Search

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The control of the maintenance of the industrial installations, in particular of the costs due to the implementation of the preventive policies is very interesting because of the growing importance of this service in the chains of production. The objective of this paper is to minimize the preventive maintenance costs of a production unit. For this, a state of the art on the maintenance cost models according to the policy used is first made, then a synthesis of the optimization methods is made in order to deploy the exact resolution methods and the genetic algorithms. The result of this paper is the proposal of a cost model corresponding to a periodic maintenance policy with minimal repair to the failure and the optimization of the periodicities of the partial revisions of the production unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) governs the permitting of more than 50,000 large-scale industrial installations across the EU and their emissions into air, water and soil. Under the European Green Deal, the IED has been undergoing a revision process which was finalised in April 2024. This article gives an overview of some of the main changes to the law and the next steps for Member States, industry and individuals affected by industrial pollution. It looks in particular at the expansion of the IED's scope to some new sectors, while continuing to keep industrial cattle rearing outside of the scope. It also considers how the amended permitting regime has the potential to prevent more pollution, if applied effectively by authorities. Lastly, the improved enforcement tools are discussed with an emphasis on the compensation right – the first of its kind in EU environmental law – requiring effective access to compensation for individuals affected by illegal industrial pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial control and automation sector has invested in the development and standardization of new wireless (WirelessHART, ISA 100.11a, and WIA-PA) and wired (Profibus/Profinet, Modbus, and LonWORK) solutions aimed at automating processes to support standard monitoring and control functions from the perspective of addressing critical applications, as well as those integrated within the Building Internet of Things (BIoT) concept. Distributed data acquisition and control systems allow modern installations to monitor and control devices remotely. Various network protocols have been proposed to specify communication formats between a client/gateway and server devices, with Modbus being an example that has been widely implemented in the latest industrial electrical installations. The main contribution made in this paper concerns the completion of the Modbus Extension (ModbusE) specifications for the server station in the classical Modbus communication architecture, as well as their implementation and testing in an STM32F4 kit. A general-purpose control architecture is proposed for BIoT sector, comprising both intelligent touch switches and communication protocols of which the Modbus protocol is used extensively for the monitoring and control part, especially between clients, smart switches, and devices. The specific contributions concern the presentation of a scientific and practical implementation of improved specifications and their integration as software modules on ModbusE protocol server stations. A client station with a VirtualComm USB PC connection is also implemented in the lab to test the operation of the proposed server with specific Modbus applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de la Educación is the property of Instituto Corporativo Edwards Deming and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ammonia synthesis by the Haber–Bosch method is a typical and effective implementation of the chemical process in the large-scale fertiliser industry. Due to the growing demand for fertilisers and food, it is desirable to study this process thoroughly using modern numerical methods to improve the operation of existing devices and facilitate the design of new devices in industrial installations. This manuscript focuses on the influence of the catalyst bed parameters on the ammonia synthesis process. Variants with different sizes of catalyst particles and modifications of the geometry of catalytic beds were considered. The axial-radial Topsoe converter with magnetite as a catalyst, commonly used in modern fertiliser industry beds, was investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics. As a result, contours of velocity, pressure, concentration, and rate of ammonia formation were obtained. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to determine the gradient of ammonia production rate in the catalyst bed and designate zones with negligible reaction rates. The authors also proposed possible bed geometry modifications to reduce bed volumes without affecting the converter's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil refineries are among industrial installations that are vulnerable to climate extreme events, whose frequency and intensity have been increasing over the last decades. Building resilience in resources to withstand climate-related hazards and to recover fast at low human and material cost, for changing climate conditions, is required. In this paper, we present an action research effort for the design of a viable decentralized climate-resilience-providing virtual organization in an oil refinery in Greece using the Viable System Model. The VIPLAN method was employed for the methodological design of a distributed Climate Resilience Providing Organisation for the case of a refinery facility in Greece. The paper presents the process and the results of this effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalised dimensionless temporal patterns of rainfall were developed using 17 yr-long hourly rainfall records from Tarapur, on the west coast of India, in conventional approach and without any synthetic tweaking of observed rainstorms. Higher percentile curves (higher intensity rainstorms), as well as lower duration rainstorms, produced steeper initial segments, reflecting site-specific rainstorm characteristics, typical for southwest monsoon rainfall occurring at Tarapur. Patterns derived at Tarapur differed from NRCS Type-III curves for tropical rainfall in US, which has the steepest segment in the middle. Compared to regional studies applicable for Tarapur, site-specific curves were conservative. A proposed risk metric indicated that local infrastructure and hydraulic elements might get underdesigned, if generic rainfall pattern is adopted. The curves thus generated would be inputs for development/augmentation of local infrastructure facilities, accommodating climate change scenarios, especially for important industrial or nuclear installations at and around Tarapur. This is the first study to analyse the departures of site-specific temporal distribution from generic rainfall curves available in literature, for tropical rainfall in the Indian subcontinent. Research highlights: Site-specific temporal patterns of rainfall were generated and compared to generic curves for the first time in India, for Tarapur, a location on west coast of India. When compared to the generic temporal patterns of rainfall applicable for Tarapur, the developed curves were usually conservative. The generic temporal patterns were closer to 95 percentile of site-specific pattern till around first 20% duration of storm, and were closer to the 85 percentile pattern subsequently. A risk metric is proposed for evaluation of the flooding risk of earlier designs based on generic temporal distribution of rainfall from literature or earlier site-specific distributions as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical cables are a potential source of ignition and fire hazards in various types of buildings and industrial installations, as well as in all modes of transportation, including aircraft. Fires in buildings pose the greatest threat to human life and health. The composition of thermal degradation products depends mainly on the type of combustible materials and the type of combustion process—flaming or smoldering. The purpose of this paper was to determine, based on experimental studies, the effects of flaming and smoldering combustion on the response times of fire smoke detectors. In addition, the concentrations of fire gases formed in the process of duct combustion, including CO, SO2, NO2, NO, HCN, HCl, HBr and HF, were measured using an FTIR spectrometer. The results presented confirm the significant effect of the way the cable samples burned on detector tripping time. The highest concentration of smoke (Y) in the test chamber was obtained during flame combustion. It was further found that the characteristics of the cable insulation material used, such as the type of PVC, had a significant effect on the toxicity of the emitted gases. The largest amounts of toxic gases were emitted during the smoldering combustion of a cable with a plasticized PVC sheath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business expansion installation can only simply record the most basic business information, which leads to the problems of complex power supply procedures and low efficiency. Therefore, a study on the optimal power supply parameters of the business expansion installation based on grey correlation degree and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the grey correlation degree is used to process the optimal power supply parameter data of industrial expansion and installation, and the parameters of fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm are set. On this basis, an intelligent management system for the optimal power supply process of industrial expansion and installation is constructed, and the system development conditions are set up; According to the four business links of project reserve, business acceptance, collaborative operation and performance evaluation, the customer business expansion and installation function module is constructed, so as to realize the calculation of the optimal power supply line of the business expansion and installation and complete the research on the optimal power supply parameters. The experimental results show that the output stability, output throughput performance and parameter optimization ability of this method for the line impedance characteristic control of the power supply of the industrial expansion device are good and are always on the rise. At 3 cm, the output throughput reaches 1.9%, and the parameter analysis ability can reach 350 pixels, which has certain application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second quarter of 2021, the companies at the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC, Santo André, Brazil) carried out a 50-day scheduled shutdown for the maintenance and installation of new industrial equipment. This process resulted in severe uncontrolled emissions of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a densely populated residential area (~3400 inhabitants/km2). VOCs can be emitted directly into the atmosphere in urban areas by vehicle exhausts, fuel evaporation, solvent use, emissions of natural gas, and industrial processes. PM is emitted by vehicle exhausts, mainly those powered by diesel, industrial processes, and re-suspended soil dust, in addition to that produced in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions. Our statistical analyses compared the previous (2017–2020) and subsequent (2021–2022) periods from this episode (April–May 2021) from the official air quality monitoring network of the PM10, benzene, and toluene hourly data to improve the proportion of this period of uncontrolled emissions. Near-field simulations were also performed to evaluate the dispersion of pollutants of industrial origin, applying the Gaussian plume model AERMOD (steady-state plume model), estimating the concentrations of VOC and particulate matter (PM10) in which the population was exposed in the region surrounding the CPC. The results comparing the four previous years showed an increase in the mean concentrations by a factor of 2 for PM10, benzene, and toluene, reaching maximum values during the episode of 174 µg m−3 (PM10), 79.1 µg m−3 (benzene), and 58.7 µg m−3 (toluene). Meanwhile, these higher concentrations continued to be observed after the episode, but their variation cannot be fully explained yet. However, it is worth highlighting that this corresponds to the post-pandemic period and the 2022 data also correspond to the period from January to June, that is, they do not represent the annual variation. A linear correlation indicated that CPC could have been responsible for more than 60% of benzene measured at the Capuava Air Quality Station (AQS). However, the PM10 behavior was not fully explained by the model. AERMOD showed that the VOC plume had the potential to reach a large part of Mauá and Santo André municipalities, with the potential to affect the health of more than 1 million inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals on industrial electrical power quality improvement using an active power filter (APF) based on fuzzy logic controller. The studied system is a PV conversion chain used to supply linear and non-linear industrial loads of 200 kw plant. The PV station is modeled then simulated under Matlab Simulink, with standard conditions consideration in the first time then under real irradiation and sun power variation during the day hours, to obtain the true parameters design of the PV station to be able to give the needed power during the climatic conditions changing. APF parameters design and control loop structure are well studied to have an optimal control. MPPT technique is used in PV station control with the P&O algorithm. Also PV panel fault diagnosis has been done by using alarm for fault indicator and protection over under power. Simulation results are analyzed and discussed comparison with real signals, produced by the FLUK 6001B reference source with the use of the PRS 600 and the Teledyne 3,5 GHz-40Gs/s oscilloscope as measurement instrument, to improve the effectiveness of APF on electrical power quality, THD, amelioration and harmonic minimization in the industrial installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a collection of projects that interrupt conventional urban systems and propose alternative interventions. Topics include reclaiming public space through temporary installations, repurposing decommissioned oil refineries as cultural sites, creating a bottom-up urban infrastructure, restoring nature in industrial areas and commemorating a dying agrarian village.

Some mathematical models are developed for a Photovoltaic Solar Park (PSFV) applying different identification techniques, considering the behavior of the solar irradiation and panel temperature as input variables and the generated active power as out put variable. These models will be used to study a behavior and as reference in forecasting systems of generated power predictions in this PSFV, contributing to the decision making concerning the logistics of the national electro-energy system(SEN).The methodology exposed in this work can be used to obtain the model of any PSFV that is of interest. The PSFV models area warded and validated with measurements extracted directly from an industrial PSFV installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motya was a major Phoenician centre of western Sicily during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, yet compared to its Greek neighbours, relatively little is known about how the island city developed over time or how its urban spaces were organised at its height. Scientific archaeological investigations, which have been semi-continuous since the 1960s, have mainly focused on its monumental features, burial spaces, and industrial installations, providing only a partial picture of the city’s history and development. New results of intensive survey and excavation of the eastern half of the island help to close the gaps between the site’s most prominent features and show that a significant section of Motya was orthogonally planned as early as the mid-6th century BCE, an act that all but erased possible traces of earlier occupation, if the islet was ever intensely occupied. Despite this, at least one part of the investigated area was spared reorganisation of space and exhibited a distinct layout that suggests a separate function. This research demonstrates the potential for intensive surveys on settlements to contribute to site histories and correct possible bias for continuity that would arise in chronologies created from data from temples, monuments, or other persistent places in urban sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toluene diisocyanate is an important chemical intermediate prepared by phosgenation reaction with two steps named cold and thermal phosgenation, respectively. The thermal phosgenation reaction is a complex reactive distillation process with high energy consumption and multiple targets of reaction and separation, so it is of great significance to optimize the step. The reactive distillation model of the thermal phosgenation was established for an industrial installation by aspen plus, and the effects of the different parameters of temperatures, residence times, etc., were investigated firstly; then a thermally coupled reactive distillation column was presented to perform the thermal phosgenation process, and the optimal operation and configuration parameters were obtained by simulation. The results showed that the proposed process can save the heat and cold energy with 7.29% and 32.78%, respectively, and reduce the total annual cost by about 17.11%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In China, the exchange of carbon credits prevalent in global environmental governance has expanded beyond emissions exchanges focused on polluting industrial installations and peripheral green lungs. Instead, an innovative field of individual carbon accounting schemes rescaled the responsibility for carbon emissions, savings, and offsets to the consumer-citizen through digital apps. This repurposing of carbon cannot be traced to simple top-down command-and-control measures conventionally associated with authoritarian regimes, nor to pure market-driven interests ascribed to neoliberal governance. In individual carbon accounting the auditing, consultancy and accountability strategies preaching resilience in the face of the global risks and capitalist crises meet with the Marxist-Leninist commitments to the "mass line." The Chinese Communist Party and related actors thereby foster GDP growth while performing environmental redress. Chinese social management measures, including individual carbon accounting, belong to a cybernetic, autonomous, and aspirational promise of a more harmonious melding of ecology and economy, often distilled in visions of Ecological Civilization, yet placing hope in the possibility of green capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This model describes the heat equation in 3D domains, and this problem is reduced to a hybrid dimension problem, keeping the initial dimension only in some parts and reducing it to one-dimensional equation within the domains in some distance from the base regions. Such mathematical models are typical in industrial installations such as pipelines. Our aim is to add two additional improvements into this methodology. First, the economical ADI type finite volume scheme is constructed to solve the non-classical heat conduction problem. Special interface conditions are defined between 3D and 1D parts. It is proved that the ADI scheme is unconditionally stable. Second, the parallel factorization algorithm is proposed to solve the obtained systems of discrete equations. Due to both modifications the run-time of computations is reduced essentially. Results of computational experiments confirm the theoretical error analysis and scalability estimates of the parallel algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugar industry plays an important role in the national economy, which is why the efficiency of the operation of the main parameters of the different equipment and facilities that comprise it has a considerable impact on sugar production, one of the causes that accentuate this behavior, is constituted by the advanced degree of aging of the industrial installations and the existence of a minimum automation of the processes. This work is developed in the context of the Base Business Unit (UEB) Central Azucarero "Argeo Martínez" in the Manuel Tames municipality, Guantánamo province, in the Steam Generation area, with the objective of designing an automation system for the control of the combustion of bagasse in the steam generator of the Central Azucarero. The permanent oscillations method was used to design the pressure controller and the airflow controller. The defined control strategy is conducive to combustion control by the calorimetric method, which was verified by simulation. With the use of identification tools, the mathematical models that describe the processes of variation of steam pressure, steam flow and air flow of the bagasse boiler were obtained; vapor pressure and airflow behave as a second-order lagging model for both cases and vapor flow as a second-order lagging model with a zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent the formation or suppress the development of defects in strand-cast steel, such as center porosity, pipe segregation, and the developed dendritic structure of an ingot, and to obtain blanks and rolled metal having high-quality macrostructure, it is necessary to control the crystallization process of the continuously cast ingot. For this purpose, various external physical actions are used in the section of billet crystallization [2]. Among the most efficient and technological methods is the forced, controlled motion of a liquid phase in the crystallizing ingot, in particular, by means of electromagnetic stirring. In the article, the magnetohydrodynamic processes occurring during electromagnetic stirring of steel melt were investigated using mathematical modeling and experimental methods at laboratory installations and industrial facilities. On the basis of the research results, a comprehensive method for the design and testing of electromagnetic stirring systems for billet and bloom casters was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate the energetic, economic, and environmental performances of small-scale concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) power systems under 107 African climatic and financial zones with different energy mixes. The proposed concept focuses on small-scale installations for small- or medium-scale industrial premises as such devices are involved in the international strategy about micro-grids. Yearly average electric productions, capacity factors, economic and environmental considerations, and sensitivity were all analysed. The mathematical methodology for calculating the power of a concentrated triple-junction solar cell, the annual energy conversion of a CPV plant, the costs, and the CO 2 mitigation were assessed. The parametric study shows that the capacity factor becomes highest for a cell area of 5.5 cm2 or if the concentration ratio reaches the value of 2400. Furthermore, LCOE is lowest for Errachidia in Morocco with 15.88 c$/kWh followed by Fada in Chad with 16.82 c$/kWh, while it is highest in Wad Hajm in Sudan as 5.23 × 1016 c$/kWh. Moreover, South Africa allows the highest reduction of indirect CO 2 emissions. Furthermore, energy produced is greatest in Errachidia in Morocco (606.27 GWh), Tiaret in Tunisia (601.11 GWh), and Upington in South Africa (598.11 GWh). Results are shown on innovative GIS maps of Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise measurements of electrostatic fields in harsh environments are required in fields ranging from particle accelerators to industrial installations. Many techniques disrupt the field distribution due to the presence of conductors. We present a fully dielectric sensor for very harsh environmental conditions, that exploits the Pockels effect manifested by electro-optic crystals. This system is designed to allow DC measurements to be performed in the frequency domain. The paper discusses an analytical model and simulations of the system, validated with experimental results. The working principle of the measurement technique is explained in detail along the known limitations and possible solutions to further increase the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing worldwide costs of energy produced as a result of conventional fuel combustion, the limited capacity of the distribution grid, and the growing number of unstable installations based on renewable energy sources increase the need to implement systems of stabilization and regulate loads for end users. The battery energy storage system (BESS) that operates in the internal microgrid of an enterprise enables the management of the accumulated energy in any time zone of the day. Using a price arbitrage strategy with an electricity storage facility, we can reduce the cost of high electricity prices during peak demand periods. This study aims to determine the most effective method of setting up the capacity and electrical power of an energy storage system operating in a microgrid, in an enterprise to implement a price arbitration strategy. Such a method should include consideration of the characteristics of the demand profile of consumer systems, the charges related to electricity, and electricity storage costs. The proposed deterministic method is based on the use of a defined parameter, "marginal income elasticity". In this study, the size of energy storage refers to the power and electric capacity of BESS that are used for the implementation of the price arbitrage strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart factories in harsh large-scale environments are achieved by installation of group-based industrial wireless sensor networks (GIWSNs), in which a group of sensors are deployed on each machine target, for security and saving deployment time. In GIWSNs, enormous data for production (e.g., 3D digital twin and automated optical inspection images) and surveillance is transmitted frequently among multiple machines, and consumes huge energy. Furthermore, a real-world factory whose radio environment is interfered by mobile devices is dynamic and uncertain. Therefore, this paper investigates reliable energy-efficient routing for surveillance in dynamic uncertain GIWSNs, and further proposes a fuzzy improved global-best harmony search approach, where improved operators are integrated to efficiently explore the search space locally and globally; and a fuzzy evaluation scheme is employed to address uncertain factors. Through simulation under various parameter settings, this approach can find reliable routing in dynamic environments, and shows high performance as compared with other approaches. In addition, this approach can always find the reliable surveillance routing under various data amounts, while activating fewer crucial sensors to effectively reduce energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This paper presents a user study with industrial maintenance and installation experts of an elevator company. The results confirm that the remote training experience can be enhanced with asymmetric VR training. Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfer that results in increased efficiency and accuracy of technicians in fieldwork. However, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions made it impossible for VR training centers to operate on a full scale, forcing traditional face-to-face learning sessions to become remote. In this article, we investigate the asymmetric use of a VR training solution—among devices with different levels of immersion and control—to enrich the content of remote training sessions. The VR in this case can be seen as a source of visual and other contextual information to advance the effects of situated learning and enhance knowledge transfer. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a remote user study with ten industrial maintenance and installation experts. We also introduce the "Research Panel" tool to gather reactions of learners during the remote training session. The expert user study results demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of asymmetric VR to improve remote training sessions and other application industrial scenarios, while the "Research Panel" data provided detailed insight into the session flow. Building on the qualitative findings, we present design guidelines to aid the adoption of asymmetric VR in the industrial context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an improved monitoring and measuring system dedicated to industrial infrastructure. Our model achieves security of data by incorporating cryptographical methods and near real-time access by the use of virtual tree structure over records. The currently available blockchain networks are not very well adapted to tasks related to the continuous monitoring of the parameters of industrial installations. In the database systems delivered by default (the so-called world state), only the resultant or the last value recorded by the IoT device is stored. Effective use of measurement values recorded in the past requires each time viewing the entire chain of recorded events for a given IoT device. The solution proposed in the article introduces the concept of dependent wallets, the purpose of which is the aggregation and indexation of changes in machine parameters, recorded in the original wallets. As a result, we can easily get data from a certain sensor or sensors in the specified date range, even if the chain of transactions is very long. Our contribution is a universal mechanism that improves the efficiency of the infrastructure monitoring process, which uses blockchains to record measurements from sensors. The proposed model has been experimentally tested on two types of blockchains: Stellar and Hyperledger Fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of contemporary industrial pipeline installation, most pipelines must be cleaned before being put into use due to production and operation process requirements. This paper takes the offline trough cleaning of pipelines as the research object, and explores the evolution process of the metal microstructure under this cleaning method and the best cleaning conditions under the influence of the three factors of concentration, temperature and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposed an innovative predictive maintenance system, designated to monitor and diagnose critical electrical equipment (generally large power electric motors) within industrial electrical installations. A smart and minimally invasive system is designed and developed. Its scope is to evaluate continuously the essential operating parameters (electrical, thermal, and mechanical) of the investigated equipment. It manages to report the deviations of inspected machine operating parameters values from the rated ones. The system also suggests the potential cause of these abnormal variations along with possible means (if the defect is identified in a database, constantly updated with each appearance of a malfunction). The developed maintenance device generates an operating report of the analyzed equipment, in which the values of power quality and energy indicators are computed and interpreted. Additionally, real-time remote transmission of analyzed data is facilitated, making them accessible from any location. The proposed maintenance system is a low-cost device that is easy to install and use in comparison with similar existing devices and equipment. The designed maintenance system was tested on dedicated to low-voltage equipment up to 100 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research was limestone hydromixture consisting of particles of a mean size of 45.5 μm conveyed by water in a pipeline of a total length of 632 m. In the paper, the results of rheological measurements of tested hydromixtures after the application of deflocculant consisting of waste product from the lime production process in the form of mineral particles and commonly known dispersant were presented. Calculations of pressure drop including hydromixtures with volume concentrations in the range of 21.30–50.00%, and density ranging from 1140–1410 kg/m3 in a pipeline of 200 mm diameter are presented. A decrease in friction losses in the flow in the pipeline of hydromixtures with different mass concentrations after the addition of deflocculant was observed. The study revealed that the addition of deflocculant resulted in a reduction of friction in the pipeline, enabling the pumping of hydromixtures with twice higher solids concentrations than originated from industrial installation, with a lower volumetric flow rate. This resulted in a decrease of the power consumption of the motor driving the pump, and obtained significant energy savings in the hydromixture transport process. The maximum energy saving achieved was equal to 58%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the process of forming the wood dust filtration resistance generated during furniture production using the honeycomb board technology in a filtering installation operating in industrial conditions. The influence of the service life of the filter fabric on the filtration resistance values in industrial conditions for one installation and one type of filter fabric was analyzed. For this purpose, filter bags made of one type of filter material were used in an industrial filtering installation at four different times. The results were compared to those previously obtained at the same factory but with a different filter bag type. The analysis was based on the changes in the flow resistance of clean and dust-laden air through the filter fabric used at various times in the filtering installation of the narrow-surface treatment line in a furniture factory. This allowed for the determination of the dynamics and nature of changes in filtration resistance in industrial conditions for wood dust. The values of the dust resistance coefficient depend on the operating time and increased to the level of 20594 [s−1] for material A and from 6412.031 [s−1] to 10128.94 [s−1] for material B. The dimensional characteristics of the filtered dust and the technological conditions under which it was generated were also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In high-power industrial installations, instead of a single shunt active harmonic filter (SAHF), parallel-connected multiple modular units of SAHF having lower current rating are generally preferred. In order to ensure that these modules share the compensating current in proportion to their individual current ratings, an intermodular communication network is generally being employed. This intermodular communication network reduces the overall reliability of the system, and it can be avoided if every individual module can autonomously estimate the compensating current to be shared by it. In case of voltage-source inverters operating in parallel, a droop-based current control scheme is generally employed to achieve the aforesaid requirement. However, in the SAHF, the inverters are operated in the current control mode, and hence, the existing droop-based control scheme needs appropriate modification. In this article, a modified droop-based scheme is proposed for a multimodular SAHF operating in the current control mode. The principle of operation of the proposed control scheme and its detailed mathematical analysis are presented. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by performing detailed simulation studies. A laboratory prototype having two SAHF modules, each having a VA rating of 30 kVA, is fabricated. Detailed experimental studies are carried out utilizing the laboratory prototype to confirm the viability of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, the challenges of sustainable development in the operational safety of industrial systems continue to grow and increase, given the increasing complexity of these industrial installations. Through the recurrent development of better competitive performance in terms of quality, productivity, flexibility, robustness, and environmental impacts, which is essential in order to offer even more suitable and more accurate solutions to monitoring issues. Methods: In order to avoid the dangers that may arise because of the risks and dysfunctional faults of these systems, these risks require mastery of the monitoring systems inherent in this equipment. This work proposes an original approach to gas turbine monitoring, based on the concept of fuzzy logic, with practical implementations of this diagnosis strategy for vibration faults of this rotating machine. Results: The proposed approach makes it possible to monitor the efficiency of the studied gas turbine in real-time and for substantial and substantive improvement in the operation of this turbine and to achieve the objectives in terms of operational safety and in terms of solutions' costs implemented for this type of machine. To this end, first fuzzy models associated with real behavior models of the examined turbine variables are developed, to identify and model the gas turbine dynamics used in a gas transport facility at Hassi R'Mel in southern Algeria, based on a fuzzy approach using experimental operating data from the rotating machine, in order to approximate the variables of this nonlinear system in the form of fuzzy rules and variables. Then, the fault diagnosis strategy of this turbine based on the generation of fault residues is carried out and tested in the presence and absence of disturbances, to validate the effectiveness of this fuzzy approach in terms of sensitivity and robustness of detection, location, and identification of faults. Conclusion: This work shows the efficiency and robustness of the fuzzy gas turbine faults detection strategy and improves the operation of this turbine. Likewise, has increased turbine work time, minimized downtime, and reduced the frequency of unscheduled downtime of this rotating machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study specifies the value of the dust resistance coefficient in the process of wood dust filtration in a pilot-scale test stand. The experiments were carried out for one type of filter material—polyester with a PP film previously used in different production lines. Filter bags from the filtering installation of the processing line for narrow surfaces of furniture panels of the honeycomb structure with a chipboard frame, HDF, natural veneer cladding, and a line of CNC drilling machines, were taken into account. Before the pilot-scale tests, the bags had been in use in industrial installations from zero to nine months. All tests were performed under identical filtration conditions. The values of the dust resistance coefficient depend on the operating time and the conditions in which filtration is carried out in an industrial plant, and increased from 6507 s−1 to 10,208 s−1 for the bags from the filter of the narrow surfaces processing line and to 29,729 s−1 for the bags from the filter of the drilling line. The most important factor influencing the properties of the filter bag in the process of wood dust filtration in an industrial filter is the cleaning pulses frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a magnetic field on the crystallisation and morphology of CaCO3 in solution was investigated in the 25–80 °C temperature range. The samples were analysed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM analysis and quantitative analysis based on the Rietveld method. It was demonstrated that the magnetic field, which varied from 50 to 175 mT, had an impact on the polymorphs selectivity and their proportions and on the morphology and the sizes of the CaCO3 particles. It also reduced the overall precipitation rate of CaCO3 minerals in the solution. SEM images showed that the magnetic field modifies the shape of the rhombs of calcite as reflected by the destruction of the particles at 25 and 50 °C with a considerable decrease in their size at 80 °C. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a magnetic field in reducing the adhesion of calcite to surfaces and thus its possible application in limiting the formation of scale in industrial installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industrial installations, the piezoelectric sensor plays a very important role in the monitoring of electromechanical systems and the detection of their early defects. Modeling is the mathematical presentation of the operating principle of the piezoelectric sensor, it allows to transform this principle to equations, these equations allow to improve the performances of this sensor and to propose new designs. In this work, the effects of piezoelectric materials are explained and the piezoelectric sensor is described. The physical behavior of the sensor is modeled and extracted a formula relates the accuracy as a function of relative movement (vibratory displacement). The model developed is validated by simulation and by experimental tests and the appropriate choice of the damping rate makes it possible to improve the parameters of the piezoelectric sensor and to progress the vibratory analysis technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are different types of software resources—which in many cases favor a reduction in learning time—there are not too many options to develop a training simulator designed according to some particular real equipment. The case of the Engineering Equation Software is an effective tool that improves the learning of thermodynamics and the understanding of real thermodynamic cycles. In the present paper, an original programming procedure to improve the learning process of Marine Engineering students at the University of A Coruña (UDC) is shown. In particular, to test this learning procedure, an Operator Training Simulator is done by 117 students by the fusion of the contents of two subjects of the "Degree in Marine Technologies" of the UDC. The main advantage that this personalized simulator presents is confronting problems derived from equipment operation, thereby proving the necessary knowledge in operation based on the thermodynamic phenomena. The results showed that students who were trained with simulators showed a better understanding of the knowledge obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction machines (IMs) are essential components of many industrial installations and, therefore, their faults must be detected early. Fault detection using current spectrum analysis is attracting an increasing interest as a condition-based monitoring (CBM) technique. However, its use to detect rotor asymmetries in high-power IMs, which operate at very low slip, is particularly challenging, due to the closeness of the characteristic fault harmonics to the fundamental component, separated only a few MHz. Their reliable detection in harsh industrial environments requires a very high spectral resolution, that is, long acquisition times and a huge number of current samples, which hinders its implementation on embedded, online devices with limited computing resources. To address this problem, this article presents a novel combination of diagnostic techniques, the use of the rectified current as diagnostic signal, and the Goertzel algorithm as signal processing tool. This unique combination allows for an optimized implementation of the Goertzel algorithm, which provides a high spectral resolution in the full load range of the machine, with a low computational cost and a negligible memory footprint. This proposal is validated experimentally with the fault diagnosis of a high-power medium-voltage industrial motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious consequences of the accidents that have occurred in industrial or service installations in recent years (leaks of toxic or flammable substances, fires, and explosions) have established that people, material and environment close to the vicinity of an establishment where hazardous substances are used, processed, transported or stored are subject to greater risks of accidents. The most important aspect is to decide what type and level of risk one is willing to accept in exchange for the economic and social benefits that these facilities represent, for which it is first necessary to identify and evaluate the risks that these facilities represent for the vulnerable elements located in their interior and exterior environment, and based on this, to define the preventive and mitigation protection (safety) measures that must be implemented or reinforced so that the risk levels correspond to those accepted by society. The objective of this work is to describe the main characteristics and limitations of the most commonly used predictive study methods in any of the life stages of the installation under study: design, construction, modification, or operation. It is recommended to use in risk studies the qualitative HAZOP method in processes of any level of complexity, the quantitative ACAF method for complex processes, and the Bow-Tie method when the analysis is focused on determining the efficiency and inadequacy of the control barriers. At the same time, the need for the multidisciplinary team performing the risk assessment to include people with knowledge of both the study methods to be used and the processes to be studied is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The front-end hydrogenation of acetylene catalyst PEC-21 independently developed by PetroChina has been operated in the 460 X 10³ t/a unit of the Lanzhou Petrochemical Plant for 11 months. The effects of complex cracking materials, high C4 's content and fluctuations in space velocity on the performance of the catalyst were analyzed. Industrial application results showed that PEC-21 catalyst had good space velocity adaptability and C4 es adaptability, and could fully meet the operation conditions of the industrial installation. The acetylene average conversion rate, ethylene selectivity, MAPD conversion rate, and propylene selectivity reached 52.3%, 90.4%, 12.9% and 95.2%. respectively after it had been operating continuously for 11 months. And for one year of operation, the temperature increased from 61-63 t to 68.8 t, with the temperature rising of about 6.6 t. The performance of the catalyst was much better than that of the imported catalyst in the same period and could meet the requirements of stable operation of the unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]