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The decline in crop yields is attributed to uneven chemical fertilization practices and poor soil fertility. From a sustainability perspective, the application of beneficial microorganisms alongside a blend of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly influences crop productivity and food security. Concerns within the scientific community arise from the haphazard and negligent use of fertilizers. Farming communities predominantly reliant on chemical fertilizers often overlook the application of organic alternatives, leading to a gradual decline in soil organic matter and native nutrient levels, ultimately resulting in decreased crop yields. In diverse cropping systems, the amalgamation of chemical, biological, and organic sources sustains soil health, replenishes nutrients, and optimizes crop yields. Plant residues enhance soil microbial activity, expedite nutrient cycling and availability, and aid in preserving soil health through carbon sequestration. Regular utilization of plant residues and other organic materials enriches soil organic matter content, enhancing soil health and productivity. Integrating organic and chemical fertilizers presents a potential avenue to enhance maize and soybean yields in maize-wheat cropping systems, subsequently benefiting wheat crop productivity and profitability. The efficacy of specific soil nutrients can be heightened by combining organic sources with various chemical fertilization techniques. Hence, incorporating phosphorus fertilization alongside phosphorus-mobilizing and solubilizing agents (such as Trichoderma & PSB), along with the integrated management of peach waste materials including residues, compost, and biochar, is imperative for promoting crop growth, increasing seed yields, and fostering environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated biorefinery process of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the co-production of methane and hydrochar using elephant dung (ED) as substrate. With a leachate recirculation rate of 4 times/day, the SS-AD presented the highest cumulative methane yield of 83.2 ± 1.7 NmL/g volatile solid (VS)added and VS removal efficiency of 53.9 ± 0.3%. In subsequent HTC, the maximum higher heating value (HHV) of 10,078.5 ± 288.5 MJ/ton dry wt. was achieved for the digested ED without leachate recirculation under HTC temperature of 170 °C. In addition, the maximum mass and energy yields were 76.3 ± 0.8% and 84.1 ± 0.3%, respectively. The produced hydrochar had higher HHV compared to the raw digestate. Moreover, the HHV of the hydrochar was higher, and ash content was identical to conventional coal (lignite). An assessment of a full-scale elephant-sanctuary waste management scheme integrating SS-AD and HTC indicates that more than 10,078.5 ± 288.5 MJ of energy and 563.0 ± 5.2 kg dry weight of hydrochar could be recovered per ton dry weight of ED. The developed elephant dung management platform could enhance energy yield from ED while addressing environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced nuclear reactors offer various operational advantages over existing light water reactors but could produce types of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) with a wide variety of forms and characteristics depending on how many different concepts are deployed. Each advanced reactor SNF type potentially poses unique management challenges. New planning efforts will be necessary to anticipate how the management requirements of advanced reactor SNF will affect the deployment of an integrated waste management system. This paper applies a framework of high-level facility deployment milestones to a generic SNF management system, reviewing them together with the advanced reactor SNF characteristics and management requirements. This allows for the investigation of factors that influence facility and system deployment, and ultimately, the identification of challenges facing the deployment of different kinds of SNF management facilities. The back end of the once-through fuel cycle is examined for four advanced reactor system technology types: sodium-cooled fast reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, liquid-fuel molten salt reactors, and lead-cooled fast reactors. It is observed that milestones earlier in the facility deployment process (e.g., siting and facility design) are more impacted by the uniqueness of advanced reactor SNF characteristics than others (e.g., construction and testing). Ultimately, none of the differences are seen as fundamentally disqualifying in a technical sense; however, they should be considered early, potentially as part of reactor design, to avoid issues in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consent-based siting is an approach to siting facilities that prioritizes the participation and needs of people and communities and seeks their willing and informed consent to accept a project in their community. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is firmly committed to a consent-based approach to siting one or more spent nuclear fuel management facilities that enables meaningful and inclusive public participation, addresses community well-being and community needs, and centers equity and environmental justice as core values. At present, nuclear energy accounts for 19% of U.S. electricity production and half of the nation's carbon-free energy. Nuclear energy is key to achieving the Nation's goal of a 50% reduction in carbon emissions by the end of the decade, 100% clean electricity by 2035, and a net-zero emissions economy by 2050. Nuclear power will be key to achieving the Nation's goals, as the United States strives to reduce carbon emissions; ensure energy independence; and maintain leadership in nuclear technology, safety, and security. However, the use of nuclear energy also requires an effective, integrated system for safely managing, storing, and permanently disposing of spent nuclear fuel. Since the 1950s, approximately 90 000 metric tons of heavy metal (MTHM) of spent nuclear fuel has been generated from commercial nuclear power generation in the United States. This inventory grows by approximately 2000 MTHM every year. This commercial spent nuclear fuel is currently safely and securely stored at over 70 sites in more than 30 states where it is enclosed in either steel-lined concrete pools of water or steel and concrete containers known as dry storage casks. The United States also has an inventory of noncommercial spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, which makes up less than 5% of the total inventory. Management of the Nation's spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste is the responsibility of the DOE, under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended. This responsibility includes finding sites to store and eventually dispose of this material. Per Congressional direction, DOE's current activities are focused on establishing a federal interim storage capability for commercial spent nuclear fuel following a consent-based approach. However, a permanent disposal solution for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste will still be needed. DOE will apply lessons learned from consent-based siting for one or more interim storage facilities to future siting efforts for other elements of an integrated nuclear waste management system. An integrated waste management system will include consolidated interim storage capacity, a permanent disposal pathway, and the transportation infrastructure needed to move spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants to storage and disposal facilities. This paper describes DOE's current progress to identify one or more sites to develop a federal consolidated interim storage capability for commercial spent nuclear fuel using a consent-based siting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disposal of municipal solid waste is a significant environmental issue that has detrimental effects on both the environment and human life. The selection of landfill sites is critical and essential to implementing a comprehensive waste management strategy. This study optimizes the selection of landfill sites in Kuwait through the use of overlay analysis and Geographic Information System in conjunction with multi-criteria decision analysis. The study analysis takes into account human, physical economical, environmental, and governmental factors. Seven optimal locations are depicted on the resulting suitability map, each occupying 10 square kilometres or more and have the capacity to handle solid waste for at least one decade per site, considering the current reported waste generation rate. Furthermore, results of a preliminary geotechnical investigation encompassing field and laboratory tests conducted on soil samples collected at one of the proposed sites are presented. The characterization of the retrieved samples included major geotechnical parameters that are of concern in landfill design and siting studies. The results indicate that the soil at the proposed site exhibited low values of hydraulic conductivity, ranging between 3.50 X 10−07 and 8.96 X 10−08 cm/sec, confirming its suitability for siting landfills. There is an urgent need to develop and implement an integrated waste management system in Kuwait. By leveraging the findings of this study, policymakers and governmental authorities can optimize their decision-making procedures to ensure more effective site selection. This approach will significantly reduce contamination risks and enhance sustainability, leading to a more environmentally responsible waste management system in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management in the textile and clothing (TAC) industry is a challenging issue due to high resource consumption and pollution generation. Therefore, the adoption of industrial symbiosis (IS) is the need of the hour for the TAC industry. However, the adoption of IS in emerging economies like India, Brazil, Bangladesh, etc. is limited due to various impediments. The present work aims to identify and analyse these barriers and develop mitigation strategies in the context of Indian TAC industry. Eighteen IS barriers have been identified and validated; and the interrelationships among them are studied by applying the 'weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS)' method, which not only estimates the intensity of influence but also takes the self-strength of barriers into account. The results show that lack of trust amongst supply chain partners, lack of financial incentives from the government, lack of guidance from regularity bodies and industry associations and lack of consumer awareness are the most significant barriers. Additionally, the strategies to mitigate these barriers are developed based on a quadruple helix framework considering academia–-government–industry–society as the main actors. The findings of the study will be helpful for the TAC industry, policymakers and other concerned stakeholders in framing suitable strategies to improve the long-term waste management practices of the industry and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Coal ash is an important source of germanium, a crucial resource in modern society. • A coal gasification ash can be used both as germanium source and as building material. • An integrated valorization process for a real coal gasification fly ash is shown. • A more circular and sustainable recycling alternative for this waste is presented. • Better waste management option for coal gasification plants and old ash deposits. A Circular Waste Management alternative is considered in this paper in which a complete ash valorization process is proposed for an Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle fly ash, trying to extract maximum value from this waste before it is discarded. In the paper, germanium, a scarce resource vital in our modern society, is first extracted from fly ash using water, with an extraction yield of 85%, and subsequently, the leached fly ash is used in the manufacture of fire-resistant boards containing 60% ash, thereby avoiding its disposal in a landfill. The potential environmental impact caused by the two stages of the process was analyzed, and the final effluent was considered to achieve a zero-discharge objective. This paper contributes to the development of a more sustainable management alternative for an industrial waste produced in increased amounts and provides the basis for a symbiotic coupling relationship among various industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Review of life cycle assessment papers on textile waste management and practices. • In integrated textile waste management systems, reuse should be prioritised. • Longer service life and good use phase practices give lower environmental impacts. • Many variables influence the impact assessment of textiles reuse and recycling. • Data about people attitude towards textiles circularity could support LCA studies. To understand which are the best strategies for textile waste management and to analyse the effects on the environment of applying circular economy practices to textile products, a review of 45 publications where life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to these topics has been carried out. The separate collection of textiles, followed by reuse and recycling brings relevant environmental benefits, with impacts related to reuse resulting lower than those of recycling. At the opposite, when mixed municipal solid waste is addressed to energy recovery, the textile fraction is the second most impacting on climate change, right after plastics, while for landfill disposal impacts textiles directly follow the more biodegradable fractions. Textiles manufacturing using recycled fibres generally gives lower impacts than using virgin ones, with a few exceptions in some impact categories for cotton and polyester. The circular practices with the lowest impacts are those that ensure the extension of the textiles service life. Another aim of this review is to identify the main variables affecting the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). These resulted to be the yield and material demand of recycling processes, the use phase variables, the assumptions on virgin production replaced by reuse or recycling, the substitution factor in reuse, and transportation data in business models based on sharing. Thus, in LCA modelling, great attention should be paid to these variables. Future research should address these aspects, to acquire more relevant data, based on industrial-scale processes and on people habits towards the circular economy strategies applied to textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid wastes have become one of the most critical problems in urban areas because of the increase in the amount and the environmental problems caused by the variety of these wastes. In the same local governments where waste management is mismanaged, much money is wasted, and landfills are unnecessarily occupied. Making a profit out of solid wastes, seen as a heavy burden to the world and our country, aims firstly to collect these wastes apart from their sources by characterizing them. Recycling of both household and industrial wastes should be planned and done at the source. Collection is the most laborious and costly element of solid waste management. The study area was divided into four groups according to income levels, and the waste generated there was evaluated. The study showed that for 2022, kitchen waste ranks first with 67.25%. Kitchen waste is followed by packaging waste at 21.03%; flammable wastes (textile etc.) at 21.04%; ash waste at 44%, While hazardous wastes have a share of 0.55%; lastly, park and garden wastes and electronic wastes were not detected at all. It is seen that waste management activities are carried out in the Çayırova region, but the integration of citizens into waste management activities needs to be increased. In this regard, improvement efforts have been made to increase efficiency in separating collection from the source and reduce the amount of final waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased urbanization and population lead to increased consumption of manufactured goods. This ultimately results in increased production of waste. Identifying its composition is crucial for planning an effective solid waste management strategy. This study assesses the characteristics and composition of the waste generated within the Uyo Capital City Development Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This is to aid in developing a scientifically supported waste management pilot system for the state. Direct waste sorting and characterization were conducted on the municipal solid waste arriving at the landfill during the study period. Over 50% of the generated wastes are recyclables and composed of plastics, metals, and paper, while the fraction of organic waste is over 30%. Similarly, the waste generation per capita is 1.34 kg/person/day, while the generation forecast over the next ten years is estimated to increase by approximately 40%. Furthermore, over 9,000 surveys were completed by residents to establish a problem statement about the existing waste collection and disposal system, and possible solutions. Importantly, a majority of survey respondents were willing to source-separate their wastes and supported paying a fee for adequate waste collection. This strongly indicates that an integrated waste management system could be established to generate value from the collected waste. Supplementary revenue can be generated through composting, recycling, and land reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Tractors Company prioritizes sustainable waste management practices. This study investigated their current system, aiming to identify opportunities for improvement in efficiency and environmental impact. The research focused on how effectively United Tractors manages their waste streams, from minimizing generation at the source to responsibly processing and disposing of unavoidable waste. The analysis revealed a successful integrated waste management system at United Tractors, encompassing practices like composting, recycling, and proper treatment of hazardous materials. This approach demonstrates their commitment to minimizing their environmental footprint. The study went beyond current practices, identifying promising advancements in waste processing technologies like gasification and bioethanol production. These techniques offer exciting possibilities for further reducing waste and potentially even generating valuable resources from waste materials. The effectiveness of United Tractors’ system can be attributed to their comprehensive approach. The study conducted a detailed waste collection study to understand the composition and volume of waste generated across various departments. This data-driven approach allowed for a thorough cost analysis and an evaluation of the operational efficiency within the waste management system. Importantly, the study highlighted the potential benefits of incorporating advanced waste processing techniques for even greater sustainability in the future. While further feasibility studies are needed before full-scale implementation, these findings pave the way for United Tractors to develop and implement even more sustainable waste management practices in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, local governments have begun to develop urban food planning instruments focused on improving public health and environmental sustainability, but shortcomings still exist. This paper builds on the case of the Melbourne Metropolitan Region (Australia) to elaborate on how urban food planning and management can address the challenges exposed by a systemic approach. Challenges include strengthening local food economies, developing a nexus between the urban environment, public health, and sustainability, and the circular management of food production resources. Our study contributes to urban food planning and management practice by identifying how policy instruments have successfully addressed these key challenges, and existing inconsistencies between policies and planning. Furthermore, policies should go beyond incentives for urban gardens and explore new areas of intervention, including integrating local producers and retailers into urban food planning, prioritizing fresh food commercialization over ultra-processed products, and integrating composting into waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the problem of waste management in Algeria. It aims to analyze the various policies undertaken by the government in order to be able to respond to the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy from the perspective of sustainable and integrated waste management. The analyses carried out show that the first waste management strategies in Algeria were highly reactive and constituted a response to the exponential increase in waste. It is only since the year 2016 that the National Strategy for Integrated Waste Management has constituted an attempt at regulating this sector via a circular approach of profitability and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette butts, often discarded as litter, are considered a common form of waste, containing a variety of pollutants within this hazardous residue. This study, which was designed to assess the environmental release of certain metals from cigarette butts, investigates a variety of scenarios under varying climatic conditions. Thus, in order to assess the level of metal contamination, samples of cigarette butts were collected in urban areas from seven popular brands in China, smoked artificially, and examined through graphite furnace atomic absorption (GF-AAS). The findings indicated mean concentrations of 1.77 for Cr, 2.88 for Ni, 12.93 for Cu, 24.25 for Zn, and 1.77 µg/g for Pb in the case of newly smoked butts. The emission of each of the metals increases to 8–10% when cigarette butts remain in the environment for an extended period of time. Furthermore, rainfall can accelerate metal leaching, reaching values of 18–20% compared to the controlled scenario. The worst-case scenario releases 2129.31 kg/year of metals into the environment, while the best-case scenario sees a lower release of 844.97 kg/year. The data reflect variations in metal emissions across different scenarios. There was also a strong correlation between cigarette butts in public spaces and cities. This research highlights the need to educate smokers and increase urban maintenance efficiency to reduce this litter and the metals it leaches into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction development is inevitable, while despite its advantages and its benefits, it may lead to several problems related to landfill and its storage, referring to the high volumes of concrete waste currently generated annually, almost 2.0 ton/per capita according to Eurostat. In Algeria, the government has integrated waste management strategy [3] provision to recovering 60 % of construction waste by 2035, which can translate to an urgent need to find innovative ways to recycle concrete waste. One is using those wastes to produce aggregates; however, around 20 % of those aggregates represent fines, wich can lead to several issues if not considered in the concrete mixture. This work is an investigation that allows for using this fine fraction as partial replacement of cement. The result confirms the feasibility of using this material efficiently by applying an optimization process, ensuring an optimal cement replacement percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), around 33 % of the world's food, equivalent to 1.3 billion tonnes, is wasted annually as of 2019. This wastage is disproportionately high in developed regions like Europe and North America, where individuals discard an average of 95–115 kg per annum, compared to 6–11 kg in parts of Asia and North Africa. Kitchen waste, comprising 30–40 % of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), significantly contributes to environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions if not properly managed. To address these issues, an integrated waste management approach is being adopted, focusing on recycling resources from uncooked kitchen waste. Three different types of organic waste; uncooked kitchen waste, sawdust, and fresh cow dung/digestate, which also served as an inoculum, have been considered to optimize the quality and effectiveness of biofertilizers. In-vessel reactor composting, studied under controlled conditions, digestate in a 7.5:1.5:1 ratio as an effective inoculum, showed promising results in physio-chemical parameters compared to other trials. Additionally, using fresh cow dung as an inoculum led to significant bioaccumulation of pollutants, suggesting its potential for bioremediation purposes. These findings highlight the importance of innovative waste management strategies in reducing food waste, mitigating environmental impact, and promoting sustainable resource utilization.

• The PBAT/PLA coated paper shows high methane yield under AD condition. • Plastic film residues remain after the digestion of PBAT/PLA coated paper. • The decrease of hydrophobicity for PBAT/PLA bags is due to the formation of PLA monomers. • The bacterial community shows difference between PBAT/PLA coated paper and bags. • Methanoculleus is enriched on the plastic surface under mesophilic AD. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are two of biodegradable plastics with the highest production capacities in 2021. Bioplastic waste management can be easily integrated with organic waste management, especially when bioplastics are used as food packaging material, since they are potentially biodegradable. The aim of this study was to assess the biodegradability of biodegradable polymer-coated paper (BPCP) and bioplastic bags made from PBAT/PLA blend during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and to reveal the changes in the physicochemical properties of the bioplastics. BPCP obtained 155 NmL-CH 4 /g VS and 307.3 NmL-CH 4 /g VS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively, but left bioplastic film residues. The bioplastic bags did not exhibit significant biodegradation during the AD processes. 1H NMR results indicated that the ratio of PLA to PBAT decreased significantly after AD of the BPCP film and that PLA monomers were formed from the bioplastic bags, leading to a decrease in the hydrophobicity on the surfaces of the materials. Methanoculleus was found to be enriched on the bioplastic surface after mesophilic AD. From the perspective of coupling bioplastic waste management with the food waste management, the incorporation of BPCP into the AD reactor not only enhances system stability and methane production to a greater extent than biodegradable plastic bags but also raises concerns regarding the residual biofilm when utilizing the digestate for direct land applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their key role in integrated waste management, direct (incineration) and indirect (gasification/pyrolysis) waste combustion processes are still opposed by some of the general public due to the past emission levels of air pollutants. In fact, although the release of air pollutants (especially dioxin) to the atmosphere from waste combustion processes has gradually decreased over the years, thanks to the introduction of stricter regulations and more advanced removal technologies, there is still an unsolved problem regarding the public acceptance of waste-to-energy facilities. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art air pollution control (APC) technologies used in waste combustion facilities. Air pollution control technologies are designed to reduce or eliminate the emissions of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. These technologies are important for safeguarding public health, protecting ecosystems, complying with regulations, and promoting a more sustainable and resilient future for both local and global communities. This paper will highlight the complexity behind emission control and the efforts made by this sector over the years. This paper will also propose suggested configurations based on the interactions/complementarity between different APC technologies and recent findings to improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy has been expected to be an effort to build a competitive and sustainable society. This study aims to develop a circular economy-based business model for waste management in Jongbiru Village, Kediri Regency. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative by developing a sustainable business model innovation framework. The model used is a development of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) by involving business aspects of the environment. The research data were collected through observation and interviews at the location of the research object. The results showed that the waste disposal site (TPS) in Jongbiru Village had implemented a circular economy business with the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, and recycle), which was managed independently. However, there are shortcomings in long-term planning and efforts related to the role of the community. Moreover, the findings in the field also show the potential that needs to be optimized through supporting facilities and social capital. The implications of this research encourage the role of stakeholders in planning the long-term development of business projects with a community engagement approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW), a carbon-intensive waste stream, may create both instant and indirect impacts onto environmental and climate management. Despite multiple studies made for greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions of municipal waste, this research aims to achieve a comprehensive assessment for the carbon cycle by exploring evolution of waste composition and temporal-spatial disparities in waste management. Carbon flows embodied in MSW have been estimated across 31 provinces in Mainland China in the period 2000–2018. This improved estimation could be 15–40% smaller than the conventional estimation employing a constant waste composition. Aggregately some 578 ± 117 megatonnes carbon (MtC) were contained in MSW, including 239 ± 60 Mt of fossil carbon and 339 ± 58 Mt of degradable organic carbon. After treatment, 299 ± 66 MtC were possibly deposited in landfills and dumps. 279 ± 51 MtC were released to the atmosphere, creating net GHGs emissions equivalent to1870 ± 334 megatonnes of CO2 (MtCO2e). MSW generation in China nearly doubled during the period, net GHGs emissions increased by 1.8×, whereas fossil carbon grew by a factor of 3.5, mainly propelled by an increasing content of waste plastic in MSW. More rapid growth was witnessed in provinces in southern China than in northern. Distinct spatial–temporal evolution of waste and carbon metabolism was driven by increment, composition, and management effects. In the long run, the increment and composition effects may drop off. Enhanced practices of waste management integrating the circular economy are needed to fully recycle carbon flows, minimize emissions, and manage carbon deposits in aging landfills and dumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Solid waste is one of the serious issues that we encounter daily. Its role in the pollution of the environment impacts the general view. The current research recommends saving and protecting Makkah's environment from hazardous waste produced from car care services, through adequate attention to the recycling of waste as an economic resource, in the field of waste and waste recycling and raising environmental and health awareness. The purpose of this study was to focus on the current state of generated hazardous waste (used oil, wheels, and used car batteries) from vehicles in Makkah. In the field study, Makkah City was divided into five zones to facilitate the fieldwork. The city's five main sectors are divided into 46 subdistricts, and data is collected from fuel stations, battery shops, and car maintenance centers. The current study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to characterize waste, highlighting recycling as an economic resource. It also opens the door for attracting interested investors and promoting investment in the waste recycling sector. Thus, waste can be assessed while causing the least amount of harm to the environment thanks to efficient waste management. The goal is achieved through a set of objectives that include (1) identifying the locations of service centers of vehicles in Makkah, (2) estimating the amount of waste according to the regions of Makkah, (3) identifying how the different waste is classified in Makkah, and (4) estimating the total rate of generated waste of vehicles in Makkah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exponentially increasing population, industrialization, urbanization, etc., are the consequences of the unsolved problem of municipal solid waste management in India. Mismanagement of the generated solid waste has a negative impact on the public health and the environment. Effective recycling of solid waste is considered as one of the various approaches to overcome these problems. The review aims to provide an overview of the prevailing waste management scenarios across the globe and highlight the importance of recycling. The review assessed the key criteria of municipal solid waste management, and it includes a complete assessment of municipal solid waste creation, characterization, collection, and disposal in India. The inherent issues and driving possible solutions for successful solid waste management are examined. Unsorted garbage at the source, social hurdles, public perception, a lack of knowledge, unplanned expenditures, and inadequate execution of government laws were noted as the problems with solid waste management. The review found that the geographical position and economic status of a nation are important in dictating waste characteristics, and identified the recycling potential of solid waste. The review concluded that the various characterization techniques are important for the development of value-added products produced through the recycling of solid waste. Moreover, the review suggested the adoption of an integrated waste management approach for the socio-economic environmental development of nations. The findings and discussions of the review will help the relevant authorities for municipal solid waste management and researchers develop more efficient strategies for successful municipal solid waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the 'technical fix' within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned – a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single municipal solid waste treatment technique may not be adequate to effectively treat the municipal solid waste (MSW) produced across the globe. This is due to the different composition and physical characteristics of the MSW. This has changed China's waste management strategy to integrated waste management systems since the 13th Five-Year-Plan in 2016. Therefore, the present study evaluates the electricity generation potential, economic feasibility, and the environmental impact of integrated waste-to-energy technologies in China, taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a case study. The study considers the integration of anaerobic digestion and landfill gas to energy (AD/LFGTE), anaerobic digestion and incineration (AD/INC), and incineration and landfill gas to energy (INC/LFGTE). The prominent findings show that AD/LFGTE has the highest electricity generation potential during the project period. It was found that AD/LFGTE contributed 24.52% to the region's electricity needs, while AD/INC and INC/LFGTE contributed 22.68% and 1.88%, respectively. According to the economic analysis, all the projects are viable in the area and have a positive net present value. The AD/LFGTE project was found to be more economical with a lower levelized cost of energy (US$0.0915/kWh), shorter investment payback period (9.1 years), and higher profit (US$1,331.19 million) on investment. It was observed that the integrated systems could avoid a considerable amount of coal consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, with AD/LFGTE having the highest saving ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper focuses on the main geomorphological and geological, hydrographic and hydrological characteristics, as well as the main indicators of echopedological characterization and how they are manifested in the area under study, as well as a series of elements relating to the current situation of waste management in Timis County, or the composition and protection of basic and auxiliary components of the landfill, as well as a series of technical solutions for control and prevention of risk situations, the fruit of a laborious activity of observation, studies and research in interdisciplinary fields. In order to manage waste (estimated at 9.58 million tons of which 7.66 million tons of household waste) as correctly and efficiently as possible, in compliance with the European Union standards, an integrated waste management system co-financed by European funds was implemented in the Timis County, covering the entire area of the Timis County, respecting the 99 administrative units, representing 100% coverage of the county with sanitation services, divided into 5 collection areas:0 Ghizela, 1 Timisoara, 2 Jimbolia, 3 Deta, 4 Faget, superimposed on the three geomorphological sectors specific to Timis County. The importance of the subject matter derives from the fact that in addition to the requirements for food, clothing and wood, the natural environment is required by man for more and more different requirements, being used to a large extent as a place for multiple and diverse social-economic activities for various constructions, recreational spaces, platforms and places for the storage of many wastes and residues. The aim of the research undertaken originates from scientific and practical research on the accumulation of knowledge in which, through various technological and organizational measures, it is possible to reduce the area to be treated with residues by 30%, thus reducing possible pressures on the quality of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) using rapid diagnostic tests for infectious disease can potentially guide appropriate use of antimicrobials, reduce antimicrobial resistance, and economise use of healthcare resources. POCT implementation in private retail settings such as pharmacies and drug shops could lessen the burden on public healthcare. We performed a narrative review on studies of POCTs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and explored uptake, impact on treatment, and feasibility of implementation. Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed for interventional studies on the implementation of POCT for infectious diseases performed by personnel in private retail settings. Data were extracted and analysed by two independent reviewers. Results: Of the 848 studies retrieved, 23 were included in the review. Studies were on malaria (19/23), malaria and pneumonia (3/23) or respiratory tract infection (1/23). Nine randomised controlled studies, four controlled, non-randomised studies, five uncontrolled interventions, one interventional pre-post study, one cross-over interventional study and three retrospective analyses of RCTs were included. Study quality was poor. Overall, studies showed that POCT can be implemented successfully, leading to improvements in appropriate treatment as measured by outcomes like adherence to treatment guidelines. Despite some concerns by health workers, customers and shop providers were welcoming of POCT implementation in private retail settings. Main themes that arose from the review included the need for well-structured training with post-training certification covering guidelines for test-negative patients, integrated waste management, community sensitization and demand generation activities, financial remuneration and pricing schemes for providers, and formal linkage to healthcare and support. Conclusion: Our review found evidence that POCT can be implemented successfully in private retail settings in LMICs, but comprehensive protocols are needed. High-quality randomised studies are needed to understand POCTs for infectious diseases other than malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The garbage problem from DKI Jakarta in the integrated waste management (IWM) site at Bantargebang Bekasi is still interesting for study. The existing studies generally relate to water, soil, air pollution, social conflict, institutional, and area expansion. This study focuses on determining priority strategies for policy development at the IWM Site. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP), analysis method was used to measure priority options regarding integrated Jakarta waste management policies at the IWM site. They collected data by interviewing experts, primary data sources, and other information from various related agencies. The existing condition performance graphs and dynamic sensitivity results show that alternative strategies for improving human resources are a priority for policy development at the IWM Site. The next priority in a row is facilities and infrastructure development, waste utilization management regulations, and increased stakeholder cooperation and coordination. The conclusion is that the policy to raise human resources is most relevant to the current needs of the implementing management unit of the IWM site. It is recommended that further studies related to risks and disasters from the existence of technology-based waste processing have the potential to cause new problems from environmental and social aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leachate produced from old landfills has a low level of biodegradability making it suitable for physico-chemical treatment. A low level of biodegradability is characterized by a concentration ratio of BOD5/COD ≤ 0.1. The leachate at the Bantargebang Integrated Waste Management Unit (UPST) has a BOD5/COD concentration ratio of 0.05. The current state of processing leachate at the wastewater treatment plant (IPAS) employs biological processing technology. This research uses inlet leachate from IPAS 3 UPST Bantargebang, with a batch system reactor. The reactor is a glass beaker with a capacity of 1 L, operated using a magnetic stirrer with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The reactor is covered with aluminum foil to prevent oxidation caused by light. The dosage used is based on H2O2/COD concentration ratios, which are 1.0625 and 2.125. Reactions time applied are 60 minutes and 180 minutes. The initial pH levels of the leachate used are 5, 6, 7, and 8. The variations that have optimum values are at pH 6, H2O2/COD 2.125, and a 60-minute reaction time, resulting in average color removal, BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, and H2O2 reacted by 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • co-HTC of SB and DSS was used to waste management and lead adsorption. • Cold-alkali activation improved adsorption capacity. • Optimum co-HTC conditions were found using the RSM method. • Appropriate waste management and suitable adsorbent were earned. Integrated biomass waste management and fresh water supply are crucial environmental problems that researchers are laboring to clarify today. The co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and digested sewage sludge (DSS), with KOH activation, for SB and DSS waste management, was accomplished. In this research, the effect of process parameters and biomass ratio during co-HTC on modified hydrochar adsorption capacities was critically evaluated. To optimize operating parameters (temperature, time, catalyst/precursor ratio, water/precursor ratio, and SB/DSS ratio, response surface methodology was used. The optimum condition was 180 °C, 9.6 h, 3/1 DSS/SB ratio (w w), 5.00 water/precursor ratio (w w), and 3.50 ZnCl 2 /precursor ratio (w w). The optimum hydochar was featured using BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and elemental analysis and used to study the adsorptive ability of lead. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model matched reasonably with the Langmuir (127.61 mg g) and pseudo-second-order models (130.68 mg g). Moreover, the kinetic adsorption studies showed that 85 percent of adsorption capacity was achieved in the first 15 min. Our study strongly confirmed that co-HTC of DSS and SB, can be used as a green and environmental safety approach for sludge management and clean water supplement followed by lead removal with acceptable reusability of adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hospital activities restore health and save lives; yet they produce infectious waste that might harm people and the environment if not handled carefully. The sudden increase in bio-medical waste (BMW) generation was caused due to the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the beginning of year 2020. There is a huge potential of businesses from BMW generated in the developing economies. The document destruction process would prove to be beneficial in determining the strategies and policies for the business from BMW. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the factors that influence the business prospects from BMW in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach: The study focuses on identifying 18 factors based on an extensive literature review, questionnaire, theoretical foundations and interviews with experts in the context of developing economies. These factors are categorized into four groups namely "Culture, education and microeconomics", "Infrastructure, social provision, and technology", "Policy and institution" and "Integrated waste management system". Consequently, these factors are prioritized to assist the decision-maker in comprehending the most critical aspects of accomplishing the best business practices. A framework based on the Best–Worst Method (BWM) is applied to evaluate and determine the significance of each identified factor. Findings: The major contribution of this paper is to identify key factors that are responsible for successful implementation of the business practices from the generated BMW. The study also explains their nature, significance and inter-relationship among them using BWM. Current study applied a distinctive modeling approach to examine the contextual relationship among the key factors and to rank them as per their importance. The findings of the study suggest that "Setup for collection and segregation is the best alternative for business from BMW produced". Originality/value: The paper also presents strategies, which can be adopted as a guiding step by the decision-makers to formulate policies for the effective business practice from BMW. This research is expected to stimulate future applications of the BWM to facilitate long-term decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated solid waste management is an important challenge as well as an opportunity for public authorities, academicians, researchers and policymakers. The lack of understanding about the issues related to municipal solid waste management (MSWM) among different stakeholders and the associated cost makes the process challenging. This study was conducted based on the literature, reports and data available in public domain. India has the second largest population in the world, and its urbanization has posed many challenges for MSWM. The objectives of this study were to quantify the MSW generation, treatment and disposal rates in different states of India in recent years of the 21st century. We explain the geographical distribution of per capita generation of MSW in different states and Union Territories of India, considering the data from the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi. We observed that Odisha and Delhi had the highest per capita generation of waste in the country. Karnataka reported the highest percentage rise in per capita generation of MSW from 2014-15 to 2019-20. An in-depth study of the treatment methods and status in different states has also been reviewed by us. Maharashtra reported highest treatment of MSW in 2019-20 and also had the maximum number of landfills in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on Indonesia's efforts to promote sustainability through the implementation of product-oriented Product-Service Systems (PSS). The study first explores the Indonesian government's support for sustainability and then examines the existing implementation of product-oriented PSS in the Indonesian motorcycle network. The paper investigates the drivers and barriers of product-oriented PSS implementation to improve sustainability through semi-structured interviews with thirteen senior managers from five Indonesian motorcycle companies, including manufacturers, intermediaries, and service partners. The study identifies key criteria for manufacturers to meet sustainability, such as waste management, reducing hazardous material usage, designing for disassembly, increasing the use of recyclable materials, and implementing take-back and recycling policies. For intermediaries and service partners, the key criteria include providing services, repairs, and maintenance, as well as reducing the use of hazardous materials. Finally, the study offers recommendations based on previous research on the role of government in overcoming barriers to product-oriented PSS implementation. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on improving sustainability through product-oriented PSS implementation by identifying drivers and barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing global population and higher living standards instantly demand the transition in the direction of a sustainable food system. A substantial section of means and agricultural lands are presently committed to protein-rich feed production to rear livestock for human consumption. Conversely, accelerated farming activities and the food industry have rendered a drastic increase in waste which impair the economic and environmental sustainability of the ecosystem. This situation emerges the need for developing an integrated technology for waste management and to improve sustainability footprints. Microbial protein (MP) production based on renewable electron and carbon sources has the potential as a substitute protein source. MP production for animal feed use is growing fast and is derived from bacteria, algae, and fungi including yeast. MP produced from all types of microbes is currently commercialized and in use. However, novel methods and processes are also under investigation to make MP production more economical and sustainable. Current research on MP has concentrated on the valorization of waste materials by using high protein content-containing microorganisms, which can then be used in animal feed. Using such kind of integrated approach, the agroindustry waste resources upcycling can contribute towards finding sustainable, cheaper, and environment-friendly protein sources. This review first describes the potential waste feedstock for MP production and summarizes the recent progress in the application of MP-producing microorganisms including fungus, yeast, bacteria, and phototrophic microbes. Bioprocesses, and production technology advances for MP production have been explored and discussed in detail. Finally, the MP application as animal feed, its challenges, and future perspectives in research have been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projecting municipal solid waste generation and identifying socioeconomic factors affecting waste generation is crucial for integrated waste management strategies. The present research work focuses on the projection of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Prayagraj, India, based on demographics and socioeconomic factors, using long short-term memory (LSTM), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and incremental increase models (IIM). The model was integrated with nine socioeconomic variables to improve accuracy. The influence of socioeconomic variables on MSW generation was evaluated using correlation and fuzzy logic approaches. Waste generation data collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) from 1997 to 2015 were used to train the models. The results of the correlation study indicate that population growth, employment, and households have a substantial impact on waste generation rates. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) suggest that LSTM is the best model to forecast MSW generation in Prayagraj, India. The R2 value indicates that the LSTM is more accurate (0.92) than ARIMA (0.72) and IIM (0.70). LSTM projection indicates that the city will have a population of 1.6 million by 2031, and waste generation will increase by 70.6% in 2031. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic waste has been a major problem faced by Indonesia since time immemorial. One of the significant ways to deal with this problem is to implement a system build an integrated waste management facility. The regional landfill area of Piyungan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, a waste disposal site covering Sleman and Bantul regencies, and Yogyakarta City still experiences complicated problems with this management process. At the landfill, waste management is reduced by the local community through social capital, namely "Mardiko." Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of social capital in managing the regional landfill area of Piyungan. This is a quantitative and qualitative research with data collected from 200 respondents comprising government officials, community leaders, groups, and community members using the purposive random sampling method. The results showed that the stronger the role of social capital in the community, the better the efforts to serve the environment and the lesser the amount of waste disposed of as residue in the Piyungan regional landfill area. In conclusion, the social capital conducted by the community plays a significant role in managing the environment and reduces waste by 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biowaste collection with downstream recycling can reduce environmental impacts. • Recovered materials are cleaner owing to reduced moisture content. • OFMSW Composting is enhanced, although paper waste residues are present in the process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to investigate the environmental impacts of two alternative approaches in a biowaste management system. The system inventory is based on actual data and on-site sampling for two consecutive years at the mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) facility at the prefecture of Chania (Greece). The facility pertains as MBT for household waste and material recycling (MR) for the recyclable fractions in two different process lines. The mass balances and environmental performance are assessed from waste generation to end-use. The LCA and ReCiPe 2016 methodology estimate the endpoint environmental impacts on human health, ecosystem quality and resource scarcity. The results show that biowaste source segregation in an integrated waste management system not only significantly benefits its recoverability potential it also improves its environmental performance. Impacts on human health (HH) have reduced by 4.6 times, on freshwater ecosystem quality (EQf) by 6.3 times and resource scarcity (RS) usage by 2.5 times when biowaste is combined with compost production and use, material recovery and reprocessing for fertilizer and raw material substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current context regarding the management of waste obtained from the construction industry, according to European Union laws and directives, requires the imposition of an integrated waste management system. The main objective of this study was to integrate and reuse old plaster waste as a substitute for aggregates in significant proportions in mortar composition and analyzing the impact on the physical and mechanical characteristics of mortar in fresh state and in hardened state. Over periods of 7, 14, and 28 days, the experimental program studied three types of plastering mortars: a standard recipe (without waste) and another two proposed recipes, in which construction waste was re-used as a substitute for aggregates in proportions of 10% and 15%. Results obtained on the fresh properties of the proposed plastering mortars (apparent density, consistency, and segregation trend) indicated a variation (increase/decrease) of 1% to 2.5% compared with the standard recipe. Mechanical strengths showed decreased values; that is, the compressive strength decreased by 11.09% and the flexural strength decreased by 22% when waste replaced aggregates in a proportion of 15%. The results of the experimental program identified the potential of waste plaster, which can replace up to 15% of the aggregates in plaster mortars, which still guarantees their successful use in practice. To reduce the influence of the use of waste on the mechanical strengths, we propose to conduct further investigations (nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction) on these mortars reinforced with different types of fibers. The large amount of waste resulting from the rehabilitation of damaged building facades and the fact that there are currently no experimental studies on the reuse of waste from old plaster mortars were the main reasons for the present study examining the possibility of their use in the production of new building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To guarantee a dignified life in low-incoming countries where socio-environmental negative implications derived from the municipal solid waste (MSW) by its excessive generation, lack of governance, and financial resources, sustainable and integrated solutions are required. From this perspective, well-located transfer stations (TSs) are conceived as an alternative to improve MSW management quality in municipalities that generate little MSW and have long transportation distances. Consequently, this research aims to find optimum areas to locate TSs in the province of Azuay-Ecuador as a commonwealth proposal. It applies a multi-criteria decision analysis based on geographic information systems with the analytical hierarchical process technique: a heuristic and scalable method that simultaneously evaluates subjective and non-monetized inputs. The authors faced it from a holistic perspective in a three-level hierarchical structure; starting from categories: technical, environmental, economic, and social; then criteria: rivers, protected areas, populated areas, land use, educational centers, health centers, tourist sites, basic services, roads, gravity centers, geology, power grid, and slopes; and finally, sub-criteria defined by criteria´s measurable attributes. This research provides local decision-makers with middle-scale tools and a first diagnosis to focus later efforts in local studios over potential sites. The results showed that 79.12% of the study area was restrictive to place a TS. The remaining territory suitability index values between 13 and 89% were found, with possible TSs at Paute, Sigsig, and Nabón to serve nine from fifteen cantons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) and municipal solid waste (MSW) are the waste flows mostly generated at a global level. In developing countries, most of these waste streams are disposed of in open dumps. Policy-makers should be informed in which priorities should be established in order to improve the quality of the environment. The current research compares the environmental impacts generated by the MSW and CDW management system of La Paz (Bolivia). The aim is to evaluate (1) which environmental impact indicators are more important per waste flow and (2) if recycling can be considered a good option for mitigating such environmental footprint. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of the formal MSW management and the CDW mismanagement (i.e., open dumping) were conducted. The analysis of the management system (2019) is compared with future developments in recycling that counts with the support of an international cooperative project financed by the Italian cooperation. Results reported that, at a municipal level, CDW mismanagement contributes more than 60% to the freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, which represents the most relevant impact generated by this waste stream. Recycling allows achieving avoided impacts higher than the ones produced for three of six environmental impacts, suggesting MSW and CDW recovery as an important option for preventing environmental degradation. The research is the first attempt to highlight the importance of organizing appropriate CDW management systems into an integrated waste management scheme for mitigating environmental impacts in developing cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reuse and recycling are preferred strategies in waste management to ensure the high position of waste resources in the waste management hierarchy. However, challenges are still pronounced in many developing countries, where disposal as a final solution is prevalent, particularly for municipal solid waste. On the other hand, refuse-derived fuel as a means of energy recovery provides a sustainable option for managing mixed, contaminated and residual municipal solid waste (MSW). This study provides one of the earliest assessments of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW in Ghana through a case study in the cities of Accra and Kumasi. The residual/reject fractions (RFs) of MSW material recovery were characterized for thermochemical energy purposes. The studied materials had the potential to be used as RDF. The combustible portions from the residual fractions formed good alternative fuel, RDF, under the class I, II-III classification of the EN 15359:2011 standards. The RDF from only combustible mixed materials such as plastics, paper and wood recorded a significant increase in the lower heating value (28.66–30.24 MJ/kg) to the mass RF, with the presence of organics (19.73 to 23.75 MJ/kg). The chlorine and heavy metal content met the limits set by various standards. An annual RDF production of 12 to 57 kilotons is possible from the two cities. This can offset 10–30% of the present industrial coal consumption, to about 180 kiloton/yr CO2 eq emissions and a net cost saving of USD 8.7 million per year. The market for RDF as an industrial alternative fuel is developing in Ghana and similar jurisdictions in this context. Therefore, this study provides insights into the potential for RDF in integrated waste management system implementation for socioeconomic and environmental benefits. This supports efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]