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The objectives of this study were to assess the perception of a national certification programme for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), specifically IPR (Integrated Plant Production). Another aim was to indicate the barriers of the implementation and the benefits of the practices within the IPR certification. The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire. The results were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and an analysis of the correlations between demographic characteristics and the perception of the certificate among IPR-certified farmers. Among the motivations for implementing the certificate and perceived benefits, respondents revealed specific values: a high level of social and environmental awareness and responsibility, a relatively high pursuit of material security, and a strong pro-market attitude. Of these factors, the responsibility and awareness factor best described the population, while the material security factor was less significant. The demographic characteristics in the researched population were found to be statistically insignificant for the perception of the programme and presented values. The second part of the study revealed a number of phenomena observed in the context of implementing the certificate, including positive environmental changes and those related to relations with market partners. One of the hidden factors behind these changes was the time factor. In this context, it was suggested that the longer validity of the certificate may increase interest in it. Recommendations were also formulated regarding addressing the values declared by respondents as being key in implementing IPR certification and minimising the gap in expectations regarding the price and the price obtained for certified products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Anwendung materiellen österreichischen Rechts bei einer (teilweise) in Ungarn durchgeführten Zahnbehandlung, die in Österreich angebahnt wurde. 2. Der Vertrag zwischen einem Patienten und einem Zahnarzt ist zunächst wie jeder Arztvertrag ein sogenannter „freier" Dienstvertrag. Wenn aber der Zahnarzt mit der Vornahme bestimmter zahnprothetischer Arbeiten beauftragt wird, treten zum Dienstvertrag auch Elemente eines Werkvertrags hinzu. Es ist daher gerechtfertigt, auf die Tätigkeit des Zahnarztes zum Beispiel das Gewährleistungsrecht des Werkvertrags nach § 1167 ABGB oder die Bestimmungen über die Warnpflicht nach § 1168a ABGB anzuwenden. Gegenstand des vorliegenden zahnärztlichen Behandlungsvertrags war das Ziehen des Zahns Nummer 16 sowie das Einsetzen zweier Implantate und 16 Metallkronen. Die Vorinstanzen gingen zutreffend davon aus, dass der vorliegende zahnärztliche Behandlungsvertrag als gemischter Vertrag, der auch Elemente des Werkvertrags enthält, zu beurteilen ist. 3. Das Problem des etwaigen Ersatzes der Sowieso-Kosten stellt sich dort, wo ein Werk einen bestimmten Erfolg aufweisen soll, dieser Erfolg aber mit den im Vertrag vorgesehenen qualitativ und/oder quantitativ einzusetzenden Mitteln nicht erreicht werden kann. Im vorliegenden Fall stellt sich die Frage des Ersatzes der Sowieso-Kosten schon aus dem Grund nicht, weil es keine Anhaltspunkte dafür gibt, dass die Herstellung des Zahnersatzes des Klägers durch die qualitativ und quantitativ vorgesehenen und auch eingesetzten Mittel der Beklagten nicht erreichbar gewesen wäre. Vielmehr steht im vorliegenden Fall fest, dass den Ärzten der Beklagten mehrfach Behandlungsfehler unterlaufen sind, die zu massiven Beschwerden des Klägers führten, deren Behandlung eine komplette Erneuerung der bestehenden Versorgung erfordert. Der Kläger macht damit nicht die Kosten zur Erreichung des Vertragszwecks, also jene einer fehlerfreien Gebisssanierung geltend, sondern solche Kosten, die für die Beseitigung der durch die Behandlungsfehler verursachten gesundheitlichen Beschwerden erforderlich sind. Zu den Heilungskosten gehört jeder Aufwand, der zur gänzlichen oder teilweisen Heilung des durch die Verletzung hervorgerufenen Zustands erforderlich ist. Zu ersetzen ist der zweckmäßig gemachte Aufwand. Der Frage nach Sowieso-Kosten kommt in diesem Zusammenhang keine Relevanz zu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, communities have developed a close and unique connection with the lands and environments in which they live. They have established distinct systems of knowledge, innovations and practices relating to the uses and management of biological diversity on these lands and environment. Much of this knowledge forms an important contribution to research and development, particularly in the areas such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural and cosmetic products. This increasing economic importance of biological resources and related knowledge to these resources has made the allocation of property rights as one of the most contentious issues in the discussions concerning biodiversity management. But this new allocation does not recognize any property rights of holders over their knowledge. As far India is concerned one of the mega biodiversity countries of the world and also concentrated with indigenous people too. But existing legal framework does not confer positive protection, to the rights of traditional knowledge holders in the protection of traditional knowledge. In this context, the paper is going to look into the potential challenges faced by the State in the formulation of a law for protection of TK in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid use to Artificial Intelligence in different fields has transformed our day-to-day activities. Thus, the field of Intellectual properties is no exception, and Artificial Intelligence has been extensively used in creative and innovative field and it plays a very crucial role in Copyright Law amongst the other Intellectual Property Rights. Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded from a socio-legal perspective not just in terms of its technological capabilities, but also in terms of its interactions with society and the legal system. The term "artificial intelligence" refers to the creation of computer systems or software capable of doing tasks that would typically need human intelligence. These tasks include learning, thinking, problem solving, perception, language comprehension, and interaction. This article looks at the interaction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Copyright Law in India from a socio-legal standpoint. As Artificial Intelligence technologies evolve, they present distinct difficulties to existing Copyright Law. This paper looks at the implications of Artificial Intelligence and the societal consequences of these advances. Given India's extensive effort in the field of AI, the following research paper would be useful in determining the socio-legal implications of use Artificial Intelligence and Copyright in India, it shall provide insights of whether people are aware about the concept of Artificial Intelligence and Copyright, potential concerns and future possibilities by conducting a thorough review of articles, case studies, and empirical research by way of questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary reflects on the contributions by Egan, Delimatsis and Verghese that provide historical accounts of ETSI’s origin and its dynamic evolution and attempt to explain its resilience. In this commentary, we place focus on ETSI’s unique attributes and their dynamic evolution to arrive at a better understanding of its resilience during critical moments and over time. We identify three such key attributes, namely ETSI’s institutional set-up and openness, its standard-setting activities and flexibility and the ETSI IPR policy. The article illuminates their importance, also in ETSI’s interactions with the European Commission and how these traits originated, were activated and evolved during critical moments. Taken together, these contributions suggest that the governance reforms proposed by the EU risk undermining the attractiveness of open European ICT standardization, a key ingredient of ETSI’s very success in ICT matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birth of intellectual property right (IPR) is accompanied by the emergence of scientific and technological revolution, and is deeply influenced by continuous advancement of science and technology. Meanwhile, the emergence of new technology will inevitably undergo a process of development, game, evolution or even extinction. As an important proxy of IPR, patents play a crucial role in indicating the evolution of IPR. Therefore, this paper focuses on the S‐type diffusion and evolutionary game process of IPR, and reveals the main influencing factors of this dynamic evolution process by constructing a bionic evolution system of IPR development through empirical research combined with data analysis methods. This research can promote a deeper understanding of both the formation and the future developmental logic of IPR for the academic community, and will provide new research ideas for improving the theoretical system of IPR. Moreover, this can provide some new solutions to the operation of IPR system and the practice of strategic promotion in a new round of scientific and technological revolution under the new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Onderneming en Financiering is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ozone pollution is formed through complex chemical and physical processes closely associated with emissions, photochemical reactions, and meteorological conditions. The objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of meteorological chemical formation, vertical transport, and horizontal transport to air quality during spring and summer in different regions of the Sichuan Basin. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) with the Integrated Process Rate (IPR) was employed to simulate the months of April and July 2021 in the Sichuan Basin. The results indicate that both the spring and summer chemical formation of ozone in the urban centre show negative values, while the surrounding urban areas contribute positively, with chemical formation ranging from 0 to 10 μg·m−3. The maximum ozone level due to horizontal transport in the urban centre exceeds 20 μg·m−3, whereas horizontal transport in the surrounding urban areas exhibits negative values, with transport contributions concentrated within the range of −5 to 0 μg·m−3. The vertical transport in the central and southern parts of the basin shows positive values, with transport contributions ranging from 0 to 10 μg·m−3, and the urban centre exhibits relatively stronger vertical transport with contributions ranging from 10 to 20 μg·m−3. Although the chemical formation contribution in the urban centre is relatively small due to high nitrogen oxide emissions, vertical and horizontal transport play significant roles and are among the key factors contributing to ozone pollution formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ATTRACT’s European Scientific Research Infrastructures’ Innovation Ecosystem (ERI-IE) is vital to academia-industry cooperation but faces challenges under state aid rules designed to protect market competition. Employing quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including surveys and semi-structured interviews, the ExSACT project investigated how state aid regulations impact the financing of research, research and technology infrastructure (RI/TI) usage, and intellectual property rights (IPR) transfer in the EU. Findings indicate that limited awareness of state aid rules can hinder public investment and complicate RI/TI usage and IPR management. While the organizations recognize IPR's importance, they need more support with licensing and inventor incentives. IP registration processes are most refined for inventions and trade secrets, with less emphasis on industrial design and trademarks. Additionally, researchers expressed frustration with the complexity of state aid regulations. This research highlights the need to simplify state aid rules and improve understanding within state administrations, enabling smoother cooperation and technology transfer between the ERI, industry stakeholders, and society as a whole.

This study aims to examine the bambu gila dance as a potential intellectual property for traditional cultural expressions in Maluku which should receive legal protection as part of efforts to defend cultural heritage from claims of ownership by other parties or other countries. Bambu Gila Dance is one of the famous traditional arts from Maluku. The traditional cultural expression in the form of the Bambu Gila dance is expressly protected by the Indonesian intellectual property rights system. However, protection for Bambu Gila Dance as a traditional cultural expression cannot be realized so that it can only be used by other parties illegally. This research is a normative juridical research supported by primary legal materials and secondary legal materials with a conceptual approach and statutory approach. Legal protection for the traditional Bambu Gila dance from Maluku Province has not been effectively implemented, both based on Article 38 of Law Number 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright, as well as in terms of the actions of government officials who have not been able to inventory traditional dance performance artworks as an expression traditional culture in Maluku including the Bambu Gila Dance. The role of the Provincial and Regency Governments in Maluku is crucial in realizing legal protection for traditional dances, including the Bambu Gila Dance, as intangible cultural heritage through the establishment of regional regulations. These regulations serve as legal basic to provide legal certainty as part of efforts for preventive legal protection for the Bambu Gila Dance.

Introduction: After adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, patients often require postoperative rehabilitation at an inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) center or a skilled nursing facility (SNF). However, home discharge is often preferred by patients and hsas been shown to decrease costs. In a cohort of patients undergoing ASD surgery, we sought to (1) report the incidence of discharge to home, (2) determine the factors significantly associated with discharge to home in the form of a simple scoring system, and (3) evaluate the impact of discharge disposition on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods: A single-institution, retrospective cohort study was undertaken for patients undergoing ASD surgery from 2009 to 2021. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 5-level fusion, sagittal/coronal deformity, and at least 2-year follow-up. Exposure variables included preoperative, perioperative, and radiographic data. The primary outcome was discharge status (dichotomized as home vs. IPR/SNF). Secondary outcomes included PROMs, such as the numeric rating scales (NRSs) for back and leg pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EQ-5D. A subanalysis comparing IPR to SNF discharge was conducted. Univariate analysis was performed. Results: Of 221 patients undergoing ASD surgery with a mean age of 63.6 ± 17.6, 112 (50.6%) were discharged home, 71 (32.2%) were discharged to an IPR center, and 38 (17.2%) were discharged to an SNF. Patients discharged home were significantly younger (55.7 ± 20.1 vs. 71.8 ± 9.1, p < 0.001), had lower rate of 2+ comorbidities (38.4% vs. 45.0%, p = 0.001), and had less hypertension (57.1% vs. 75.2%, p = 0.005). Perioperatively, patients who were discharged home had significantly fewer levels instrumented (10.0 ± 3.0 vs. 11.0 ± 3.4 levels, p = 0.030), shorter operative times (381.4 ± 139.9 vs. 461.6 ± 149.8 mins, p < 0.001), less blood loss (1101.0 ± 977.8 vs. 1739.7 ± 1332.9 mL, p < 0.001), and shorter length of stay (5.4 ± 2.8 vs. 9.3 ± 13.9 days, p < 0.001). Radiographically, preoperative SVA (9.1 ± 6.5 vs. 5.2 ± 6.8 cm, p < 0.001), PT (27.5 ± 11.1° vs. 23.4 ± 10.8°, p = 0.031), and T1PA (28.9 ± 12.7° vs. 21.6 ± 13.6°, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients who were discharged to an IPR center/SNF. Additionally, the operating surgeon also significantly influenced the disposition status (p < 0.001). A scoring system of the listed factors was proposed and was validated using univariate logistic regression (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.34–1.78, p < 0.001) and ROC analysis, which revealed a cutoff value of > 6 points as a predictor of non-home discharge (AUC = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.68–0.80, p < 0.001, sensitivity = 63.3%, specificity = 74.1%). The factors in the scoring system were age > 56, comorbidities ≥ 2, hypertension, TIL ≥ 10, operative time > 357 mins, EBL > 1200 mL, preop SVA > 6.6 cm, preop PT > 33.6°, and preop T1PA > 15°. When comparing IPR (n = 71) vs. SNF (n = 38), patients discharged to an SNF were significantly older (74.4 ± 8.6 vs. 70.4 ± 9.1, p = 0.029) and were more likely to be female (89.5% vs. 70.4%, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Approximately 50% of patients were discharged home after ASD surgery. A simple scoring system based on age > 56, comorbidities ≥ 2, hypertension, total instrumented levels ≥ 10, operative time > 357 mins, EBL > 1200 mL, preop SVA > 6.6 cm, preop PT > 33.6°, and preop T1PA > 15° was proposed to predict non-home discharge. These findings may help guide postoperative expectations and resource allocation after ASD surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of intellectual capital in the digital economy implies an increasingly central role of intellectual property rights (IPR). However, there are concerns that the expansion of intellectual property rights concentrates profits from innovation, creating "intellectual monopolies". This is particularly concerning with respect to strong global regimes of intellectual property that foster economic inequities between the Global South and North. Such arguments imply that IPR is a core driver of structural inequality in the digital economy, yet there is very little empirical analysis of how such conceptual ideas unfold. This study focuses on IPR in the Kenyan mobile money service M-Pesa. It charts how M-Pesa expanded from a development-orientated innovation in Kenya to become part of a global enterprise. Control of IPR has led to bottlenecks in innovation in Kenya and significant South-to-North financial transfers. Overall, this case contributes to expanding the debate about patterns of innovation and governance of the digital economy. As digital firms expand, unpacking the processes by which global intellectual property regimes and cross-border IPR practices shape uneven power relations and inequality is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the bambu gila dance as a potential intellectual property for traditional cultural expressions in Maluku which should receive legal protection as part of efforts to defend cultural heritage from claims of ownership by other parties or other countries. Bambu Gila Dance is one of the famous traditional arts from Maluku. The traditional cultural expression in the form of the Bambu Gila dance is expressly protected by the Indonesian intellectual property rights system. However, protection for Bambu Gila Dance as a traditional cultural expression cannot be realized so that it can only be used by other parties illegally. This research is a normative juridical research supported by primary legal materials and secondary legal materials with a conceptual approach and statutory approach. Legal protection for the traditional Bambu Gila dance from Maluku Province has not been effectively implemented, both based on Article 38 of Law Number 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright, as well as in terms of the actions of government officials who have not been able to inventory traditional dance performance artworks as an expression traditional culture in Maluku including the Bambu Gila Dance. The role of the Provincial and Regency Governments in Maluku is crucial in realizing legal protection for traditional dances, including the Bambu Gila Dance, as intangible cultural heritage through the establishment of regional regulations. These regulations serve as legal basic to provide legal certainty as part of efforts for preventive legal protection for the Bambu Gila Dance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato flu or tomato fever has been reported to be a viral disease by 'The Lancet Respiratory Medicine' journal, detailing about the first instance of this unexplained sickness which occurred on 6 May 2022. This has spread to few regions of India and viral sequencing in 2022 showed its homology with Coxsackie A16 virus. Tomato flu seemed to be a manifestation of Hand-foot-and-mouth-disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackie viruses. Patent documents are rich source of technological information in a particular area and patents related to diseases are an important area which when extensively explored may give valid scientific clues. Thus, in the present study, we explored the patent landscape of coxsackie viruses, the causal agent of the tomato flu outbreak, to have far sighted effects in future.

This paper studies the technological innovation and new marketing strategies that enabled firms from traditional industries to pursue their existence in a disruptive environment. As a case study, we follow an approach from classical business history and industry studies, focusing on the Japanese tea industry to analyse how it has innovated to survive in a fast-changing environment over the last five decades. Based on various resources (official data from Tea Industry Association, patents and trademark data, reports, interviews, etc.), this paper emphasises three marketing strategies that supported its survival: product development based on technological innovation (transformation of the true nature of green tea from a commodity to a branded good), brand management (repositioning of some specific teas in the growing luxury market) and internationalisation (expansion in foreign markets through exports). This research also emphasises the major role played by large corporations to support industrial transformation.

This report aims to provide a patent landscape analysis on carbon allotrope-based textile electrodes and biosensors to measure biosignals and detect several parameters. Espacenet, a free-of-charge patent database provided by the EPO (European Patent Office) and containing data on more than 140 million patent publications from over 100 countries, was used as the reference database. The patent search was carried out by combining keywords and classification symbols. Both classification schemes (IPC–International Patent Classification and CPC–Cooperative Patent Classification) were used. As a result of this study, a total of 227 patent documents were found between 2002 and 2023. The first patent application claiming a fabric electrode arrangement with carbon black as conductive material was filed in 2002 (and published in 2004) by Philips. 2021 was the year with the highest number of published patent applications, with 36 documents. The United States was ranked first with 126 patent documents. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are the most patented carbon allotrope materials, while body temperature, motion, and heart rate measurements are the main disclosed applications. We also analyzed the Orbit database obtaining 288 patent documents (vs. 227) with only 238 still active records (148 granted and 90 pending applications): the first application by Philips on an electrode arrangement is confirmed, and the patent distribution shows a peak in the period 2016–2020 (146 records available), while today it seems to be stable or even decreasing ("only" 52 records in the half period January 2021–June 2023). This outcome suggests that this material and related technology has reached its maximum exploitation or has not demonstrated a disruptive output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IPR? Kom maar op!: In onze wereld van vandaag de dag lijken geen grenzen te bestaan. Wat betekent dit voor de afwikkeling van een nalatenschap? In toenemende mate spelen grensoverschrijdende aspecten een rol met de afwikkeling van een nalatenschap. Instanties zoals het Internationaal Juridisch Instituut (IJI) en het Notarieel Bureau (NB) staan graag en met vakbekwaamheid menig erfrechtadvocaat in dergelijke situaties bij. Maar mag van de moderne erfrechtadvocaat niet meer worden verwacht? Moet het 'angstvallig' kijken naar zulke instanties niet worden ingeruild door eigen kennis, toch in ieder geval in de basis, van het internationaal privaatrecht (IPR)? In deze bijdrage staan wij hierbij stil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine how intellectual property rights (IPR) affect the performance of companies in Sweden's biotechnology industry, as well as to establish the relationship between collaboration and organizational effectiveness. Several senior executives from biotechnology firms in Sweden were surveyed to gather information. The sample size was 276 respondents. Based on the study's results, collaborations in the biotech industry in Sweden have been found to impact firm performance, and intellectual property rights significantly affect firm performance. The results showed that collaboration significantly affects company performance in Sweden's biotechnology sector and that there is a strong correlation between IPR and firms' performance. The findings from the study help develop policies within the Swedish biotechnology industry and have sound theoretical implications as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the legal perspective on intellectual property rights (IPR) cases in technology businesses with a focus on the provisions of Article 25 of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE). Article 25 of the ITE Law is the central point in regulating IPR protection in the digital business world in Indonesia. In this context, this research investigates the implementation and impact of Article 25 of the ITE Law on cases of intellectual property rights violations in the era of digital technology. This research uses qualitative descriptive research. This research methodology involves legislative analysis and case studies to identify challenges and opportunities faced by intellectual property rights holders and technology business actors. Using a normative and descriptive legal approach, this research analyzes whether Article 25 of the ITE Law provides adequate protection for intellectual property rights and the extent to which its implementation provides legal certainty for business actors. The research results show that Article 25 of the ITE Law provides a sufficient legal basis for protecting intellectual property rights in technology businesses. However, challenges related to the interpretation and enforcement of Article 25, especially in cases of IPR violations, remain an issue that requires serious attention from policy makers and legal practitioners. This research provides recommendations for improvements and clarifications in the implementation of Article 25 of the ITE Law, as well as the need to increase legal awareness among technology business players to ensure optimal protection of intellectual property rights in this digital era

Copyright: Best Practices for Academic Libraries provides valuable advice for librarians to navigate the complex world of copyright law in their profession. The book consists of twenty chapters, each written by experts, focusing on academic libraries and enhancing copyright literacy. One of the book's aims is to enable readers to become proficient in understanding the intricacies of copyright and take an active part in the ongoing conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse internationaal erfrecht in de afgelopen twintig jaar: In deze bijdrage staat de ontwikkeling van de in Nederland geldende regels van internationaal erfrecht in de afgelopen twintig jaar centraal. Het aantal erfrechtelijke zaken met een internationaal karakter in de Nederlandse rechtspraktijk is in deze periode flink toegenomen. Door de komst van de ErfVo zijn de regels van internationaal erfrecht binnen de kring van lidstaten van de Europese Unie geharmoniseerd, waardoor estate planning en afwikkeling gemakkelijker zijn geworden. Op het vlak van de rechtskeuze zijn de mogelijkheden om voor Nederlands recht te kiezen afgenomen. Oude rechtskeuzes, uitgebracht vóór 17 augustus 2015 ten aanzien van de gehele erfopvolging, blijven echter geldig. De objectieve verwijzingsregels zijn daarentegen eenvoudiger geworden. In de praktijk kan voor erflaters die in Nederland wonen sneller worden aangenomen dat ons 'nieuwe' Nederlandse erfrecht van toepassing is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater treatment and reuse has passed through different development stages with time. This study reviews the most essential changes in water reclamation and reuses over millennia, focusing on initial approaches in the Hellenic world and discussing the current situation. Based on archeological evidence and time records, the awareness of the Greeks regarding land disposal, irrigation, and water reuse is highlighted. The latter has evolved into a plethora of applications, with Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) representing one of the last modern frontiers. Currently, advances in wastewater treatment and the spreading of wastewater treatment plants producing large amounts of treated effluents increase the potential for water reuse. This is regarded as a critical option for the continuing protection of water resources and human health, while concurrently satisfying water demand, particularly in areas subject to increased water scarcity. The main constraints in the expansion of water reuse practices are discussed, focusing on wastewater treatment efficiency and quality effluent standards issues, as well as on the lack of motivations related to the acceptability of this practice by final users. Against these challenges, the need for a transition from an "issue-by-issue" approach to a broader integrated water management framework is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of wellbore condensate deposits must be carried out in such a way that both water and condensate from the productive layer are not entrained during extraction. That is precisely why the article analyzes the effect of the density of perforations of the productive layer on the amount of extracted gas. The effect of the area affected by the drilling on the produced gas flow is also studied. After 50 years since the first use of the mechanical realization of the perforations of the productive layers of the gas wells, there is little data regarding the influence of the perforation geometry of a gas well, namely the way of communication between the production layer and the borehole, on its production. The aim of this paper is to simulate the operation of the well for different values specific to the drilling mode, highlighting its production. The problem is addressed by nodal analysis. The numerical simulators were used to simulate the flow of the mixture through the layer-well system and respectively through the mixture pipe.

Green innovation is considered an important way to promote low-carbon society formation and the sustainable development of environmental engineering. However, few quantitative studies have focused on the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) on firm green innovation (FGI). This paper constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on the IPR pilot city policy in China. We empirically investigated the influence of IPR policy on FGI using a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model and Chinese listed company data from 2007 to 2020. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) IPR policy significantly promotes FGI, and its effectiveness is confirmed by a variety of robustness tests. (2) The IPR policy supports both green product and green process innovation, with a stronger effect on green product innovation. (3) The IPR policy encourages green independent R&D but has little influence on green joint R&D. (4) The IPR policy promotes FGI with a high knowledge intensity, state-owned enterprises, and firms in key city groups. (5) The IPR policy supports FGI primarily via two institutional channels: increasing R&D investment and easing financing constraints. This paper broadens the study of green innovation city policy and FGI development, offering new perspectives for achieving social and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the methods the course teacher used to teach the Information Processing and Retrieval course [Course Code: 19LISC302]. A few aspects, including Chain Indexing, KWIC, Boolean operators, queries, logical relations, and recall & precision, have been highlighted here for illustration. The course teacher was able to improve the students' knowledge of the mentioned areas by using teaching methods based on the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The methods also made it possible to follow the students' progress. Boolean operators, queries, logical relations, and recall & precision exercises are taken into consideration for the discussions here, but chain indexing and KWIC related classroom practice formats are only supplied at Annexure-i. The course teacher created the application that is connected to logical relations (Truth Table), and the students have used it in class to practice. Various multifaceted key phrases, a few queries, the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT, and the Truth Table are all included in the aforementioned programme. For students to successfully obtain pertinent data from any database, they must have a solid understanding of logical ideas. Meaningful results won't be produced by executing the queries and operators automatically or blindly. Additionally, it could need extra time from information seekers. Boolean operators are used in information retrieval systems to evaluate queries. The Boolean operators are typically linked to the classes in the queries. The evaluation for each class is either True or False. To effectively use the operators in search queries and extract the necessary data, learners need be familiar with the Truth Table-related concepts. In addition, for the aforementioned subjects other than Chain Indexing and KWIC, the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy based teaching and the students' evaluation techniques have also been presented here. Wherever needed, enough screenshots of the aforementioned programme are produced. Students used a learning approach based on Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to study the concepts linked to the aforementioned themes, and they have been duly documented below. With the use of the methodologies utilised in this study, the teacher was able to glean the essential information necessary for determining the pupils' degrees of learning ability and applying that information to the necessary charts. The charts show the students' competence levels according to themes, making it simple to see the students' skill status. Realizing their ability levels is aided by each level wise clearance and their overall clearance status. Chain indexing, KWIC, logical relations, queries with Boolean operators, database sample records format, RBT levels-based evaluation format, recall, and precision are the examples of exercise forms shown in Annexure-i. Further, overall progress charts, each level wise progress charts and Student performance evaluation report are given at Annexure-ii, Annexure-iii and Annexure-iv respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report aims to provide a patent landscape analysis on carbon allotrope-based textile electrodes and biosensors to measure biosignals and detect several parameters. Espacenet, a free-of-charge patent database provided by the EPO (European Patent Office) and containing data on more than 140 million patent publications from over 100 countries, was used as the reference database. The patent search was carried out by combining keywords and classification symbols. Both classification schemes (IPC–International Patent Classification and CPC–Cooperative Patent Classification) were used. As a result of this study, a total of 227 patent documents were found between 2002 and 2023. The first patent application claiming a fabric electrode arrangement with carbon black as conductive material was filed in 2002 (and published in 2004) by Philips. 2021 was the year with the highest number of published patent applications, with 36 documents. The United States was ranked first with 126 patent documents. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are the most patented carbon allotrope materials, while body temperature, motion, and heart rate measurements are the main disclosed applications. We also analyzed the Orbit database obtaining 288 patent documents (vs. 227) with only 238 still active records (148 granted and 90 pending applications): the first application by Philips on an electrode arrangement is confirmed, and the patent distribution shows a peak in the period 2016–2020 (146 records available), while today it seems to be stable or even decreasing (“only” 52 records in the half period January 2021–June 2023). This outcome suggests that this material and related technology has reached its maximum exploitation or has not demonstrated a disruptive output.

The Pharmaceutical Policy, 2002 of the Government of India emphasized upon diluting drug price control by suggesting criteria for price control that will reduce the basket of price control to a bunch of irrelevant or so drugs. The kinds of drugs that would be left under price control are mostly irrelevant to public health. The World Trade Organization (WTO) enacted the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) to provide reasonable standards of protection for each of its Member Countries. The TRIPS Agreement is a basic standards agreement that gives Members the option to offer more comprehensive intellectual property protection if they so choose. Members are free to choose how to apply the Agreement's provisions in accordance with their respective legal framework and practices. Since India joined the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the country's patent system has experienced substantial modifications. Product patent protection was made mandatory for developing nations in 1995. The TRIPS Agreement establishes basic requirements for patent protection, and when it was put into effect, the economic businesses underwent a significant transformation. Since its creation, the World Trade Organization's (WTO) member countries' intellectual property (IP) regime has changed and modified. Laws and organization rules are referenced in the TRIPS Agreement, making them enforceable for members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]