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3,723 results on '"IPP"'

2. Studying the 3+1D structure of the Glasma using the weak field approximation

Author

Ipp Andreas, Leuthner Markus, Müller David I., Schlichting Soeren, and Singh Pragya

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We extend the weak field approximation for the Glasma beyond the boost-invariant approximation, which allows us to compute rapidity-dependent observables in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions. We show that in the limit of small fields, the weak field approximation agrees quantitatively with non-perturbative lattice simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the rapidity profile of the transverse pressure is determined by longitudinal color correlations within the colliding nuclei.

Published
2022
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3. Applications of Lattice Gauge Equivariant Neural Networks

Author

Favoni Matteo, Ipp Andreas, and Müller David I.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The introduction of relevant physical information into neural network architectures has become a widely used and successful strategy for improving their performance. In lattice gauge theories, such information can be identified with gauge symmetries, which are incorporated into the network layers of our recently proposed Lattice Gauge Equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (L-CNNs). L-CNNs can generalize better to differently sized lattices than traditional neural networks and are by construction equivariant under lattice gauge transformations. In these proceedings, we present our progress on possible applications of L-CNNs to Wilson flow or continuous normalizing flow. Our methods are based on neural ordinary differential equations which allow us to modify link configurations in a gauge equivariant manner. For simplicity, we focus on simple toy models to test these ideas in practice.

Published
2022
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4. On transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma and in the weak-field limit

Author

Ipp Andreas, Müller David I., and Schuh Daniel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In these proceedings, we report on our numerical lattice simulations of partons traversing the boost-invariant, non-perturbative glasma as created at the early stages of collisions at RHIC and LHC. Since these highly energetic partons are produced from hard scatterings during heavy-ion collisions, they are already affected by the first stage of the medium's time evolution, the glasma, which is the pre-equilibrium precursor state of the quark-gluon plasma. We find that partons quickly accumulate transverse momentum up to the saturation momentum during the glasma stage. Moreover, we observe an interesting anisotropy in transverse momentum broadening of partons with larger broadening in the rapidity than in the azimuthal direction. Its origin can be related to correlations among the longitudinal color-electric and color-magnetic flux tubes in the initial state of the glasma. We compare these observations to the semi-analytic results obtained by a weak-field approximation, where we also find such an anisotropy in a parton's transverse momentum broadening.

Published
2022
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5. Preserving gauge invariance in neural networks

Author

Favoni Matteo, Ipp Andreas, Müller David I., and Schuh Daniel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In these proceedings we present lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks (L-CNNs) which are able to process data from lattice gauge theory simulations while exactly preserving gauge symmetry. We review aspects of the architecture and show how L-CNNs can represent a large class of gauge invariant and equivariant functions on the lattice. We compare the performance of L-CNNs and non-equivariant networks using a non-linear regression problem and demonstrate how gauge invariance is broken for non-equivariant models.

Published
2022
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6. Equivariance and generalization in neural networks

Author

Bulusu Srinath, Favoni Matteo, Ipp Andreas, Müller David I., and Schuh Daniel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The crucial role played by the underlying symmetries of high energy physics and lattice field theories calls for the implementation of such symmetries in the neural network architectures that are applied to the physical system under consideration. In these proceedings, we focus on the consequences of incorporating translational equivariance among the network properties, particularly in terms of performance and generalization. The benefits of equivariant networks are exemplified by studying a complex scalar field theory, on which various regression and classification tasks are examined. For a meaningful comparison, promising equivariant and non-equivariant architectures are identified by means of a systematic search. The results indicate that in most of the tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes.

Published
2022
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7. Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute (3+1)D Glasma

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Leuthner, Markus, Müller, David I., Schlichting, Sören, Schmidt, Kayran, and Singh, Pragya

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present a succinct formulation of the energy-momentum tensor of the Glasma characterizing the initial color fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the Color Glass Condensate effective theory. We derive concise expressions for the (3+1)D dynamical evolution of symmetric nuclear collisions in the weak field approximation employing a generalized McLerran-Venugopalan model with non-trivial longitudinal correlations. Utilizing Monte Carlo integration, we calculate in unprecedented detail non-trivial rapidity profiles of early-time observables at RHIC and LHC energies, including transverse energy densities and eccentricities. For our setup with broken boost invariance, we carefully discuss the placement of the origin of the Milne frame and interpret the components of the energy-momentum tensor. We find longitudinal flow that deviates from standard Bjorken flow in the (3+1)D case and provide a geometric interpretation of this effect. Furthermore, we observe a universal shape in the flanks of the rapidity profiles regardless of collision energy and predict that limiting fragmentation should also hold at LHC energies., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 2 videos. Raw data and plots can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10809853

Published
2024
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8. Machine learning a fixed point action for SU(3) gauge theory with a gauge equivariant convolutional neural network

Author

Holland, Kieran, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Wenger, Urs

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Fixed point lattice actions are designed to have continuum classical properties unaffected by discretization effects and reduced lattice artifacts at the quantum level. They provide a possible way to extract continuum physics with coarser lattices, thereby allowing one to circumvent problems with critical slowing down and topological freezing toward the continuum limit. A crucial ingredient for practical applications is to find an accurate and compact parametrization of a fixed point action, since many of its properties are only implicitly defined. Here we use machine learning methods to revisit the question of how to parametrize fixed point actions. In particular, we obtain a fixed point action for four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory using convolutional neural networks with exact gauge invariance. The large operator space allows us to find superior parametrizations compared to previous studies, a necessary first step for future Monte Carlo simulations and scaling studies., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables; updated to published version

Published
2024
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9. Fixed point actions from convolutional neural networks

Author

Holland, Kieran, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Wenger, Urs

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Lattice gauge-equivariant convolutional neural networks (L-CNNs) can be used to form arbitrarily shaped Wilson loops and can approximate any gauge-covariant or gauge-invariant function on the lattice. Here we use L-CNNs to describe fixed point (FP) actions which are based on renormalization group transformations. FP actions are classically perfect, i.e., they have no lattice artifacts on classical gauge-field configurations satisfying the equations of motion, and therefore possess scale invariant instanton solutions. FP actions are tree-level Symanzik-improved to all orders in the lattice spacing and can produce physical predictions with very small lattice artifacts even on coarse lattices. We find that L-CNNs are much more accurate at parametrizing the FP action compared to older approaches. They may therefore provide a way to circumvent critical slowing down and topological freezing towards the continuum limit., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures; Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023)

Published
2023

10. Genome-wide association identifies novel ROP risk loci in a multiethnic cohort

Author

Li, Xiaohui, Owen, Leah A, Taylor, Kent D, Ostmo, Susan, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Coyner, Aaron S, Sonmez, Kemal, Hartnett, M Elizabeth, Guo, Xiuqing, Ipp, Eli, Roll, Kathryn, Genter, Pauline, Chan, RV Paul, DeAngelis, Margaret M, Chiang, Michael F, Campbell, J Peter, and Rotter, Jerome I

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Ophthalmology and Optometry, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Prevention, Pediatric, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Eye, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Retinopathy of Prematurity, Ethnicity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, i-ROP Consortium, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a multiethnic cohort of 920 at-risk infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a major cause of childhood blindness, identifying 1 locus at genome-wide significance level (p

Published
2024

11. Genome-wide study investigating effector genes and polygenic prediction for kidney function in persons with ancestry from Africa and the Americas

Author

Hughes, Odessica, Bentley, Amy R, Breeze, Charles E, Aguet, Francois, Xu, Xiaoguang, Nadkarni, Girish, Sun, Quan, Lin, Bridget M, Gilliland, Thomas, Meyer, Mariah C, Du, Jiawen, Raffield, Laura M, Kramer, Holly, Morton, Robert W, Gouveia, Mateus H, Atkinson, Elizabeth G, Valladares-Salgado, Adan, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Dueker, Nicole D, Guo, Xiuqing, Hai, Yang, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Best, Lyle G, Cai, Jianwen, Chen, Guanjie, Chong, Michael, Doumatey, Ayo, Eales, James, Goodarzi, Mark O, Ipp, Eli, Irvin, Marguerite Ryan, Jiang, Minzhi, Jones, Alana C, Kooperberg, Charles, Krieger, Jose E, Lange, Ethan M, Lanktree, Matthew B, Lash, James P, Lotufo, Paulo A, Loos, Ruth JF, My, Vy Thi Ha, Peralta-Romero, Jesús, Qi, Lihong, Raffel, Leslie J, Rich, Stephen S, Rodriquez, Erik J, Tarazona-Santos, Eduardo, Taylor, Kent D, Umans, Jason G, Wen, Jia, Young, Bessie A, Yu, Zhi, Zhang, Ying, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rundek, Tanja, Rotter, Jerome I, Cruz, Miguel, Fornage, Myriam, Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda, Pereira, Alexandre C, Paré, Guillaume, Natarajan, Pradeep, Cole, Shelley A, Carson, April P, Lange, Leslie A, Li, Yun, Perez-Stable, Eliseo J, Do, Ron, Charchar, Fadi J, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Mychaleckyj, Josyf C, Rotimi, Charles, Morris, Andrew P, and Franceschini, Nora

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Kidney Disease, Prevention, Human Genome, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Multifactorial Inheritance, Kidney, admixed populations, chronic kidney disease, eGFR, expression quantitative trait locus, fine-mapping, genome-wide association study, kidney function, multi-ancestry, polygenic scores
Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of death and disability globally and impacts individuals of African ancestry (AFR) or with ancestry in the Americas (AMS) who are under-represented in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of kidney function. To address this bias, we conducted a large meta-analysis of GWASs of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 145,732 AFR and AMS individuals. We identified 41 loci at genome-wide significance (p

Published
2024

12. Heavy quark $\kappa$ and jet $\hat{q}$ transport coefficients in the Glasma early stage of heavy-ion collisions

Author

Avramescu, Dana, Băran, Virgil, Greco, Vincenzo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David. I., and Ruggieri, Marco

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We study the impact of the Glasma fields, used to describe the very early stage of heavy-ion collisions, on the transport of hard probes, namely heavy quarks and jets. We perform numerical simulations of the strong classical fields using techniques from real-time lattice gauge theory. The resulting fields are used as background for the classical transport of ensembles of particles, described by Wong's equations. For this purpose, we develop a numerical solver for the transport of the probes, based on colored particle-in-cell methods. We focus on the dynamics of heavy quarks and jets in the classical colored fields. To quantify the effect of the Glasma, we extract the momentum broadening of hard probes and evaluate the anisotropy transfer from the Glasma to the probes. Lastly, we evaluate the heavy quark $\kappa$ and jet $\hat{q}$ transport coefficients in the Glasma, which turn out to be large and exhibit a peak, irrespective of the particle initialization., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, proceedings for the 11th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2023)

Published
2023

14. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Author

Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry J., Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim M., Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio E. M., Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel W., Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana Luiza, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon S. K., Preuss, Michael H., Petty, Lauren E., Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young Jin, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert A., Cook, James P., Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban J., Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer A., Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K. Alaine, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas A., Burant, Charles F., Butterworth, Adam S., Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Danesh, John, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry I., Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guare, Lindsay A., Hackinger, Sophie, Hakaste, Liisa, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Horikoshi, Momoko, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md. Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Kamanu, Frederick K., Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Kyung Min, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian’an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lynch, Julie A., Lyssenko, Valeriya, Maeda, Shiro, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mansuri, Sohail Rafik, Matsuda, Koichi, Meitinger, Thomas, Melander, Olle, Metspalu, Andres, Mo, Huan, Morris, Andrew D., Moura, Filipe A., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Patil, Snehal, Pei, Pei, Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Polikowsky, Hannah G., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Katheryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sankareswaran, Alagu, Sattar, Naveed, Schönherr, Sebastian, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stančáková, Alena, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Tran, Tam C., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Fornage, Myriam, Hanis, Craig L., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Peyser, Patricia A., Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Bonnefond, Amélie, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Paré, Guillaume, Sale, Michèle M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Köttgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Bowden, Donald W., Palmer, Colin N. A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Liu, Simin, North, Kari E., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Wareham, Nicholas J., Lee, Juyoung, Kim, Bong-Jo, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Ahlqvist, Emma, Goodarzi, Mark O., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Haiman, Christopher A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Florez, Jose C., Rader, Daniel J., Ritchie, Marylyn D., Zöllner, Sebastian, Mägi, Reedik, Marston, Nicholas A., Ruff, Christian T., van Heel, David A., Finer, Sarah, Denny, Joshua C., Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Kadowaki, Takashi, Chambers, John C., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Sim, Xueling, Below, Jennifer E., Tsao, Philip S., Chang, Kyong-Mi, McCarthy, Mark I., Meigs, James B., Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Mercader, Josep M., Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome I., Vujkovic, Marijana, Voight, Benjamin F., Morris, Andrew P., and Zeggini, Eleftheria

Published
2024
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15. Simulating jets and heavy quarks in the Glasma using the colored particle-in-cell method

Author

Avramescu, Dana, Băran, Virgil, Greco, Vincenzo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David. I., and Ruggieri, Marco

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We explore the impact of strong classical color fields, which occur in the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions and are known as the Glasma, on the classical transport of hard probes, namely heavy quarks and jets. To achieve this, we simulate SU(3) color fields using classical real-time lattice gauge theory and couple them to an ensemble of test particles whose dynamics are described by Wong's equations. We provide an overview of how classical color algebras are constructed and introduce a method to generate random classical SU(3) color charges. We extensively test our numerical particle solver in the limits of infinitely massive heavy quarks and ultra-relativistic light-like jets and obtain excellent quantitative agreement with previous studies. Going towards realistic masses and initial moment, we extract longitudinal and transverse momentum broadening for heavy quarks and jets. The resulting accumulated momenta and the anisotropy of these dynamical hard probes exhibit deviations from limiting scenarios, showing that the full dynamics have a significant effect., Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures; v2 added references, fixed typos v3 published in PRD

Published
2023
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16. Practical Issues of Partial Onsite Sanitation Systems: Two Case Studies from Sri Lanka

Author

IPP Gunawardana, LW Galagedara, and S De Silva

Subjects
nightsoil, partially onsite sanitation system, sanitation, septage, septic tanks, Agriculture
Abstract

Sanitation systems have vast differences among the countries as well as among different regions within the country. In Sri Lanka, over 90% of buildings rely upon onsite sanitation systems and most popularly with water sealed latrines connected to septic tanks or cesspits, however, the sanitizing the septage or nightsoil is required further treatment before disposing of or reuse. The filled cesspits/septic tanks are simply emptied using the suction trucks by the local authorities. Since the septage is removed from the site, the whole system can be named as partial onsite sanitation system (POSS). The practical problems that POSS may lead to are discussed throughout the paper using two case studies in Sri Lanka. Methodology follows both quantitative and qualitative social research techniques such as structured interviews with operators, downstream community, and health and sanitary workers, and collecting data on influent and effluent characteristics. Quantitative data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics. This paper provides a description of the complex issues that may stem out of POSS and possible factors for the sustainability of such systems. It is found that community participation, knowledge on sanitation, and institutional commitment were required to sustain the system which were lacking in two cases studied. It is advisable to develop programs and strategies to build up the capacity of local authorities to manage the sanitation systems and even to raise the awareness of community for good care of the onsite components. Key words: Nightsoil; Partially onsite sanitation system; Sanitation; Septage; Septic tanks.DOI: 10.4038/tar.v22i2.2823Tropical Agricultural Research Vol. 22 (2): 144-153 (2011)

Published
2011
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17. Momentum broadening of heavy quarks and jets in the Glasma from classical colored particle simulations

Author

Avramescu, Dana, Băran, Virgil, Greco, Vincenzo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David. I., and Ruggieri, Marco

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We investigate the effects of the pre-equilibrium Glasma stage of heavy-ion collisions on the broadening of momentum for heavy quarks and jets using classical colored particle simulations based on Wong's equations. Confirming previous studies, we find that these probes accumulate momentum on the order of the saturation scale $Q_s$ and that the color field of the Glasma induces an anisotropy with more broadening along the beam axis. For quark jets the anisotropy is more pronounced at lower energies., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings for the 29th International Conference on Ultra-relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2022)

Published
2022
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18. Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits—The Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium

Author

Fernández-Rhodes, Lindsay, Graff, Mariaelisa, Buchanan, Victoria L, Justice, Anne E, Highland, Heather M, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhu, Wanying, Chen, Hung-Hsin, Young, Kristin L, Adhikari, Kaustubh, Palmer, Nicholette D, Below, Jennifer E, Bradfield, Jonathan, Pereira, Alexandre C, Glover, LáShauntá, Kim, Daeeun, Lilly, Adam G, Shrestha, Poojan, Thomas, Alvin G, Zhang, Xinruo, Chen, Minhui, Chiang, Charleston WK, Pulit, Sara, Horimoto, Andrea, Krieger, Jose E, Guindo-Martínez, Marta, Preuss, Michael, Schumann, Claudia, Smit, Roelof AJ, Torres-Mejía, Gabriela, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Bedoya, Gabriel, Bortolini, Maria-Cátira, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Gallo, Carla, González-José, Rolando, Poletti, Giovanni, Rothhammer, Francisco, Hakonarson, Hakon, Igo, Robert, Adler, Sharon G, Iyengar, Sudha K, Nicholas, Susanne B, Gogarten, Stephanie M, Isasi, Carmen R, Papnicolaou, George, Stilp, Adrienne M, Qi, Qibin, Kho, Minjung, Smith, Jennifer A, Langefeld, Carl D, Wagenknecht, Lynne, Mckean-Cowdin, Roberta, Gao, Xiaoyi Raymond, Nousome, Darryl, Conti, David V, Feng, Ye, Allison, Matthew A, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Buchanan, Thomas A, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Genter, Pauline M, Goodarzi, Mark O, Hai, Yang, Hsueh, Willa, Ipp, Eli, Kandeel, Fouad R, Lam, Kelvin, Li, Xiaohui, Nadler, Jerry L, Raffel, Leslie J, Roll, Kathryn, Sandow, Kevin, Tan, Jingyi, Taylor, Kent D, Xiang, Anny H, Yao, Jie, Audirac-Chalifour, Astride, Peralta Romero, Jose de Jesus, Hartwig, Fernando, Horta, Bernando, Blangero, John, Curran, Joanne E, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Lehman, Donna E, Puppala, Sobha, Fejerman, Laura, John, Esther M, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Burtt, Noël P, Florez, Jose C, García-Ortíz, Humberto, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, Mercader, Josep, Orozco, Lorena, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Blanco, Estela, Gahagan, Sheila, Cox, Nancy J, and Hanis, Craig

Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100099.].

Published
2023

20. Equivariance and generalization in neural networks

Author

Bulusu, Srinath, Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

The crucial role played by the underlying symmetries of high energy physics and lattice field theories calls for the implementation of such symmetries in the neural network architectures that are applied to the physical system under consideration. In these proceedings, we focus on the consequences of incorporating translational equivariance among the network properties, particularly in terms of performance and generalization. The benefits of equivariant networks are exemplified by studying a complex scalar field theory, on which various regression and classification tasks are examined. For a meaningful comparison, promising equivariant and non-equivariant architectures are identified by means of a systematic search. The results indicate that in most of the tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, proceedings for the 14th Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference (vConf2021)

Published
2021
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21. Generalization capabilities of neural networks in lattice applications

Author

Bulusu, Srinath, Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

In recent years, the use of machine learning has become increasingly popular in the context of lattice field theories. An essential element of such theories is represented by symmetries, whose inclusion in the neural network properties can lead to high reward in terms of performance and generalizability. A fundamental symmetry that usually characterizes physical systems on a lattice with periodic boundary conditions is equivariance under spacetime translations. Here we investigate the advantages of adopting translationally equivariant neural networks in favor of non-equivariant ones. The system we consider is a complex scalar field with quartic interaction on a two-dimensional lattice in the flux representation, on which the networks carry out various regression and classification tasks. Promising equivariant and non-equivariant architectures are identified with a systematic search. We demonstrate that in most of these tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, proceedings for the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE21)

Published
2021

22. Preserving gauge invariance in neural networks

Author

Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

In these proceedings we present lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks (L-CNNs) which are able to process data from lattice gauge theory simulations while exactly preserving gauge symmetry. We review aspects of the architecture and show how L-CNNs can represent a large class of gauge invariant and equivariant functions on the lattice. We compare the performance of L-CNNs and non-equivariant networks using a non-linear regression problem and demonstrate how gauge invariance is broken for non-equivariant models., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings for vConf 2021

Published
2021
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23. On transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma and in the weak-field limit

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In these proceedings, we report on our numerical lattice simulations of partons traversing the boost-invariant, non-perturbative glasma as created at the early stages of collisions at RHIC and LHC. Since these highly energetic partons are produced from hard scatterings during heavy-ion collisions, they are already affected by the first stage of the medium's time evolution, the glasma, which is the pre-equilibrium precursor state of the quark-gluon plasma. We find that partons quickly accumulate transverse momentum up to the saturation momentum during the glasma stage. Moreover, we observe an interesting anisotropy in transverse momentum broadening of partons with larger broadening in the rapidity than in the azimuthal direction. Its origin can be related to correlations among the longitudinal color-electric and color-magnetic flux tubes in the initial state of the glasma. We compare these observations to the semi-analytic results obtained by a weak-field approximation, where we also find such an anisotropy in a parton's transverse momentum broadening., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to vConf2021 conference proceedings

Published
2021
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24. Lattice gauge symmetry in neural networks

Author

Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We review a novel neural network architecture called lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks (L-CNNs), which can be applied to generic machine learning problems in lattice gauge theory while exactly preserving gauge symmetry. We discuss the concept of gauge equivariance which we use to explicitly construct a gauge equivariant convolutional layer and a bilinear layer. The performance of L-CNNs and non-equivariant CNNs is compared using seemingly simple non-linear regression tasks, where L-CNNs demonstrate generalizability and achieve a high degree of accuracy in their predictions compared to their non-equivariant counterparts., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, proceedings for the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE21)

Published
2021

25. Transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The study of jets in heavy-ion collisions provides important information about the interaction of partons with the medium that they traverse. The seeds of jets are highly energetic partons, which are produced from hard scatterings during the collision event. As such, they are affected by all different stages of the medium's time evolution, including the glasma, which is the pre-equilibrium precursor state of the quark-gluon plasma. Here we report on our numerical lattice simulations of partons traversing the boost-invariant, non-perturbative glasma as created at the early stages of collisions at RHIC and LHC. We find that partons quickly accumulate transverse momentum up to the saturation momentum during the glasma stage. Furthermore, we observe an interesting anisotropy in transverse momentum broadening of partons with larger broadening in the rapidity than in the azimuthal direction. Its origin can be related to correlations among the longitudinal color-electric and color-magnetic flux tubes in the initial state of the glasma. We compare these observations to the semi-analytic results obtained by a weak-field approximation, where we also find such an anisotropy in a parton's transverse momentum broadening., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to LATTICE21 conference proceedings

Published
2021

26. Space-time structure of 3+1D color fields in high energy nuclear collisions

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., Schlichting, Soeren, and Singh, Pragya

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We perform an analytic calculation of the color fields in heavy-ion collisions by considering the collision of longitudinally extended nuclei in the dilute limit of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory of high-energy QCD. Based on general analytic expressions for the color fields in the future light cone, we evaluate the rapidity profile of the transverse pressure within a simple specific model of the nuclear collision geometry and compare our results to 3+1D classical Yang-Mills simulations., Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures; v2 & v3: fixed typos

Published
2021
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27. Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits—The Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium

Author

Fernández-Rhodes, Lindsay, Graff, Mariaelisa, Buchanan, Victoria L, Justice, Anne E, Highland, Heather M, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhu, Wanying, Chen, Hung-Hsin, Young, Kristin L, Adhikari, Kaustubh, Palmer, Nicholette D, Below, Jennifer E, Bradfield, Jonathan, Pereira, Alexandre C, Glover, LáShauntá, Kim, Daeeun, Lilly, Adam G, Shrestha, Poojan, Thomas, Alvin G, Zhang, Xinruo, Chen, Minhui, Chiang, Charleston WK, Pulit, Sara, Horimoto, Andrea, Krieger, Jose E, Guindo-Martínez, Marta, Preuss, Michael, Schumann, Claudia, Smit, Roelof AJ, Torres-Mejía, Gabriela, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Bedoya, Gabriel, Bortolini, Maria-Cátira, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Gallo, Carla, González-José, Rolando, Poletti, Giovanni, Rothhammer, Francisco, Hakonarson, Hakon, Igo, Robert, Adler, Sharon G, Iyengar, Sudha K, Nicholas, Susanne B, Gogarten, Stephanie M, Isasi, Carmen R, Papnicolaou, George, Stilp, Adrienne M, Qi, Qibin, Kho, Minjung, Smith, Jennifer A, Langefeld, Carl D, Wagenknecht, Lynne, Mckean-Cowdin, Roberta, Gao, Xiaoyi Raymond, Nousome, Darryl, Conti, David V, Feng, Ye, Allison, Matthew A, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Buchanan, Thomas A, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Genter, Pauline M, Goodarzi, Mark O, Hai, Yang, Hsueh, Willa, Ipp, Eli, Kandeel, Fouad R, Lam, Kelvin, Li, Xiaohui, Nadler, Jerry L, Raffel, Leslie J, Roll, Kathryn, Sandow, Kevin, Tan, Jingyi, Taylor, Kent D, Xiang, Anny H, Yao, Jie, Audirac-Chalifour, Astride, de Jesus Peralta Romero, Jose, Hartwig, Fernando, Horta, Bernando, Blangero, John, Curran, Joanne E, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Lehman, Donna E, Puppala, Sobha, Fejerman, Laura, John, Esther M, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Burtt, Noël P, Florez, Jose C, García-Ortíz, Humberto, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, Mercader, Josep, Orozco, Lorena, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Blanco, Estela, Gahagan, Sheila, Cox, Nancy J, and Hanis, Craig

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Obesity, Human Genome, Hispanic/Latino, anthropometrics, diversity, fine-mapping, obesity, population stratification, trans-ancestral or trans-ethnic
Abstract

Hispanic/Latinos have been underrepresented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for anthropometric traits despite their notable anthropometric variability, ancestry proportions, and high burden of growth stunting and overweight/obesity. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed densely imputed genetic data in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults to identify and fine-map genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI). We conducted a GWAS of 18 studies/consortia as part of the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry (HISLA) Consortium (stage 1, n = 59,771) and generalized our findings in 9 additional studies (stage 2, n = 10,538). We conducted a trans-ancestral GWAS with summary statistics from HISLA stage 1 and existing consortia of European and African ancestries. In our HISLA stage 1 + 2 analyses, we discovered one BMI locus, as well as two BMI signals and another height signal each within established anthropometric loci. In our trans-ancestral meta-analysis, we discovered three BMI loci, one height locus, and one WHRadjBMI locus. We also identified 3 secondary signals for BMI, 28 for height, and 2 for WHRadjBMI in established loci. We show that 336 known BMI, 1,177 known height, and 143 known WHRadjBMI (combined) SNPs demonstrated suggestive transferability (nominal significance and effect estimate directional consistency) in Hispanic/Latino adults. Of these, 36 BMI, 124 height, and 11 WHRadjBMI SNPs were significant after trait-specific Bonferroni correction. Trans-ancestral meta-analysis of the three ancestries showed a small-to-moderate impact of uncorrected population stratification on the resulting effect size estimates. Our findings demonstrate that future studies may also benefit from leveraging diverse ancestries and differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns to discover novel loci and additional signals with less residual population stratification.

Published
2022

28. Generalization capabilities of translationally equivariant neural networks

Author

Bulusu, Srinath, Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

The rising adoption of machine learning in high energy physics and lattice field theory necessitates the re-evaluation of common methods that are widely used in computer vision, which, when applied to problems in physics, can lead to significant drawbacks in terms of performance and generalizability. One particular example for this is the use of neural network architectures that do not reflect the underlying symmetries of the given physical problem. In this work, we focus on complex scalar field theory on a two-dimensional lattice and investigate the benefits of using group equivariant convolutional neural network architectures based on the translation group. For a meaningful comparison, we conduct a systematic search for equivariant and non-equivariant neural network architectures and apply them to various regression and classification tasks. We demonstrate that in most of these tasks our best equivariant architectures can perform and generalize significantly better than their non-equivariant counterparts, which applies not only to physical parameters beyond those represented in the training set, but also to different lattice sizes., Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures, v3: equivalent to the version published in PRD

Published
2021
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30. Lattice gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks

Author

Favoni, Matteo, Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We propose Lattice gauge equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (L-CNNs) for generic machine learning applications on lattice gauge theoretical problems. At the heart of this network structure is a novel convolutional layer that preserves gauge equivariance while forming arbitrarily shaped Wilson loops in successive bilinear layers. Together with topological information, for example from Polyakov loops, such a network can in principle approximate any gauge covariant function on the lattice. We demonstrate that L-CNNs can learn and generalize gauge invariant quantities that traditional convolutional neural networks are incapable of finding., Comment: letter: 6 pages, 5 figures; supplementary material: 14 pages, 4 figures; replaced some figures, added supplementary material

Published
2020
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31. Barriers to Healthy Eating and Diabetes Diet Education: Divergent Perspectives of Patients and Their Providers

Author

Bross, Rachelle, Genter, Pauline, Lu, Yang, Serpas, Lilian, Campa, David, and Ipp, Eli

Abstract

Patients report that adhering to diet is the most challenging aspect of diabetes management. Provision of diet education is often delegated to health care providers, despite a lack of nutrition education and training and limited awareness of environmental and cultural challenges faced by patients. Aim: We examined perceived barriers to diet self-management among low-income minority patients with type 2 diabetes and their health care providers within a single ecosystem, to test whether providers understood patient barriers. Method: We surveyed 149 members of a safety-net clinic (99 patients, 50 providers), using barriers derived from the literature. Binomial logistic regression was applied to investigate relationships between barriers and patients' sociodemographic variables and Pearson's X[superscript 2] was used to compare differences in perceived barriers between patients and providers. Results: Providers expressed divergent perceptions of patients' barriers to healthy eating, including more total barriers and little agreement with patients on their relative importance. Largest differences in providers' perceptions of patient barriers included poor motivation, high use of fast food, inadequate family support, and lack of cooking skills--all suggesting patient inadequacy. In contrast, patients showed evidence of high motivation--in rate of blood glucose measurement and desire for diet education. Patients identified primary care providers as a main source of nutrition education, yet providers indicated lack of time for diet discussion and preferred other staff do the teaching. Conclusion: The findings from this study strongly suggest that health systems need to consider patient, provider, and system barriers when implementing nutrition education and management programs.

Published
2022
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32. Genome-wide association study of body fat distribution traits in Hispanics/Latinos from the HCHS/SOL

Author

Justice, Anne E, Young, Kristin, Gogarten, Stephanie M, Sofer, Tamar, Graff, Misa, Love, Shelly Ann M, Wang, Yujie, Klimentidis, Yann C, Cruz, Miguel, Guo, Xiuqing, Hartwig, Fernando, Petty, Lauren, Yao, Jie, Allison, Matthew A, Below, Jennifer E, Buchanan, Thomas A, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Goodarzi, Mark O, Hanis, Craig, Highland, Heather M, Hsueh, Willa A, Ipp, Eli, Parra, Esteban, Palmas, Walter, Raffel, Leslie J, Rotter, Jerome I, Tan, Jingyi, Taylor, Kent D, Valladares, Adan, Xiang, Anny H, Sánchez-Johnsen, Lisa, Isasi, Carmen R, and North, Kari E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Nutrition, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Obesity, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adiposity, Alleles, Body Fat Distribution, Genome-Wide Association Study, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Central obesity is a leading health concern with a great burden carried by ethnic minority populations, especially Hispanics/Latinos. Genetic factors contribute to the obesity burden overall and to inter-population differences. We aimed to identify the loci associated with central adiposity measured as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HIP) adjusted for body mass index (adjBMI) by using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL); determine if differences in associations differ by background group within HCHS/SOL and determine whether previously reported associations generalize to HCHS/SOL. Our analyses included 7472 women and 5200 men of mainland (Mexican, Central and South American) and Caribbean (Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican) background residing in the USA. We performed genome-wide association analyses stratified and combined across sexes using linear mixed-model regression. We identified 16 variants for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI), 22 for waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (WCadjBMI) and 28 for hip circumference adjusted for body mass index (HIPadjBMI), which reached suggestive significance (P

Published
2021

34. Jet momentum broadening in the pre-equilibrium Glasma

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Jets are important probes of heavy ion collisions as they can provide information on the interaction of a highly energetic parton with the medium it traverses. In the hydrodynamic stage of dense, strongly interacting matter, these interactions can be explained in terms of scattering processes, soft gluon emission and collinear parton splittings. However, jets originate even before the hydrodynamic stage. Here we report on the first numerical simulation of transverse momentum broadening of jets stemming from the interaction of partons with boost-invariantly expanding Glasma flux tubes. The Glasma stage is a pre-hydrodynamic stage based on the Color Glass Condensate framework. Our calculation shows strong time-dependence and an intrinsic anisotropy of momentum broadening in the directions transverse to the jet propagation direction., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, published in PLB

Published
2020
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35. Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations

Author

Ipp, Andreas and Müller, David I.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions. In our simulations we include nuclei with finite longitudinal extent and describe the collision process as well as the evolution of the strongly interacting gluonic fields in the laboratory frame in 3+1 dimensions using the colored particle-in-cell method. This allows us to compute the 3+1 dimensional Glasma energy-momentum tensor, whose rapidity dependence can be compared to experimental pion multiplicity data from RHIC. An improved scheme cures the numerical Cherenkov instability and paves the way for simulations at higher energies used at LHC., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, invited contribution to EPJA topical issue "Theory of Hot Matter and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions (THOR)"

Published
2020
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36. Anisotropic momentum broadening in the 2+1D Glasma: analytic weak field approximation and lattice simulations

Author

Ipp, Andreas, Müller, David I., and Schuh, Daniel

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In heavy ion collisions, transverse momentum broadening quantifies the modification of a hard probe due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). We calculate momentum broadening in the Glasma, which is the highly non-isotropic precursor stage of the QGP right after the collision. We show that the Glasma leads to anisotropic momentum broadening: high energy partons accumulate more momentum along the beam axis than transverse to it. The physical origin of anisotropic broadening can be traced back to differences in the shapes of chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic flux tubes in the Glasma. We provide semi-analytic results for momentum broadening in the dilute Glasma and numerical results from real-time lattice simulations of the non-perturbative dense Glasma., Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures; v2: accepted in PRD, new figure 5, fixed typos

Published
2020
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37. Knowledge translation of the HELPinKIDS clinical practice guideline for managing childhood vaccination pain: usability and knowledge uptake of educational materials directed to new parents

Author

Taddio Anna, Shah Vibhuti, Leung Eman, Wang Jane, Parikh Chaitya, Smart Sarah, Hetherington Ross, Ipp Moshe, Riddell Rebecca Pillai, Sgro Michael, Jovicic Aleksandra, and Franck Linda

Subjects
Vaccination, Pain management, Infant/child, Health information, Knowledge translation, Implementation, Parent education, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background Although numerous evidence-based and feasible interventions are available to treat pain from childhood vaccine injections, evidence indicates that children are not benefitting from this knowledge. Unrelieved vaccination pain puts children at risk for significant long-term harms including the development of needle fears and subsequent health care avoidance behaviours. Parents report that while they want to mitigate vaccination pain in their children, they lack knowledge about how to do so. An evidence-based clinical practice guideline for managing vaccination pain was recently developed in order to address this knowledge-to-care gap. Educational tools (pamphlet and video) for parents were included to facilitate knowledge transfer at the point of care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate usability and effectiveness in terms of knowledge acquisition from the pamphlet and video in parents of newly born infants. Methods Mixed methods design. Following heuristic usability evaluation of the pamphlet and video, parents of newborn infants reviewed revised versions of both tools and participated in individual and group interviews and individual knowledge testing. The knowledge test comprised of 10 true/false questions about the effectiveness of various pain management interventions, and was administered at three time points: at baseline, after review of the pamphlet, and after review of the video. Results Three overarching themes were identified from the interviews regarding usability of these educational tools: receptivity to learning, accessibility to information, and validity of information. Parents’ performance on the knowledge test improved (p≤0.001) from the baseline phase to after review of the pamphlet, and again from the pamphlet review phase to after review of the video. Conclusions Using a robust testing process, we demonstrated usability and conceptual knowledge acquisition from a parent-directed educational pamphlet and video about management of vaccination pain. Future studies are planned to determine the impact of these educational tools when introduced in clinical settings on parent behaviors during infant vaccinations.

Published
2013
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38. Relation between Retinopathy and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in Individuals with Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus (From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

Author

Khazai, Bahram, Adabifirouzjaei, Fatemeh, Guo, Mengye, Ipp, Eli, Klein, Ronald, Klein, Barbara, Cotch, Mary, Wong, Tien, Swerdloff, Ronald, Wang, Christina, Surampudi, Prasanth, Kaufman, Joel, Park, Claire, Hendel, Robert, and Budoff, Matthew

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Retinal Diseases, Retinal Vessels, United States, Vascular Calcification
Abstract

Retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM); however, it is also increasingly recognized in persons without DM. The microvascular diseases may play a prominent role in coronary heart disease (CHD) development in individuals with DM. We performed the study to evaluate the relation between non-DM retinopathy and CHD and also the association between baseline retinopathy and incidence and progression of CHD in individuals with and without DM. We included 5709 subjects with and without DM from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, who had retinal photos and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) available. We studied the association between baseline retinopathy and incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in subjects with and without DM. In DM group, the presence of retinopathy was significantly associated with an increased rate of CAC (RR 1.3 (95% CI [1.02, 1.66]) after adjusting for age, sex, race, follow-up time, and CHD risk factors. In non-DM group, the presence of retinopathy was not significantly associated with increased risk of CAC, however, the interaction between presence of retinopathy and DM status was not statistically significant. Within the DM group with CAC present at baseline, the presence of retinopathy was significantly associated with greater CAC progression (113 Agatson units (AU) greater, (95% CI [51-174]). In the non-DM group with present CAC at baseline; the presence of retinopathy was associated with 24 (95% CI [-0.69, 48.76]) AU higher CAC progression. All findings were adjusted for CHD risk factors. In conclusion, after adjustment for major CHD risk factors, retinopathy was associated with progression of CAC in both DM and non-DM individuals. However, the association was stronger in those with DM.

Published
2021

40. Artificial Intelligence Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy: Subgroup Comparison of the EyeArt System with Ophthalmologists’ Dilated Examinations

Author

Dubiner, Harvey, Levy-Clarke, Grace, Pesavento, Richard, Sherman, Mark D., Silverstein, Steven, Kim, Brian, Walman, Gerald B., Blodi, Barbara A., Domalpally, Amitha, Reed, Susan, Reimers, James, Lang, Kris, Cohn, Holy, Shaw, Ruth, Watson, Sheila, Ewen, Andrew, Barrett, Nancy, Swift, Maria, Gornbein, Jeffrey, Lim, Jennifer Irene, Regillo, Carl D., Sadda, SriniVas R., Ipp, Eli, Bhaskaranand, Malavika, Ramachandra, Chaithanya, and Solanki, Kaushal

Published
2023
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41. Abstract 17639: Association of Retinal Microvascular Changes With Incidence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Individuals With vs Without Diabetes Mellitus; Data From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Author

khazai, bahram, Adabifirouzjaei, Fatemeh, Guo, Mengye, Ipp, Eli, Klein, Ronald, Klein, Barbara, Cotch, Mary Frances, Wong, Tien Y, Swerdloff, Ronald, Wang, Christina, Surampudi, Prasanth, Kaufman, Joel D, Park, Claire, Hendel, Robert C. C, and Budoff, Matthew J

Published
2023
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42. Implicit schemes for real-time lattice gauge theory

Author

Ipp, Andreas and Müller, David

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We develop new gauge-covariant implicit numerical schemes for classical real-time lattice gauge theory. A new semi-implicit scheme is used to cure a numerical instability encountered in three-dimensional classical Yang-Mills simulations of heavy-ion collisions by allowing for wave propagation along one lattice direction free of numerical dispersion. We show that the scheme is gauge covariant and that the Gauss constraint is conserved even for large time steps., Comment: 47 pages, 6 figures

Published
2018
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43. Multiethnic Genome-wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control

Author

Pollack, Samuela, Igo, Robert P, Jensen, Richard A, Christiansen, Mark, Li, Xiaohui, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Ng, Maggie CY, Smith, Albert V, Rossin, Elizabeth J, Segrè, Ayellet V, Davoudi, Samaneh, Tan, Gavin S, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Kuo, Jane Z, Dimitrov, Latchezar M, Stanwyck, Lynn K, Meng, Weihua, Hosseini, S Mohsen, Imamura, Minako, Nousome, Darryl, Kim, Jihye, Hai, Yang, Jia, Yucheng, Ahn, Jeeyun, Leong, Aaron, Shah, Kaanan, Park, Kyu Hyung, Guo, Xiuqing, Ipp, Eli, Taylor, Kent D, Adler, Sharon G, Sedor, John R, Freedman, Barry I, Group, DCCT EDIC Research Group Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes-Eye Research, Lee, I-Te, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Kubo, Michiaki, Takahashi, Atsushi, Hadjadj, Samy, Marre, Michel, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Mckean-Cowdin, Roberta, Varma, Rohit, McCarthy, Mark I, Groop, Leif, Ahlqvist, Emma, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Agardh, Elisabet, Morris, Andrew, Doney, Alex SF, Colhoun, Helen M, Toppila, Iiro, Sandholm, Niina, Groop, Per-Henrik, Maeda, Shiro, Hanis, Craig L, Penman, Alan, Chen, Ching J, Hancock, Heather, Mitchell, Paul, Craig, Jamie E, Chew, Emily Y, Paterson, Andrew D, Grassi, Michael A, Palmer, Colin, Bowden, Donald W, Yaspan, Brian L, Siscovick, David, Cotch, Mary Frances, Wang, Jie Jin, Burdon, Kathryn P, Wong, Tien Y, Klein, Barbara EK, Klein, Ronald, Rotter, Jerome I, Iyengar, Sudha K, Price, Alkes, and Sobrin, Lucia

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Diabetes, Human Genome, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Retinopathy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Binding, Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes-Eye Research Group, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

To identify genetic variants associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a large multiethnic genome-wide association study. Discovery included eight European cohorts (n = 3,246) and seven African American cohorts (n = 2,611). We meta-analyzed across cohorts using inverse-variance weighting, with and without liability threshold modeling of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Variants with a P value

Published
2019

44. Trans-ethnic kidney function association study reveals putative causal genes and effects on kidney-specific disease aetiologies.

Author

Morris, Andrew P, Le, Thu H, Wu, Haojia, Akbarov, Artur, van der Most, Peter J, Hemani, Gibran, Smith, George Davey, Mahajan, Anubha, Gaulton, Kyle J, Nadkarni, Girish N, Valladares-Salgado, Adan, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Mychaleckyj, Josyf C, Dueker, Nicole D, Guo, Xiuqing, Hai, Yang, Haessler, Jeffrey, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Stilp, Adrienne M, Zhu, Gu, Cook, James P, Ärnlöv, Johan, Blanton, Susan H, de Borst, Martin H, Bottinger, Erwin P, Buchanan, Thomas A, Cechova, Sylvia, Charchar, Fadi J, Chu, Pei-Lun, Damman, Jeffrey, Eales, James, Gharavi, Ali G, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Heath, Andrew C, Ipp, Eli, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Kramer, Holly J, Kubo, Michiaki, Larsson, Anders, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lu, Yingchang, Madden, Pamela AF, Montgomery, Grant W, Papanicolaou, George J, Raffel, Leslie J, Sacco, Ralph L, Sanchez, Elena, Stark, Holger, Sundstrom, Johan, Taylor, Kent D, Xiang, Anny H, Zivkovic, Aleksandra, Lind, Lars, Ingelsson, Erik, Martin, Nicholas G, Whitfield, John B, Cai, Jianwen, Laurie, Cathy C, Okada, Yukinori, Matsuda, Koichi, Kooperberg, Charles, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rundek, Tatjana, Rich, Stephen S, Loos, Ruth JF, Parra, Esteban J, Cruz, Miguel, Rotter, Jerome I, Snieder, Harold, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Humphreys, Benjamin D, and Franceschini, Nora

Subjects
Kidney, Humans, Kidney Calculi, Hypertension, Histones, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Histone Code, Blood Pressure, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Ethnic Groups, Female, Male, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assemble genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals of diverse ancestry. We identify 127 distinct association signals with homogeneous effects on eGFR across ancestries and enrichment in genomic annotations including kidney-specific histone modifications. Fine-mapping reveals 40 high-confidence variants driving eGFR associations and highlights putative causal genes with cell-type specific expression in glomerulus, and in proximal and distal nephron. Mendelian randomisation supports causal effects of eGFR on overall and cause-specific CKD, kidney stone formation, diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. These results define novel molecular mechanisms and putative causal genes for eGFR, offering insight into clinical outcomes and routes to CKD treatment development.

Published
2019

46. Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation

Author

Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Zhang, Weihua, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Petty, Lauren E., Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Yu, Grace Z., Rüeger, Sina, Speidel, Leo, Kim, Young Jin, Horikoshi, Momoko, Mercader, Josep M., Taliun, Daniel, Moon, Sanghoon, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, Nigel W., Loh, Marie, Kim, Bong-Jo, Chiou, Joshua, Miguel-Escalada, Irene, della Briotta Parolo, Pietro, Lin, Kuang, Bragg, Fiona, Preuss, Michael H., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Guo, Xiuqing, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Scott, Robert A., Lee, Jung-Jin, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Graff, Mariaelisa, Chai, Jin-Fang, Parra, Esteban J., Yao, Jie, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Cook, James P., Kals, Mart, Grarup, Niels, Schmidt, Ellen M., Pan, Ian, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloe, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Ahmad, Meraj, Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Lecoeur, Cécile, Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Jensen, Richard A., Tajuddin, Salman, Kabagambe, Edmond K., An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Flanagan, Jack, Abaitua, Fernando, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Akiyama, Masato, Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bian, Zheng, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Brody, Jennifer A., Brummett, Chad M., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry I., Fuchsberger, Christian, Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorkin, David, Gross, Myron, Guo, Yu, Hackinger, Sophie, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian’an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mani, K. Radha, Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Morris, Andrew D., Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Preissl, Sebastian, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Kathryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sander, Maike, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schönherr, Sebastian, Schurmann, Claudia, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shriner, Daniel, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stančáková, Alena, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Suzuki, Ken, Takahashi, Atsushi, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Torres, Jason M., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Vujkovic, Marijana, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Whitsel, Eric A., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Yengo, Loïc, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Hanis, Craig L., Peyser, Patricia A., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Rich, Stephen S., Kooperberg, Charles, Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Groop, Leif, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Paré, Guillaume, Sale, Michèle M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Bottinger, Erwin P., Dehghan, Abbas, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josée, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Köttgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Palmer, Colin N. A., Liu, Simin, Abecasis, Goncalo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Haiman, Christopher A., Florez, Jose C., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Mägi, Reedik, Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nicholas J., Maeda, Shiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Lee, Juyoung, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Myers, Simon R., Ferrer, Jorge, Gaulton, Kyle J., Meigs, James B., Mohlke, Karen L., Gloyn, Anna L., Bowden, Donald W., Below, Jennifer E., Chambers, John C., Sim, Xueling, Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome I., McCarthy, Mark I., and Morris, Andrew P.

Published
2022
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47. Rapidity profiles from 3+1D Glasma simulations with finite longitudinal thickness

Author

Ipp, Andreas and Müller, David

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present our progress on simulating the Glasma in the early stages of heavy ion collisions in a non-boost-invariant setting. Our approach allows us to describe colliding nuclei with finite longitudinal width by extending the McLerran-Venugopalan model to include a parameter for the Lorentz-contracted but finite extent of the nucleus in the beam direction. We determine the rapidity profile of the Glasma energy density, which shows strong deviations from the boost invariant result. Both broad and narrow profiles can be produced by varying the initial conditions. We find reasonable agreement when we compare the results to rapidity profiles of measured pion multiplicities from RHIC., Comment: 5+1 pages, 2 figures, prepared for Proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP) 2017

Published
2017
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48. Broken boost invariance in the Glasma via finite nuclei thickness

Author

Ipp, Andreas and Müller, David

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We simulate the creation and evolution of non-boost-invariant Glasma in the early stages of heavy ion collisions within the color glass condensate framework. This is accomplished by extending the McLerran-Venugopalan model to include a parameter for the Lorentz-contracted but finite width of the nucleus in the beam direction. We determine the rapidity profile of the Glasma energy density, which shows deviations from the boost-invariant result. Varying the parameters both broad and narrow profiles can be produced. We compare our results to experimental data from RHIC and find surprising agreement., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017
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49. The GLP-1 response to glucose does not mediate beta and alpha cell dysfunction in Hispanics with abnormal glucose metabolism

Author

Adams, Elizabeth, Genter, Pauline, Keefe, Emma, Sandow, Kevin, Gray, Virginia, Rotter, Jerome I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, and Ipp, Eli

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose Intolerance, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, GLP-1, Insulinogenic index, Glucagon suppression index, Glucose tolerance, Hispanic, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Clinical sciences, Public health, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

AimsGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) contributes to insulin secretion after meals. Though Hispanics have increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is unknown if impaired GLP-1 secretion contributes to this risk. We therefore studied plasma GLP-1 secretion and action in Hispanic adults.MethodsHispanic (H; n = 31) and non-Hispanic (nH; n = 15) participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All participants were categorized by glucose tolerance into four groups: normal glucose tolerant non-Hispanic (NGT-nH; n = 15), normal glucose tolerant Hispanic (NGT-H; n = 12), impaired glucose tolerant Hispanic (IGT-H; n = 11), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hispanic (T2D-H; n = 8).ResultsGlucose-induced increments in plasma GLP-1 (Δ-GLP-1) were not different in NGT-H and NGT-nH (p = .38), nor amongst Hispanic subgroups with varying degrees of glucose homeostasis (p = .6). In contrast, the insulinogenic index in T2D-H group was lower than the other groups (p = .016). Subjects with abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH), i.e., T2D-H plus IGT-H, had a diminished glucagon suppression index compared to patients with normal glucose homeostasis (NGT-H plus NGT-nH) (p = .035).ConclusionsGLP-1 responses to glucose were similar in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic NGT. Despite similar glucose-induced Δ-GLP-1, insulin and glucagon responses were abnormal in T2D-H and AGH, respectively. Thus, impaired GLP-1 secretion is unlikely to play a role in islet dysfunction in T2D. Although GLP-1 therapeutics enhance insulin secretion and glucagon suppression, it is likely due to pharmacological amplification of the GLP-1 pathways rather than treatment of hormonal deficiency.

Published
2018

50. Genetically Determined Plasma Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Author

Sobrin, Lucia, Chong, Yong He, Fan, Qiao, Gan, Alfred, Stanwyck, Lynn K, Kaidonis, Georgia, Craig, Jamie E, Kim, Jihye, Liao, Wen-Ling, Huang, Yu-Chuen, Lee, Wen-Jane, Hung, Yi-Jen, Guo, Xiuqing, Hai, Yang, Ipp, Eli, Pollack, Samuela, Hancock, Heather, Price, Alkes, Penman, Alan, Mitchell, Paul, Liew, Gerald, Smith, Albert V, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Tan, Gavin, Klein, Barbara EK, Kuo, Jane, Li, Xiaohui, Christiansen, Mark W, Psaty, Bruce M, Sandow, Kevin, Jensen, Richard A, Klein, Ronald, Cotch, Mary Frances, Wang, Jie Jin, Jia, Yucheng, Chen, Ching J, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rotter, Jerome I, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Hanis, Craig L, Burdon, Kathryn P, Wong, Tien Yin, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Chen, Peng, Kim, Young Jin, Wang, Xu, Cai, Hui, Li, Shengxu, Long, Jirong, Wu, Ying, Wang, Ya-Xing, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Jung, Keum-Ji, Hu, Cheng, Akiyama, Koichi, Zhang, Yonghong, Moon, Sanghoon, Johnson, Todd A, Li, Huaixing, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, He, Meian, Cannon, Maren E, Roman, Tamara S, Salfati, Elias, Lin, Keng-Hung, Sheu, Wayne HH, Absher, Devin, Adair, Linda S, Assimes, Themistocles L, Aung, Tin, Cai, Qiuyin, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chien, Li-Hsin, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Du, Shufa, Fann, Cathy SJ, Feranil, Alan B, Friedlander, Yechiel, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gu, Dongfeng, Gui, Lixuan, Guo, Zhirong, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hixson, James, Hou, Xuhong, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Hu, Yao, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Isono, Masato, Juang, Jyh-Ming Jimmy, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kim, Yun Kyoung, Koh, Woon-Puay, Kubo, Michiaki, and Lee, I-Te

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cancer, Prevention, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Metabolic and endocrine, Aged, Diabetic Retinopathy, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Lipids, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk, Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Results from observational studies examining dyslipidemia as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) have been inconsistent. We evaluated the causal relationship between plasma lipids and DR using a Mendelian randomization approach. We pooled genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 18 studies for two DR phenotypes: any DR (N = 2,969 case and 4,096 control subjects) and severe DR (N = 1,277 case and 3,980 control subjects). Previously identified lipid-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms served as instrumental variables. Meta-analysis to combine the Mendelian randomization estimates from different cohorts was conducted. There was no statistically significant change in odds ratios of having any DR or severe DR for any of the lipid fractions in the primary analysis that used single nucleotide polymorphisms that did not have a pleiotropic effect on another lipid fraction. Similarly, there was no significant association in the Caucasian and Chinese subgroup analyses. This study did not show evidence of a causal role of the four lipid fractions on DR. However, the study had limited power to detect odds ratios less than 1.23 per SD in genetically induced increase in plasma lipid levels, thus we cannot exclude that causal relationships with more modest effect sizes exist.

Published
2017

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