dunnett test was significant for GSH at 12 and SOD at 25 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis in Danish Strawberry Production.
- Author
-
Nielsen, Bent J., Jensen, Nauja L., Hartvig, Peter, Hjelmroth, Louise, and Weber, Roland W. S.
- Subjects
FUNGICIDE resistance ,FUNGICIDES ,STRAWBERRIES ,BOTRYTIS ,INTEGRATED pest control ,FRUIT harvesting - Abstract
Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Rapid detection of iprodione in cucumber and apple using an immunochromatographic strip test
- Author
-
Pengjie Luo, Xia Chen, Jing Xiao, Yunfeng Zhao, and Zifei Wang
- Subjects
fungicides ,immunochromatographic assay ,iprodione ,monoclonal antibody ,strip test ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
In recent years, fungicides have been frequently detected in soil, water, and air because of their extensive use, with detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, the screening of foods for iprodione (IPRO) has become mandatory. A rapid, specific and sensitive method based on an immunochromatographic strip test has been developed for the determination of IPRO residues in cucumber and apple. The antigen IPRO-ovalbumin and a goat anti-mouse IgG antibody were drawn onto a nitrocellulose membrane as the test and control lines, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the cut-off limits of the semi-quantitative strip test for IPRO was as low as 10 ng/mL in 0.01 M PBS pH 7.4, 20 ng/mL in cucumber juice, and 25 ng/mL in apple juice and the results were obtained within 5 min. Our data suggests that this immunochromatographic assay can be used for the sensitive, rapid, and specific on-site screening of IPRO in cucumber and apple.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. 异菌脲在葱上的残留行为及长期膳食风险评估.
- Author
-
韩永涛, 张艳峰, and 王会利
- Subjects
- *
SHALLOT , *ETHYL acetate , *CARBON-black , *SECONDARY amines , *RISK assessment , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - Abstract
Supervised field trials were conducted in Shandong, Anhui, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang and Henan province in 2018. A highly efficient and simple method was developed for the determination of iprodione in shallot using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, purified with primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecylsilane (C18) and graphitized carbon black (GCB), and detected by GC-MS. A good linear relationship between the peak area and the concentration of iprodione was observed in the range of 0.02-20 mg/L with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The recoveries of iprodione in shallot ranged from 81% to 96% with the RSDs of 3%-9% at the spiked levels of 0.05, 0.5 and 20 mg/kg. The limit of quantitation of iprodione was 0.05 mg/kg. Results showed that the dissipation of iprodione in shallot fitted to the first order kinetics with the half-lives ranged from 12.2 to 15.8 d. The 255 g/L suspension concentrate (SC) of iprodione was sprayed at 750 and 1 125 g a.i./hm2 for 2-3 times on shallot. Then samples were taken and determined at 3, 5, 7 and 14 d after the last application. Results indicated that the residue of iprodione in shallot was 2.53-15.6 mg/kg. Finally, the long-term dietary risk assessment was conducted using the principle of risk maximization. The results revealed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of iprodione was 2.065 0 mg for general population, accounting for 54.6% of the acceptable daily intake, which demonstrated that the terminal residue of iprodione in shallot would not cause unacceptable risk to the health of the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Accelerated decomposition of the fungicide, iprodione, on TiO2 surface under solar irradiation: experimental study and DFT mechanisms.
- Author
-
Gorbachev, Mikhail Yu, Gorinchoy, Natalia N., and Osipov, Ivan
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR surface , *TITANIUM dioxide , *INTERMEDIATE goods , *VISIBLE spectra , *IRRADIATION - Abstract
In the present work we have studied photo-induced decomposition of iprodione on silica support with different additions of titanium dioxide. Both the experimental and theoretical (DFT) approaches have been applied. It was found that 16 hours visible light exposure of the samples with 0.1% and 1.0% of TiO2 leads respectively to 48.28% and 21.05% of residual amounts of iprodione in these samples. A number of intermediates and end products were identified by means of GS-MS and LC-MS chromatography. The iprodione isomer (RP 30228) and its decay product 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropyl biuret (RP 36221) were identified among them. Our DFT calculations have revealed the detailed mechanisms of formation of the above products and the mechanism of accelerated proton-induced decomposition of iprodione molecules adsorbed on the TiO2 surface. Also, the intra-molecular reasons for iprodione stability in acidic media were clarified together with the mechanism of hydantoin cycle opening under the action of hydroxyl anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
41. Residue behavior and removal of iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoot.
- Author
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Bian, Yanli, Wang, Juan, Liu, Fengmao, Mao, Biming, Huang, Hongwei, Xu, Jingyi, Li, Xiaohan, and Guo, Yangyang
- Subjects
- *
GARLIC , *ALKALINE solutions , *SALT , *DRINKING water - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Iprodione is considered to be an endocrine‐disturbing pesticide, which could harm consumers. The garlic crop has three edible parts: the garlic, the green garlic, and the garlic shoot, which correspond to different stages of its growth. In this study, iprodione residue dissipation and distribution in these three edible parts were investigated, and dietary risk was evaluated. RESULTS: Iprodione residues were present in these samples in the following order: green garlic > garlic shoot > > garlic. The dissipation of iprodione in green garlic was slow with a half‐life of 5.82–19.25 days. A very high RQchronic value of 207.35–407.30% suggested that the residual iprodione in green garlic had an unacceptable level of risk. Iprodione residue was significantly eliminated (59–90%) by an alkaline solution. The order for removing iprodione by soaking was the alkaline solutions (0.5% and 2% NaHCO3) > the acidic solutions (5% and 10% of vinegar) ≈ the neutral solutions (the 1% and 2% of table salt) > tap water. Processing factors (PFs) were <1, indicating that processing could decrease the iprodione residue level. CONCLUSION: This work could contribute to establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for iprodione in garlic, green garlic, and garlic shoots, and could provide guidance on the safe and appropriate use of iprodione in the garlic crop. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. UV-C-activated persulfate oxidation of a commercially important fungicide: case study with iprodione in pure water and simulated tertiary treated urban wastewater.
- Author
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Montazeri, Bahareh, Ucun, Olga Koba, Arslan-Alaton, Idil, and Olmez-Hanci, Tugba
- Subjects
FUNGICIDES ,VIBRIO fischeri ,DISTILLED water ,OXIDATION ,FORMIC acid ,ACETIC acid - Abstract
Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has banned the use of iprodione (IPR), a common hydantoin fungicide and nematicide that was frequently used for the protective treatment of crops and vegetables. In the present study, the treatment of 2 mg/L (6.06 μM) aqueous IPR solution through ultraviolet-C (UV-C)-activated persulfate (PS) advanced oxidation process (UV-C/PS) was investigated. Baseline experiments conducted in distilled water (DW) indicated that complete IPR removal was achieved in 20 min with UV-C/PS treatment at an initial PS concentration of 0.03 mM at pH = 6.2. IPR degradation was accompanied with rapid dechlorination (followed as Cl
− release) and PS consumption. UV-C/PS treatment was also effective in IPR mineralization; 78% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed after 120-min UV-C/PS treatment (PS = 0.30 mM) compared with UV-C at 0.5 W/L photolysis where no DOC removal occurred. LC analysis confirmed the formation of dichloroaniline, hydroquinone, and acetic and formic acids as the major aromatic and aliphatic degradation products of IPR during UV-C/PS treatment whereas only dichloroaniline was observed for UV-C photolysis under the same reaction conditions. IPR was also subjected to UV-C/PS treatment in simulated tertiary treated urban wastewater (SWW) to examine its oxidation performance and ecotoxicological behavior in a more complex aquatic environment. In SWW, IPR and DOC removal rates were inhibited and PS consumption rates decreased. The originally low acute toxicity (9% relative inhibition towards the photobacterium Vibrio fischeri) decreased to practically non-detectable levels (4%) during UV-C/PS treatment of IPR in SWW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The response of soil and phyllosphere microbial communities to repeated application of the fungicide iprodione: accelerated biodegradation or toxicity?
- Author
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Katsoula, A, Vasileiadis, S, Sapountzi, M, and Karpouzas, Dimitrios G
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIAL communities , *FUNGICIDES , *SOILS , *BIODEGRADATION , *SOIL microbiology , *SOIL microbial ecology - Abstract
Pesticides interact with microorganisms in various ways with the outcome being negative or positive for the soil microbiota. Pesticides' effects on soil microorganisms have been studied extensively in soil but not in other pesticides-exposed microbial habitats like the phyllosphere. We tested the hypothesis that soil and phyllosphere support distinct microbial communities, but exhibit a similar response (accelerated biodegradation or toxicity) to repeated exposure to the fungicide iprodione. Pepper plants received four repeated foliage or soil applications of iprodione, which accelerated its degradation in soil (DT50_1st = 1.23 and DT50_4th = 0.48 days) and on plant leaves (DT50_1st > 365 and DT50_4th = 5.95 days). The composition of the epiphytic and soil bacterial and fungal communities, determined by amplicon sequencing, was significantly altered by iprodione. The archaeal epiphytic and soil communities responded differently; the former showed no response to iprodione. Three iprodione-degrading Paenarthrobacter strains were isolated from soil and phyllosphere. They hydrolyzed iprodione to 3,5-dichloraniline via the formation of 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxiamide and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate, a pathway shared by other soil-derived arthrobacters implying a phylogenetic specialization in iprodione biotransformation. Our results suggest that iprodione-repeated application could affect soil and epiphytic microbial communities with implications for the homeostasis of the plant–soil system and agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Zehn Jahre Fungizidresistenztests bei Botrytis im norddeutschen Erdbeeranbau.
- Author
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Weber, Roland W. S.
- Subjects
FUNGICIDE resistance ,FUNGICIDES ,STRAWBERRIES - Abstract
Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Exploring the interaction mechanism of a dicarboxamide fungicide, iprodione with bovine serum albumin.
- Author
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Tayyab, Saad, Min, Loh Hui, Kabir, Md. Zahirul, Kandandapani, Salanee, Ridzwan, Nor Farrah Wahidah, and Mohamad, Saharuddin B.
- Abstract
Binding of iprodione (IPR), a dicarboxamide fungicide, to the carrier protein in bovine circulation, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was characterized with the help of fluorescence, absorption, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral measurements in combination with computational analysis. The increase in the K
SV (Stern–Volmer constant) value with temperature and absorption spectral results characterized the IPR-induced quenching of BSA fluorescence as dynamic quenching. On the other hand, higher value (> 1011 M−1 s−1 ) of the bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq ) suggested complex formation between IPR and BSA. In view of it, increase in KSV value with temperature can be considered as an indication of the involvement of endothermic apolar (hydrophobic) interactions in stabilizing the IPR–BSA complex, as these forces are maximized at higher temperature. A weak binding affinity was anticipated from the values of the binding constant (Ka = 0.83–2.69 × 103 M−1 ) for IPR–BSA association. Thermodynamic analysis of the binding data further supported contribution of hydrophobic interactions in the IPR–BSA association process. This result was validated by the computational docking analysis. Spectral results from three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism demonstrated microenvironmental changes around BSA fluorophores and protein's structural (secondary and tertiary) alterations, respectively, upon IPR binding to the protein. Slight variation in the secondary structures of BSA in the presence of IPR was also verified from FTIR spectral results. IPR was found to bind to both site I (subdomain IIA) and site II (subdomain IIIA) of BSA, showing more preference toward site II, as identified by the competitive drug displacement results and supported by the computational analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Low-cost sugarcane bagasse and peanut shell magnetic-composites applied in the removal of carbofuran and iprodione pesticides.
- Author
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Toledo-Jaldin, Helen Paola, Sánchez-Mendieta, Víctor, Blanco-Flores, Alien, López-Téllez, Gustavo, Vilchis-Nestor, Alfredo Rafael, and Martín-Hernández, Osnieski
- Subjects
PEANUT hulls ,BAGASSE ,PESTICIDES ,SUGARCANE ,CHEMICAL processes ,MAGNETIC nanoparticles ,MAGNETITE - Abstract
In the present study, two agro-industrial wastes, sugarcane bagasse, and peanut shell were employed as support of magnetite nanoparticles for the synthesis of magnetic bio-composites: magnetic sugarcane bagasse (MB
O ) and magnetic peanut shell (MPSo). The presence of magnetite was verified by Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic nanoparticles shape and size distribution were studied by TEM, while composites morphologies were observed by SEM. Structural characteristics of the pesticides and their possible chemical adsorption on composites were analyzed by FTIR. The removal was carried out by a batch adsorption process, and UV-VIS technique was used for pesticide concentration estimation. Elovich model described better all systems pointing out to a chemical adsorption process occurring. Experimental data isotherms of carbofuran and iprodione can be best explained by more than one mathematical model, but Sip was the ordinary equation in all systems. Maximum adsorption capacities of 175 and 89.3 mg/g for carbofuran, and 119 and 2.76 mg/g for iprodione, were obtained for MBo and MPSo, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Morphogenetic Alterations of Alternaria alternata Exposed to Dicarboximide Fungicide, Iprodione
- Author
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Eunji Kim, Hye Min Lee, and Young Ho Kim
- Subjects
Alternaria alternata ,conidia ,iprodione ,lipid body ,wall thickening ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Fungicide-resistant Alternaria alternata impede the practical control of the Alternaria diseases in crop fields. This study aimed to investigate cytological fungicide resistance mechanisms of A. alternata against dicarboximide fungicide iprodione. A. alternata isolated from cactus brown spot was cultured on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) with or without iprodione, and the fungal cultures with different growth characteristics from no, initial and full growth were observed by light and electron microscopy. Mycelia began to grow from one day after incubation (DAI) and continued to be in full growth (control-growth, Con-G) on PDA without fungicide, while on PDA with iprodione, no fungal growth (iprodione-no growth, Ipr-N) occurred for the first 3 DAI, but once the initial growth (iprodione-initial growth, Ipr-I) began at 4–5 DAI, the colonies grew and expanded continuously to be in full growth (iprodione-growth, Ipr-G), suggesting Ipr-I may be a turning moment of the morphogenetic changes resisting fungicidal toxicity. Con-G formed multicellular conidia with cell walls and septa and intact dense cytoplasm. In Ipr-N, fungal sporulation was inhibited by forming mostly undeveloped unicellular conidia with degraded and necrotic cytoplasm. However, in Ipr-I, conspicuous cellular changes occurred during sporulation by forming multicellular conidia with double layered (thickened) cell walls and accumulation of proliferated lipid bodies in the conidial cytoplasm, which may inhibit the penetration of the fungicide into conidial cells, reducing fungicide-associated toxicity, and may be utilized as energy and nutritional sources, respectively, for the further fungal growth to form mature colonies as in Ipr-G that formed multicellular conidia with cell walls and intact cytoplasm with lipid bodies as in Con-G.
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
48. Binding Mode and Molecular Mechanism of the Two-Component Histidine Kinase Bos1 of Botrytis cinerea to Fludioxonil and Iprodione.
- Author
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Yin X, Li P, Wang Z, Wang J, Fang A, Tian B, Yang Y, Yu Y, and Bi C
- Subjects
- Plant Diseases microbiology, Molecular Docking Simulation, Mutation, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Botrytis genetics, Botrytis drug effects, Botrytis enzymology, Dioxoles pharmacology, Fungicides, Industrial pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Hydantoins pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology, Pyrroles metabolism, Histidine Kinase genetics, Histidine Kinase metabolism, Aminoimidazole Carboxamide analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is among the 10 most serious fungal diseases worldwide. Fludioxonil is widely used to prevent and control gray mold due to its low toxicity and high efficiency; however, resistance caused by long-term use has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, exploring the resistance mechanism of fungicides provides a theoretical basis for delaying the occurrence of diseases and controlling gray mold. In this study, fludioxonil-resistant strains were obtained through indoor drug domestication, and the mutation sites were determined by sequencing. Strains obtained by site-directed mutagenesis were subjected to biological analysis, and the binding modes of fludioxonil and iprodione to Botrytis cinerea Bos1 BcBos1 were predicted by molecular docking. The results showed that F127S, I365S/N, F127S + I365N, and I376M mutations on the Bos1 protein led to a decrease in the binding energy between the drug and BcBos1 . The A1259T mutation did not lead to a decrease in the binding energy, which was not the cause of drug resistance. The biological fitness of the fludioxonil- and point mutation-resistant strains decreased, and their growth rate, sporulation rate, and pathogenicity decreased significantly. The glycerol content of the sensitive strains was significantly lower than that of the resistant strains and increased significantly after treatment with 0.1 μg/ml of fludioxonil, whereas that of the resistant strains decreased. The osmotic sensitivity of the resistant strains was significantly lower than that of the sensitive strains. Positive cross-resistance was observed between fludioxonil and iprodione. These results will help to understand the resistance mechanism of fludioxonil in Botrytis cinerea more deeply., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Rapid detection of iprodione in cucumber and apple using an immunochromatographic strip test.
- Author
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Luo, Pengjie, Chen, Xia, Xiao, Jing, Zhao, Yunfeng, and Wang, Zifei
- Subjects
- *
APPLE juice , *FUNGICIDES , *CUCUMBERS , *APPLES - Abstract
In recent years, fungicides have been frequently detected in soil, water, and air because of their extensive use, with detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, the screening of foods for iprodione (IPRO) has become mandatory. A rapid, specific and sensitive method based on an immunochromatographic strip test has been developed for the determination of IPRO residues in cucumber and apple. The antigen IPRO-ovalbumin and a goat anti-mouse IgG antibody were drawn onto a nitrocellulose membrane as the test and control lines, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the cut-off limits of the semi-quantitative strip test for IPRO was as low as 10 ng/mL in 0.01 M PBS pH 7.4, 20 ng/mL in cucumber juice, and 25 ng/mL in apple juice and the results were obtained within 5 min. Our data suggests that this immunochromatographic assay can be used for the sensitive, rapid, and specific on-site screening of IPRO in cucumber and apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 多菌灵等4 种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病菌的室内生物活性.
- Author
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周 浩, 李丽翠, 樊 杰, 余知和, 汪汉成, 陈兴江, 马 骏, and 刘锦华
- Abstract
The in vitro bioactivities of four fungicides (carbendazim, iprodione, pyrimethanil, propiconazole) against Botrytis cinerea from tobacco were investigated using mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method. Their protective and curative activities against grey mould on detached leaves were investigated. The results showed that the four fungicides had different inhibitory activities. The fungicide with the highest toxic potential against the mycelial growth of B. cinerea was carbendazim with average EC50 value of 0.06 mg/L, followed by propiconazole, pyrimethanil and iprodione, with average EC50 values of 0.36, 0.53 and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 values of fungicides against spore germination were as followings: iprodione (2.05 mg/L), propiconazole (2.21 mg/L), pyrimethanil (10.56 mg/L) and carbendazim (131.23 mg/L). The most effective fungicide with the best protective and curative activities was iprodione and carbendazim. At the concentration of 200 mg/L, protective control efficacies were both 100% and the curative efficacies were 98.3% and 91.8%, respectively. This study provided scientific basis for guiding the control of tobacco grey mould. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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