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Experimentation is becoming increasingly common in anthropology as a growing number of anthropologists have engaged in a range of experimental practices in the activities of analysis, theorisation and fieldwork. Although this experimental drive is neither generalisable nor representative, it points to a significant effort to reorient the empirical modes of anthropological inquiry. Ethnographic experimentation in fieldwork is especially relevant because, in contrast to the naturalistic tradition, it involves an interventionist practice dedicated to devising conditions for the ethnographic encounter. Displacing the centrality of observational activities, I argue that ethnographic experiments involve an epistemological transformation, since the locus of knowledge production is not the anthropologist’s unmediated experience in the field, but rather the experimental devices through which ethnography takes place. In this process, the field loses its relevance in the conceptualisation of ethnography, and the experimental arrangement – what I call field devices – becomes the organisational principle of the ethnographic encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Studies regarding insect biodiversity often require large samples, which are not always easy to obtain since preparing and cleaning the debris from samples takes much time. Insects are usually acquired using sweep netting methods, but these yield a great amount of additional material to sort. With the purpose of lightening this task, we designed a low-cost photocollector device powered by an LED light source for attracting insects. Timed trials were conducted in the grasslands of the Canadian prairies to determine its efficiency in sorting live insects from debris. For this purpose, two group of insects were considered: bees and flies. We noticed that various species of bees and flies moved at different speeds. This would mean our photocollector can serve as an effective tool to accelerate insect collection based on their speed, thereby contributing to the study of insect diversity. Arthropod biodiversity research usually requires large sample collections. The efficient handling of these samples has always been a critical bottleneck. Sweep netting along transects is an effective and commonly used approach to sample diverse insects. However, sweep netting requires the time-consuming task of sorting insects from the large amounts of debris and foliage that end up in the sweep net along with the insects. To address this, we introduce a robust, portable, and inexpensive photocollector device with an LED light source to extract insects from sweep net samples in a standardized way. Timed field trials tested the photocollector's efficiency in extracting live insect samples from debris, focusing on Hymenoptera and Diptera. We found that 73% (±13%) of undamaged specimens moved toward the collection bottle within the first hour and 79% (±13%) after four hours. Of the insects failing to move after four hours, most (81%) were damaged and likely unable to move. Accounting only for undamaged specimens, 83% (±11%) moved after 1 h and 90% (±11%) moved after 4 h. We found significant differences in when families of Hymenoptera and Diptera moved. We suggest that the photocollector can be a useful tool in standardized biodiversity assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contestations over temporal categories are marginalized in transition debates. This article reorients such debates by exploring the structural relationship between time and just transition or planetary justice. I demonstrate how transition, defined as governments and inter-state institutions' efforts to shift to a lower carbon future, is inscribed with categories of time and certain notions of justice. I argue the recent acknowledgement of the link of colonization with climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change does not necessarily disrupt the deployment of a linear and recursive (universal) notion of capital time nor does it challenge the co-constitution of racialized accumulation institutions and governance power technologies, with dire effects on a 'just transition.' I then draw on Frantz Fanon's idea of invention as an event without sense or content, a decolonial violence whose subject plunges into an abyss and whose 'measure' or possibility is always unprecedented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the influence of Bergsonian ideas on Simondon's thought. In his main thesis Individuation in Light of Notions of Form and Information, Simondon parts ways with Bergson, in spite of parallel ideas, insofar as he favours a physical paradigm of individuation, applicable to all kinds of dynamic systems. Hence it is not just life that manifests a tendency toward individuation. The Bergsonian influence becomes manifest in Simondon's complementary thesis On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects, where he applies a quasi-biological, evolutionary schema to technical development. The idea of technical evolution is Simondon's attempt to bestow a certain autonomy and dignity to technical reality, too often depreciated in his view as a simple tool or extension of organic life. This article pursues the question of how this account of technical evolution fits within the broader schema of the theory of individuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serendipity has played a significant role in the history of invention. Yet, little is known about whether serendipitous inventions are perceived as more or less innovative and thus achieve greater success in seeking funding than those resulting from deliberate processes. The current study explores this issue using a matched-pair sample of 168 serendipitous and non-serendipitous inventions used by entrepreneurs to raise capital through crowdfunding. The results demonstrate that serendipitous inventions are more positively related to crowdfunding success than non-serendipitous ones via perceptions of product innovativeness. Thus, serendipitous inventions appear to be socially rewarded rather than penalized in the context of crowdfunding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devant son souhait de poursuivre l’entreprise de Pierre Boaistuau, en répondant aux goûts du public de l’époque, François de Belleforest ne se contente pas de traduire les nouvelles de l’Italien Bandello ; il produit une oeuvre d’une grande originalité, en privilégiant la portée exemplaire de ses récits. Paradoxalement, tout en affichant ses préoccupations morales, l’auteur met en scène des personnages emportés par des passions destructrices et complètement gouvernés par le mal. Dans cette étude, on montrera que le conteur opte pour l’authenticité de la représentation, en puisant ses histoires tragiques dans l’actualité ou dans l’Histoire. En outre, il semble primordial, tout en s’interrogeant sur l’efficacité du projet d’édification du lecteur, de mettre en relief l’aspect novateur de l’oeuvre narrative de Belleforest.

L’étude des oeuvres traduites par Belleforest durant un quart de siècle révèle, sans surprise, l’absence chez lui d’une réflexion sur la question cruciale de la « fidélité ». Il est en revanche très disert sur les motifs de cette pratique et ses objectifs. C’est que sa conception du rôle de traducteur va bien au-delà d’un passeur de textes et d’idées. Ses discours d’escorte en particulier révèlent qu’il envisage le traducteur comme un collaborateur de l’auteur étranger ou même un auteur en second, dont l’autorité s’affirme de multiples manières au point qu’il s’imagine comme un auteur de plein exercice.

Recent works in and around Black feminist and queer studies have explored the figure of unbearable life through different forms of forgetting. A forgetting attends every act of conceptual or cultural invention, but forgetting also marks a range of cognitive deteriorations in and around experiences of disability, death, and dying. Working between the discourses of afro-fabulation, afropessimism, and Black feminism, the article details the ways every act of invention is also a form of forgetting, and every instance of loss is also a form of creativity. Afro-fabulation, as one name for a Black queer mode of invention, is at once a mode of creating bearable forms of life from abjection, and a form of forgetting. In their shared attention to cognitive deterioration and death as forms of loss, Black feminism and afropessimism open space for reckoning with the impermanence and indeterminacy central to the Black radical tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of numerous inventions and discoveries that have impacted global science and technology can be traced back to ancient India. Many contemporary scholars and scientists have drawn inspiration from our ancient religious texts and epics to drive their own discoveries and advancements. The rich literature of ancient India is a treasure trove of scientific knowledge, spanning across all fields of modern science and acting as a central repository of information. The striking parallels with modern physics underscore the relevance of this knowledge, which ancient Indians during the Vedic period had already demonstrated. The objective of this study is to identify the contributions of ancient India to the development of modern physics - a detailed investigation aimed at understanding the role of ancient Indian literature. This research is a descriptive study that aims to investigate the impact of ancient Indian literature on the advancement of modern physics. The study relies on ancient Indian books, articles, and epics, as well as information from online journals and websites to identify contributions from ancient India to the development of modern physics and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Relations (IR) bends the time of global warming into a linear event, an abstract and cumulative representation, missing something more singular. First, I begin with a critique of IR and its disciplinary history and aesthetic, arguing both are informed and shaped by global racial capital's tendency to sequence heterogeneous entities under its abstract temporality and accumulation imperatives reinforced by Anthropocene narratives. Second, I reckon with Fanon's politics of invention and his refusal of a segregated 'history' and 'aesthetics' as an invitation for IR to leap, that is to decolonize the world marked by climate change, itself a colonial aesthetic paradigm defined by a linear and colonial temporality. Finally, I read Vertigo Sea, an art installation by John Akomfrah, as an aesthetics of invention, a creation of forces both refusing capital's demands and unshackling existence from the temporality of environmental racial coloniality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the members of the Kigye Yu lineage imagined and invented their ancestral roots during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) and how such a pursuit of ancestral origins led to subsequent developments in genealogical records. As early as the fifteenth century, Chosŏn elites began to show interests in genealogy that included identifying remote ancestors from ancient times for various political, social, and cultural reasons. From the seventeenth century, the transformation of kinship organization in line with the Confucian ideal of patriliny and elites' competition for power and prestige intensified genealogical consciousness. Elites became heavily invested in searching for ancestral origins in the form of their lineages' founders and their tombs. While claiming to rely on documentary and physical evidence, elites often deviated from their professed empiricism and adopted evidence from dubious sources such as oral testimonies and geomancy to rationalize invented ancestral roots. Such pliable approaches, often observed in other early modern cultures such as late imperial China and Europe, opened a floodgate of lineages glorifying their ancestry by pushing their origins back even to mythical founders of ancient Korean and Chinese kingdoms, and adorning their lineages with invented heroes. At the same time, loopholes and blank spots in genealogies enabled quasi- and nonelites to become a member of prominent lineages by grafting their names onto their family trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper explains the essence and importance of innovative entrepreneurship as the basis of economic development; Scientific views on innovation and entrepreneurship are systematized; The inadmissibility of using "innovation" and "invention", "innovative activity" and "innovative activity" as synonyms is shown; Classification of innovations according to object, process and intensity is given; There is a difference between the innovation cycle and the innovation life cycle; Facilitating and hindering factors for the activation of innovative activities have been identified; The stages of innovation process and innovative entrepreneurship are different from each other; The characteristics of "radical innovation" and "incremental innovation" are highlighted; Entrepreneurship is classified according to the degree of innovation: "business", "traditional entrepreneurship" and "innovative entrepreneurship. Such a separation is made only at the theoretical level, because it is impossible to do it in practice even due to the lack of statistical accounting data; It is argued that the innovative direction of entrepreneurial activity ensures the domestic and international competitiveness of business entities and the strengthening of their positions in the market; The unfavorable situation of innovative entrepreneurship in Georgia is analyzed and evaluated; Based on international and national experience, suggestions and recommendations are offered for the further improvement and development of innovative entrepreneurship in order to facilitate the economic growth and sustainable development of the country. It is necessary to have a systematic approach to the challenges in the sector of innovative entrepreneurship and to eliminate the gaps. In particular:  In order to promote innovation, research and development, first of all, it is necessary to raise awareness in enterprises about the essence and importance of innovative entrepreneurship. Because this or that idea will turn into a material force only when it takes over the consciousness of the masses;  Usually, innovations are created where and when there is a demand for them. The main problem of Georgian economy is less demand for innovations. The reason for this is the low level of economic development, unhealthy competition, tendencies of monopolization and oligopolization of the economy, insufficient industries and low technological level of production. The low innovative activity of large enterprises is related to their monopoly position;  In Georgia, due to the weak connections between science and business, the supply and demand for innovations sometimes miss each other, and in fact there is no commercialization of them. Therefore, intensive connections between scientific circles, research centers and the business sector are necessary so that the research conducted by research institutes and universities is in line with the needs of the real sector of the economy.  99.7% of enterprises in Georgia are small and medium. Small and medium-sized enterprises, due to limited financial resources, do not have the opportunity to invest in innovation, research and development, as well as in new technologies. The high cost of innovation and the lack of own funds limit the innovative activity of almost half of the existing innovators. however. Entrepreneurs who face limited resources can seek alternative sources of financing, such as government grants (a certain share of the profits from the success of innovations must also be returned to the state. This applies to innovations that were created as a result of significant investments made by the state), capital market, venture (risk) capital or financially strong partners to obtain the resources needed for innovation;  We often boast that Georgia is attractive to foreign investors because of its cheap labor force, and we forget that cheap labor force means low qualifications, low incomes, and low incomes mean low living standards and poverty. It should be emphasized that lowskilled labor force (cheap labor force) and innovations, advanced equipment and techno logies are incompatible phenomena that naturally slow down progress and the construction of a knowledge-based economy. That is why it is necessary to improve the level of competence of personnel working in the industry, retrain them and equip them with modern practical knowledge. The problem of insufficient knowledge and lack of practice can be solved by business incubators, the experience of which has already been accumulated in Georgia;  As for educational policy: imitation of existing technologies and invention of fundamentally new ones requires a different education. In the first case, the most important is secondary and applied engineering education. In the second case, fundamental science plays a much greater role. Therefore, countries at different stages of development must build their education systems accordingly;  Before creating strong scientific and research bases in Georgia, it is better to import advanced technologies, besides, it should not be excluded to implement all stages of fundamental research and idea development on the ground. In this regard, the opening of new innovation centers in higher educational institutions seems to be an effective tool.  For innovation, research and development, the infrastructure needs to be renewed, which will support the development of start-ups and small and medium-sized companies. In addition, the entrepreneur, in addition to the idea, should be able to produce an innovative product as quickly and efficiently as possible, as well as to sell it;  In Georgia, the status of innovative startup should be determined by law, and companies with this status should be exempted from income and profit taxes for three years. Also, it is necessary to have preferential credit and tax government programs for innovative projects;  It is necessary to take into account the specific indicators for which data cannot be collected to date. It is important to deepen cooperation with the mentioned sources and update outdated data;  It is necessary to improve the legal and regulatory framework of intellectual property protection. Intellectual property protection is very important in innovative entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs should consider obtaining patents, trademarks or copyrights to protect their innovative ideas, products or technologies. Seeking legal advice and implementing strict privacy measures can help entrepreneurs protect against intellectual property theft; Finally, Georgia's economy needs to develop sustainably to meet the needs of current generations without compromising its ability to meet the needs of future generations through resource depletion and environmental degradation. Sustainability and innovation business practices are closely linked. Innovative entrepreneurs can find green solutions, reduce waste, and contribute to a more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artnodes is the property of Universitat Oberta de Catalunya and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Invention Education (IvE), a form of problem-based learning, presents new challenges for educational assessments in public schooling because traditional assessments were designed to evaluate learning in singular disciplines. This study explores the challenges and possibilities for assessing new knowledge and capabilities acquired through students’ engagement with multiple disciplines through IvE. Guided by constructivist and sociocultural theories, as well as an understanding of IvE principles and practices derived from the literature on IvE, we examine the phases of work within a national IvE program for high school students and educators. We then examine ways existing assessments align with the work at each stage of the IvE process. Findings from this case study underscore the need for a flexible assessment system with multiple measures (e.g., disciplinary knowledge and practices, skill inventories, etc.). The system must account for variations in learning contexts, individual and collective achievements, and varying lengths of time students engage in IvE.

Abstract Alexander von Humboldt has been praised and criticized throughout history depending on different readings and interests. The account of his encounters during his American voyage can shed light on the foundations for criticism and praise. This essay addresses the critical attitude of botanist and astronomer Francisco José de Caldas towards Alexander von Humboldt in years 1801 to 1803. Resumen Alexander von Humboldt ha sido exaltado y criticado a través de la historia en función de lecturas e intereses diversos. La relación de sus encuentros en el curso de su viaje americano puede dar luces sobre el fundamento de las críticas y los elogios. Este ensayo aborda la actitud crítica del botánico y astrónomo Francisco José de Caldas hacia Alexander von Humboldt en los años 1801 a 1803. Résumé Alexander von Humboldt a été loué et critiqué tout au long de l'histoire, en fonction des lectures et des intérêts particuliers. Le récit de ses rencontres lors de son voyage en Amérique peut éclairer les fondements des critiques et des éloges. Cet essai traite de l'attitude critique du botaniste et astronome Francisco José de Caldas à l'égard d'Alexander von Humboldt dans les années 1801 à 1803.

This paper considers the possible parallels between Aristotle’s Rhetoric and the doctrine of “issues” (staseis) as developed in Hellenistic rhetoric. It is argued that while present in Aristotle’s thought, the issues are not built into a comprehensive system but rather integrated into his method of invention focused on topics. The different approaches in Books I and III seem to be due mainly to their respective contexts, and complement one another by focusing on different aspects of the issues.

The study is devoted to analyzing peculiarities of inventive activity development in Russia in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and a new technological mode formation. The place of Russia in the world patent market has been determined, inventive activity regional potential analyzed. In terms of the absolute number of patent applications Russia is among the top ten world leaders, but its share in the world patent market is insignificant. Sanctions restrictions led to the reduction of applications for inventions by foreign applicants and weakening of the domestic intellectual property market dependence on foreign intellectual capital. A significant regional differentiation of inventive activity has been noted, and five leading regions identified. It is revealed that inventive and innovation activity are connected by a positive statistically significant relationship. The regions typologization by the inventive and innovation activity level has been obtained, which will make it possible to compare the inventive and innovation potential of regions and identify those in which they coincide or, conversely, do not correspond to each other. Consideration of the relationship among the indicators can be used to make decisions in the field of intellectual property, which can contribute to the intellectual security of Russia and serve as a basis for technological independence.

Increasing use of machine learning or “artificialintelligence” (AI) software systems in technical innovation has ledsome to speculate that perhaps machines might be consideredinventors under patent law. While U.S. patent doctrine decisivelyprecludes such a bizarre and counterproductive result, thespeculation leads to a more fruitful inquiry about the role ofcausation in the law of inventorship. U.S. law has almost entirelydisregarded causation in determining inventorship, with very fewexceptions, some of which are surprising. In this essay, I examinethose exceptions to inventive causality, the role they play indetermining inventorship, and their effect in excludingconsideration of mechanical inventors under current law.

Dreams play a special role in the Joseph narrative. They are arranged in three pairs each and carry the story forward decisively. Joseph's dreams in particular form a narrative framework for the central theme of the story: family conflicts and dominion. Again and again, it has been observed that while Joseph's first dream comes true, his second does not correspond entirely to the events that transpire within the narrative. Contrary to the tendency to make this second dream equal to the first, or to exclude or reinterpret it in terms of literary criticism, this essay proposes that the second dream should be understood within the negative conception of the Joseph character in Genesis 37 as a sign of Joseph's hubris and therefore as an exaggeration or even invention which Joseph himself manufactured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant proteins are increasingly seen as critical nutrient sources for both amateur and professional athletes. The aim of the presented study was to review the inventions and experimental articles referring to the application of plant-based proteins, peptides and amino acids in food products dedicated to sportspeople and published in the period 2014–2023. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA statementsacross several key databases, including Scopus and ISI Web of Science. Altogether, 106 patents and 35 original articles were found. The survey of patents and inventions described in the articles showed the use of 52 taxa (mainly annual herbaceous plants), creating edible seeds and representing mainly the families Fabaceae and Poaceae. The majority of inventions were developed by research teams numbering from two to five scientists, affiliated in China, The United States of America and Japan. The greatest number of inventions applied plant-based proteins (especially protein isolates), declared the nutritional activity and were prepared in liquid or solid consistency. According to the reviewed studies, the intake of soybean and potato proteins might provide better results than animal-based protein (excluding resistance training), whereas the consumption of pea and rice protein does not possess any unique anabolic properties over whey protein. The analysis of other investigations demonstrated the varied acceptability and consumption of food products, while the high rating of the tested food products presented in four articles seems to be an effect of their sensual values, as well as other elements, such as production method, health benefits and cost-effectiveness. Considering the great potential of useful plant species, it might be concluded that future investigations focusing on searching for novel plant protein sources, suitable for the preparation of food products dedicated to amateur and professional sportspeople, remain of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural communities need skilled innovators who engage as community members, support economic opportunities, and develop novel ways to solve local problems. Through innovation, Invention Education (IvE) is one way to promote the creativity and problem-solving needed to restore economic vitality to regions of the rural US. IvE pathways support a skilled workforce that communities can draw upon to solve complex problems. Introductory IvE experiences can begin to bolster rural recovery and open prime grounds for innovative solutions. The Office of Precollege Programs at Oregon State University established the iINVENT Program for upper elementary, middle, and high school learners to engage in IvE and act as inventors. In this study, we describe the iINVENT pathways resulting from 8 years of curriculum design and iteration guided by engaged scholarship practices and robust evaluation. Program data from 2019-2023 was collected via learner, educator, community partner, and parent surveys, as well as through observations conducted by program staff and partner instructors. Results from qualitative content and thematic analysis demonstrate the value of introducing learners to IvE and how iINVENT practices support invention educators in impacting youth learners. The findings demonstrate essential practices, successes, and challenges that have shaped the iINVENT pathways and IvE curriculum delivered. Based on these findings and current discourse unfolding throughout the IvE professional community, the authors suggest that a process-oriented invention framework focused on inventiveness and the ways learners can act as inventors is pivotal to broaden access and participation in IvE, providing learners with a more applicable and relatable learning experience to cultivate inventiveness mindsets and skills transferable to all parts of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who gets to be 'sporty' and active in public is an enduring topic of socio-political debate. Disparities in participation continue from limited access, support and funding to ill-fitting equipment and clothing. This article focuses on the latter. Women have long been disproportionally restricted and harassed in public space not only in relation to how, where and when they move but also what they wear. I approach this issue via a unique data source – global clothing inventions for sport and athletic activities (1890–1940). Analysing convertible, multiple and hidden clothing patents, by and for women, reveals how inventors tackled ongoing socio-political restrictions to women's freedom of movement from the ground up and, often secretly, from the inside out. I suggest these data might be read as acts of resistance, enabling wearers to move and inhabit spaces in new ways, engage in a wider range of activities and make claims to equal public participation and mobility rights. These lesser-known clothing inventions invite us below the surface of conventional sporting histories, expand ideas around the creative possibilities of sport and activewear, and spark imaginaries of what other kinds of inclusive and inventive athletic identities might be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines central ideas from Jacques Lacan's later psychoanalytic theory on psychosis. In the 1950s, Lacan formulated a structural model of psychosis, asserting that the central element of symbolically organized mental life, the Name-of-the-Father, is missing, leading to a latent vulnerability for psychotic episodes. In the 1970s, Lacan made significant changes to this model by introducing two new concepts: Father-of-the-Name and père-version. These concepts are plays on the original Name-of-the-Father concept and refer to two other aspects of the father function: the creative act of naming and embracing modes of life, respectively. Furthermore, in the 1970s, Lacan suggested that creating coherence in mental life does not necessarily require an exemplar of a paternal identification figure. Drawing from the case of the modernist writer James Joyce, he argued that singular inventions can just as effectively establish stability. This argument is elaborated upon by introducing the concepts of "sinthome" and "escabeau." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does international R&D collaboration produce patents of higher technological value? Applied to the case of Siemens, this paper utilizes the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and Google Patents statistics to identify patterns within invention and co-invention. For example, sole patenting by headquarters or subsidiaries is juxtaposed with co-invented patent filings, vertical versus horizontal co-patented applications and internal versus external. The paper compares the effect of different forms of co-invention on the technological value of patent filings, proxied by forward external citations. The results are based on 2013 and 2019 Siemens PCT data and confirm the positive effect of international co-invention, vis-à-vis sole patenting, on the technological value of patents. Patent applications co-invented by foreign subsidiaries, or vertically collaborated applications, create higher technological value, while headquarters or single subsidiaries generate fewer forward citations. Moreover, co-patenting by subsidiaries with external partners creates higher technological value than sole patenting by headquarters. Siemens has recognized the value of partnerships with outside inventors and leveraged these relationships in order to generate higher technological value. We contribute by building a unique and detailed classification of co-patenting patterns, and the paper develops a strong case for cross-country co-patenting, especially with external partners. From a managerial perspective, international co-patenting involving external partners has strategic value and must be fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to study the gaps in the legal regulation of relations in the sphere of inventions made by artificial intelligence.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.Results: in Thaler v. Vidal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that an artificial intelligence (AI) machine cannot be an inventor under patent law. This decision leaves open the question of whether a natural person can be the legal inventor of AI-generated inventions. This is a pressing question because it decides whether AI-generated inventions are patentable, as no patent rights can exist without an inventor. Scholars have proposed two doctrines that might resolve this question: the doctrine of simultaneous conception and reduction to practice and the doctrine of first to recognize and appreciate. This article analyzes the two doctrines and argues that neither doctrine readily applies to AI-generated inventions, thereby leaving an “inventorship gap”.Scientific novelty: the article is the first to pose and solve the problem of legal regulation of inventions made with the help of artificial intelligence and to state the need for the U.S. Congress to amend the copyright law in terms of recognizing a physical person who uses artificial intelligence to generate inventions as the author of such inventions. It bridges the gap in legal regulation of relations in the sphere of inventions and patenting and facilitates the goals of the patent system.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the legal regulation of relations in the sphere of inventions made by artificial intelligence.

Arthropod biodiversity research usually requires large sample collections. The efficient handling of these samples has always been a critical bottleneck. Sweep netting along transects is an effective and commonly used approach to sample diverse insects. However, sweep netting requires the time-consuming task of sorting insects from the large amounts of debris and foliage that end up in the sweep net along with the insects. To address this, we introduce a robust, portable, and inexpensive photocollector device with an LED light source to extract insects from sweep net samples in a standardized way. Timed field trials tested the photocollector’s efficiency in extracting live insect samples from debris, focusing on Hymenoptera and Diptera. We found that 73% (±13%) of undamaged specimens moved toward the collection bottle within the first hour and 79% (±13%) after four hours. Of the insects failing to move after four hours, most (81%) were damaged and likely unable to move. Accounting only for undamaged specimens, 83% (±11%) moved after 1 h and 90% (±11%) moved after 4 h. We found significant differences in when families of Hymenoptera and Diptera moved. We suggest that the photocollector can be a useful tool in standardized biodiversity assessments.

Information on the statistics of patenting in the hydrogen energy sector is given in the article. It is demonstrated that a patent is primarily a profit-making tool, and patent research is a mechanism for building long-term forecasts in the technological niche. The article discusses the main mistakes of Russian patent holders in protecting their research and suggests ways to prevent them. Comparative examples of claim drafting are offered. The issues of comprehensive patent protection are considered. The material presented in the article will be most useful for developers and manufacturers of innovative domestic products and technologies; re-engineering centers; development institutes providing support measures for hydrogen energy projects; development institutes implementing the policy of import substitution of hydrogen energy products; investors, organizers of innovation activities; design offices; high-tech startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinas, along with many other minoritized groups, are underrepresented as inventors in the United States. Despite accounting for over 9% of the population, <1% of U.S. patent holders are Latina. In an effort to increase diversity among inventors and patent holders, a number of K-12 programs have been created to provide opportunities for students to participate in the iterative and recursive processes of inventing. One example is the emerging field of invention education. Invention education is an educational approach which teaches students how to identify and solve problems within their communities. Little is known about the experiences of Latina students who have participated in invention education and have begun developing identities as inventors. Through narrative methodology, we analyzed how the life experiences of one Latina student contributed to her identity development as an inventor. Four themes were developed through the analysis of the Latina student's narrative. The first was the early and consistent support of her family members. The second theme was the student's understanding of the importance of Latinx representation in STEM. The student's participation in extracurricular STEM activities was the third theme that contributed to the development of her identity as an inventor. The final theme was her continued involvement in engineering at the university level. While early, consistent, and continued identity work in extracurricular invention and STEM activities contributed to the development of an inventor's identity, literature has shown that opportunities such as these are not available to all students, especially those who have been historically underrepresented as inventors. We argue for making access to invention education more equitable by embedding it within the school day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractInnovation, defined as the successful implementation at scale of a new invention, is key for continued success of the drug development enterprise. In this article we focus on statistical innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. We discuss both components, invention and implementation at scale, typically called commercialization, of innovation for statistical methods. These concepts are illustrated using three examples that we successfully implemented in our company. We summarize factors that foster or hinder invention and commercialization. A discussion of the mindset we consider supportive of innovation and how organizational leaders and professional organizations can generate an environment that fosters innovation concludes the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the history of rhetoric is a crucial resource for illuminating the theoretical importance of emotion in, for instance, reasoning, reading, knowing, acting, and judging. Taking its cue from two recent histories of rhetoric – Rita Copeland's Emotion and the History of Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (2021), and Benedict Robinson's Passion's Fictions from Shakespeare to Richardson (2021), which together trace thirteen centuries of the history of rhetoric, this essay reads these histories with one eye on their theoretical significance. It does so by extracting five theoretical vignettes concerning the role and value of emotion based on Copeland's and Robinson's histories of rhetoric: (1) emotional invention; (2) emotional style; (3) emotional knowledge; (4) emotional action; and (5) emotional judgement. In reading history in this way, i.e. for its theoretical significance, the essay seeks to carve out a middle space between theory and history, and thus offer a way of doing theoretically-minded history or historically-responsive theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyse the role of the concepts of 'practice,' 'relations,' and 'process' in Rein Vihalemm's philosophy of science and the way he defined and articulated these concepts to study the production of scientific knowledge. Then, following Vihalemm's line of reasoning, I will show how this approach is promising for thinking in a new way about some developments in contemporary sciences and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into Captain Samuel Alfred Warner's dogged campaign to sell two inventions – his submersible mine and "long range" missile – to the British government in the 1840s and 1850s. Departing from a historiography that dismisses Warner as a fraudster, it clarifies how he managed to generate widespread interest in his weapons technologies for nearly twenty years. I therefore analyze three key elements of his self-promotion: his personal branding, his pitch, and his simultaneous embrace and rejection of publicity. Neither elite nor highly educated, Warner ran up against a culture of "polite science" that distinguished disinterested practitioners from profit-minded schemers. To establish his credentials, he emphasized his practical maritime experience and represented himself as a martyr willing to bear the scorn of a disbelieving establishment. In pitching his devices, Warner capitalized on alarmism over border security and the integrity of the empire; he declared that they could hobble France's modernizing navy and quickly end colonial conflicts. When skeptics began to fret over the proliferation of his destructive weapons, Warner flipped the script and lauded the threat of mutual annihilation as a deterrent to needless warfare. The issue of publicity, however, would ultimately be Warner's professional undoing. Despite successful demonstrations, his clashes with official investigators and his refusal to disclose his chemical secrets led critics to dispute the originality of his discoveries. An examination of Warner's self-promotional strategies, his fraught interactions with the British state, and the ambivalent public reaction to his contraptions provides insight into how scientific authority was acquired and lost in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the styles of work and conflict of a group of electrical contractors who congregate across the street from a power utility office in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Drawing on a rich tradition of urban Africanist ethnography, as well as the work of Roy Wagner and Lars Spuybroek, it argues that their long-running streetcorner bureau is a "turn" that brings together the logics of entrepreneurial accumulation and bureaucratic legitimacy into generative counterpoint. Performed well, the effect of this turn is a kind of grace, characterized by increase and bounty, but also social recognition and dignity. Performed poorly, it is received as a parody of the logics it aims to transfigure. The "taking of turns," in all of its contrapuntal difficulty, characterizes much of the social drama that unfolds daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From climate change to disruptive technologies, policymakers constantly face new problems calling for unprecedented institutional solutions. Yet, we still poorly understand the inventive process leading to the emergence of new institutional forms. Existing theories argue that exogenous changes provide incentives and opportunities for institutional invention. However, they fail to explain how the inventive process endogenously structures their emergence. Drawing from complexity theory and Brian Arthur's work on technological inventions, we develop a structural theory recasting the process of inventing new institutions as the combination of pre-existing institutions. Building on three assumptions related to this combinatorial process, we argue that the distance between institutions shapes the emergence of new institutional forms and their regime's trajectory. Following the initial take-off in the number of institutional inventions at the creation of a regime, we expect the rate of institutional inventions over replications will slow down as nearby institutions are combined and accelerate as distant ones are combined. We illustrate these expectations by looking at three regimes: data privacy, climate governance, and investment protection. Together, they showcase how our combinatorial theory can help make sense of the emergence of unprecedented institutions and, more generally, the pace of unfolding complexity in various international regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Derrida's scattered remarks on the ambiguous role examples play in the passage between the universal and the singular revolve around an often‐neglected point: any attempt to theorise exemplarity will itself be subject to the law it seeks to account for. This oversight limits scholarship on the subject, but may be amended by returning to the loci classici on exemplarity in Derrida's Glas, La vérité en peinture, Passions, and elsewhere. Moreover, in three texts published in the 1980s: La loi du genre, Préjugés and Psyché, Derrida emphasises how literature is particularly given to 'remark' its own status as literature and as such provides a privileged example of the problem of exemplarity. Another example in which exemplarity is in general singularly implicated is deconstruction itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document the generation and the content of the Comprehensive Patent Database (CPDB) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (1949–1990), which is freely available at GESIS https://doi.org/10.7802/2448. The database contains all patents granted in the GDR and published by the Office of Inventions and Patents (later: German Patent and Trade Mark Office/DPMA). The core database covers the years 1950–1990 and contains 24 variables with manually cleaned and processed information on a total of 261,822 unique patents of the GDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frankenstein is a story about a scientist who creates a sapient creature that gets out of control and horrifies its creator by its unexpected behavior. In this note, we show that this type of undesirable behavior can reflect a part of the nature of mathematics, and that its origin is related to the ontological question of whether mathematics is invented or discovered. Based on a review of the relationship between discovery and invention, we demonstrate that mathematics has similarities and differences with both discovery and invention. In the natural sciences, new instruments have to be invented to discover new goals. We want to stress that the same relation holds in mathematics. The special point about mathematics is that both the instruments and the goals are mathematics. The first mathematics, usually including definitions and notations, is invented by mathematicians; the second, including lemmas, theorems and results, is accordingly discovered. The point we want to make about the chain of concepts invented and discovered in mathematics is that some of the new beings (created or discovered) can get out of the control of mathematicians, and that this reveals an important aspect of the nature of mathematical science, which we call the Frankensteinian nature of mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a new exploration of disabled innovation that transforms our understanding of collective contributions to the history of science and technology. It does so by showing how a user network galvanized individual inventions into disabled expertise by tracking the development of two technologies—the Selectascan/Possum and the adapted Loudspeaking Telephone. Hamraie and Fritsch's 2019 "Crip Technoscience Manifesto" defined "disabled expertise" by exploring how disabled technology modification has been devalued. This article takes up their manifesto's challenge to combine disability history with science and technology studies by analyzing the technologies discussed in Responaut , a British quarterly magazine published between 1963 and 1989. Responauts were people who depended on respirators to breathe. This technological interdependence meant that users adapted an extraordinary variety of technologies to live well with respirators and modify their personal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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