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This document is a reply to a letter to the editor regarding a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association between deprescribing and reduced hospital readmission rates. The authors address concerns raised in the letter and provide additional details on their methodology and calculations. The updated meta-analysis confirms that deprescribing interventions are associated with a 15% reduced hazard of readmission at 1-3 months compared to the control group. The analysis also shows a trend towards a reduced hazard over longer follow-up periods. The given text appears to be a table or chart that presents data on various studies related to a specific topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the studies and their findings. The given text is a letter to the editor discussing the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of medication review and deprescribing interventions in older inpatients. The authors found that these interventions were not associated with a reduced mortality rate but had a protective effect on rehospitalization, especially during the first three months after hospital discharge. The authors acknowledge their funding sources and declare no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

Interactive digital platforms have transformed mathematics education by offering students novel opportunities for collaborative engagement with peers and instructors in constructing knowledge. Drawing on the premise that meaningful interpersonal interactions are pivotal to effective learning within discussion boards, this study focuses on the nature of interactions within an online mathematics discussion board. We collected a dataset encompassing 170,000 posts from 14,000 online mathematics discussion threads, involving 4,649 high school students in Florida. Leveraging topic modeling and social network analysis, this study delves into both the content-driven and social exchanges among participants, analyzing their language exchanges and social dynamics on the discussion board. Specifically, we investigated how the mathematics discussion board fosters quality support and participation by enhancing content-specific discussions (cognitive presence) through social interaction (social presence), which are actively supported by peer students acting as facilitators (instructional presence), we evaluated how the discussion board fosters quality support and participation by enhancing content-specific discussions (cognitive presence) through social interaction (social presence), which are actively supported by peer students acting as facilitators (instructional presence). We also aimed to investigate the characteristics of students who were actively engaging in providing support for their peers. The content-focused analysis, using a topic modeling approach, highlighted comparable proportions between content-focused discourse (52%) and social interaction (47%) within the discussion boards. Notably, high-performing students emerged as important instructional facilitators, actively fostering knowledge sharing and supporting their peers. Specifically, the outcomes reveal a trend: students exhibiting high end-of-course performance tend to assume proactive roles in peer facilitation, whereas those with lower performance levels participate less in peer-driven support. Our findings provide empirical insights into how the dynamics of the discussion board can be investigated by integrating multi-methods approaches in natural language processing and social network analysis to understand the different facets of the support structure in discussion boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of mobile devices for web browsing has increased extraordinarily in recent years, becoming the main source of information. Unfortunately, developers cannot meet the needs of all users. As a result, users have been forced to adapt web content to their needs. Additionally, users face more costly interactions than on desktop computers due to the smaller screen size of cell phones. These interactions include URL typing, scrolling, taping, branching and tab-switching. If the number of web resources is large, the activity becomes unpleasant. Furthermore, should the quantity of interactions be extensive, the web experience also becomes unpleasant. Moreover, all these interactions lead to higher costs in terms of phone time and battery life, as well as more costly navigation. Web augmentation enhances the user web experience by adding content from different resources, modifying the original layout, or reducing interactions during web searches, among other benefits. To reduce user interactions and satisfy their information necessities, we propose MAWA, an extension for Firefox mobile that allows users to adapt any web page to their needs through web augmentation techniques. To validate our proposal, an evaluation of the tool has been carried out. The article presents the benefits introduced by MAWA as a response to the inconveniences experienced by users when performing their activities in the mobile browser. The results obtained show that MAWA is able to reduce the number of interactions significantly, as well as to reduce battery consumption and the time needed to obtain the desired information. In addition, users perceive that navigation is less cluttered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analysed the main aspects of the communication of local beekeepers on their websites, to identify the most popular elements and to check whether companies communicate differently. A Web Content Analysis of all textual material on Piedmontese beekeeping websites was carried out, taking into consideration all variables such as domain authority, monthly organic traffic, backlinks and the presence (or absence) of the company on social media. The main findings highlighted a low differentiation between communication strategies related to honey organoleptic and sensorial characteristics. Claims concerning the Gastronomic pairings, Quality and certification, Links to territory and Organic honey categories were the most widespread current on beekeeping websites, while there was slight information related to health aspects and ethical/social sustainability. This research has identified a trend in the communication strategies of beekeeping companies that deviates from classic agribusiness strategies in terms of innovation, value creation and product and brand differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Materials and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusion Fertility preservation and subsequent third‐party reproduction represents a principal pathway by which gay and bisexual cisgender men may have biologically related children. Previous studies of a similar design have commented on the availability of fertility services for sexually and gender diverse communities, but none have investigated access to the aforementioned services for this specific population.To assess the availability of fertility preservation and third‐party reproduction services for gay and bisexual cisgender men across US fertility clinics and sperm banks.A content analysis was performed on a sample of fertility clinic and sperm bank websites compiled from three online sources. Sample construction and analysis were completed in 2023. Each website was systematically examined by two separate coders with a third coder deciding any discrepancies. Website coding followed a pre‐constructed standardized questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify statistically significant differences.A total of 675 clinic and sperm bank websites (136 academic and 539 private) were analyzed. Five hundred and two (74.4%) offered third‐party reproduction and 326 (48.3%) offered fertility preservation for gay and bisexual cisgender men. Furthermore, 248 websites (36.7%) featured some form of disqualifying language either directly communicating or implying exclusion of gay and bisexual cisgender men from these services. Private facilities were more likely to offer third‐party reproduction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88, p < 0.01) but less likely to offer fertility preservation (OR = 0.68, p < 0.05) compared with academic affiliated facilities. Lastly, states in the highest Human Rights Campaign Equality Index tier were significantly more likely to offer third‐party reproduction (OR = 2.50, p < 0.01) than the lowest tier.These findings demonstrate great variability in access to fertility preservation and third‐party reproduction services. Geography and ambiguity in facility‐specific policies represent persistent barriers to family building for gay and bisexual cisgender men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper reports the findings of a pilot project, Open Resources for English Language Teaching (ORELT), that aimed to introduce open resources for teaching English in Kenyan junior secondary schools alongside the traditional textbooks that until now have been the only teaching resources available to teachers and learners. The ORELT materials, which consisted of open content in the form of DVDs, books, and online content were developed by the Commonwealth of Learning (CoL), Canada, for use throughout the Commonwealth of Nations. Before the rollout of these materials, English teachers from selected schools were enlisted for an in-service workshop where they were trained on the materials and the concept of open resources, and were given a hands-on familiarisation with the resources. Two ORELT workshops were conducted for four days each between 18–21 March 2013, and 6–9 May 2013 at the Kenyatta University Conference Centre (KUCC). Participants of the first workshop were drawn from secondary schools within the urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi. Participants for the second workshop were drawn from rural schools. This article views the introduction of these open resources in Kenyan schools as an educational innovation and investigates the effects of such an innovation on teachers’ pedagogical practice. The study found that this innovation had a generally positive impact on the teachers’ pedagogical practice in terms of their pedagogical content knowledge and skills, teaching methodology, and professional growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical graduates applying to Residency through the Canadian Resident Matching System (CaRMS) utilize the internet to gather information on programs and their overarching Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME) Office. This study aims to evaluate how PGME websites across Canada convey their commitment to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) through their website features. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 17 Canadian PGME websites against 20 EDI criteria based on contemporary literature, across five domains: leadership and governance, recruitment, accommodations, community engagement, and pathways to entry. Non-parametric testing was conducted to explore the relationship between EDI performance and municipal population diversity and geographic region. Results: The evaluation of PGME websites, policies, reports, and plans revealed a mean score of 8.65/20 (SD = 3.00), with scores ranging from a minimum of 4/20 to a maximum of 13/20, indicating variability in EDI representation. Specifically, the domain of leadership and governance demonstrated the highest mean proportion of completed criteria (51%), while community engagement had the lowest (24%). Notably, 9 out of 17 PGME websites (53%) met at least 10 EDI criteria. Analysis by geographic region demonstrates significant mean differences (p = 0.02), with Ontario (10.50, SD = 2.17) and Western Provinces (11.00, SD = 0.00) scoring notably higher than Quebec (4.50, SD = 0.58), the Prairies (8.50, SD = 2.12), and the Atlantic region (8.00, SD = 2.83). Conclusions: The assessment of Canadian PGME websites reveals varying levels of commitment to EDI. While many programs exhibit strong EDI representation in mission statements, access to mental health services, and anti-discrimination policies, there are notable gaps in leadership messaging, diverse interview panels, family-friendly policies, and deliberate recruitment of underrepresented groups. Regional differences highlight the need for sharing best practices to promote inclusivity across the country. Improving EDI efforts on PGME websites can promote the recruitment and retention of a diverse resident population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the European Union (EU) strategies to combat Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated misinformation in the 2024 election year. Topics discussed include recent examples of AI-driven disinformation in global elections, the EU's legal framework for managing deep fakes, and the role of public awareness initiatives in preserving electoral integrity.

The water content is an essential parameter for assessing the quality of solid biofuels. In terms of economic, technical and environmental aspects a continuous determination of the solid fuel water content is sought. This article investigates the use of microwave technology for the continuous measurement of fuel water content. For this purpose, a microwave sensor was evaluated with five different types of wood chips (forest residues, beech, pine, and ash). The results of the online measurements showed a strong correlation with the reference method r < 0.9 for most materials. This means that continuous water content determination of wood fuels using microwave technology is fundamentally possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the content, including mention of benefits and harms of testing and treatment, and funding of disease awareness campaign websites recognized by major noncommercial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fractures of the distal radius are among the most common bone injuries, and their frequency is constantly increasing, leading to an elevated need for subsequent rehabilitation. This growing need has led to the emergence of online content aimed at providing guidance on rehabilitation. Nonetheless, unreviewed online content raises concerns about its reliability; therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality, reliability, and comprehensiveness of online videos concerning rehabilitation following a distal radius fracture. Methods: A total of 240 YouTube videos were screened, identifying 33 videos that met the inclusion criteria. These selected videos were evaluated by five independent experts from various professional groups, using the Global Quality Scale, the DISCERN reliability tool, and the JAMA Benchmark Score, as well as a structured set of questions to assess their comprehensiveness and coverage of pertinent aspects. Results: The observers' assessment of the Global Quality Scale exhibited a broad spectrum of viewpoints, indicating considerable variability in evaluations. In most cases, therapy aligned well with the diagnosed condition, and most raters deemed the indication and instruction in the videos acceptable. A proportion of 87% of the videos was deemed suitable for home training by at least three raters. However, a concerning trend emerged, as potential risks and pitfalls were scarcely addressed. Conclusions: The moderate overall quality of the videos and the divergence in expert opinions highlight the need for a regulatory authority to ensure adherence to guidelines and maintain high-quality content. Additionally, our results raise concerns about the applicability of established assessment tools in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Melanoma is the 5th commonest cancer in the UK and survivors require frequent and thorough skin checks. During the Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) trial, melanoma survivors used an app to submit images of concerning lesions for assessment by a dermatology nurse. In the past, online courses have been used to train non-specialist primary care practitioners (PCPs) in this skill. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether an online course could increase knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards skin image triage in PCPs in the Grampian area. Methods: Preliminary discussions were held with PCPs to determine the need for an online course. The course was designed at the University of Aberdeen and included an introduction to the skin, case studies and quizzes on a variety of skin conditions based on melanoma survivors' submissions via the ASICA app. Two pre- and post-course questionnaires were administered to all participants to (1) assess knowledge gained and (2) assess any improvements in confidence and attitudes towards triaging skin lesions that could be indicative of skin cancer. All PCPs in the Grampian area were invited to participate with almost 70 medical practices contacted. Results were analysed using a paired sample T-test. Results: The course was advertised to all GP practices in the Grampian area and 38 PCPs completed all its stages. Undertaking the course improved all PCPs' confidence and attitudes towards triaging (p < 0.001). It also improved knowledge in all non-GP PCPs (p = 0.01). Most participants found the course useful; thought it was at the right level of difficulty, right format and thought the design was good. Conclusions: Our online course in triaging skin lesions submitted digitally to PCPs was able to improve knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards triaging. The course was acceptable in its design and was deemed useful and applicable to practice. Further research should investigate the effect the course has on secondary care referral numbers. Significance: What is already known about this topic?: Skin problems can make up to 15% of Primary Care appointments and patients with benign or low risk skin problems are often inappropriately referred to specialists causing delay in secondary care. Based on the findings of the ASICA trial it was suggested that low risk concerns can be effectively triaged by non-specialist primary care practitioners (PCPs). Previous studies showed that online courses can improve knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards triaging images of skin lesions. What does this study add?: The content of this online course was designed based on the most commonly submitted lesions in the ASICA trial and allowed PCPs (including GPs, GP trainees, ANPs, practice nurses and physician associates) to complete it in their own time. The study showed that completing the online course increased PCP confidence and attitudes towards triaging skin lesions, regardless of their prior knowledge and experience. The course also increased knowledge of all non-GP PCPs as well as PCPs with up to 2 years in their current post. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast growth of the web generates a significant amount of heterogeneous information such as images, text, audio, and video through various applications. These applications use different layouts to represent significant information. The layouts of table information are overloaded with anomalies that have given rise to intensive research into the semantification of web content and organizing tabular data for knowledge sharing and acquisition. Moreover, there are many anomalies present in tabular layouts that lead to the lack of semantic representation in tabular form and new challenges in data modeling. In this paper, we have discussed the various anomalies present in the tabular data that pertain to ontology learning and population tasks and provide the semantification of tabular data. To complete this task, (1) we provide the list of anomalies that pertain to semantification and provide the resolution to anomalies along with the semantification of tabular data, and (2) we have established the algorithm to interpret the table structure into a formal representation to analyze anomalies and provide the resolution. Furthermore, the proposed approach has been compared with existing approaches using ontology elements, the ability to resolve the anomalies, and the time complexity of the ontology population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research often suggests that online support groups validate their members’ experiences, but feminists and sociologists have argued that they may also embrace individualistic or biomedical perspectives. Interviews with women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), associated with weight gain, highlighted that reading other women’s painful experiences in a Facebook support group helped them to accept their bodies, but that the group was replete with unwanted weight loss advice. Making sense of these contradictions this article makes three contributions. First, the findings illustrate that the way in which online support groups validate their members’ experiences may be more subterfuge and contradictory than previously thought. Second, the observations contribute to feminist research on online body positivity, as the women articulated an ambiguous desire to let themselves be rather than sought to become either traditionally thin and beautiful or in a popular feminist spirit confidently big and beautiful. Following from this observation, the article draws on and contributes to feminist media studies discussions on post- and popular feminism, suggesting that the women articulated a barely articulable emerging structure of feeling of yearning to let go of self-transformation, which pervades official health advice, support groups and much feminist content online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature has long recognised non‐democratic regimes that are increasingly using Internet manipulation to undermine the opposition. Apart from network control, content surveillance and paying for Internet commentators, the implications of the new trend of online counter‐mobilisation remain to be explored. By analysing 5124 YouTube videos of Hong Kong's Anti‐extradition Bill Protests, this study examines how pro‐regime opinion leaders counter‐mobilised pro‐regime contents and Internet users responded to their videos. The results indicate that the main concern of the pro‐regime opinion leaders was to (i) demobilise the protests, (ii) condemn opposition figures and (iii) show their support for the authorities. Users were mainly participative in videos related to (i) justify suppression, (ii) support for front‐line police officers against protesters and (iii) criticism of the opposition. These differences reflect the apparent asymmetry between opinion leaders, who provide more negative contents, and followers, who have better responses to positively framed contents. The findings further contribute to exploring the strategies of the pro‐regime counter‐framing to overcome the challenges of the opposition camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalistic activity in Kazakhstan is a complex system that occupies an important place in the development and promotion of a national modernized model of public consciousness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the development of the communicative model of the periodical press of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used to achieve the objectives: systematization, survey, and comparative. The results of the study determined that journalistic activity manifests itself in both professional and civil contexts, while outlining the saturation of content on the Internet. The survey of correspondents and journalists determined that the most influential topic that forms the public consciousness of Kazakhs is politics. Due to the active promotion of innovative technologies and the Internet, the media market is overflowing with various information, including fake, which negatively affects the consciousness of society. In order to effectively create a national model of society, representatives of the mass media must adhere to the principles of ethics, and actively promote the fight against fake information together with government agencies and society. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the study by academics and specialists in journalism and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various blocking and filtering algorithms for protection against harmful contents on the Internet. However, it is impossible to classify particularly the visual contents according to their genres and block them through traditional methods. In order to block the harmful visual contents, such as various advertisements and social media posts, we need to review and classify them as per their contents. Deep learning method is today’s most efficient method to review the visual contents. In this study, only the harmful images were blocked without completely blocking the entire website. Alcoholic drinks were selected as the harmful content data set. For this purpose, a training was provided with 4.6 million images by using CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) and GoogLeNet architecture. At the end of this training, 97.6469% of accuracy was achieved. F1 score was calculated as 87.75526188% at the end of the test conducted with 154501 images. The images were determined through the network traffic via mitmproxy and classified as harmful or harmless thanks to the trained model, and the filtering process was successfully completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superpixel usually serves as a region-level feature in various image processing tasks, and is known for segmentation accuracy, spatial compactness and running efficiency. However, since these properties are intrinsically incompatible, there is still a compromise within the overall performance of existing superpixel algorithms. In this work, the property constraint in superpixels is relaxed by in-depth understanding of the image content, and a novel two-stage superpixel generation framework is proposed to produce content-aware superpixels. In the global processing stage, a diffusion-based online average clustering framework is introduced to efficiently aggregate image pixels into multiple superpixel candidates according to color and spatial information. During this process, a centroid relocation strategy is established to dynamically guide the region updating. According to the area feature in manifold space, several superpixel centroids are then split or merged to optimize the regional representation of image content. Subsequently, local updating is adopted on pixels in those superpixel regions to further improve the performance. As a result, the dynamic centroid relocating strategy offers online averaging clustering the property of content awareness through coarse-to-fine label updating. Extensive experiments verify that the produced superpixels achieve desirable and comprehensive performance on boundary adherence, visual satisfactory and time consumption. The quantitative results are on par with existing state-of-the-art algorithms in terms with several common property metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This project contributes a rhetorical approach to search engine optimization (SEO) as algorithmic audience analysis. It positions SEO as an activity that requires strategists to compose website content that is optimized to both human search engine users and the algorithmic audience (Gallagher, 2017) of a search engine's indexed content. Method: Actor-Network Theory (Latour, 2005), with its focus on the agency of non-human entities combined with human agency in social activity, provides the theoretical framework for this approach. The project combines usability testing with web development methods to trace rhetorical agency during online search activities (Hocutt, 2019). Doing so demonstrates the role search algorithms play as receptive audiences of SEO strategies. Results: Approaches to teaching SEO within the framework of technical and professional communication (TPC) rhetorical foundations require understanding the algorithmic audiences of SEO practices. By matching timestamp data from videorecorded usability tests and HTTP archive (HAR) files produced during usability testing sessions, content strategists can overlay the chronological recordings with their SEO strategies to better understand how successfully SEO met human and algorithmic audience expectations. When SEO practice identifies human audience expectations effectively and develops content signals attractive to its technological audiences, both audiences succeed in an assembled meaning-making exercise. By applying existing methods of audience analysis to search algorithms, content strategists can improve SEO and help surface relevant content for their human users. Conclusion: The results of this project provide a framework for practicing SEO as rhetorical activity built upon audience analysis of both human and non-human users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: I investigated best practices for teaching content auditing within two graduate classes tasked with content auditing websites. I observed their strategies for developing auditing criteria. The graduate students used the audits to implement website redesign. Two research questions guided this study: 1) How do students create assessment criteria for website content audits? 2)What additional support could help students better determine assessment or rubric criteria to make them specific, and most of all, easily measurable? I focused on how and why students made auditing decisions. Method: I taught two graduate classes in which the students worked with real clients and live websites. Part of the process the students learned and used was content auditing. I used case study, interviews, and text analysis to empirically investigate student auditing. Nine participants shared their perspectives, including students and clients. Results: Simple categories with binary criteria made auditing easier; simple categories also made for simpler assessment. Students asked to see more examples of audits. Students in Class 1 misunderstood the audience, which led to a ripple effect on the resulting web design. Students from both classes were nonetheless able to make incremental improvements to both client websites. Conclusion: Additional training in listening to clients is needed with graduate students who do content auditing of websites. Discussion of the impact of web content evaluation may be needed to help students discover how to tailor auditing guidelines to their specific clients. Practitioners may need recursive auditing to fully define criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the rhetoric and reality of EU digital sovereignty by looking at content control. The control of online content is central to sovereignty because it relates to fundamental freedoms and democratic competition. Our main data source is the unique International Organizations in Global Internet Governance (IO-GIG) dataset which contains internet policy output documents across international institutions and issue areas between 1995 and 2021. By assessing policy output, we show structural trends in content control output in volume, bindingness, and orientation. By analysing policy discourse, we show the evolution of frames on content control over time. We find evidence for a comprehensive but still ongoing trend towards digital sovereignty in policy output and a shift from prioritising free access to the public order in discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Young drivers frequently exposed to online content on illegal driving behaviours. • Online content on illegal driving behaviours commonly seen on Snapchat. • Middle-aged and older drivers rarely exposed to online content on illegal driving. • Young drivers most likely to 'call out' online content they do not agree with. • Online content on illegal driving may have the potential to encourage behaviour. A substantial amount of online content on illegal driving behaviours is shared on social media platforms. Yet, the influence of online content on behaviours remains unclear. Accordingly, this qualitative study explored perspectives across different age groups on a) the nature and extent of social media content that encourages illegal driving behaviours and b) whether such content influences engagement in these behaviours. Sixty-six licenced drivers within Queensland, Australia, participated in a focus group. The sessions were conducted with three different age groups: younger drivers (17–25 years), middle-aged drivers (26–49 years), and older drivers (50 + years). Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, resulting in three recognised themes: 1) exposure to online illegal driving behaviours on social media, 2) the influence of online illegal driving content on behaviour, and 3) drivers' engagement with online content that encourages illegal driving behaviours. A key finding was that young drivers are frequently exposed to online content encouraging illegal driving behaviours, whereas middle-aged and older drivers are rarely exposed to this content. Opinions surrounding the influence of online content on illegal driving behaviours was varied, yet across ages it was believed that young drivers may be most susceptible to this content. The findings from this study provide support for the potential link between social media exposure and illegal driving behaviours. Implications for future research are discussed, with an emphasis on longitudinal research to examine the impact of social media content on changes in behaviour, specifically for younger drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the virtual format of fellowship applications, prospective physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) sports medicine fellowship applicants commonly rely upon fellowship website content to make decisions about applications. Studies have shown that information available to fellowship applicants on program websites is inadequate, and there is no standard for important components of sports medicine fellowship websites. Objective: To determine what sports medicine fellowship program features PM&R residents, fellows, and attending physicians consider the most important to be listed on fellowship websites, as well as to assess the scope of information available on fellowship websites. Design: We developed a 30‐item list of criteria that fell into categories of general information, fellowship education, recruitment, experience, and academic research. Survey participants were asked to rank the importance of those various items. We then assessed the 21 PM&R accredited sports medicine fellowship websites for the presence of these criteria. Participants: Ninety‐six survey respondents composed of PM&R residents, current sports medicine fellows, and attendings. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s): Not applicable. Results: Items ranked as most important were those in the categories of general information, fellowship experience, and fellowship recruitment. The most valued items were program location, program coordinator contact information, program length, specific requirements for applying, number of positions, types of procedures taught, and specific sites covered. Academic research items were ranked as least important. Conclusions: Survey respondents identified many fellowship website items as important factors when applying to programs. Many of these items were not listed on fellowship websites, suggesting that adding these criteria to fellowship sites might benefit applicants. Our findings can be used to develop standardized criteria for important components of sports medicine fellowship websites to improve the application and recruitment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The variations in interproximal contact areas have been categorised open (O), point (X), straight (I), and curved contact (S). This is based on their shapes and termed as OXIS classification. The interactive OXIS calibration website was developed to assist researchers seeking appropriate knowledge, minimise the overload of material, optimise efficiency in calibration and, to provide repositories for clinicians, healthcare workers, and policymakers. Methods: The website was developed in two phases. The first phase of development included expert group discussion, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the implementation of FGD recommendations. The second phase emphasised registration and development of the interactive web portal on OXIS classification. The developed website was subjected to user experience testing, functional testing, performance testing, security testing, device, platform testing, and then hosted. Calibrated students and faculties evaluated it with the help of Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and System Usability Scale (SUS). Finally, after amendments, the website was evaluated by non-calibrated researchers and multidisciplinary experts. Results: The total agreement was 74% for overall SAM category. Pooled mean total score of SUS was 52.7 (SD 7.17; range 45–67.5), indicating an average score. Conclusion: The content of the developed website has been evaluated as "satisfactory" and its technical quality as "of higher standards". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual content influences profoundly user interactions and search engine rankings. Traditional SEO techniques, while foundational, often fall short in the swiftly changing search landscape. This paper presents a cutting-edge solution that leverages the power of deep learning and generative AI to redefine image SEO. Through the innovative integration of the AWS Rekognition's image analysis and ChatGPT's advanced natural language processing, we automate and refine the creation of alt-texts, ensuring they are not only precise, but also SEO-enriched. The result is a harmonious blend of technology and strategy that significantly boosts online content discoverability. Using a specific website as a test environment, the proposed methodology demonstrated a profound impact on SEO performance. Initially, no images on the webpage had alt-texts. After applying the AI-driven approach, all images were equipped with descriptive, SEO-optimized alt attributes, markedly improving their visibility in search engine results. These results underscore the effectiveness of integrating advanced AI technologies in SEO strategies, providing a scalable and effective framework for enhancing digital content accessibility and search engine rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dealing with many of the problems related to the quality of textual content online involves identifying similar content. Algorithmic solutions for duplicate content classification typically rely on text vector representation, which maps textual information into a set of features. Ideally, this representation would capture all aspects of the underlying text, including length, word frequencies, syntax, and semantics. While recent advancements in text representation have led to improved performance, a comprehensive approach that explicitly incorporates all text features has not yet been proposed. In this study, we present the INCEPT framework that utilizes multiple representation methods to detect duplicate text pairs, taking advantage of their individual strengths. The core of our approach involves using a stacking ensemble of pairwise vector distance measurements that are computed from multiple text representation methods. A stacking classifier then utilizes these distance scores as input and learns to identify duplicate posts. We assess the proposed framework's effectiveness in identifying duplicate posts in an online Question and Answer platform. By combining several text representation methods, INCEPT performs well in the duplicate posts classification task. Our experiments demonstrate that specific framework configurations outperform the accuracy scores obtained from individual text representation methods. Therefore, we also infer that no single text representation method can independently capture a text's features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the challenges and negative consequences that can occur when implementing changes in project management. It stresses the significance of addressing these challenges rather than solely focusing on the benefits of new methodologies. The article provides examples of issues such as poor collaboration skills, reluctance to share knowledge, power struggles, resistance to standardized reporting, and unrealistic project requirements. It emphasizes the importance of proper training, communication, and flexibility in project management practices. The text also discusses the potential pitfalls of implementing project management changes within an organization, highlighting the need to address hidden agendas and offering solutions for resolving conflicts that may arise during the implementation process. The authors emphasize the importance of a balanced approach to change, considering the corporate culture and the mindset and skillset shifts required for successful implementation. The article also provides references to additional resources on project management. [Extracted from the article]

Over the last decade, several professionalising amateur Australian content creators making popular web series distributed on multiple open platforms broke into the television industry and have since developed promising professional careers. The limited scholarly research into the career trajectories and sustainability of web series creators has typically been conducted as normative critique of the value of web series labour. In contrast, we look processually and empirically at the career trajectories of 26 creators following their first publicly funded web series between 2011 and 2020. The creators' pathways are varied, but web series facilitated a pathway to career sustainability for roughly three quarters of the cohort. Web series functioned as (1) a calling card for native online creators, (2) a format facilitating career consolidation or acceleration for television professionals and (3) a format enabling career diversification for filmmakers. Overall, they can be a market-tested talent training ground for television, especially broadcaster-video-on-demand or subscription-video-on-demand services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dark Web is a subset of the Deep Web, requiring special browsers, the Dark Net refers to encrypted networks, the Deep Web encompasses non-indexed online content, and darknet includes unused IP address networks. The Dark Net has become a hotbed of cybercrime, with individuals and groups using the anonymity and encryption provided by the network to carry out a range of criminal activities. One of the most concerning trends in recent years has been the weaponization of cybercrimes, as criminals use their technical skills to create tools and techniques that can be used to launch attacks against individuals, businesses, and governments. This paper examines the weaponization of cybercrimes on the Dark Net, focusing on the question of detection and application. This paper uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to appraise the Dark Web, examine the crimes and their consequences and identify future measures to reduce crime threats. Data from 88 relevant articles from 2011 to 2023 were extracted and synthesized, along with the latest data from 2024 to answer research questions, providing comprehensive knowledge on growing crimes; assessing social, economic, and ethical impacts; and analyzing established techniques and methods to locate and apprehend criminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has led cities worldwide to implement lockdowns and stay‐at‐home orders, which has caused a sudden cessation of revenue generation from ticket sales at animal conservation institutions. Accordingly, the cost of feeding and caring for the animals remains unsustainable, and the threat of another outbreak and lockdowns lingers. To this end, the present study investigates the effectiveness of internet media for the sustainable development of animal conservation institutions (e.g., zoos) in the post‐pandemic era. A total of 321 actual visitors' responses were collected through an online survey, and PLS‐SEM was used for the data analysis. The stimulus‐organism‐response (S‐O‐R) theory was used as the framework to explore the effects of content characteristics and internet celebrities in animal conservation institutions on visitors' internal mechanisms and their behavioral responses. Stimulus factors were internet content characteristics and animal celebrities' attributes. Organism factors included visitors' internal mechanisms, such as the attitude toward the ecological environment, trust, and hedonic values. Critical behavioral responses of subscribing to the official channels, visiting the institutions, and making donations were considered. The findings confirm the influence of internet media (content attributes and celebrity attributes) as an antecedent to individual organisms, which in turn leads to spillover effects such as donations. Implications for academic research and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital landscape, content delivery networks (CDNs) play a pivotal role in ensuring rapid and seamless access to online content across the globe. By strategically deploying a network of edge servers in close proximity to users, CDNs optimize the delivery of digital content. One key mechanism involves caching frequently requested content at these edge servers, which not only alleviates the load on the source CDN server but also enhances the overall user experience. However, the exponential growth in user demands has led to increased network congestion, subsequently reducing the cache hit ratio within CDNs. To address this reduction, this paper presents an innovative approach for efficient cache replacement in a dynamic caching environment while maximizing the cache hit ratio via a cooperative cache replacement policy based on reinforcement learning. This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance the performance of CDNs through an advanced cache replacement policy based on reinforcement learning. The proposed system model depicts a mesh network of CDNs, with edge servers catering to user requests, and a main source CDN server. The cache replacement problem is initially modeled as a Markov decision process, and it is extended to a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem. We propose a cooperative cache replacement algorithm based on a multi-agent deep-Q network (MADQN), where the edge servers cooperatively learn to efficiently replace the cached content to maximize the cache hit ratio. Experimental results are presented to validate the performance of our proposed approach. Notably, our MADQN policy exhibits superior cache hit ratios and lower average delays compared to traditional caching policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and evolution of engineering biology, and its potential to address multiple global challenges is associated with the rise of biofoundries. These innovation intermediaries are facilities that employ advanced automation and computational analytics to accelerate engineering biology applications. Yet, for biofoundries to fully achieve their promise of generating applications that address grand societal challenges, they need to meet three key challenges: translation of research technology and its commercialization, attention to sustainability, and responsible innovation. Using web content analysis and interviews, this paper explores the functions and capabilities undertaken by existing public biofoundries, the extent to which they address these three challenges, and opportunities and models for enhancement. We also probe the roles undertaken by three other contrasting types of innovation intermediaries to identify practices and opportunities for integration and partnering with public biofoundries. We find that public biofoundries exhibit relatively strong capabilities for research translation, whereas efforts toward sustainability and responsibility are generally less prominent. For biofoundry enhancement, we propose an organisational model based on external partnering where public biofoundries are positioned as intermediaries within regional innovation systems. The framework put forward is reproducible and could be used in other contexts for assessing innovation intermediary organisational functions and capabilities toward meeting societal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid expansion of online content and big data has precipitated an urgent need for efficient summarization techniques to swiftly comprehend vast textual documents without compromising their original integrity. Current approaches in Extractive Text Summarization (ETS) leverage the modeling of inter-sentence relationships, a task of paramount importance in producing coherent summaries. This study introduces an innovative model that integrates Graph Attention Networks (GATs) with Transformer-based Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), further enhanced by Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) values, to improve sentence selection by capturing comprehensive topical information. Our approach constructs a graph with nodes representing sentences, words, and topics, thereby elevating the interconnectivity and enabling a more refined understanding of text structures. This model is stretched to Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) from Single-Document Summarization, offering significant improvements over existing models such as THGS-GMM and Topic-GraphSum, as demonstrated by empirical evaluations on benchmark news datasets like Cable News Network (CNN)/Daily Mail (DM) and Multi-News. The results consistently demonstrate superior performance, showcasing the model's robustness in handling complex summarization tasks across single and multi-document contexts. This research not only advances the integration of BERT and LDA within a GATs but also emphasizes our model's capacity to effectively manage global information and adapt to diverse summarization challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audiovisual productions currently dominate internet content, accounting for approximately 82% of online traffic in 2022. With the popularization of adaptive video streaming over the internet, transcoding has become an essential task to allow for bitrate adaptation and compatibility between servers and client devices that support various standards and formats. However, such conversion presents a high computational cost due to its cascade features, which sequentially runs the video decoding and re-encoding processes. This high cost exists especially due to the various encoding mode possibilities allowed in video codecs, mainly in recent, highly efficient standards and formats. On the other hand, the cascade transcoder model allows the possibility of inheriting information from the original bitstream, which can be used to accelerate the re-encoding process. This survey presents a systematic literature review of the main works published in the literature that propose transcoding acceleration methods for the main video coding standards and formats developed in the last decades. The majority of the works focus on both homogeneous and heterogeneous transcoding for the MPEG-2, H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, H.266/VVC, VP8, VP9, and AV1 formats and standards, and are based on heuristics and prediction models trained with machine learning algorithms. Based on the systematic literature review, a classification of the works according to the transcoding type and the methodology employed for acceleration is presented. The results obtained in each solution are compared in terms of complexity reduction and compression efficiency, and future trends on the field are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the increasing global internet penetration, understanding the impact of internet use on residents' health is crucial. This aids in formulating more effective health policies and provides empirical evidence for promoting health equity and improving overall public health. Drawing on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper employs the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences (PSM-DID) method to examine the impact of the internet on individual health and further explores the pathways through which the internet affects health. We introduce the research background and significance in the introduction. Then, in the theoretical analysis, it incorporates internet variables into the Becker health demand model to analyze changes in health demand and impact pathways. The empirical analysis tests the theoretical findings, leading to empirical results. Finally, the study discusses the results and provides relevant recommendations. The findings indicate significant positive effects of the internet on both physical and psychological health. These effects are realized through reducing health information asymmetry, lowering health costs, and increasing exposure to health-promoting environments. In the heterogeneity analysis, economic-related internet content shows a significant positive impact on resident health. Intensive internet use adversely affects psychological health. The beneficial effects of the internet on health are more pronounced among older individuals, those covered by medical insurance, and regions with higher levels of digital economy. Based on these findings, the study offers policy recommendations concerning individuals' internet use patterns, the digital evolution of the healthcare industry, and government infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in automatic speech recognition technology, increases in bandwidth availability, and the widespread use of video streaming and sharing platforms have opened new horizons for corpus phonetics. CoANZSE Audio, a searchable online version of the Corpus of Australian and New Zealand Spoken English, provides access to over 195 million words of transcribed speech from transcripts of videos uploaded to YouTube by councils and other local government entities in Australia and New Zealand. Audio and forced alignment files are also available, making the resource suitable for the investigation of a range of research questions pertaining to morphosyntax, phonetics, and discourse. The resource, which is freely available via login through CLARIN, Europe’s main language resources infrastructure network, was created through the use of open-source tools and software: yt-dlp, a Python library for collecting data from video and streaming websites; the Montreal Forced Aligner, a recent neural network alignment suite; and Parselmouth-Praat, Python bindings for the Praat acoustic analysis software. The website is powered by BlackLab, which combines a powerful search engine based on Apache Lucene with an intuitive web frontend. CoANZSE Audio may be useful for the investigation of regional differentiation of language features, and with additional annotation, differences in feature use according to social or demographic groups. Recent applications have included studies of double modals, a rare syntactic feature, and apology sequences. The nature of the audio and alignment data may make the resource especially suitable for the study of regional phonetic variation. Furthermore, the methods used to create the resource may be of interest to researchers seeking to adopt a pipeline approach for the creation of specialized corpora from publicly available online content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel approach to optimize resource allocation, aiming to boost the efficiency of content distribution in Internet of Things (IoT) edge cloud computing environments. The proposed method termed the Caching-based Deep Q-Network (CbDQN) framework, dynamically allocates computational and storage resources across edge devices and cloud servers. Despite its need for increased storage capacity, the high cost of edge computing, and the inherent limitations of wireless networks connecting edge devices, the CbDQN strategy addresses these challenges. By considering constraints such as limited bandwidth and potential latency issues, it ensures efficient data transfer without compromising performance. The method focuses on mitigating inefficient resource usage, particularly crucial in cloud-based edge computing environments where resource costs are usage-based. To overcome these issues, the CbDQN method efficiently distributes limited resources, optimizing efficiency, minimizing costs, and enhancing overall performance. The approach improves content delivery, reduces latency, and minimizes network congestion. The simulation results substantiate the efficacy of the suggested method in optimizing resource utilization and enhancing system performance, showcasing its potential to address challenges associated with content spreading in IoT edge cloud calculating situations. Our proposed approach evaluated metrics achieves high values of Accuracy is 99.85%, Precision at 99.85%, specificity is 99.82%, sensitivity is 99.82%, F-score is 99.82% and AUC is 99.82%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the number of Internet addicts in the world is constantly growing (the premise of which we consider the possibilities of Internet content that open up to a person in the virtual space), and the situation can turn into a public health problem. The purpose of the article is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of Internet addiction and, based on it, conduct an empirical study of Internet addiction of students, its connection with their personal traits and their satisfaction with life in difficult life situations: during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=88) and war (n=87). The research used the following methods: Internet Addiction Test (K. Young), CIAS, Chen-Internet-Addiction-Scale (S.-H. Cnen), Techniques for diagnosing predisposition to 13 types of addictions (G.V. Lozova), Test T. Leary, Questionnaire "Life Satisfaction Index" (B. Neugarten, R. Havighurst, Sh. Tobin), Oxford Happiness Inventory, OHI. Mathematical processing of research results was carried out using statisticalpackage SPSS 17.0. The analysis of approaches to the understanding of Internet addiction by scientists leads to the conclusion that it is a behavioral deviation that manifests itself in a person's excessive spending of time in the Internet space due to reluctance to return to real life; this is exactly information addiction. The main symptoms of Internet addiction: the tendency of an individual to choose being on the Internet before any other types of his activity; a change in his/her state of consciousness, a gradual increase in the time spent on the Internet, the lack of an objective assessment of the negative consequences of Internet addiction. As a result of the study, it was found that: Internet addiction can be combined with other types of addiction, Internet addicts are characterized by certain types of attitude towards others and a lack of feeling of satisfaction with life; Respondents who are less dependent on the Internet tend to positively evaluate themselves, be consistent in achieving their goals, fall into other addictions less often, and activate situationally necessary types of attitude towards others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Permanent education in health aims to ensure that professionals are constantly learning in the workplace and in the last few years institutions resorted to the technology-mediated education modality and new teaching possibilities were explored. In Brazil, between 2017 and 2021, only six articles and five monographs were published about listening effort. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a website with scientific content on the topic listening effort for Speech -Language Therapist and Audiologist with free online access. Methods The study was carried out in five stages: Analysis, contemplating the search for scientific materials to prepare the material. Design, in which the writing and design of the website was carried out. Development, carrying out the adequacy of the online material. Implementation, a stage in which professionals in the area evaluated the quality of the material after consenting to participation through a free and informed consent term. Review, stage in which the researcher analyzed the evaluators' responses. Results The five stages of elaboration of the website were carried out, which was evaluated by professionals in the area. The average of responses to all applied questions rated the website as "superior". Conclusion The website development was validated for online availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare ten Open Science Portals in India. The comparison is made using the three primary parameters of accessibility, search engine optimization (SEO) and performance. This study aims to investigate whether the ten selected web portals efficiently meet the web accessibility requirements of the large population at an acceptable rate. Design/methodology/approach: This study was performed by using the Siteimprove web tool to collect information about Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. The online accessibility tools provided by Siteimprove make it simple to comply with and follow the global WCAG at all compliance levels. This study selected ten web portals taking into account the open accessibility and the web portals offered by the Indian Government to promote research and innovation. Findings: The findings of this research will be beneficial for the government website designers, managers and administrators to assess their website's level of compliance with accepted accessibility standards so they can make tactical choices to increase accessibility. Originality/value: This study highlights the portals' robust characteristic features and downsides, where improvement may be required. It also focused on how these portals help in promoting citizen science and public understanding of science nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Municipalities, as the front lines of service delivery, use websites as one of the tools to communicate information to the public. While it is considered a record, many organisations, including municipalities, do not manage websites as such. This study aims to explore the archiving of websites as records in the municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province in South Africa by using the web archiving life cycle model. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a mixed-methods research with an explanatory design, with quantitative data collected first through content analysis of websites and qualitative data collected through interviews. Researchers used multilevel sampling, first quantitatively analysing all available websites of the municipalities (52) in KZN, and then qualitatively selecting only records managers, information managers, web administrators, communication managers and website managers or designers from municipalities because of their understanding and involvement with websites in some way. Findings: This study established that some records on municipal websites are often in paper format in record-keeping systems, whereas others are born digital and are not captured in the systems. Municipalities lack a dedicated web online harvesting tool as well as an archiving policy or strategy to guide website archiving. Furthermore, municipalities placed a high reliance on service providers to keep their websites operational. Research limitations/implications: It became clear during the interviews that most of the participants were unfamiliar with web archiving. As a result, only 12 of the 56 selected participants from the municipalities provided the required information in relation to the current study as others could not provide answers. Data for other participants were not analysed. Originality/value: Due to a lack of infrastructure for ingesting digital records into archival custody, a framework for harvesting web content of value is proposed both internally in municipalities and externally to an archive repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market size of the Internet audiovisual industry is expanding continuously, which has profoundly affected the ecology of public opinion and the development of the digital culture industry. During the epidemic of Covid-19, it is witnessed that a surge of active online audiovisual users. However, several issues happening in the Internet audiovisual industry, such as spreading rumors, engaging in vulgar performances, which seriously damaged the network environment and social order. For this reason, a tripartite evolutionary game model of Internet audiovisual space governance was established to simulate and analyze the behavior strategies of administrative departments of radio and television, the Internet audiovisual program service agencies, and network audio and video content creators. Moreover, the game model is verified by empirical analysis. Results demonstrate that: only driven by the administrative department of broadcasting and television can the tripartite evolutionary game of Internet audiovisual space governance reach the expected evolutionary equilibrium point. Therefore, administrative departments of radio and television should give full play to the driving role in the process of Internet audiovisual space governance, strengthen the publicity of regulating the creation of Internet audiovisual content and the warning of vulgar creation through government regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of social media in the field of nephrology, focusing on its benefits and challenges. It discusses how social media can be a valuable tool for sharing information, connecting users, and enhancing education. However, it also acknowledges the risks associated with social media, such as the lack of quality control and potential biases. The article provides tips for clinicians on how to use social media responsibly, emphasizing the importance of privacy, professional boundaries, and patient confidentiality. It concludes by highlighting the need for careful consideration and responsible use of social media in the field of nephrology. [Extracted from the article]

High school students need support learning to evaluate online information. Scholarship in the last several years has explored how to provide this support via lessons that explicitly teach evaluation strategies. In this study, we analyzed classroom conversations in two high school government classrooms during lessons that taught lateral reading, the strategy of leaving a website or post to investigate its source via external resources. Although lessons taught students to read laterally, they did not directly introduce factors that influence the credibility of a source, especially its expertise and trustworthiness. In the absence of such an introduction, we found that students frequently based their evaluations on a single facet of trustworthiness: a source's perspective. Further, students commonly determined a source's credibility not based on its expertise and trustworthiness but instead through factors like a website's contents, URL, or popularity. This study suggests that students need more support understanding what makes an online source credible and more practice examining the full range of elements that contribute to a source's credibility, from credentials and experience to conflicts of interest. Further, teachers need support that helps them plan for and provide this kind of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to explain the concept of sustainability value and to form a basis for research on sustainability values by compiling quantitative data regarding this concept and conducting bibliometric analysis. Within the scope of this purpose, firstly the concept of sustainability value is explained at macro and micro levels. Then, the analysis and findings of quantitative data from research on sustainability values are included. In the research, a search was made by selecting "all fields" with the keyword "sustainability value", based on the contents indexed in Web of Science. The search was carried out in 44 different disciplines between 1994 and 2023; 161 results were obtained, including 149 articles, 15 proceedings, 13 book chapters and book reviews, 15 proceedings and 1 editorial article. The obtained data were examined according to authors, citation numbers, country, institution distribution, keywords and the VOSviewer program was used in data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to increase pre-service science teachers' awareness of climate change through online argumentation activities. The study prepared pre-service training content based on online argumentation to increase climate change awareness. For the training, activities were prepared based on online argumentation for the sub-dimensions of climate change, which are content knowledge, awareness of the effects of climate change, awareness of personal initiatives, awareness of industrial initiatives, and tendencies towards preventing climate change. Expert opinions were taken about the activities and then they were finalized. Data was collected through an open-ended questionnaire applied as pre- and post-test. 32 pre-service science teachers from 22 different universities across Türkiye participated in the online training. The climate change awareness form was applied before and after the training. Data was analyzed using a content analysis approach. As a result of the study, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the pre-service teachers' content knowledge of climate change, and they provided more justifications in the sub-dimensions of climate change awareness after the training, and their awareness increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Disinformation has become a latent risk for online audiences, specifically for minors who are commonly exposed to a wide variety of online content at a time they are developing cognitively and emotionally. This paper aims to offer insight on minors' perception and the tools used by this age group to verify the content to which they are exposed while online. Design/methodology/approach: Twelve focus groups were held in Spain between April and June 2021 with a total of 62 participants aged 11–17. Besides age, sex and socioeconomic group were variables taken into consideration to select the participants. A script covering the intended questions was used to structure the discussion. Findings: Result analysis reveals that minors are excessively confident in their ability to identify false news and feel the need to share content with their online community as a means of participation in discussions or trending topics. Although WhatsApp family groups are seen as a source of misleading news, the study reveals that the family and traditional media (mainly television) act as sources of verification of fake news for minors. In general, minors opt for actions that require less initiative to contrast the content they consume on the internet. Originality/value: This study produces new findings by further deepening the results of the first quantitative study on the relationship between minors and disinformation in Spain using qualitative method from conducting virtual focus groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

URL stands for uniform resource locator are the addresses of the unique resources on the internet. We all need URLs to access any type of resource on the internet, such as any web page, and document. Sometimes URLs can be long, irrelative and unattractive and unable to send sometimes via email. So, for this, we proposed a URL shortener web application based on the Python-Django platform which is fast and makes your long URLs in the shortest form which you can share on social media platforms. It makes all the messy, unattractive URLs short and shareable. Writing paper proposed a premium section in our application that gives access to the customizable URLs and analytics of your shorten URLs. Customizable URLs are the URLs you create by your own keywords. By creating a premium profile with the application, you can create your own URLs by using your own keywords. We have considered security a major part of the application that prevents the short URLs from being hacked or redirected to any advertising website or content. We store all the data related to the URL to show you the best view of your analytics and update it regularly. Main contribution in this field that for web application that provides users with a fast, secure and shortest URL for their using long URLs. Comparatively to other services that are currently available, the application provides superior security, availability, and confidentiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]