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The issue of race and power in “The Secret Integration” requires re‐examination. Politically oriented readers have characterized the plot as forms of alignment with racism and segregation, whereas readers focusing on the esthetics and development of the authorship have to some degree recognized the role of the counternarrative in this early short story. What is at stake in the debate is the function of Pynchon's textual strategies of ambiguity and unreliable narration, and the significance of the text in relation to the wider authorship. This essay maintains that the story signals counternarratives to systemic racism and power on the plot, discourse, and thematic level. Pynchon's text not only makes resistance to racist and segregationist worldviews a prominent feature of the discourse and the reading process but also locates tension between openness and narrow‐mindedness among the main characters, at the thematic and plot levels. This essay demonstrates how “The Secret Integration” moves from modes of non‐conformism so prevalent in Pynchon's early short stories to a mode of counterhistory of fundamental importance to the later work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the lesser-known short story "In the Avu Observatory" by H. G. Wells, which contains meaningful allusions to Shakespeare's Hamlet. The protagonist, Woodhouse, encounters a mysterious and violent creature in a remote observatory in Borneo, leading to a brutal and transformative struggle reminiscent of Hamlet's own trials. Through these allusions, Wells adds depth and resonance to the story, highlighting themes of existential change and enlightenment in the face of the unknown. The narrative culminates in a climactic encounter that leaves Woodhouse forever changed, echoing Hamlet's own journey of self-discovery and acceptance of life's mysteries. [Extracted from the article]

Conservation havens free of invasive predators are increasingly relied upon for fauna conservation, although havened populations can lose anti‐predator traits, likely making them less suitable for life 'beyond the fence'. Sustaining low levels of mammalian predator pressure inside havens may prevent the loss of anti‐predator traits from havened populations. We opportunistically compared behavioural and morphological anti‐predator traits between four woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) populations– one haven isolated from all mammalian predators, one haven containing a native mammalian predator (chuditch; Dasyurus geoffroii), and their respective non‐havened counterparts (each containing both chuditch and invasive predators). Havened woylies existing without mammalian predators were smaller (shorter hindfeet, smaller body weight) and less reactive (consumed more food from fox‐treated and control feeding stations, less agitated during human handling) than a non‐havened reference population. However, in the haven containing chuditch, we found no difference in behaviour or morphology compared to the adjacent non‐havened population. Across populations, anti‐predator responses tended to appear stronger at sites with higher predator activity, suggestive of an adaptive response across a gradient of predation pressure. Our findings suggest that maintaining mammalian predation pressure in conservation havens could be effective for preventing or slowing the loss of anti‐predator traits from these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on journey by bullet train through northeastern China, comparing the rapid modernization of the region with Annie Dillard's contemplative approach to life. Topics include historical and cultural significance of the Dongbei region, the impact of industrialization and modernization in China; and the relevance of Dillard's philosophy of innocence and concentration in a rapidly changing society.

This article examines how participants enrolled in teacher education and childhood studies courses represented their understandings of childhood through a selection of artefacts discussed in focus groups at four sites: Montréal, New York City, Ottawa, and Toronto. To situate our inquiry, we theorise nostalgia in relationship to the construction of childhood innocence, with a focus on children's everyday objects and playthings in upholding this ideal. We further trace the construction of innocence to discourses of social exclusion and defences against difficulty. While participants used their artefacts to represent personal memories and social contexts that disrupted an idealised category of childhood, they also returned to a nostalgic trope of innocence, which was particularly pronounced in their understandings of childhood under COVID-19. We advocate for the creation of time and space for prospective and practicing teachers to mourn the idealisation of innocence and to examine the unequal conditions of vulnerability that both children and teachers live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a discussion about the concept of innocence in social justice contexts, particularly in relation to abolitionist movements.

This article revaluates Stuart Hall's influential essay "New Ethnicities" for the study of diaspora screen media. In "New Ethnicities", published in 1988, Hall famously declares that we have reached the "end of innocence", having identified a shift in how race was then being articulated in the work of a new generation of British-born black and Asian film-makers. However, while Hall was excited by the promise of these new ethnicities, this article argues that there has been a shift back to the previous state of innocence, a consequence of racial neo-liberalism and the emergence of "diversity" discourse. The remainder of the article examines the implications of this reversal for research on the representation of race. While Hall's optimism may have been premature, the article argues that "New Ethnicities" nonetheless contains a mode of critical enquiry that is crucial to our understanding of contemporary diaspora screen media in this moment of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically engages with the Canadian framing of settler colonial/decolonial politics in terms of guilt and innocence. I argue that centring innocence, even as something to be snatched away from settlers, as with the theorization of settler moves to innocence, can corrupt the practice of moral responsibility. Furthermore, I argue that the desire for and expectation of innocence, in the face of structural injustices such as settler colonialism, are illusionary and that complicity is widespread. In contrast, I follow Iris Marion Young's focus on political responsibility, but I argue that public collective actions need not be as centred as she suggests. Given the nature of settler colonialism and of coloniality, I argue for the acknowledgment of the political significance of daily individual acts and for the cultivation of dispositions that disrupt unjust structures, such as a disposition to transgress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Being the Difference" recounts the author's personal experience of losing their mother to cancer and the impact it had on their medical school journey. The author reflects on the emotional challenges of grief, the struggle to balance studying for exams with personal loss, and the transformative effect of caring for patients facing end-of-life decisions. Through poignant encounters with patients, the author learns the importance of treating individuals as people first, not just medical cases, and strives to embody compassion and empathy in their future medical career. [Extracted from the article]

Shakespeare's Henry VI trilogy is jam-packed with spectacle: heads are severed and made to kiss, women dress as men and lead armies, ghosts predict the future, and a plethora of miracles take place all over the various locales we visit across fifteen acts. In fact, if "faith is... the evidence of things not seen," as asserted by the author of Hebrews, then the Henry VI plays are entirely devoid of faith, by the merit of bringing miraculous events from the realm of faith into the realm of observational knowledge. Of note, then, is the fact that the trilogy depicts Henry as a weak king whose main virtue is his commitment to his faith. Compared to other kings in Shakespearean history plays, Henry is almost-constantly referencing the spiritual world, and the world he lives in is so full of miraculous happenings that miracles themselves run the risk of becoming banal. Perhaps surprisingly, given the trilogy's thematic investment in miracles and spirituality, the English are defined in the plays as destroying or debunking miraculous spectacles. From Gloucester outsmarting Simpcox in his feigned healing to the putting-down of two witches (Joan in 1 Henry VI and Margery Jourdain in 2 Henry VI), it seems that, despite Henry's incredible devotion, his courtiers raise skepticism to the level of modus operandi. In this essay, I hope to examine the way that the second Henriad depicts a version of England that places logic and skepticism in the seat of faith, while its ruler's faith is often both uninterrogated and misplaced. Shakespeare stages a teleology of spectacle that highlights English faithlessness as a source of internecine struggle and insurrection, while also cautioning against naivete in the face of canny nemeses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centering on the symbolic meanings of unintended work-related scars in occupational settings, this article examines how in certain professions scars produced through painful mistakes are leveraged into workplace advantage. This finding—derived from body-anchored interviews with commercial chefs and cooks (n = 50) and embodied ethnography of a casual restaurant-bar in the USA—is counterintuitive, as scars acquired from error conventionally represent failure, naivete, or lack of skill. This paradox hinges on the values of the macro-level cultures and idiocultures of particular workspaces. In the context of commercial kitchen culture, where stoic suffering is prized, physical marks from injuries that are then expounded upon by corporeal storytelling and other forms of cultural bodily markings challenge conventional notions and become advantageous and meaning-laden. Ultimately, this article expands the understanding of the uses of unintentional scars within the framework of workplace idiocultures through an intimate, embodied lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause promotes "the protection of innocence." Topics include abridges the Confrontation Clause entitlement by constricting the rights of criminal defendants in the context of codefendant confessions at joint trials; and district court required that additional modifications be made to the statement in an effort to ensure conformity with Bruton.

This paper examines a high-profile debate on whether in vitro (or as referred to in the debate, cell-based) meat is good for animals. The debate is structured to present the "pro" and "con" sides to this resolve. This debate and its subsequent analysis herein illuminates tensions within the animal rights movement concerning effective tactics, and highlights main arguments for and against in vitro meat. This paper analyses both sides' arguments, justifications given, and how both sides engage with each other. The debate is framed in terms of vegan activist tactics. Discourses concerning these tactics are drawn out in terms of how each side views their own reasoning and the other side's. Evidence for three subsets of differences is presented: (1) a small-scale vs. large-scale perspective (2) variety of activist tactics vs. fundamentalist veganism, and (3) anger vs. naivete. Overall, two drastically differing discourses are found to be reflective of reformist versus a radical orientation towards animal rights and veganism generally. The debate over IVM has somewhat split the vegan community and this paper shows how so and along what lines, and the discourses that have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU's investment screening mechanism (ISM) has been a prime example of the unilateral turn in EU trade and investment policy and of a broader global trend of a rise in ISMs. Being a champion of market liberalization and open investment regimes, however, for the EU to introduce a regulatory barrier to cross-border capital flows is particularly remarkable. This contribution argues that conceptually, ISMs may be understood as exposing a problem of trust in international relations (IR) and that a greatly consequential, if not decisive, underlying factor affecting both the introduction and usage of the EU ISM has been the level of trust between the EU and the People's Republic of China. The introduction of the EU ISM is a symptom of mistrust in EU-China relations in its legislative form, and a test of trust in its individual decisions at Member State (MS) level. Discussing the above, the article aims to fulfil two objectives. First, it demonstrates how the concept of trust can illustrate the genesis and later the functioning of the EU ISM. Secondly, it explores what legal tools may be adopted to either rebuild trust or to render trust inessential by curtailing the security vulnerabilities which require it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the contested politics of punk. Against the reactionary trend to accept the ephemerality of punk as evidence of its obvious failure, its political naivete and subsequent recuperation, I defend the continuing relevance of punk precisely as a political project. Identified as an event in Badiou's sense, punk erupts spontaneously in parallel with complementary European resistance movements and, for a brief incandescent moment, convulses history, placing all criteria of meaning and value in question. So, even if it 'disappeared just as quickly', punk survives its transience through people who, haunted by its emancipatory promise and radicalized by its 'aesthetics of resistance', are motivated to 'a new way of being' in its memory. Channelling the late Mark Fisher (aka k-punk), this article recovers the lost politics of punk, invoking its fidelity to social transformation through autonomous cultural practice to fulfil its revolutionary promise. The argument concludes that, far from an exhausted 'musical genre', the event of punk remains efficacious precisely because it is not reducible to any of its actual historical iterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myanmar has more child soldiers than any other country but the literature on this subject disregards their experiences. I analyse a first-hand account of child-soldiering in 2014 in the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), a non-state armed group in Kachin State, to understand motivations for associating with the armed group as well as the lived experience of being a child soldier. I critique claims made in the literature for their failure to appreciate agency and volition and positive experiences in accounts of passivity, innocence, and suffering. Most pertinently, the case study reveals ethnic heterogeneity and ethnicisation, challenging the portrayal of the KIA as an ethnic militia exclusively advocating for Kachin people, and bringing into question politicised ethnicity as the primary lens through which conflict in Myanmar is conventionally viewed. The limitations of Western child rights-based approaches in leveraging culturally sensitive analyses are also considered. This nuanced view of child-soldiering is a corrective to top-down political approaches to deciphering Myanmar's conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Model Penal Code's 'De Minimis' provisions (§ 2.12) cover different kinds of case in which, for reasons of equity, a prosecution should be dismissed. An exploration of these different cases illuminates some general issues about the structure of the criminal process, and about the processes of criminalization. These include the significance of the difference between dismissing a case and acquitting the defendant, and of the distinction between offences and defences; whether criminal offences should always be so defined that they specify at least a pro tanto wrong, or may sometimes legitimately specify only a prima facie wrong – and whether this is consistent with the presumption of innocence; what kinds of conduct we can properly be expected to answer for in a criminal court; and the proper division of responsibilities between legislatures, prosecutors and courts in determining what kinds of conduct are to be defined and treated as criminal wrongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low demand for pure commitment in real markets presents a puzzle. A possible explanation is that individuals are unaware of their present bias and their need for commitment. I test the relationship between perceived intertemporal inconsistency and demand for commitment in a novel context, volunteering. I run an experiment that successfully corrects subjects' beliefs about their present bias and find that this increased awareness does not increase demand for commitment. This low demand for commitment is not driven by a perceived lack of present bias, but rather subjects' accurate belief that they may fail to follow through, even with the offered level of commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across decades, science educators have invested in curricula that presume scientific unity. The phrases "habits of mind, scientific method, processes of science, inquiry skills, nature of science, practices of science" reflect this obsession. However, historians look with skepticism at universal notions of science and endorse truth‐seeking circumscribed by context. Indeed, inadequate appreciation of diversity may lead to the mistrust of disciplines that appear to depart from simplistic notions of "the" scientific method and thus imperil the political will to search for solutions to the problems of climate change, extinction and environmental degradation, and global pandemic. Accordingly, science educators stand at a crossroads. They can choose to reinforce scientific naivete by following the long‐standing quest for unity among the sciences as guidance for what to teach, or they may accept the disunity of disciplines, teach the value of diverse sciences to solve societal problems and cultivate trust in appropriate responses to distinct challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proclaiming 'every generation has its Winnetou', German network RTL ushered in the return of Winnetou to German television in 2016 with a big‐budget film trilogy, Winnetou – Der Mythos Lebt. This article analyses the Winnetou film trilogy in dialogue with Karl May's original 1893 novels and the 1960s West German westerns using the concepts of settler time and white innocence. It brings a critical focus on race that is lacking in much existing scholarship on May, showing how whiteness functions in the Winnetou franchise as a structuring principle. In the new Winnetou, the blood brotherhood between the white German Old Shatterhand and the Mescalero Apache Winnetou becomes a way of forging connections not only across cultures but across temporal lines, allowing for the imposition of settler time onto Indigenous persons and the erasure of Indigenous sovereignty and survival in order to centre a narrative of German innocence and reinscribe fantasies of white conquest in the American West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That is the way I think of your work, Tim. You are a force, Tim, an industry (as your voluminous writings and 75,000 + citations on Google Scholar attest), and forces deserve to be reckoned with. 6 Howes D (2022) The Sensory Studies Manifesto: Tracking the Sensorial Revolution in the Arts and Human Sciences. "In defense of materiality" is a spin-off of my work writing I The Sensory Studies Manifesto i . [Extracted from the article]

Innocent subjects who are knowledgeable of crime‐related information will often be misclassified as "guilty" in P300‐based complex trial protocol (CTP). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more rigorous CTP that can effectively discriminate the guilty from both the knowledgeable and the unknowledgeable innocents. Sometimes the guilty and the knowledgeable innocents possess the same item memories but different source memories. The present study designed a novel item‐source complex trial protocol based on the differences of source memory among the three kinds of individuals. Either the crime‐related probe (e.g., the stolen ring) or one of the crime‐unrelated stimuli (e.g., watch, earring, bracelet, or bangle) (item memory) was presented in the first part of each trail, and either a stealing‐source word (e.g., stole) or other‐source word (e.g., fetched) (source memory) was presented in the second part of each trail. The results showed that: (1) the P300 evoked by item memory could effectively discriminated the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.76) but failed to effectively discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.60); (2) the late positive component evoked by source memory could effectively discriminated the guilty from both the knowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.94) and the unknowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.84) in one test. Our study develops a novel item‐source CTP (complex trial protocol) which can effectively discriminate the guilty from both the knowledgeable and the unknowledgeable innocents, expanding the potential application field of the CTP. This paradigm played an important role in ascertaining a suspect soon and raising the level of law‐enforcement and judicature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From his verse epistles and libertine poems to his religious polemic and sermons, John Donne routinely invokes the Native peoples of the Americas as exemplars of innocence. Donne's understanding of Native peoples' innocence was influenced by the Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas's treatise Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias , widely read in its English translation, The Spanish Colonie. Las Casas characterizes the Native peoples of the Americas as innately weak, docile, and obedient to argue that they are innocents and that Spanish colonial policy is unlawful; meanwhile, he depicts Spaniards as exceptionally cruel and prone to commit acts of arbitrary violence. Las Casas's depiction of Spain as malicious and the Spaniard as intemperate underwrote English views that Spain's military and colonial dominance was illegitimate. Many scholars cite Donne's references to Amerindians as vulnerable and innocent as evidence that he read Las Casas and shared the friar's compassion for the Amerindians. Donne makes further use of Native innocence, however, as he figuratively identifies his various literary personae as themselves the victims of Spanish violence and the objects of sympathy by comparing them to the Amerindians. Donne holds up Native peoples' perceived qualities of innocence—freedom from sin, criminal blamelessness, childlike ignorance, and sexual (in)experience—as desirable qualities that the English should cultivate to remain spiritually and criminally blameless, unlike Spaniards, as they undertake colonial adventures. Donne's literary invocation of innocence is invariably bound up with the English colonial project. His works encouraged their various audiences, including members of the Virginia Company, to consider Amerindians' perceived embodied innocence in relation to their own pursuit of innocence as a behavioral and spiritual virtue that could advance their colonial objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the principle of innocence in Ecuador has irregularities since there has been an abuse of preventive detention, violating the constitutional and normative principle of the presumption of innocence. The justification for the preventive detention lies in the alleged need to ensure the accused's appearance. This turns this form of insurance into an early conviction because by proving his innocence at the hearing, the accused has already been unjustly deprived of his freedom, which leads him to suffer another series of damages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the subject to determine how to achieve its proper application. Thus, the main objective of this research is to analyze the legal panorama on the adequate application of the principle of innocence. For this, the neutrosophic Iadov method was applied to measure satisfaction with the regulatory legislation to determine an action plan for its correct application with the use of neutrosophic cognitive maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, a growing number of countries have adopted new laws and other mechanisms to address a gap in national criminal legal systems: the absence of meaningful procedures to raise post-conviction claims of factual innocence. These legal and policy reforms have responded to a global surge of exonerations facilitated by the growth of national innocence organizations that increasingly collaborate across borders. It is striking that these developments have occurred with little direct help from international law. Although many treaties recognize extensive fair trial and appeal rights, no international human rights instrument--in its text, existing interpretation, or implementation--explicitly and fully recognizes the right to assert a claim of factual innocence. We label this omission international law's innocence gap. The gap appears increasingly anomalous given how foundational innocence protection has become at the national level, as well as international law's longstanding commitment to the presumption of innocence, fair trial, and other criminal process guarantees. We argue the time has come to close this innocence gap by recognizing a new international human right to assert post-trial claims of factual innocence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often argued that people might take on too much high-cost debt because they are present focused and/or over-optimistic about how soon they will repay. We measure borrowers' present focus and over-optimism using an experiment with a large payday lender. Although the most inexperienced quartile of borrowers under-estimate their likelihood of future borrowing, the more experienced three quartiles predict correctly on average. This finding contrasts sharply with priors we elicited from 103 payday lending and behavioural economics experts, who believed that the average borrower would be highly overoptimistic about getting out of debt. Borrowers are willing to pay a significant premium for an experimental incentive to avoid future borrowing, which we show implies that they perceive themselves to be time inconsistent. We use borrowers' predicted behaviour and valuation of the experimental incentive to estimate a model of present focus and naivete. We then use the model to study common payday lending regulations. In our model, banning payday loans reduces welfare relative to existing regulation, while limits on repeat borrowing might increase welfare by inducing faster repayment that is more consistent with long-run preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naïve realism is the view that veridical experiences are fundamentally relations of acquaintance to external objects and their features, and multidisjunctivism is the conjunction of naïve realism and the view that hallucinatory experiences don't share a common fundamental kind. Multidisjunctivism allegedly removes the screening-off worry over naïve realism, and the relevant literature suggests that multidisjunctivism is one of the naïve realist responses to the worry. The present paper argues that the multidisjunctive solution is implicitly changing the subject, so the impression that the multidisjunctivist is addressing the screening-off problem is illusory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Her first name was actually Doris, but she refuses to tell people that. I'm not sure at first of the specific brand of my house moths, but research and visual identification suggest they are the common brown house moth, which are known to lay up to 660 eggs in a mating cycle. Once my house moths lay eggs, and those eggs hatch, milky-white larvae - tiny caterpillars with tiny tan heads - emerge and climb up and down walls or squeeze between towel folds or float in pet bowls of water. No tiny worm bodies or winged moths mating - stillness. [Extracted from the article]