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While recent scholarship emphasizes the potential role of shared leadership as a viable alternative to help address existing challenges in the Sport for Development and Peace sector, limited attention has been given to understanding how and when shared leadership can be developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore antecedents of shared leadership based on practitioners' lived experiences within multiorganizational collaboratives. A total of 30 practitioners involved in two multiorganizational Sport for Development and Peace collaboratives was interviewed. Data were analyzed through a two-cycle coding process. Four themes were identified, including (a) strategic planning, (b) support from vertical leaders, (c) shared events, and (d) personal characteristics of members as critical antecedents of shared leadership. The findings of this study provide a foundation for refining shared leadership theory. Additionally, the findings also allow for the identification of field-sensitive strategies practitioners can implement to develop environments more conducive to shared leadership development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With increasing hazard risks, coordinating public agencies to address emerging threats has become a pressing challenge for public administration. However, little empirical research explores why some public organizations actively coordinate with others in preparation for future crises while others do not. The related research relies on correlation‐based approaches and generates inconclusive findings. To further extend current inquiry, this study takes a configurational approach and examines which configurations of organizational attributes—and environmental characteristics—lead to emergency preparedness coordination. A configurational model for emergency preparedness coordination is proposed along with three propositions. We conducted a large‐N fuzzy‐set QCA to examine U.S. public transit agencies' interorganizational coordination in preparation for the extreme weather events. Findings demonstrate that it is the configurations rather than individual attributes that are essential for active preparedness coordination. Both top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms can achieve active coordination and managerial commitment is a critical contingency factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is an emerging model within alternative food networks (AFNs). It shapes close relationships between food producers and consumers, thereby contributing to food sovereignty and agri-food system transformations. Despite rapid growth from about 10 to over 500 CSAs in just over a decade, the model in Germany still remains niche. We argue that further and faster scaling up requires better understanding of its diversity, yet a comprehensive conceptualization of CSA types is lacking, with insufficient differentiation in research and practice. Methods: This study employs a transdisciplinary mixed-methods approach (literature, qualitative, and quantitative data) in cooperation with the German CSA Network. By integrating organizational perspectives, we found that CSAs are highly complex and diverse organizations. Therefore, we firstly aimed at identifying characteristics that we summarized in a CSA framework. In a second stage, we used this framework as guiding structure for co-developing a survey with the Network covering 70 participating CSAs. Results: As the defining characteristic within the CSA framework, community financing (domain A) clarifies the uniqueness of the CSA model, thus enables delimitation from other AFN forms. Then differentiation characteristics (domain B) encompass the diversity of CSA configurations. CSA governance (domain B1), regarding the predominant characteristic of organizational governance, distinguish between Producer-led, Consumer-led, and Integrated (all-in-one) CSA types. Varying characteristics (domain B2) specify CSA configurations and enable additional distinction between CSAs. Based on the developed CSA framework, the survey results verify the applicability of governance types in particular, while confirming a high level of diversity of differentiating characteristics in general. Discussion: This study can be used to reveal existing generalizations about CSAs, providing a starting point for more nuanced and critical views in research and practice. When seen against the background of AFN and food sovereignty discourses in particular, CSA is an alternative production-distribution model, but not every CSA is governed or structured in alternative ways. CSAs can simultaneously contain both more conventional, traditional elements, as well as more alternative elements. Moreover, the framework provides easy-to-access differentiation criteria for matching members with their most suitable CSAs and vice versa. Overall, this study illustrates that CSA cannot be considered as homogeneous AFN type but be rather marked as a diverse field of its own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the communication theory of resilience (CTR) by examining social networks that facilitate resilience for refugee-oriented humanitarian organizations (ROHOs). This study draws on a network survey and interviews from ROHOs in the United States and South Korea during the height of coronavirus disease 2019. Results illuminate how refugees, generally seen as the subject of concern, become engaged in networks with organizations to facilitate organizational resilience. A close inspection of the nature of interorganizational relationships revealed that resilience was a function of ties that involved engaged communication and not simply transactional relationships. This article shows how organizational resilience is facilitated when the people are engaged as part of organizational networks: networks cutting across systems to organizations to the vulnerable constituents, themselves. The study advances prior research on organizational resilience by specifying what it means to leverage social networks for organizational stability, which has direct implications for the policy and organizational systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is the electoral behavior of minorities shaped by past violence? Recent studies found that displacement increases hostility between perpetrators and displaced individuals, but there has been paltry research on members of surviving communities. We argue that the latter exhibit the opposite pattern because of their different condition. Violence will cause cross-generational vulnerability, fear and risk-aversion—leading the surviving communities to seek protection and avoid conflict by signalling loyalty and rejecting nationalist movements. In their situation as an excluded minority in the perpetrators' state, they will be more likely to vote for out-group parties. Exploiting exogenous battlefield dynamics that created inter-regional variation in the Palestinian exodus (1947–1949), microlevel measurements that capture the damage of violence, and an original longitudinal data set, we show that Palestinian villages in Israel more severely impacted by the 1948 war have a much higher vote share to Jewish parties even 70 years later. Survey evidence further supports our theory, revealing that this pattern exists only for members of the surviving communities, and not among displaced individuals. The findings shed new light on the complex social relations that guide political decision-making in post-war settings and divided societies that suffer from protracted conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restorative justice (RJ) and other innovative approaches are increasingly being considered in lieu of traditional legal responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. This formative qualitative study investigated the perspectives of 29 North Carolina-based domestic violence intervention program (DVIP) providers, domestic violence service program providers, and North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence staff members regarding RJ and transformative justice (TJ) in the context of DVIP programming. Participants had mixed opinions about integrating RJ and TJ practices into current offender treatment and cited structural and organizational barriers to adoption. Simultaneously, they emphasized the cruciality of expanding inter-organizational networks and uncoupling offender treatment from the legal system. Participants cited increased inter-organizational cooperation and community involvement as critical steps in modifying offender treatment to include more restorative principles. Policies and institutional practices that endorse RJ and TJ may improve the effectiveness and transformational capability of offender treatment and increase healing for survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are underrepresented in interorganizational research & development (R&D) projects. This affects the innovativeness of such projects, the representation of female perspectives in the design of innovations and the career opportunities of women. Such projects often emerge from preceding interorganizational R&D projects and are particularly successful when they do so. We argue that instrumental networking in ongoing projects is constitutive for the formation of such follow-up collaborations and, further, that stereotypical gender roles hinder women’s participation in instrumental interactions with their current project partners. Hence, we assume that unequal opportunities to participate in follow-up projects can be attributed to women’s lesser involvement in instrumental networks. Empirically, we test our argument using data on 2746 directed and weighted personal relationships across 24 interorganizational R&D projects. We show that instrumental interactions are crucial for who initiates follow-up projects with which current partner. Furthermore, we can show that the low participation of women in these activities can be better explained by gender roles than by gender homophily. In doing so, we reveal an important cause of women's under-representation in R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of macro-level factors, specifically political opportunity structures (POS), in shaping interorganizational network tie formation and persistence. Grounded in the POS literature and the multitheoretical multilevel (MTML) framework—specifically using the theories of resource dependency and collective action—we examine how changes in POS are associated with network structures in Malaysian civil society. Data were collected in two phases, reflecting different political contexts. Although the network never evolved into a decentralized or centralized structure, the most central organizations remained consistent and seemed to have been active in bringing others closer to reconfigure toward a more cohesive structure as the POS became more closed. This research contributes to communication network theory by demonstrating how incorporating exogenous environmental factors like POS can advance theory. It offers new insights into operationalizing POS within network analysis and challenges conventional interpretations of centralization in interorganizational relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The culmination of network and organization research suggests diverse network ties bolster innovation. Extending this line of research, this study examines how three distinct dimensions of network portfolio diversity— duration , tie strength , and collaboration type —are related to organizational innovation. Survey, ego network, and expert evaluation data on 258 U.S. social ventures suggest that these different dimensions have differential impact on the novelty of ideas organizations develop to tackle social issues (i.e., social innovation). Specifically, while diversity in relationship duration with nonprofit partners had an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship with social innovation, diversity in collaboration type with business partners and diversity in tie strength with government partners each had a U-shaped curvilinear relationship. These results highlight that the relationship between network diversity and organizational innovation is contingent on the network portfolio dimension, as well as the partner sector. This research contributes to theorizing on social and interorganizational networks, cross-sector partnerships, and social innovation. Findings also have implications for organizational leaders as they configure heterogeneous ego network portfolios to boost innovation for social impact. • An egocentric network portfolio approach to study the relationship between interorganizational network diversity and social innovation. • Three nuanced dimensions of ego network portfolio diversity in cross-sector partnerships: partnership duration , tie strength , and collaboration type. • Ego network and organizational social innovation data were collected based on surveys and expert evaluations on 258 social ventures. • Results highlight the contingency of diversity-innovation relationship on (a) network portfolio dimension and (b) partner sector. • Findings have practical implications for organizational leaders as they configure heterogeneous ego network portfolios to boost social innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Firms are increasingly pressured to comply with mandatory supply chain transparency (SCT) regulations. Drawing on information processing theory (IPT), this study aims to show how blockchain technology can address information uncertainty and equivocality in assuring regulatory compliance in an interorganizational network (ION). Design/methodology/approach: IPT is applied in a single case study of an ION in the mining industry that aimed to implement blockchain to address mandatory SCT regulations. The authors build on a rich proprietary data set consisting of interviews and substantial secondary material from actors along the supply chain. Findings: The case shows that blockchain creates equality between actors, enables compliance and enhances efficiency in an ION, reducing information uncertainty and equivocality arising from conflict minerals regulation. The system promotes engagement and data sharing between parties while protecting commercial sensitive information. The lack of central authority prevents larger partners from taking control. The system provides mineral provenance and a regulation-compliant record. System cost analysis shows that the system is efficient as it is inexpensive relative to volumes and values of metals transacted. Issues were identified related to collecting richer human rights data for assurance and compliance with due diligence regulations. Originality/value: The authors provide some of the first evidence in the operations and supply chain management literature of the specific architecture, costs and limitations of using blockchain for SCT. Using an IPT lens in an ION setting, the authors demonstrate how blockchain-based systems can address two key IPT challenges: environmental uncertainty and equivocality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the importance of organizational networks in organizational performance is relatively rich; less understood are processes in organizational networking that entrepreneurs and organizations use in making sense of rapidly changing contexts for organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts an exploratory organizational-level narrative analysis into firms' experiences in two major emerging markets (EMs), namely, Russia and India – to identify organizational networking processes in the midst of institutional upheavals. The study is based on in-depth case studies of firms in EMs sourced from interview data from senior management and consolidated with secondary data. Findings: The authors find that initially firms rely on informal networks (including blat/svyazi and jaan-pehchaan/jan-pehchan) and later formal (in the form of bureaucratic followed by proprietary) networks to make sense of the changes and uncertainties in turbulent environments. The authors also demonstrate the cyclical nature of strategic sensemaking in the process of developing organizational networks for performance. Originality: The study has a number of theoretical and practical contributions. First, it extends the well-established business networking construct to a more inclusive organizational networking construct. Second, it demonstrates that sensemaking is dependent on interorganizational networking from the outset and throughout the growth of an organization in turbulent markets – from informal to formal bureaucratic and proprietary networks. Finally, this study is unique in documenting the entire process of sensemaking from scanning to performance as well as successfully demonstrating the cyclical nature of sensemaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values are seen as important in both interorganizational networks and wicked problems. However, in both academia and practice the exact implications of these values remain unclear. In this article we examine the role of values in interorganizational networks dealing with wicked problems, by conducting a case study in a pregnancy and childbirth network. Our analysis identified both actor and network values, three value tensions among actors, and a variety of coping strategies to deal with these tensions. The findings indicate that value differentiation in networks should not be only seen as a problem, but also as an important ingredient for the achievement of network goals. Furthermore, our study revealed functional-structural and cognitive-cultural coping strategies to respond to value tensions among actors, applied by both the network administrative organization and the individual actors in the network. Lastly, we elaborate on the position and skill set of the network leader. We leverage these research results to formulate insights and recommendations for network practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adolescence involves extensive brain maturation, characterized by social sensitivity and emotional lability, that co‐occurs with increased independence. Mid‐adolescence is also a hallmark developmental stage when youths become motivated to reflect on the broader personal, ethical, and systems‐level implications of happenings, a process we term transcendent thinking. Here, we examine the confluence of these developmental processes to ask, from a transdisciplinary perspective, how might community violence exposure (CVE) impact brain development during mid‐adolescence, and how might youths' dispositions for transcendent thinking be protective? Fifty‐five low‐SES urban youth with no history of delinquency (32 female; 27 Latinx, 28 East Asian) reported their CVE and underwent structural MRI first at age 14–18, and again 2 years later. At the study's start, participants also discussed their feelings about 40 minidocumentaries featuring other teens' compelling situations in a 2‐h private interview that was transcribed and coded for transcendent thinking. Controlling for CVE and brain structure at the start: (1) New CVE during the 2‐year inter‐scan interval was associated with greater gray matter volume (GMV) reduction over that interval in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central network hub whose reduced volume has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, and across multiple additional cortical and subcortical regions; (2) participants' transcendent thinking in the interview independently predicted greater GMV increase during the 2‐year inter‐scan interval in the ACC. Findings highlight the continued vulnerability of mid‐adolescents to community violence and the importance of supporting teens' dispositions to reflect on the complex personal and systems‐level implications and affordances of their civic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable food networks involve different food supply arrangements which attempt to construct a more sustainable, democratic, and egalitarian food system. Since the concept appeared at the end of the 20th century (labelled as 'alternative food networks'), two approaches have been employed to explore these initiatives. The 'view of differences' emphasizes alternativeness and opposition to the hegemonic food system, governed by large food production and retail firms. The 'view of influences' highlights the complex interactions between the mainstream food system and these more sustainable initiatives. As a result of these interactions, many sustainable food networks apply organizational practices similar to those of mainstream companies: this process has been called 'hybridization'. The present article studies the process of hybridization in the sustainable food networks based in the Spanish provinces of Salamanca and Zamora (region of Castilla y León). An inventory of sustainable food initiatives across the region has been compiled and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with initiatives all along the food value chain. According to qualitative data recorded in the interviews, it is argued that the broad set of hybrid practices embodied in these sustainable food networks are legitimized by the members' values because they contribute to achieving three key objectives: protecting the environment, promoting health, and fostering local development. These three goals frame an 'inward' notion of sustainability rooted on the product itself that is likely to turn these networks less transformative, but also more resilient against the competition of the mainstream companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the humanitarian assistance sector, the primary objective of inter-organizational networks is to ensure that there are efficient and effective humanitarian response efforts that meet the needs of the affected population to the maximum extent possible (Drabek, 1987; Zhao et al., 2009). However, theoretical perspectives on humanitarian organizational networks and effective disaster response have remained relatively modest and confined to developing basic typologies of coordination arrangements and identifying the challenges encountered in the disaster management process. (Bennett, 1999) There also seems to be limited academic endeavor to use network, complexity, chaos and systems theories for disaster research not only for large-scale emergencies worldwide but also in developing countries. Most research works concentrate on an approach limited to a much smaller scale of nodes (organizational actors). In the preceding section, a review of relevant theories is presented in the context of humanitarian organizational network and disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the networking nature of social media opens up opportunities for nonprofit e-advocacy, nonprofits' coalition building through social media remains an understudied area of research. Drawing on previous research, we collected longitudinal Twitter data of nonprofit homeless shelters in the United States. By conducting a series of network and textual analyses, this study seeks to understand how social media's connecting tools are used by shelter providers over time. We also observe the interorganizational networks that developed over time to examine whether online coalitions are built in the homelessness field. Results indicate that while nonprofit homeless shelters tend to underutilize the potential of social media for inter-organizational networking, the inter-organizational network tends to develop into a set of more complicated and stronger ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do transnational actors choose to campaign on specific issues, and why do they launch campaigns when they do? In this article, we theorize the membership, focus, timing and strategies used in transnational advocacy campaigns as a function of long-standing professional networks between NGOs and individual professional campaigners. Unlike previous scholarship that highlights the role of powerful 'gatekeeper' organizations whose central position within transnational issue-networks allows them to promote or block specific issues, we draw on recent work in organizational sociology to bring into focus a wider transnational community of individuals and organizations whose competition for professional growth and 'issue-control' is crucial in defining the transnational advocacy agenda. In doing so, we qualify existing notions of agenda-setting and gatekeeping in International Relations (IR) scholarship. To illustrate our theory we use a longitudinal network analysis approach, alongside extensive interviews and analysis of primary non-governmental organization (NGO) sources. Our empirical focus is on transnational disarmament advocacy. However, our theoretical analysis has implications for transnational advocacy more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in interorganizational networks requires specific governance choices to align participants with collective goals. However, these choices often fail to mitigate conflicts and may catalyze tensions that lead to disaffiliation. This study investigates four critical tensions identified in existing literature: (1) efficiency versus inclusion in decision-making; (2) flexibility versus stability; (3) internal versus external legitimacy; and (4) unity versus diversity. Through a case study of a credit union that disaffiliated from a cooperative network, we explore how these tensions manifest and their repercussions on both the network's functionality and the behavior of its members. Our findings reveal that such governance tensions can be harmful both to the network and to the participating organizations. Tensions between unity and diversity, stability and flexibility, and external and internal legitimacy can compromise the effectiveness of the network and even hinder participating organizations in conducting their business. In extreme situations, these tensions contribute to the strategic decision to disaffiliate. This research extends theoretical understanding by delineating the specific impact of governance tensions on exit decisions within interorganizational networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research delves into the complexity management of collaborative networks and interorganizational systems in the health innovation ecosystem on the basis of a best practice in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. The objective is to offer specific solutions and guidelines to stakeholders in the health innovation ecosystem to control the chaos resulting from unexpected events along the ecosystem development and evolution path. Methods: For this purpose, the performance of the Health Innovation Ecosystem in Iran (the Every Home is a Health Base plan) has been examined through a detailed and in-depth analysis of events and actions taken using documents, reports and interviews with experts. The practical application of chaos and complex adaptive system features (adaptation, time horizons, edge of chaos, sensitivity to initial conditions, state space and strange attractors) is introduced to identify and manage the transition from a state where the health innovation ecosystem is on the edge of chaos and prone to failure. Data were collected through studying documents, reports and interviews with experts, and then analysed using qualitative content analysis techniques, open and axial coding and metaphors derived from complexity and chaos theories. Results: The findings indicate that to understand and embrace the complexity of the health innovation ecosystem throughout its development and evolution and manage and lead it through the edge of chaos towards successful interorganizational systems performance, it is necessary to use gap analysis to achieve consensus, establish a highly interactive governance structure with key stakeholders of the ecosystem, maintain flexibility to control bifurcations (butterfly effect), prevent transforming emergency solutions into standard routines and ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem against future threats by long-term financial security. Conclusions: This research provides insights into the dynamics of complex health systems and offers strategies for promoting successful innovation through collaborative networks and interorganizational systems in the development and evolution of the health innovation ecosystem. By embracing complexity and chaos, healthcare professionals, policy-makers and researchers can collaboratively address complex challenges and improve outcomes in health network activities. The conclusion section provides guidelines for successfully managing the complexity of the ecosystem and offers suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this qualitative study, we focus on Las Kellys, a Spanish movement of room attendants who have mobilised against labour precarisation and social devaluation, to address two challenges: (1) to characterise the role of social media in the construction and politicisation of collective identity as a stepping stone to mobilisation, and (2) to describe the lines of interplay between online politicisation of collective identity and other mobilisation factors such as grievances, social embeddedness and efficacy. Findings suggest that (1) room attendants build a politicised collective identity on Facebook, which functions as both an online community of coping and a locus of politicisation and micro-mobilisation, and (2) online politicisation of collective identity happens in online/offline interplay with the process of consensus mobilisation around the room attendants' issues (grievances), the social capital accumulated within intragroup and intergroup networks (social embeddedness) and the expectation of changing conditions and/or policies through protest (efficacy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on international organizations (IOs), both intergovernmental and non governmental, has become an important strand in comparative education. At the same time, strikingly absent in this large body of research is a large-N perspective on IOs themselves, representing a level of analysis in its own right where geography, discourse, and networks are reflected in conference activities. We examine data on 37,649 international education conferences organized by 6,634 IOs and analyze patterns of geographic distribution, discursive shifts, and network dynamics as they evolve over the twentieth century until today. We find that over time conferencing has become geographically less Western, much more substantively differentiated, and far more networked. At the same time, Europe, together with Asia, remains the hotspot of conference activity and the network structure reflects a clear core-periphery pattern with the UN, and particularly UNESCO, representing the pivotal hub of the entire field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public and nonprofit organizations often face various challenges when collaborating with others. The existing literature emphasizes the danger of collaborative challenges, and an implicit assumption is that collaborative challenges will affect inter-organizational relationships and network structures. Using data from three different purpose-oriented networks, this study explores the relationship between perceptions of collaborative challenges and network structure across the node, dyadic, and whole network level of analyses. The multi-case, multi-level analysis indicates that there is no pattern between perceived challenges and network structures. Organizations that perceive more challenges are not necessarily more resistant to work with other organizations. This counterintuitive null finding offers important implications for theory and practice. Network managers should be encouraged to embrace the complex or even paradoxical nature of collaboration. Emphasizing collaborative incentives may have greater impact than focusing on clearing challenges that are inherent in collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the scale and intensity of disasters and crises continue to increase, planning and managing crises have become a critical policy and governance issue. Of particular importance to this topic is crisis coordination, as effective response and recovery support the continuity of operations of governments and businesses, and are essential to the economy, health, and public safety. This paper applies a network governance perspective to explore the practical application of intergovernmental crisis coordination in Australia with reference to the COVID‐19 crisis contributing to a better understanding of the role of governing bodies in dealing with major crises in a coordinated manner. This paper also highlights the need to leverage collaborative leadership, organizational capacity, and a culture of collaboration to develop robust and connected networks in addressing crisis coordination within Australia's complex federal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing inter-organizational networks has been studied extensively, yet little attention has been paid to what it means for organizations and their management to participate in multiple networks simultaneously. This study therefore explores from a management-organizational perspective how hospitals in a Dutch urbanized region process and manage a 'network of collaborations'. We analyse the managerial strategies and activities performed to align organizational interests with the emergence of networks. While the network narrative has become dominant in public policy, this study adds empirical insights to the meaning and practice of governing in a networked environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article suggests why a different approach may be required for commissioning services from third sector providers than from, say, corporate or public providers. English systems for commissioning third sector providers contain both commodified elements (for example formal procurement, provider competition, commissioner–provider separation) and collaborative, relational elements (for example long-term collaboration, reliance on inter-organizational networks). When the two elements conflicted, commissioners and third sector organizations tended to try to work around the commodified elements in order to preserve and develop the collaborative aspects, which suggests that, in practice, they find de-commodified, collaborative methods better adapted to the commissioning of third sector organizations. When publicly-funded services are outsourced, governments still use multiple governance structures to retain some control over the services provided. Using realist methods the authors systematically compared this aspect of community health activities provided by third sector organizations in six English localities during 2020–2022. Two modes of commissioning coexisted. Commodified commissioning largely embodied Washington consensus models of formal, competitive procurement. A contrasting, collaborative mode of commissioning relied more upon relational, long-term co-operation and networking among organizations. When the two modes conflicted, commissioners often favoured the collaborative mode and sought to adjust their commissioning to make it less commodified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a rich literature investigates how and why NPOs use social media, research on why they differ in their social media adoption (SMA) is limited. In this paper we examine how NPOs' interorganizational partner portfolio characteristics can enable or constrain their adoption of social media, including blogs and videos, conventional social media (Facebook, Twitter...) and crowd-based platforms (crowdfunding and petitions). Based on a survey distributed to a sample of environmental NPOs in France, results indicate that NPOs having open networks, whose partners are physically distant, and that have more cross-sectoral partners have higher SMA. Network portfolio management can thus make up for a shortage of financial resources to invest in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated construction (PC) is considered to be a low-carbon construction method. Implementing prefabricated construction projects (PCPs) requires multiple industry organizations to participate and collaborate. As different PCPs are initiated and implemented, industry organizations will gradually gather into a complex and evolving collaborative network at the industry level based on specific collaboration relationships with different project backgrounds. The evolution of the collaborative network is related to how industry organizations interact with each other, and how PC-related knowledge and innovation has spread among organizations in the long term. However, the laws of network evolution and the micro effects that drive network evolution are still unknown. This study analyzes 236 prefabricated construction projects (PCPs) in Shanghai during 2015–2023, using the stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOM) method to explore how the macro structure of project-based inter-organizational collaborative networks for prefabricated construction (PC) technology implementation evolves over time, and how micro effects jointly support the evolution of the networks. The macro-level descriptive analysis of the network indicates that the collaborative network has become increasingly dense over time and continues to show a core–peripheral structure, with a small number of super-connected organizations. The micro-level SAOM analysis further reveals that the evolution of the collaborative network structure is driven by structure-based preferential attachment and geographic proximity effects, as well as attribute-based ownership similarity effect. This exploratory effort applies a network dynamics model to investigate the micro mechanism of the evolution of inter-organizational collaboration. The research results provide theoretical guidance and decision-making references for PC industry organizations to develop efficient network action strategies. In addition, it can help industry managers to formulate appropriate network management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While market-based solutions are increasingly being proposed to address major societal and development issues, they are also often considered antithetical to issues such as climate change, poverty alleviation, and disaster response. In particular, the interorganizational systems involved in such market solutions give rise to multiple contradictory tensions, known as paradoxes. We, therefore, adopt a paradox lens to explain the dynamics through which different actors within these systems navigate the contradictions that are generated. Drawing on a global qualitative study of multi-country risk pools that provide rapid capital in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, we advance paradox theory by showing how organizational actors' interactions (a) maintain equilibrium by generating mutually reinforcing balance among paradoxes, while (b) the clustering of poles from different paradoxes generates disequilibrium, and (c) the reknotting of poles from different paradoxes restores equilibrium. As our process framework shows, these dynamics form an iterative cycle between equilibrium and disequilibrium that is essential in enhancing the promise of market-based solutions to address development issues, which in our study refers to increasing the rapid availability of capital to respond to disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interpretive study provides original insights into the socioemotional experiences that contributed to referee attrition in English grassroots football. Data were generated using an online survey (n = 251) and in-depth interviews (n = 20) with former referees. Using complementary symbolic interactionist and relational conceptualizations of identity, social interaction, and emotional pain, the analysis addressed the participants' interpretations of their problematic encounters with the various significant others (e.g., coaches, managers, players, spectators, and administrators) that comprised their respective social networks in grassroots football. Importantly, the participants described several emotionally painful issues related to match day environments, disciplinary proceedings, and deployment and development processes that simultaneously coexisted alongside and exacerbated one another. The findings present important implications for those individuals and governing bodies who are responsible for referee retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching social media to find relevant semantic domains often results in large text files, many of which are irrelevant due to cross-domain content resulting from word polysemy, abstractness, and degree centrality. Through an iterative pruning process, Cascaded Semantic Fractionation (CSF) systematically removes these cross-domain links. The social network procedure performs community detection in semantic networks, locates the semantic groups containing the terms of interest, excludes intergroup links, and repeats community detection on the pruned intragroup network until the domain of interest is clarified. To illustrate CSF, we analyzed public Facebook posts, using the CrowdTangle app for historical data search, from February 3, 2020, to March 13, 2021, about the possible Wuhan lab leak of COVID-19 over a daily interval. The initial search using keywords located six multi-day bursts of posts of more than 500 per day among 95 K posts. These posts were network analyzed to find the domain of interest using the iterative community detection and pruning process. CSF can be applied to capture the evolutions in semantic domains over time. At the outset, the lab leak theory was presented in conspiracy theory terms. Over time, the conspiratorial elements washed out in favor of an accidental release as the issue moved from social to mainstream media and official government views. CSF identified the relevant social media semantic domain and tracked its changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to counter the prevailing pessimism about the state of organizational sociology by examining the contributions of this line of inquiry to higher education studies. It contends that, despite sociologists' concerns over the usefulness of organizational sociology for informing comprehension of today's organizations, this subfield of sociology continues to hold tremendous promise for higher education scholars interested in understanding how and why higher education institutions behave the way they do, and with what consequences. I focus on organization theory. I first review the contributions of this theoretical lens to higher education studies, commenting on current problems and future prospects. Then, drawing on a study of the influence of global university rankings on the strategic management of Canadian universities, I demonstrate the explanatory power of organizational frameworks regarding the dynamics of change occurring at universities due to a major issue in contemporary higher education as rankings. Special attention is given to resource dependence theory and network influences. I conclude with the suggestion that given evidence of epistemic authority, organization theory provides valuable investigative tools for exploring the inner workings of universities and mobilizing these fundamental organizations to address fundamental sociological concerns such as power, social justice, and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments grapple with the challenges of uncertainty and complexity in disasters due to interconnected actors. This research explores how government organizations can effectively operate during disasters. Two aspects of network effectiveness—structural and procedural approaches—are considered. The structural approach emphasizes the network stability, while the procedural approach focuses on the process of network evolution. Analysing and comparing response networks from two earthquakes in Korea, a crucial environmental change—government reorganization—between them was identified. This allowed to assess how environmental changes impact network effectiveness. The findings suggest that effective disaster management requires complementing centralized authority with actual power distribution, empowering subnetwork groups as centres of common knowledge base, and emphasizing coordination among organizations with diverse expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research endeavours to systematically investigate the multifaceted domain of AI literacy, given the pervasive impact of artificial intelligence on diverse facets of contemporary human existence. The inquiry is motivated by a fundamental question posed to educators: how best to cultivate AI literacies and competencies and how these proficiencies are structured and influenced. Employing a rigorous two-part methodology, the initial phase scrutinises 28 studies from the SCOPUS database, unveiling five distinct discourses germane to AI literacy. Subsequently, the second phase involves the administration of questionnaires to 73 students, whose responses undergo thematic analysis to discern patterns within the four domains delineated by Ng et al. The ensuing discourse underscores a pivotal revelation: despite formal adherence to established discourses, the conceptualisation of AI literacy necessitates a departure from conventional perspectives. Ethical principles, elucidated by students, emerge not merely as individual components but as integral facets of a broader societal literacy profile, thereby advocating a paradigm shift towards social reflection. This novel insight prompts a critical re-evaluation of AI literacy's prevailing assumptions and conceptual frameworks, urging a transition towards models grounded in ecological or network dynamic interactionist principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing NETWORK Lobby for Catholic Social Justice as a case study, this paper explores how women religious and staff at NETWORK communicatively frame organizational tensions experienced with the patriarchy of the Roman Catholic Church. Claiming religious organizing can be considered a type of feminist organizing and exploring tensions of form within organizing, this project relies on interview and participant-observation data to showcase how NETWORK constitutes a socio-material feminist third space, named Sister Spirit, in response to tensional dualities. This study demonstrates how one organization manages dualities via trialectic response to organizational tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although career resilience (CR) research has revealed insights about the conditions under which individuals overcome obstacles and achieve career success, it has not explicated the nature of CR processes or considered how CR processes may be unique to particular social groups. Based on interviews with 41 women who self-identified as being in the early stages of traditionally male careers (TMCs), this study integrates CR with the communication theory of resilience to elucidate how women persist in TMCs despite facing gender-based marginalization. Findings reveal three broad categories of CR processes that (a) engage gendered discourses (using stereotypes, defying stereotypes, justifying behavior, proving worth), (b) challenge gendered discourses (building confidence, direct confrontation, engaging with network) or (c) both engage and challenge gendered discourses (organizational belonging). These themes provide a more robust understanding of CR and suggest future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature has explored how different firm behaviours and strategies in different institutional contexts result in variegation in network structures. Based on those studies, this paper first examines how networks have been shaped by China's institutional transition in general and the process of marketisation in particular. Furthermore, we stress that the rise of networks in China's film industry has in return boosted the development of private firms and subsequently pushed forward the process of marketisation in this industry. Empirical results show that private firms have benefitted more from the complementarity between direct knowledge spillovers via inter‐firm networks and indirect knowledge spillovers via inter‐city networks, while state‐owned enterprises are incapable of coping with the competition effects stemming from inter‐city networks and fail to benefit from trans‐local knowledge spillovers in networks. Our main contribution is thus to direct attention to the interaction between network dynamics and institutional transition, which remains underexplored in the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given historical patterns of unequal access to arts education, we used an ecosystem perspective to investigate Black Centered Arts and Eurocentric Arts in a mid-sized U.S. city, with a focus on youth programs, museums, and other youth arts organizations. We found that practitioner-leaders valued arts quality, equitable access, community embeddedness, and cultural preservation. Programs that provided access to Eurocentric arts tended to be older, larger, and better funded, and network analysis revealed a subnetwork made up largely of Black Centered Arts organizations. Results will inform an ongoing research-practice-philanthropy partnership structured to develop a more equitable city-wide arts ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to report the development of the multiparty collaborative leadership scale (MCLS) that assesses four dimensions of collaborative leadership that have been defined in the literature regarding the functions of collaborative leadership in intra- and interorganizational settings. Design/methodology/approach: The authors have tested the validity and reliability of the MCLS in a sample of 110 managers and professionals who participated in five multiparty collaboration workshops, each lasting for two days. The authors used multilevel analyses to test the construct, discriminant and predictive validity of the MCLS. Findings: The results generally supported the reliability and validity of the MCLS. The scale has good internal consistency and in terms of validation, the authors show that MCLS negatively predicts the conflictuality and positively predicts the collaborativeness of the leading party as well as trust in the multiparty system and its entitativity. Research limitations/implications: The MCLS can be used to extend literature on collaborative leadership and generate insights on the antecedents and consequences of effective collaborative leadership in multiparty systems. Social implications: Multiparty systems are set to deal with important societal challenges and mediators involved in multiparty issues are asked to settle important international disputes and conflicts. Understanding collaborative leadership in such systems and its role in establishing effective multiparty collaboration is key. The MCLS can be used as a research instrument and as a development tool toward realizing much-needed collaboration. Originality/value: The authors present a first attempt to develop a short scale to assess collaborative leadership in complex systems in which participating stakeholders lack position power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to further the understanding of multi-level analysis in inter-organisational relationships by investigating the interplay of governance, cooperation and coordination in inter-organisational projects (IOPs) on sub-system and project levels. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use the Viable Systems Model as a framework to analyse inter-organisational project governance, cooperation and coordination by adopting a multiple-case study. Findings: The findings illustrate how governance and coordination mechanisms exhibit a filter-down effect on lower sub-systems while cooperation influence is confined within each sub-system. While remarking the importance of specific sub-systems on the overall project performance, the interplay of governance, cooperation and coordination across sub-systems appears to be complex, with governance influencing cooperation and coordination, whereas cooperation and coordination influence each other with an incremental effect. Originality/value: This study defines two propositions that explain how multiple levels of analysis (project and sub-systems) can support the governance of large inter-organisational projects. The authors elaborate theory on the interplay of inter-organisational project governance, cooperation and coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the coevolution of interorganizational project and social networks, this study examines the evolution of research and development (R&D) cooperation by simulating the play of an appropriate game model. We assume that decision‐makers are aggressive or prudent in terms of expectations. The results show that the effects of expectation type and heterogeneity on cooperation evolution depend on the project scale. Aggressive decision‐makers are more sensitive to free‐riding behaviors than prudent decision‐makers. The effect of supervision on cooperation is contingent on decision‐makers' expectations. Finally, the study develops suggestions for the governance of interorganizational R&D cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of network governance have found that network management contributes to the effective performance of the network. Nevertheless, the influence of politics on the relationship between network management and network performance has not yet been examined. This is particularly true within traditional minority communities that have only partially adopted aspects of modernity and democratic governance. We conducted a survey among 160 Arab Israeli network members to examine the relationship between network management and perceived network performance by taking into account the effect of internal and external politics. Our findings show that network politics and hamula politics have a moderated mediation effect on this relationship. The study makes a theoretical contribution by emphasising the role of socio-cultural, managerial and political aspects of traditional communities when trying to develop local network governance. In these frameworks, the adoption of local network governance is challenging because democracy and network governance are still under-developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change impacts on housing are an essential concern for Alaska Native communities. Adaptation literature has largely ignored the role of inter-organizational coordination networks in supporting housing adaptation. To address this gap, we surveyed 26 organizations and 36 participants from organizations working regionally in rural Alaska on housing service, construction, and engineering projects. We employ social network analysis (SNA), including Logistic Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure (LRQAP), to explore the influence of network centrality on an organization's ability to enact housing adaptation. Results indicate that when two organizations have similarities in their network centrality, or how connected an organization was in the network, the less likely they are to have similar, positive views in their ability to enact housing adaptation. With a limited capacity to prepare for climate change impacts and integrate adaptation into existing programs, it is important for organizations and governments to mobilize the entirety of inter-organizational coordination networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening interorganizational collaboration is critical to mitigate the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and improve community health. We examined change in interorganizational collaboration around ACEs within Peace4Tarpon's network and investigated factors influencing collaboration. We conducted a community‐wide social network analysis among 32 trauma‐informed organizations in 2016 and 2018, using network analysis methods to examine interorganizational cohesion (density, transitivity, triad census) over time, and multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure to investigate factors influencing collaboration. Network cohesion measures indicated small increases in collaboration level and greater network cohesion over time. Conducting ACEs screenings was a significant factor (b = 0.237; p < 0.01) predicting likelihood of interorganizational collaboration in 2016. No assessed ACEs practices predicted collaboration in 2018, suggesting variables assessed predicted a small proportion of variance in collaboration change. Results provide a foundation for understanding how ACEs/trauma‐informed practices influence collaboration and highlight implications of interorganizational collaboration. Peace4Tarpon's 2‐year progress provides insights for other trauma‐informed communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic review of the use of the actor-network theory (art) as a methodological tool in social science research. For this purpose, we relied on the Scoping Review methodology to conduct a search in three databases, using as selection criteria the use of the term network actor in the title, keywords and abstract. We filtered the publications related to collectives and networks where art is used as a methodological reference and we catalogued them by field of study, identifying common elements in the categories. This review article highlights the possibilities and limitations of art. We conclude that the use of art requires assuming an ontological posture based on the understanding of reality as a network of symmetrical actors who act as agents for others, transforming the references that include them starting from processes of mediation and translation that can be studied from radical empiricism. This makes art an alternative that can describe, analyze and intervene networks from an understanding of the actors that compose them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared belief systems are generally assumed to forge policy networks. Empirical evidence whether and to what extend shared policy core beliefs create ally networks and under which circumstances shared policy core beliefs are not necessary to form these networks, however, is limited. Based on a novel inferential network approach in combination with mediation analysis, this study investigates the role of belief systems as a link between interest group type and policy preference congruence, ultimately leading to ally networks in the European Union. In order to measure the intervening effect of policy core beliefs, automated text analysis is used. Our results suggest that shared policy core beliefs are a strong mediator for members of the same interest group. In addition, "strange bedfellow" networks between NGOs and businesses do, in fact, lack belief congruence and emerge on issues with low potential for intergroup conflict. This paper makes a contribution to our understanding of ally network formation and adds to the emerging line of research which combines quantitative text with inferential network analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislative professionalism is central to the politico-institutional context of postsecondary policy adoption in state governments. The core argument in existing research is that as legislative professionalism increases, structural capacity for decision-making increases. Evidence for this argument is mixed, exclusively quantitative, and assumes a bureaucratic logic. The goal of this study is to deepen understanding of legislative professionalism by examining how policy stakeholders perceive the postsecondary policy environment in a "citizen legislature." The study draws on 26 in-depth interviews with higher education stakeholders in Nevada. The findings contribute empirically to the literature by demonstrating that legislative professionalism can be understood in terms of the meanings assigned distinctive legislative environments. The results also make a conceptual contribution to this literature by showing how loose coupling in interorganizational relations and bounded rationality shape the policy environment—in ways that yield benefits for some institutions and disadvantages for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of cognitive social structures to public administration and policy scholars. Cognitive social structures are the perceptions, or mental maps, actors hold of the relationships that exist among the members of their network. These perceptions and their accuracy have implications for actor behavior, decisions, and outcomes. The literature on network cognitions has developed in the fields of psychology and organization studies but has yet to be applied in public administration and policy. We provide an overview of cognitive social structure research. We then demonstrate the theoretical and practical implications cognitive social structures hold for our field by examining applications in two research areas—implementation and leadership. We argue that using a network cognition perspective can help researchers and practitioners to better explain and pursue important organizational and interorganizational phenomena. We hope this article fosters new dialogue on the role of network cognitions in public administration and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]