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AbstractForced sterilisation, a serious violation of human rights, occurred across the former communist bloc, both during and after the socialist period. This study examines the case of the Czech Republic, where legislation regarding compensation to the victims of forced sterilisation was only passed in 2021, despite a 2005 finding by the Ombudsman that at least 50 women had been subject to the procedure. My research shows that long-standing discrimination against Roma people and public lack of interest in the issue were largely to blame for this delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although access to sexual and reproductive health services is a human right, violations of the rights of women with disabilities in this aspect are frequent. However, there are no studies regarding gynaecological and obstetric violence that this population subgroup may face. This qualitative study is aimed at identifying and analysing the experiences of women with disabilities with regard to gynaecological and obstetric violence in Chile. Methods: From a feminist phenomenological paradigm of research, data were collected from March 2017 to December 2018. Women with disabilities (n = 18) were interviewed regarding their experiences. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. Results: The experiences of women with disabilities regarding gynaecological and obstetric violence fall under three central categories: (a) health inequity in communication, (b) objectification of girls' and women's bodies through practices, such as forced sterilisation, and (c) intimidation and discrimination related to maternity. Conclusions: Gynaecological and obstetric violence of women with disabilities is a present form of gender-based violence in Chile. Such instances occur systematically and persistently and lead to the dehumanisation of healthcare, an increase in health inequities, and the creation of particularly complex scenarios experienced by women with disabilities regarding access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. Policy Implications: It is necessary to promote research on gynaecological and obstetric violence faced by women with disabilities, take action against this form of gender-based violence, and improve access to sexual and reproductive services for this population. Specific recommendations aimed at the elimination of gynaecological and obstetric violence are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"act normal" is a collection of poetry by davis halifax that addresses the dehumanizing treatment of residents with intellectual disabilities at the Huronia institution in Ontario, Canada. The poems shed light on the widespread neglect and abuse that occurred at the institution, often unchecked for decades. Through the use of found materials and techniques of redacting and superimposing text, the author gives voice to the silenced and enacts a reversal that renders institutional discourses unintelligible. The collection explores themes of erasure, abuse, and the resilience of survivors, making it a compelling work for researchers in Disability Studies, poetry enthusiasts, and those interested in non-traditional forms of scholarship. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to contribute to opening up a dialogue between African American literature and the field of the critical medical humanities. By so doing, the article highlights the value of African American literature as a contributor to the emergence of the critical medical humanities and an indispensable partner in the theorization about the racialization of medicine. We contend that African American literature's interest in the intersection between medicine and race anticipates one of the most important tenets of the critical medical humanities. That anticipation is evident in such novels as Toni Morrison's Home, in which Cee is exposed to the brutality of eugenic sterilization. We thus explore the way the novel--among other African American literary works--paves the way for engaging racialized medicine and unwittingly contributes to the rise of the critical medical humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karl von Frisch, one of the leading zoologists of the twentieth century and co-founder of the Journal of Comparative Physiology A, has been frequently portrayed as an opponent of the Nazi regime because he, as a 'quarter-Jew,' faced the threat of forced retirement from his position as a professor at the University of Munich during the Third Reich. However, doubts about an active opposition role have surfaced in recent years. A litmus test for assessing the validity of this notion is provided by our discovery that four of the six core members of the anti-Nazi resistance group 'White Rose'—Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, Christoph Probst, and Alexander Schmorell—were his students. When they were arrested, sentenced to death, and executed, he seemed to ignore this historic event, both during and after World War II—in line with his belief that resistance leads to self-destruction, and research can flourish only by ignoring what happens around oneself. On the other hand, this seemingly apolitical attitude did not prevent him from making use of politics when it served his interests. Such actions included his (pseudo-)scientific justification of forced sterilization of people suffering from hereditary disorders during the Third Reich and his praise of the Nazi government's efforts to "keep races pure." As unsettling as these and some other political views and actions of Karl von Frisch are, they enabled him to carry out several critical pieces of his research agenda during the Third Reich, which three decades later earned him a Nobel Prize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This historical and legal analysis examines the phenomenon of forced sterilization in California between 1909 and 1979, a period marked by the implementation of eugenic policies aimed at improving the genetic composition of the population. Through a detailed examination of the legal frameworks, key court cases, and the socio-political context, this study reveals how eugenic ideology gained acceptance, which led to the sterilization of thousands of individuals under the guise of societal betterment. The analysis delves into the ethical, legal, and historical dimensions of these practices and it highlights the role of California as a focal point in the broader national and international discourse on eugenics and human rights. The gradual rejection of eugenic ideology as well as the shift towards recognizing and compensating victims reflect a critical reassessment of the past injustices and underscore the importance of ethical considerations in medical and legal practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paynter sketches some of the key points in Canada's journey toward the decriminalization of abortion, from paradoxical trailblazers, such as Dr. Emily Stowe in the 1800s, to the viral memefied content of art protestor iamkarats. Winnipeg, MB: Fernwood Publishing, 2022 Martha Paynter's I Abortion to Abolition: Reproductive Health and Justice in Canada i is a bold, ambitious work that seeks to not only catalog Canada's meandering and often backtracking path toward reproductive justice, but to act as a manifesto for Paynter's own ideas and goals for reproductive justice. Paynter adroitly starts the book with white feminist favorites such as bodily autonomy and not having children. [Extracted from the article]

"Controlling Reproduction: Women, Society, and Power" is a timely book that explores how social institutions shape women's lives and reproductive agency worldwide. The authors examine various power inequalities, such as those based on race, religion, and geography, and emphasize the importance of women's control over reproduction. The book covers a range of institutions, including the state, family, religion, neoliberalism, and globalization, and provides case studies from around the world to illustrate the methods used to control reproduction. The authors also discuss the disproportionate impact of reproductive control on women and highlight the complex interplay between the state and other institutions. Overall, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of reproductive control and its implications for women's lives. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on advocating for the reproductive rights of immigrant women in Georgia's detention centers, particularly recommending legislation to prohibit sterilization of incarcerated individuals in the state. Topics include the historical context of forced sterilization, the pending case of immigrant women challenging non-consensual gynecological procedures, and the violations of fundamental rights by government agencies such as Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE).

Lulu Miller's book, "Why Fish Don't Exist: A Story of Loss, Love, and the Hidden Order of Life," explores the life of scientist David Starr Jordan, known for his work as an ichthyologist and taxonomist. The book delves into Jordan's racist teachings and speeches, as well as his involvement in the eugenics movement. Miller weaves her own research and reflections into the narrative, exploring themes of chaos, organization, and the multitudes contained in nature and humanity. The book raises questions about the history of science and its connection to personal beliefs and emotions. [Extracted from the article]

Far-right demagogues, including Thomas Massie (R-KY), Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA), and Lauren Boebert (R-CO) have compared COVID related mandates to Nazi-era policies that restricted the movement of Jewish peoples, have repeatedly evoked the image of the concentration camp tattoo, and have referenced the Nazi's T4 programme that mandated the forced sterilisation of people with disabilities. This rhetorical strategy is a form of Holocaust distortion, the active excusing, minimisation, or misrepresentation of the Holocaust for political purposes. This essay explores how right-wing politicians use Holocaust distortion as a rhetorical strategy during the global pandemic, to the detriment of democratic deliberation. Our analysis focuses on the tactics of Holocaust distortion: hyperbole, comparison, argument by analogy, and the slippery slope fallacy. We suggest that COVID-19 era related Holocaust distortion has grave consequences for democratic life in the United States. We recommend adaptations in our cultural and scholarly communication practices that may help resist the demagogic logics of Holocaust denial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the time of Hornberger's research, which partially focused on an experimental project to teach Quechua that was largely authored by outside experts, a major concern of Quechua-speaking parents was where and with whom Quechua and Spanish were spoken. Thirty years of Quechua bilingual education and policy have shifted where and how Quechua is taught, even if schools remain unideal institutions for graduating Quechua-speakers. They ultimately rejected Quechua instruction after several years of teaching that had resulted in students learning Quechua at school. [Extracted from the article]

Background. Reproductive coercion refers to behaviour that interferes with a person's reproductive autonomy, such as contraceptive sabotage, pregnancy coercion, controlling a pregnancy outcome or forced sterilisation. Routine screening for reproductive coercion, together with clinician education, was implemented at a family planning service in New South Wales, Australia, in December 2018. A study was undertaken to explore the views and experiences of clinicians in undertaking reproductive coercion screening at this service. Methods. Clinicians were invited to complete an online survey and interview to discuss their understanding of reproductive coercion and their views and experiences of undertaking reproductive coercion screening. Descriptive and thematic content analysis was conducted. Results. Clinicians deemed reproductive coercion screening to be relevant and important in family planning services. Key barriers to reproductive coercion screening and responding to disclosures included time constraints and limited appropriate referral pathways. Ongoing education and training with resources such as a decision-support tool on reproductive coercion screening and management, as well as effective multi-disciplinary collaboration, were identified as strategies to improve the screening program. Conclusions. Findings from our study highlight that clinicians' perceived reproductive coercion screening as a relevant and important component of sexual and reproductive healthcare. Ongoing reproductive coercion education, training and support would ensure the competency and confidence of clinicians undertaking screening. Identifying appropriate referral pathways with multi-disciplinary collaboration (involving clinicians, social workers, support workers and psychologists) would support clinicians in undertaking screening and responding to disclosures of reproductive coercion in Australian health care settings which provide family planning and sexual and reproductive health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the myth that biology is destiny and explores the consequences of this belief throughout history. It highlights the harmful effects of eugenics and the involuntary sterilization of thousands of Americans. The article also examines the impact of illness denial on individual and public health, presenting both maladaptive and adaptive responses to illness denial. The authors emphasize the importance of considering a person's biography, including their perception and sense-making of life events, in understanding health and illness. They argue that a strictly biological model is insufficient and that a broader conceptual framework is needed to provide personalized care. [Extracted from the article]

The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly's June 2024 issue covers a range of topics. One article explores the role of prayer in clinical ethics, suggesting that it can deepen dialogue and increase empathy between clinicians and patients. Another article critiques an influential piece on the appropriation of evil, arguing that it misrepresents Catholic tradition. A third article discusses the direct sterilization of disabled individuals during the eugenics movement in the early 20th century, highlighting the violation of moral principles. Additionally, the issue includes articles on the traditional natural law theory, the use of synthetic compounds to restore function after death, and the definition of euthanasia. [Extracted from the article]

The article examines the introduction of post-conviction treatment of sex offenders in Hong Kong, China, such as the use of castration. Topics discussed include a comparison between the use of castration on post-conviction offenders from a human rights and policy perspective in California and the United Kingdom, the justification of mandatory schemes for chemical castration, and the problem with voluntary chemical castration schemes.

This paper offers the term unreproductive citizenship to characterise the social positionality of LGBTQ people in Poland. Unreproductive citizenship is brought about by means of social sterilisation : while queer and trans people are 'tolerated,' they are not treated as reproductive subjects with a potential to participate in social reproduction. Drawing on Polish and international literature on queer families, reproductive politics, and forced sterilisation, as well as research including interviews, political speeches and auto-ethnography, I argue that the discursive and political framing of LGBTQ people as unreproductive subjects is eugenic. Leading political figures representing Poland's robust political right-wing, as well as the majority of Poles, have expressed fears that LGBTQ reproduction could somehow 'contaminate' future generations and therefore poses a threat to the nation's moral order. The social sterilisation of queer Polish people as 'unreproductive citizens' illustrates how the logics of reproductive righteousness operate in contemporary Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lira's perceptive analysis of sterilization records, interviews conducted by social workers, and other institutional data offers unique insight into sterilization at the Pacific Colony. Eugenics, Sterilization, Institutionalization, Race and ethnicity, Gender, California, Twentieth-century United States i (2006), Lira shows how these developments in the name of public health and welfare functioned to uphold White power and privilege in the Golden State, and to mark Mexican-origin youth in particular as undeserving of equal rights and opportunities. [Extracted from the article]

Population control, Eugenics, Family planning, Demography, Twentieth-century United States Keywords: Population control; Eugenics; Family planning; Demography; Twentieth-century United States EN Population control Eugenics Family planning Demography Twentieth-century United States 227 229 3 04/11/23 20230401 NES 230401 I Building the Population Bomb i by Emily Klancher Merchant analyzes the rise of demography in the United States at two levels. Merchant pries open the difference between population control and family planning, something Matthew Connelly hinted at in I Fatal Misconception i (2008). [Extracted from the article]

"California and the Politics of Disability, 1850–1970" is a comprehensive study that explores the history of institutionalization in California. The author, Eileen V. Wallis, examines the rise and fall of the state's institutional infrastructure for individuals diagnosed as insane or mentally deficient, as well as other groups deemed problematic by state officials. The book provides insight into the complex web of actors and influences that shaped California's institutional system, including local, county, state, and federal officials, families with disabled relatives, and shifting social fears. While the book primarily focuses on bureaucracy, it also touches on the lived experiences of Californians deemed mentally disordered. The author traces California's unique place in national trends, from the establishment of asylums in the mid-nineteenth century to the state's leadership in deinstitutionalization efforts in the 1950s onwards. However, the book's narrative style and lack of explicit analytical themes may make it read more like a description of events rather than an analysis. Additionally, the use of modern terms to describe historical conditions may overlook the shifting definitions and ideas behind these terms over time. Despite these shortcomings, the book serves as a valuable reference for scholars interested in understanding the bureaucratic complexities and political debates surrounding disability in California. [Extracted from the article]

This article is a comparative event study of a series of children's rights disputes concerning the Mexican American community in California during the Great Depression. To stand up against abuses in reformatory schools, eugenic sterilisation and school segregation, Mexican Americans pursued a variety of strategies which reflected the dualities of Mexican American identities. These events demonstrate that Mexican origin struggles and advocacy for their children's rights were not just reactionary or localised but part of a historical tradition. Furthermore, the article underlines the vitality of the study of children and childhood to the study of Civil Rights in Chicanx/Latinx Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on dissertation, "Women's Experiences of Forcible Sterilization under the Nazi Regime, 1933–1945" advances novel theorizations as to how sterilized women subsequently understood themselves and forged kin in the postwar world. It mentions women's shared affective responses in the wake of the Holocaust and World War II. It also mentions effort to refine methods that could be used cheaply and quickly on Eastern European forced laborers.

Lira's book is, however, more than a mere case study of gendered, classed, and racialized politics and practices of the Pacific Colony. To reconstruct their experiences, the author of I Laboratory of Deficiency i did a qualitative and quantitative analysis of more than 2,000 sterilization request forms processed by the institution that - together with a plethora of other published and unpublished primary sources - reveal the racialized, gendered, and classed politics and practices of the Pacific Colony and of the American eugenics movement at large. In her book, Natalie Lira expands the notion of eugenic reproductive repression, including in it not only sterilization and confinement but also forced unpaid labor, labeling, and surveillance. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the American eugenics movement and the manifestation of its ideas in society. American eugenics thought is mainly characterized by its strong focus on the elimination of socially undesirable individuals. The two main targets of American eugenics, the feebleminded and new immigrants, are discussed in this text, with the main focus legally implemented measures such as forced sterilization and restrictions on immigration, along with the legacy of these actions. This examination of American eugenics points out a clear continuity with Nazi ideology, an association which in the end also contributed to the fall of the official American eugenics movement. To explore the theoretical framework of the movement, works by Charles Davenport and Madison Grant are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Freiburger Zeitschrift für GeschlechterStudien (FZG) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst is the property of Freunde Mainfraenkischer Kunst und Geschichte e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article discusses vote garnered by Pedro Castillo Terrones, rural teacher, during run-off election and mentions unleashed campaign of Peru claiming electoral fraud. Topics discussed include demand submitted by the benches of right-wing parliamentary for impeachment of the president, reproductive and sexual rights vulnerability shown by forced sterilisations in Peru, and illegal mining of Peru that has caused increased deforestation.

The article describes the legal history of nonconsensual sterilization of Native American women by doctors at Indian Health Service (IHS) and the U.S. government's action to end a program that had a genocide effect. It explains the obstacles faced by Native American activists when confronting sterilizations including acceptance of eugenics, economic incentives to doctors and paternalistic views on women's reproductive choices. It discusses the impact of sterilization on Tribal Nations.