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The COVID-19 pandemic triggered major changes in labor markets and to working practices worldwide. Hybrid working has become mainstream, and today’s graduates are entering a substantially changed workplace to their pre-pandemic peers. While many of the challenges of hybrid working have been well-documented elsewhere, this paper considers the extent to which these trends create competency gaps for those entering a hybrid workplace early in their career, who are also new to the workforce, and the roles that business schools and employers can play in addressing this. Using a socio-technical systems lens, and adopting an abductive approach, the research explored the work experiences of management interns employed full-time, between 2020 and 2021. We examined reflective essays written by 170 interns, alongside in-depth interviews with 22 of these interns. Thematic analysis explored the challenges and opportunities experienced through hybrid working, and interns’ perceptions of how such experiences affected their development. Thematic analysis identified a series of socio-digital challenges that require attention by business schools, to adequately prepare management graduates for the contemporary hybrid workplace. Implications are considered for the advancement of socio-technical theory, and its application to digital upskilling, employability, and inclusivity in management education and the career ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduation internship is a typical type of experiential learning. Educational institutions have increasingly offered various types of experiential learning through which students can develop knowledge, skills, and values from practical experiences outside traditional academic settings. Gaining professional experiences through graduation internship has enormous benefits, especially in this competitive employment market. This descriptive study aimed to investigate a group of EFL student interns for their perceived benefits and challenges of a five-week graduation internship at a center of foreign languages in a central university in South Vietnam. The findings revealed that all the interns had positive perceptions towards their graduation internship in spite of several typical challenges such as strict deadlines and the time limit of internship program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using concept mapping, the authors examined peer feedback exchanged in group supervision to understand how master's level interns perceived feedback received from their peers. Five regions and 18 clusters were represented through 193 feedback statements, and the interns rated the benefit, desirability, accuracy, and impact of the feedback they received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In response to the prevalence of perceived internship Pick‐up Artist(PUA) behaviours and the lack of appropriate measurement tools, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new self‐designed questionnaire, the Perceived Internship PUA Scale (PIPUAS), to assess college student interns' perceptions of internship PUA behaviours. The scale was developed based on interviews with college student interns. A sample of 340 college student interns from a provincial university in Hebei Province, China, participated in the study. Rasch analysis was used to examine the psychometric properties of the scale, including unidimensionality, monotonicity, item fit statistics, item polarity, item‐ and person‐level reliability and separation, item hierarchy and measurement invariance across gender and birthplace. The results indicated that the PIPUAS is a unidimensional construct with good psychometric properties, although some issues need to be addressed to further improve the scale. The study's limitations and directions for future research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric disorder, is common in children and can persist into adulthood. With or without hyperactivity, it involves chronic impulsivity and inattention. Despite being a widespread illness, there is little research on ADHD knowledge and awareness among health college interns in Riyadh, KSA. Therefore, this study examined health college interns' knowledge and awareness in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia's capital. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered validated survey was used to gather demographics as well as knowledge and awareness scores in King Saud University, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Imam Mohammed ibn Saud, and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman, and one private Almaarefa University. Results: This study included 322 health college interns aged 18–24; 55% were males. The Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams (SPPLE) were passed by 65.5% of participants from King Saud University and KSAU-HS, Riyadh's leading medical and pharmaceutical universities. They are evenly split throughout the four GPA categories. The interns knowledgeable and aware of ADHD (scored ≥ 13 on a 20-scale score) constituted 68% of the interns. Interns who passed Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams graduated from pharmacy and medicine schools, and had ≥4.5 or more GPAs were more knowledgeable than other interns. Conclusion: As per our research, most health college interns in Riyadh were aware of ADHD; however, medical and pharmacy interns were more knowledgeable than others. This suggests that other health colleges should revamp their ADHD and neurological illness topics curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Orthopaedic Surgery Match is highly competitive, with more applicants than residency spots. With the Step 1 Exam moving to a pass/fail result, residency programs and applicants have fewer objective data to determine applicants' relative competitiveness. Through this study, we sought to provide the mean number of accepted publications on PubMed a successfully matched orthopedic surgery applicant has by the time of submission of their application. Materials and Methods: Orthopedic surgery residency programs participating in the National Resident Matching Program were identified by their ranking on the Doximity Residency Navigator. Each program's intern class and their medical schools were identified. Their names were searched in PubMed and Scopus and articles with their name and affiliations were recorded. Results: In total, 877 orthopedic surgery interns published a mean of 3.30±5.27 articles each on PubMed. They were first or second author on 1.44±2.58, and 1.96±3.89 publications were related to orthopedic surgery. There were no statistical differences between degree, sex, or residency program rank from the Doximity Residency Navigator. The mean number of publications from a successful applicant was approximately 3. There was a great range in the number of publications, and 27.3% of successful applicants did not have a single publication. Conclusion: Future applicants and programs can use this number to gauge relative research output. [Orthopedics. 2024;47(6):355–358.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the desirable characteristics of information science interns according to the needs of each type of business organization. The sample was classified into 4 types from 33 organizations such as government agencies, state enterprises, private organizations, and government regulation organizations. The result showed that desirable characteristics of the information science interns as perceived by business organization were divided into 2 main skills. The first skill was called Soft skill. It includes the moral and ethical behavior that most influences professional internships, namely discipline, punctuality, responsibility and teamwork. Cognitive skills were critical and systematic thinking, and information searching, analyzing and assessment for solving problem, the personal relationship and responsibilities assisted and facilitated problem solving in various situations. The second skill was called Hard skill. It includes Thai, English and other language skills for communication, and the ability to use office suites software capabilities and specialized software for specific tasks.

While workforce development can create skilled workers and better jobs, employer engagement is often limited. This article analyzes the case of Tennessee Pathways and draws on interviews with highly engaged employers, including those that hosted youth worker interns. The author investigates how employers accounted for their involvement and how program design shaped the benefits they perceived. Despite a traditional focus on skills gaps, the author finds that most employers sustained their engagement due to workforce challenges rooted in a mismatch between new hires' expectations and the realities of the job, which resulted in high turnover of incumbent adult workers. Employers perceived that youth programs addressed this issue by fostering "career embeddedness" and deepening youth workers' commitment to a nascent career interest or by redirecting them to other viable options. The author argues that practitioners should promote the potential of workforce development to yield long-term workforce reproduction and next-generation career development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To assess the eyedrop instillation technique by medical interns, and to study the effect of video-assisted training. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study performed on interns of teaching institute. First, interns were asked to instil the eye drops on volunteers which was video recorded. Interns were then given ‘video-assisted training’ (VAT) of correct technique and again reassessment was performed immediately, after one-week and one-month interval. All the recorded videos were evaluated by a single independent blinded expert and scored according to the scoring system devised by subject experts based on the available literature. The data were entered in Microsoft Office Excel and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The study showed that before training 43.80% had good practice with mean test score of 6.32 ± 1.63. Immediately after video-assisted training, there was significant improvement in technique of instilling eye drop with mean test score of 9.01 ± 0.62 (P < 0.0001), after one week, the mean test score was 9.52 ± 0.71 (P < 0.0001), and after one-month, mean test score was 9.56 ± 0.75 (P < 0.0001). Each step of eyedrop instillation was compared before and after the VAT and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: In our current study, initially interns had practised incorrect technique of instillation of eyedrop. But after video-assisted training there has been notable improvement in the technique of instilling eyedrop. Periodic VAT might be helpful in ensuring them to follow the correct technique regularly.

Background: Due to lack of formal training, young doctors cannot deliver bad news in a way that is expected by patients and their attendants, thereby jeopardizing doctor–patient relationship. Aim: The aim of this study was to train interns about "breaking bad news" to the patients using a structured module. Materials and Methods: A workshop comprising interactive lectures and videos followed by debriefing, and discussion was conducted for interns. Pre/posttest, workshop feedback evaluation, and a group activity based on article case were conducted, followed by discussion. An assessment of skills based on a checklist was done after 15 days of workshop in simulated conditions. Results: There was a significant difference in scores of written tests taken by all 56 participants before and after the session (P < 0.0001). Almost all of them agreed that their ability to break bad news has improved, and they feel confident in breaking bad news after attending this session. During the assessment of the skill of breaking bad news, most of them fell into the category of beginner after attending the workshop with a median of 2. Conclusions: A structured module is an effective method in improving the skills of the interns in sharing bad news with the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parent-child interpersonal communication and friendship quality on academic stress. This study used multiple regression analysis methods with the SPSS version 26.0 program to examine the effect of Parent-Child Interpersonal Communication and Friendship Quality on Academic Stress in Structured Internship Students. A total of 206 participants were selected using non-probality sampling, convenience sampling. Data collection used three research instruments, which are the Academic Stress Scale (alpha= .957), the Parent-Child Interpersonal Communication Scale (alpha = .922), and the Friendship Quality Scale (alpha= .926). All hypotheses of this study can be accepted. There is a significant influence of parent-child interpersonal communication and friendship quality both together and separately on academic stress. The results showed that parent-child interpersonal communication and friendship quality influenced academic stress by 10.3%. Parent-child interpersonal communication on academic stress is 14.5%, and the quality of friendship has an influence of 7.2% on the occurrence of student academic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kenya grapples with a paradox; severe public sector workforce shortages co-exist with rising unemployment among healthcare professionals. Medical schools have increased trainee outputs, but only 45% of newly qualified/registered doctors were absorbed by the public sector during 2015–2018. In such a context, we explore what influences doctors' career choices at labour market entry, specifically understanding the role of public service motivation (PSM). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study of interns and recently graduated doctors to examine PSM, their intention to work in the public sector and their final employment sector and status. We surveyed them on their PSM and job intentions and conducted a prospective follow-up survey of the interns, around one year later, to understand their employment status. Findings: We recruited 356 baseline participants and followed up 76 out of 129 eligible interns. The overall PSM score was high among all participants (rated 4.50/5.00) irrespective of sector preferences. 48% (171/356) of the participants preferred to work in the public sector immediately after internship, alongside 16% (57/356) preferring direct entry into specialist training—commonly in the public sector. Only 13% (46/356) and 7% (25/365) preferred to work in the private or faith-based sector. Despite the high proportion of interns preferring public sector jobs, only 17% (13/76) were employed in the public sector at follow-up and 13% (10/76) were unemployed, due to lack of job availability. Conclusion: High PSM scores irrespective of sector preferences suggest that doctors are generally committed to serving the 'public good'. Many intended to work in the public sector but were unable to due to lack of job opportunities. Policymakers have an opportunity to tackle workforce gaps in the public sector as young doctors continue to express a preference for such work. To do this they should prioritise creating adequate and sustainable job opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internships are widely promoted high-impact practices that can have positive impacts on students' academic and post-graduate success, yet how specific features facilitate these outcomes is understudied. Instead, internships are often studied in terms of mere participation, without recognizing that these experiences are complex pedagogic spaces shaped by professional cultures and decisions about instructional design. In this sequential mixed-methods study we use sociocultural learning theory to interpret data from online surveys (n = 435) and focus groups (n = 52) with students at five institutions. Stepwise linear regression analyses of demographic and programmatic variables associated with intern satisfaction, developmental value, and career adaptability indicated that first-generation status, sex, race and income level, and supervisor behaviors were significantly associated with satisfaction and development. Analyses of qualitative data revealed that features of positive (clear communication, availability, feedback) and negative (unavailability, inattention to learning) supervision impacted student experiences. These findings reveal that internships should be designed with careful attention to task scaffolding, student autonomy and supervisor assistance, depending on the professional context and situation. These results highlight the need for colleges and employers to design internships as mentored and culturally shaped learning spaces, provide supervisor training, and consider the cultural backgrounds of students when matching them to internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real life mechanisms used to assign doctors to hospitals inherit properties from matching theory, it enhances the welfare of interns and allows to implement interns to hospital in a stable way. We briefly review matching theory, then discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these centralized markets vs decentralized ones using the property of assortative matchings as main analytical tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For both undergraduate and graduate medical students, understanding how to interpret an elec- trocardiogram (ECG) is essential. Accurate ECG interpretation influences the course of care for acute cardio- vascular emergencies. The present study is aimed at assessing the competency in ECG interpretation among medical interns and residents of internal medicine and ER residents in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical interns and residents of internal medicine and ER residents at Taif University doing residency training programs in Taif Hospitals. ECG figures were selected from the ECG textbooks and ECG web blogs and were reviewed by two cardiologists. After the ECG strip selection, the reviewed structured questionnaires were distributed to the survey participants. Results: A total of 163 medical interns and residents were included, of them, 79 (48.5%) were aged less than 25 years, and 84 (51.5%) were aged 25 years or more with a mean age of 25.1 ± 3.2 years. A total of 88 (54%) were females. A total of 59 (36.2%) had an overall high competency level with ECG, 79 (48.5%) had moderate ECG competency, and 25 (15.3%) had a low competency level. The overall competency score ranged from 1 to 10 with a mean score of 6.6 ± 1.9 points out of 10. Receiving training and having an ACLS course was signifi- cantly associated with a higher competence level. Conclusion: The current study showed that medical interns and residents in Taif showed an average compe- tence level regarding ECG interpretation with higher competence among those who were trained and received ACLS courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundFollowing graduation, Israeli medical cadets complete a 12-months training period in hospitals, having profound influence on their future career. Burnout, sense of personal and professional uncertainty and disorientation are already notable in this group. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential impact of empowerment, psychological and career counseling on the level of satisfaction and burnout of medicine cadets during their internship year in a tertiary medical center.MethodsIn a tertiary hospital's education authority, we offer constructed, personalized psychological and counseling services with continuous process of appraisal. During an 18-month period we followed their monthly feedback relating to satisfaction, learning experience and level of socialization. The study was designed as comparative research assessing cadets' satisfaction before, and after intervention as a surrogate marker for their burnout.ResultsComparison of measured parameters showed statistically significant improvement, with interns stationed in the surgical departments (n = 86) showing the highest degree of improvement: the extent of acquiring new knowledge and competencies (1 to 5 Likert) went from 2.2 ± 1.0 to 3.3 ± 1.42; p < 0.005; experience from the absorption process into the department (LQR from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 3.5 ± 1.56; p < 0.05), degree of motivation to recommend peers to apply for residency (LQR from 2.3 ± 1.0 to 3.1 ± 1.6; p = 0.05) and the experience of being accepted to the department by the staff nurses (LQR from 2.7 ± 1.3 to 3.5 ± 1.1; p < 0.05).ConclusionsA combined, ongoing process of appraisal, empowerment, psychological and career counseling seems promising in the relenting effort to improve cadets' satisfaction and hopefully withhold the burnout process of young physicians.

Introduction: Developing the skills of clinical reasoning is a tedious process, especially for the novice learner and requires practice. The clinical reasoning skill is a cognitive process of systematic clinical decision making needed to reduce diagnostic errors. A clinical reasoning tool for diagnosis using the Bloom’s taxonomy of critical thinking has been in use in the Paediatrics Department of the University of Port Harcourt. However, little is known about the difficulties encountered by trainees (medical students and early career doctors) while using the tool during daily clinical clerkship. We aimed to determine aspects of the clinical reasoning process trainees find difficult and ways to make this easier. Methods: A well-structured, pretested questionnaire was administered to 67 medical undergraduates and 99 early career medical doctors which assessed responses to the definition of clinical reasoning, matching Bloom’s taxonomy hierarchy with steps in clinical reasoning, functional and structural abnormalities and attitudes towards the use of the clinical reasoning tool. The Likert 5 point scale tool was used to assess attitudes and practice difficulties during the use of the tool. The differences in responses were tested for significance using Student’s T test, and Chi squared test, with p values

The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of outcome reporting after elective visceral surgery in a low volume district hospital. Outcome measurement as well as transparent reporting of surgical complications becomes more and more important. In the future, financial and personal resources may be distributed due to reported quality and thus, it is in the main interest of healthcare providers that outcome data are accurately collected. Between 10/2020 and 09/2021 postoperative complications during the hospitalisation were recorded using the Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) and comprehensive complication index by residents of a surgical department in a district hospital. After one year of prospective data collection, data were retrospectively analyzed and re-evaluated for accuracy by senior consultant surgeons. In 575 patients undergoing elective general or visceral surgery interns and residents reported an overall rate of patients with complications of 7.3% (n = 42) during the hospitalization phase, whereas a rate of 18.3% (n = 105) was revealed after retrospective analysis by senior consultant surgeons. Thus, residents failed to report patients with postoperative complications in 60% of cases (63/105). In the 42 cases, in which complications were initially reported, the grading of complications was correct only in 33.3% of cases (n = 14). Complication grades that were most missed were CDC grade I and II. Quality of outcome measurement in a district hospital is poor if done by unexperienced residents and significantly underestimates the true complication rate. Outcome measurement must be done or supervised by experienced surgeons to ensure correct and reliable outcome data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the impacts and perceptions of online Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) programs among fourth-year criminology interns at Trinidad Municipal College (TMC) in Poblacion, Trinidad, Bohol. Using a descriptive survey, 130 respondents provided insights into their perceptions of online ROTC and the program's effectiveness. Statistical analyses were used to analyze the data, including percentage formulas and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. Findings reveal concerns among respondents regarding hindrances to physical fitness and feelings of isolation in the online format, with a consensus that in-person training is more effective. The study concludes that online ROTC programs present challenges and limitations, with no significant difference between perceived impact and actual experiences. Recommendations include enhancing hands-on training, improving communication, simulating real-life scenarios, evaluating program flexibility, enhancing instructor training, and conducting regular evaluations to optimize online ROTC programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For dental graduates, internships are a vital transitional phase that gives them the invaluable opportunity to close the gap between their academic studies and the reality of professional dentistry. Research on dental internships remains limited and most of the existing studies focus on the clinical aspects of dental internships with little attention given to dental interns' experiences overall. This study aims to bridge this gap in the literature by gaining an in-depth understanding of Saudi dental graduates' range of experiences as dental interns. Methods: To achieve the research objective, this study adopted a qualitative approach. Using purposive and snowball sampling, the study recruited 23 dental interns from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia, who had completed at least nine months of their internship. Data was gathered across three months via diaries and virtual semi-structured interviews based on participants' preferences. The data was then analysed thematically using an inductive analytical strategy. Results: The data analysis revealed three major themes and four sub-themes regarding the experiences of dental interns. The core three themes were "activities", "autonomy" and "transitioning to a balanced life" whereby interns have the time and freedom to explore their interests, rekindle their social lives and focus on self-care, resulting in a better work-life balance. Conclusion: This study suggests that dental interns will benefit from the retention and strengthening of key internship activities such as research, community work and clinical rotations. Additionally, the experiences of dental interns can be improved by encouraging interns to progress in their clinical training with a high level of autonomy. Also, due to the limited research in this area, further studies are required to improve our understanding of the lived experiences of dental interns and dental internships in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Methods Findings Discussion Conclusion and Implications for Nursing This study aims to investigate the status of academic support perception among nursing interns and explore the correlation between academic support perception, emotional intelligence, and bullying behaviors in nursing education, especially the moderating role of bullying behavior on the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception.Academic support perception is closely related to the nursing interns’ mental health and academic performance. To some extent, it can reflect nursing interns’ satisfaction and happiness during their internship, affecting their motivation to continue their studies. However, little is known about the nursing interns’ academic support perception in China.A total of 1020 nursing interns participated in this study. A sociodemographic information questionnaire, Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale, Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Academic Support in the Practicum Scale were used to collect data.Bullying behaviors and emotional intelligence were significantly associated with nursing interns’ academic support perception. In addition, bullying behaviors in nursing education moderated the association between emotional intelligence and academic support perception.Nursing interns who possess high emotional intelligence and experience less bullying in nursing education tend to perceive higher academic support in clinical practice. The positive effects of emotional intelligence on nursing interns’ academic support perceptions are contingent on the level of bullying behavior experienced in nursing education. Less bullying behaviors in nursing education enhance the impact of emotional intelligence on academic support perception.Strategies should be created to promote emotional intelligence and decrease bullying behaviors in nursing education to improve the perception of academic support among nursing interns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing worldwide worry about dental waste stems from the widespread use of materials in dental treatments. Therefore, it was crucial to conduct a comprehensive analysis to evaluate how dental waste is handled by dentistry professionals and students, resulting in important discoveries. Objectives: This study seeks to investigate dental waste management procedures among dental students and practitioners while assessing the various forms of dental waste produced in different departments. Moreover, it aims to explore possible strategies for improving the handling and disposal of dental waste. Methods: Students, interns, teachers, and practitioners completed an online questionnaire to provide primary data. A survey was conducted using random sampling procedures to obtain a sample of 406 persons from different dental institutions and hospitals. Results: The research findings indicated that a significant percentage of staff members and students exhibited awareness of appropriate disposal techniques for different categories of dental waste. The Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology faculty members have shown exceptional skill. In general, the participants demonstrated a significant understanding of proper disposal methods, especially for items linked to dentistry. However, there were differences in knowledge levels across other departments, as shown by a greater proportion of skilled staff in departments like Oral Pathology & Oral Microbiology and Orthodontics compared to the students in such departments. Conclusion: This research highlights the need to include thorough waste management education in dentistry schools to tackle the increasing environmental and health issues related to dental waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to understand the factors that shape intern engagement in remote settings by investigating the relationship between faculty support, institutional communication, intern cynicism, professional efficacy and work engagement during remote internships. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected for a period of two years from 309 interns representing four prestigious business schools in India. The statistical analysis involved employing covariance-based modelling using AMOS 22 and the NCA package for R. Findings: The study reveals that institutional communication plays a vital role in reducing intern cynicism and enhancing professional efficacy, ultimately leading to higher levels of engagement. However, faculty support was found to primarily address cynicism, without significantly bolstering intern's professional efficacy. Further, faculty support plays a more important role in facilitating work engagement compared to institutional communication. Research limitations/implications: The findings contribute to the Job Demands-Resources theory and efficacy literature by highlighting the distinct role of institutional factors in determining intern engagement. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that shape intern engagement in remote settings. Practical implications: The findings suggest that institutions should prioritize task-oriented communication practices, as this contributes to enhancing intern's professional efficacy. Additionally, faculty members should focus on addressing intern cynicism through relationship-oriented communication strategies. Originality/value: This study's originality lies in its examination of the underexplored domain of remote internships, providing actionable insights that can inform the development of interventions aimed at deepening engagement in remote internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and awareness on pulp vitality tests among dental interns and postgraduate (PG) students. Methods: Using a standardized approach and employing focus group discussions, a 13-item questionnaire was developed. The questionnaires were shared with dental interns and PGs of various dental colleges through WhatsApp and their registered e-mail addresses as a Google Form link. Data from all the individuals were collected to assess and compare the knowledge among dental interns and PG students. Results: During 4 weeks, 358 of the total 428 responses were received. The final analysis was carried out using 340 responses (145 PG [42.6%] and 195 intern [57.4%] responses), of which 18 were excluded due to repeated responses. More than half of the participants needed more knowledge about pulp vitality testing. Conclusion: Dental PG students had better knowledge and awareness than interns, but implementing this in practice was relatively negligible. Knowing the importance of comprehending pulp vitality tests may aid students in reducing the possibility of damaging the healthy structure of the teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: The study explores how COVID-19 impacts hospitality interns' career choices and experience. Through a comprehensive literature review, key findings emerge regarding the effects of the pandemic on internship programs, the challenges interns face, and the factors influencing their post-pandemic career decisions. Methodology: The first step of the study is a comprehensive literature review, which establishes a qualitative approach to gathering information from existing research, articles, and publications. Principal Findings: COVID-19 has heavily affected hospitality internships, resulting in cancellations and remote work. However, interns have shown resilience by adapting to new learning methods and career exploration. Employers in the hospitality industry are hopeful about interns' job prospects after the pandemic, emphasizing the need to support students and address their career concerns for industry recovery. Applications of the study: This study offers valuable insights that empower educators, industry professionals, and policymakers to adapt internship programs, support intern resilience, and understand evolving career preferences in hospitality. By understanding COVID-19's impact on interns, stakeholders can make informed decisions to aid industry recovery. Novelty/Originality of the study: This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on hospitality internships, emphasizing both challenges and intern resilience. It offers insights for interns, industry recovery, and guidance to educators, professionals, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Despite the importance of acquiring clinical skills and competencies in medical students, the studies demonstrated that students do not develop the necessary clinical skills. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the clinical-practical skills training status of medical interns at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all incoming 2015 and 2016 interns in 2022. The participants were divided into two groups .The first group of interns who were at their first of 3-4 months of internship. The second group of interns who were at their end of 2-3 months of the internship period. The training status of their clinical-practical skills was collected in the form of self-assessment using a standardized questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.87 and analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results: In the self-assessment, The skills of measuring pulse rate, respiratory rate, bladder catheter, blood pressure, and gastric catheter from the first skill category and suturing skills from the second category had the highest mean scores. The difference in the mean skill scores of the second category was significant between the two groups (P<0.05); nonetheless, this difference was not significant in the other two categories (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the low self-assessment score of some clinical skills and the crucial role of clinical skills as the most critical source of skill acquisition, improving the quality of education in this center and expanding its activities can be a suitable solution to solve this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental impacts on academic and professional training globally. There were demands to salvage the academic year, ensure maximum competencies under the circumstances and safeguard training psychologists. Given these demands, it is no surprise that training psychologists often experience burnout and threats to their mental well-being. We conducted seven semi-structured interviews with South African intern psychologists from the 2020 cohort about their internship experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed two predominant themes regarding the influence of supportive and unsupportive experiences. First, while some interns reported receiving support from their psychotherapy supervisors, most highlighted the general disconnect from them during COVID-19-imposed lockdowns. The latter mostly led to a rupture in the supervisory alliance, leaving the participants feeling a sense of loss. Despite this disconnect, many interns nonetheless expressed empathy for their supervisors, who also had to navigate the unchartered territory of online psychotherapeutic and supervisory work. In stark contrast to this disconnect from their supervisors, the second theme illuminates the strong connection between interns. Reportedly, the hardship of COVID-19 strengthened the connection between the interns and provided them with a safe space where they could get emotional and practical support. The research reiterates the role of support and the importance of a broader conceptualisation of competency that goes beyond abilities and skills towards a more integrated professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current bleep communication system between nurses and interns on-call in most Irish hospitals has been linked with interruption in patient care, disruption to workflow, inefficiency, increased burden and stress to the on-call health staff. A new electronic system was introduced in a University Hospital to replace and eliminate bleep usage during on-call hours. An Intern on-call task electronic template was generated using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. This electronic system enabled users to review and respond to requests placed by nursing healthcare staff. This project initially underwent a trial process in three wards for a period of two weeks in June 2023. Interns and nurses were asked to fill a survey before and after introduction of the system. The project was implemented across all wards in August 2023 and a secondary survey was obtained. In addition, the spreadsheets were analysed retrospectively. During the trial, twenty-six interns and twenty nurses were surveyed before and after implementation of the electronic system. Interns satisfaction rate was 73% and stress was reported to be reduced by 65%. Notably, 57% of interns reported a reduction in workload and the number of bleeps was reported to be as <10 by 42%. Nurses reported a decrease in the number of bleeps they needed to send overall by 65% and by 55% for repeated jobs. Workload was reported to be increased by 15% by nurses. However, exactly half of the nurses were unhappy with the new system and stress levels were unchanged. This project has shown promising results, efficient and clear communication was noted with an overall positive feedback and satisfaction rate by doctors. However, as evident, from a nursing perspective further work is needed to further progress into a system that can benefit both parties involved. • Using an electronic system to replace bleeps showed promising results. • Positive feedback and satisfaction rate were reflected by on-call doctors. • Moderate reduction in workload and stress was reported by on-call doctors. • The electronic system is simple, cost-effect and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the massive body of work reconceptualizing school mathematics in keeping with progressive approaches, research has shown that many school mathematics teachers still opt for more traditional methods. The present study sheds light on the mechanisms that shape mathematics teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices and thereby sheds light on those factors that support or impede the adoption of more reform-based teaching methods in mathematics. By adopting a sociological perspective, the study explores the school mathematics culture based on reflective blogs published by high-school mathematics interns during the year of their professional and cultural socialization. A qualitative analysis of the blogs yielded 10 cultural codes, suggesting that these could be hegemonically reproduced and preserved by the schools' more experienced mathematics teachers, who also emerged as primary socialization agents during the interns' induction into the teaching profession. The findings are salient for teacher educators and mentors who aim to promote changes in the pedagogical practices in teaching mathematics in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The study and practice of medicine are known to contribute to burnout in medical students and junior doctors. There is limited data on the degree of mental health burden for Australian medical students and doctors‐in‐training (DiT). This scoping review aims to explore the impact of medical training on the mental health of Australian medical students and DiT. Exploring the mental health landscape across different stages of training will help to establish putative factors underlying psychiatric comorbidities in this demographic. Methods: The Joanna Brigs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping review was utilized, involving the Population/Concept/Context (PCC) criteria to identify the target population and develop the search strategy. Peer‐reviewed articles, published in English from 2012 to 2022 focusing on Australian medical students' and doctors‐in‐training mental health were considered. Results: Of the 177 articles identified, 24 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies focused on DiT (n = 19) of which interns and residents were most well represented (n = 12) followed by surgical training (n = 5), with general practice (GP) (n = 2) and physician specialties (nil) being poorly represented. Most studies were quantitative (n = 18), with qualitative studies(n = 6) under represented. Common mental health themes identified were overall psychological distress, burnout, and depression/suicidal ideation with workplace harassment and discrimination being less well represented. Conclusions: Australian DiT are not equally represented in the literature with how different specialty training pathways impact their mental health. Most studies were cross‐sectional, preventing a detailed longitudinal assessment of burnout and work‐associated psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the relationship between leadership dynamics, innovation practices, and green creativity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. The study finds that transformational and transactional leadership styles have a positive impact on innovation practices and green creativity. However, green motivation negatively moderates the relationship between innovation practices and green creativity. The study emphasizes the importance of leadership styles and fostering a culture of innovation for driving green creativity in SMEs. Additionally, a list of references is provided for further research on achieving sustainable competitive advantage through green innovation. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a theoretical review of the concept of Organizational Attractiveness and its measurement models. It identifies gaps in the existing literature, including the need for more comprehensive models that consider beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and actions. The article also highlights the limitations of current methodologies, sample sizes, and lack of diversity in the studied populations. It emphasizes the importance of considering the internal perspective of employees and the need for context-specific research. Additionally, the article provides a list of references and citations from various sources, making it a valuable resource for researchers in this area. [Extracted from the article]

Around 13,500 Allied civilians were interned by Japan throughout China during the Second World War. This article explores how these Allied internees were rescued after the war. It finds that the Allied and Japanese governments made painstaking efforts to make the rescue mission a success. The complex military, diplomatic, and political context in China around the end of the war caused numerous difficulties for the rescue mission. This context also facilitated the mission to a certain degree by creating the conditions for the Allied internees to become increasingly valuable, which, in turn motivated the Allied and Japanese governments to work actively towards their relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral malignant lesions are the most common malignancy of which majority are diagnosed in advanced stages in Saudi Arabia. Patients with oral malignant lesion are first seen by general dental practitioners and dental students. Multiple surveys have been conducted and published to assess the students, interns, and dentists' awareness and attitude toward oral premalignant lesions worldwide. However, little is known about this issue in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions among dental students, dental interns, and practitioners in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted and electronically distributed. The questionnaire comprised of three sections including demographic variables, knowledge of risk factors of oral malignancy, and six clinical case scenarios. Descriptive statistics were used, and the results were reported using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test. A 300 participants answered to the questionnaire, and 83% of respondents strongly agreed that smoking is a risk factor for oral malignancy. However, there was some uncertainty in responses for some more specific oral-related factors, such as a sharp-edged tooth and irritation from dental restoration. Furthermore, the knowledge and awareness of detecting frankly benign and frankly malignant lesions such as fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma are higher comparing to potentially malignant lesion, i.e. lichen planus. Knowledge and awareness of detecting oral premalignant lesions vary based on malignancy factors and by participants academic level. Fibroma and SCC are detected easily among all participants. However, lichen planus was the hardest to diagnose among oral lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical undergraduates having lack of interpersonal skills may lead to severe deficiencies in health services. Currently these were not being trained or assessed at workplace for their behavior and communication skills during their medical curriculum. During this study, mini-CEX (mini clinical evaluation exercise) was used as a work place based assessment (WPBA) tool to assess the interpersonal skills of interns and providing them concurrent feedback. The aim of this study was to evaluate and improving the interpersonal skills of interns posted in orthopedic department during their rotatory internship while assessing the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of mini-CEX assessment as a tool. Materials and Methods: This prospective and interventional study was conducted in department of orthopedics of our hospital settings between July to November of 2022. The forty interns who participated in this study were on rotatory internship in our department and 06 volunteered faculty members were also included. The mini-CEX form as assessment tool structured by American Board of Internal Medicine was used in this study. Each intern undergone six rotatory assessment sessions, on mini-CEX forms with each of the faculty comprising a total of 240 sessions. Participants at the end of their internship submitted their perceptions on an anonymous validated questionnaire which contains both open ended and closed ended questions (Likert 5-point scale). Statistical Analysis: The descriptive data having frequencies were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data of open ended questions. Results: Most of interns (36/90%) and all included faculty members had shown that mini-CEX assessment tool has encouraged them and helpful in improving their communication skills. On comparison of their first through 6th encounters, interns had shown improvement in their mean min-CEX score for skill development and competencies with improvement in communication skills. This improvement was statistically significant. (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study had shown that mini-CEX as WBPA too is an acceptable, effective as well as feasible method for assessing the interpersonal skills of interns in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Romania joined the Allied Powers (23 August 1944), the fate of American and British prisoners became uncertain, as they were in danger of either being captured by German troops or falling into the hands of the Red Army. As the archive documents show, at that time, there were 1,262 prisoners (1,123 American and 39 British) in Romania, interned in camp no. 13 Bucharest (Pedagogical School on "Sfânta Ecaterina" Street and "Regina Elisabeta" Military Hospital) and camp no. 14 Timișu de Jos. In the rescue operation, with the support of the Romanian authorities, Lieutenant Colonel James Gunn was transported by a plane, piloted by Captain Constantin Bâzu Cantacuzino, in Bari, Italy, where the 15th Air Force Command was located. All American and British prisoners in Romania were transported to Italy during Operation Reunion, organised by the 15th Air Force, on 31 August, 1 September, and 3 September 1944. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of globalization, the international community has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of low-skilled workers migrating from developing countries to industrial countries. However, there remain competing approaches to the governance of lowskilled labor migration; that is, the economic theory and the rights-based approach. By utilizing the labor migration between Vietnam and Japan under the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP), this article reveals the limitations of these two approaches in governing the migration of low-skilled workers. Moreover, through examining the Memorandum of Cooperation on the Technical Intern Training Program signed by the Vietnamese and Japanese governments in 2017 and its contribution to the TITP, this article suggests that to regulate labor migration properly, it is essential to uphold the rights-based approach and consider labor migration as a transnational issue that should be addressed at the international level; that is, through the bilateral or multilateral instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Informed consent is a continuous process of communication with the patient and not merely the signing of a form. The Irish Medical Council's Guide to Good Practice and Ethics state that no part of the consent process should be delegated to an intern unless the procedure is a minor with which the intern is very familiar and all relevant information has first been explained to the intern. Aims: We aimed to evaluate whether practices regarding interns and consent had changed in the past five years. Methods: An anonymous Google Forms survey was distributed to interns from all intern networks between 24-August and 26-November 2021. Results: Of 854 interns, there were 147(17.2%) survey responses. 129(87.8%) participants had consented for a procedure. 111(86%) responded that they had consented for procedures that they had not witnessed before. 92(71.3%) reported that their medical supervisor did not explain procedures to them prior to obtaining consent. 128(99.2%) of interns were not usually observed by a more senior doctor when obtaining consent. 116(89.9%) were expected to obtain consent from patients on a regular basis, with 78(60.5%) feeling pressured into doing so on at least one occasion. Results were largely unchanged compared to when the same survey was circulated in 2016. Conclusions: Interns remain routinely involved in the consent process without adequate training or supervision. This is unfair on our most junior doctors and on patients. Steps must be taken to ensure the IMC guidance is adhered to and this deficiency must be highlighted to Senior Clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The required field internship in social work education is its signature pedagogy and is described by students as the most meaningful part of their education. Interns often experience anxiety and self-doubt however and look to field instructors for guidance. Currently there are few frameworks or evidence-based models that are used in field instruction and in social work supervision. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a communication method that has been extensively studied in settings such as substance use, mental health, and other health care concerns, to guide clients toward healthier behaviors. We propose that MI can also be used in field instruction, as it can model effective interactions, is an evidence-based practice, and helps to create a supportive setting for student interns to manage their anxiety. The Four Processes of MI—Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, and Planning—provide a framework for field instructors who want to have a guiding conversation with interns toward a particular change goal. We propose a Fifth Process: a Meta Conversation or a conversation about the supervision conversation. Its goal is to help interns self-reflect and apply the modeled skills. A description of MI in field instruction is presented along with a sample FI vignette, supervision conversation, and Meta Conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]