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Background: To find out the suitable integrated nutrient management (INM) package for successful black gram production and to investigate the application of INM on growth, yield, quality and nutrient content of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20, the experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept having three factors viz, three fertility levels (75%, 100% and 125% RDF), two FYM level (control and 5 ton FYM ha-1) and three biofertilizers level (Rhizobium, LMn16 and Rhizobium + LMn16) was applied to the variety MU-2 (Mukundra Urad 2). Result: The results indicated that application of higher fertility level like 125% RDF significantly increased all the yield parameters, nutrient content and uptake. Similarly, all the yield parameters, nutrient content and uptake significantly increased under application of FYM (5 ton ha-1) and bio fertilizer (Rhizobium+LMn16) over control plot and sole application of Rhizobium and LMn16 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-year multi-location trial on the farmer's field was conducted in West Bengal, India to evaluate the impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) on the performance of kharif rice cv. Swarna Sub 1. The experiment employed a randomized block design (RBD) across eleven farmers' fields with similar soil properties, texture, topography, and historical fertilizer application patterns. Three treatments were tested: T1 – common practice of applying N:P:K @ 55:32:27 kg ha−1, T2 – soil test-based application (STA) of ∼75% recommended N dose through chemical fertilizer + ∼ 25% through Azolla, and T3 – soil test-based application of ∼ 75% recommended N dose through chemical fertilizer + 20% N from vermi-compost + 5% N through Azolla. The result of the experiment revealed that the T3 exhibited significant improvements in plant height, leaf area index (LAI), effective tillers meter−2, number of panicles plant−1, and 1000-grain weight compared to T2 and T1. Among the different nutrient management practices, the T3 recorded maximum rice grain productivity than the T1, and T2, Further, the benefit-cost ratio was noticed significantly higher under T3 (1.29) followed by T2 (1.27) and T1 (1.23). The soil organic carbon (SOC), available nutrient was enhanced by the soil test-based application of ∼75% recommended N dose through chemical fertilizer + 20% N from vermicompost + 5% N through Azolla. Thus, our study indicated that the balanced nutrient application through combined sources (T3) could improve crop growth; and sustain rice productivity, besides enhancing the farm income, and soil different soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of intensive farming, the INM system is now essential, due to the high cost of chemical fertilizers, unbalanced NPK use and deterioration of soil health and to minimize health hazards. The present experiment has been planned at Lucknow subtropical area with a sandy loam less fertile soil with higher pH of around 8.2. It has 10 treatments (Control 100% RDF, 100% FYM, 100% PSB, 75% NPK + 25% FYM, 50% NPK + 50% FYM, 25% NPK + 75% FYM, 75% NPK + 25% PSB, 50% NPK + 50% PSB, 25% NPK + 75% PSB) laid out at RBD with three replication. Seeds of onion variety Agrifound Light Red were treated with 0.02% thiram to check the infection of damping off and seedlings were transplanted after seven weeks at 20 cm × 10 cm spacing on 1m × 1m plot accommodating 45 plants in a plot. The results revealed that among the various treatments, the application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM showed better vegetative growth, bulb yield, and improved bulb physico-chemical quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmentally sustainable maize cultivation is essential to optimise its growth and yield potential for global food security as a key goal in sustainable agriculture. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), when coupled with silicon (Si) supplementation, has gained attention for its potential to improve crop productivity. This study investigates the impact of INM practices enriched with silicon on maize morphology and physiology changes, with a particular focus on increasing light interception (f) and Plant solar energy conversion efficiency (P-SECE) or the commons term called RUE. Experiments were conducted during the wet season of December 2022 to March 2023 in Triguna Abadi Grower group's Field Trial Center, Sukorambi Village, Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Two corn varieties which one is hybrid (P5027) and the other open pollinated (Lamuru) were cultivated using conventional chemical fertilizer and combined with the sole of INM and Si as well as INM+Si under a split plot design. The results showed that INM+Si significantly changed the morpho-physiological characteristics of plants so that the canopy architecture was ideal for increasing light interception in the vegetative phase by up to 3,23% compared to conventional fertilisation. In general, the INM, Si, and INM+Si fertilization methods were able to increase interception and photosynthetic efficiency compared to conventional fertilization, which had a positive impact on P-SECE levels till 1,66-2,36% and plant growth which illustrated an increase in dry weight up to 47,45%. Meanwhile, P5027, which has a more ideal canopy architecture than Lamuru, has relatively better interception efficiency, P-SECE, and growth. Significant findings related to sustainable agriculture are that Si fertilisation has a better macro-nutrient balance illustrated by the N/P ratio at 8.75. The increase in interception efficiency, RUE, and macro-nutrient balance due to the INM with Si Based fertilisation method led to increased plant growth and yield that support food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment to standardise the nutrient management practice in pigeon pea (APK1) was conducted in randomised block design with eight treatments comprising of different nutrient sources and methods of application, at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram. Significant variations were recorded in growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake and protein content of seeds. The treatment involving application of 100 % N + 50 % P + 50 % K + P solubiliser + K solubiliser in soil resulted in the significantly tallest plants (109.70 cm) and maximum number of branches per plant (6.5) at harvest, average pod weight (0.62 g) and seed yield (1.48 t ha-1). Seed protein content was also maximum in the treatment, indicating that the integrated package of 100 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen and substitution of 50 per cent each of phosphorus and potassium with P solubiliser (Bacillus megaterium) and K solubiliser (Bacillus sporothermodurans) can be recommended for pigeon pea cultivation in the southern laterites of Kerala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2023, rice production reached 523.9 million tons, making it the fourth most produced crop globally. Accounting for 14% of global fertilizer use, the demand for rice continues to increase. However, the unbalanced application of NPK fertilizers poses significant environmental risks. An integrated nutrient management approach, combining organic and inorganic sources, offers a cost-effective solution to meet crop nutritional needs while enhancing soil health. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during kuruvai (June-September) 2023 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures along with foliar zinc sulphate on the yield and yield components in lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments. These treatments included different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate. The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100 % P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and also yield parameters viz., number of productive tillers m-2, number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae), a local endemic plant of Crete (Greece), creates polysaccharide-containing subcuticular compartments presenting biological activity against phytopathogenic fungi, and, among others, significantly affects the fungal cell wall polysaccharides. This field study introduces a fertilization scheme for O. dictamnus, which was developed and refined to optimize the yield as well as critical herbal quality aspects. Five fertilization schemes were investigated, based on a polysaccharide-based Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), a mixture of conventional inorganic fertilizers (ChF) and two biostimulants (not algae) via foliar and soil application. Plant growth, together with leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and color (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were determined. The leaf content of chlorophyll, three critical antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols) and nutrients were also assessed. Considering all three antioxidants together, the enhanced efficiency, non-toxic, water-soluble, polysaccharide-based INM by foliar application was the most stimulatory scheme, playing an important role in plant growth and development. The present field study provides, for the first time, baseline fertilization data improving key herbal quality features in O. dictamnus and unravels the attainment of high antioxidant properties. The latter may be exploited in favor of its further utilization as a raw material for tea preparation, medicinal purposes, natural food flavoring and/or food preservative.

The present investigation was conducted to develop a sustainable INM package for economical production China aster crop under high hill condition of Uttarakhand. The experiment was conducted at Floriculture farm, COH, VCSG, UUHF, Bhrasar from March to September 2022. The treatments were 12, replicate thrice in Randomized Complete Block Design. The results showed that maximum plant spread (22.86 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (219.33), leaf area (38.56 cm²), earliness in days taken to 1st bud appearance and flower opening (68.630 and 82.707days, respectively) and maximum flowering duration (23.430 days) were recorded in T7 (50% RDF + 25% FYM + 25% Vermicompost + Azotobacter (5 mL L-1)). However, maximum number of flowers plant-1 and plot-1 (36.80 and 441.53, respectively), stalk length (38.40 cm), flower diameter (7.26 cm), individual flower weight (3.86 g), flower yield plant-1 and bed-1 (142.89 g and 1.71 kg), seed yield plant-1 (3.330 g) and test weight (2.477 g), shelf and vase life (4.50 and 12.300 days, respectively) and C:B from flowers (1: 2.19) were recorded from the plants grown in plots applied with T8 (50% RDF + 25% FYM + 25% Neem cake + Azotobacter (5 mL L-1)). So, from the present investigation it can be concluded that treatment T8 was found effective in economical production of China aster cv Kamini under high hill condition of Uttarakhand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of different nutrient management strategies on the growth, yield, and quality of fodder oats. The study found that using a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc content and uptake in the oats. The treatment with 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + farmyard manure (FYM) at 10.0 t/ha + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at 12.5 kg/ha resulted in the highest crude protein content. However, the treatments had a negative effect on crude fiber content. Overall, the study concluded that the 75% RDF + FYM at 10.0 t/ha + PSB + ZnSO4 at 12.5 kg/ha treatment led to significantly higher nutrient content, crude protein content, and crude fiber yield in oat fodder. [Extracted from the article]

Integrated nutrient management (INM) practices and suitable cropping systems are an effective and promising way for enhancing crop productivity. However, the impact of proper INM practices and cultivation methods in rice cropping systems in dry tracts remains unclear. The field study evaluated the suitable cropping system under different rice establishment methods with INM practices in a sequential cropping system(rice-black gram, rice-maize, and rice-groundnut). Treatments were designed as two rice establishment methods [Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) and Transplanted Rice (TPR)] and five INM practices [RDFRecommended Dose of Fertilizer (120:40:40 kg NPK ha-1) alone, RDF + Poultry manure compost @ 5 t ha-1, RDF+ Coir pith compost @ 5 t ha-1, RDF+ Green manure @ 6.25 t ha-1 and RDF-Green leaf manure @ 6.25 t ha-1]. TPR with the INM practice of RDF + poultry manure compost @ 5 t ha-1 recorded maximum productive tillers m-2 (351), number of filled grains panicle-1 (130.2), grain yield (6709 kg ha-1) and straw yield (9015 kg ha-1) of rice. Rice fallow crops (black gram, maize and groundnut) recorded 10 - 24,10-18 and 10 - 21 % higher values of yield components and yield, respectively, in DSR with INM treatment of RDF + Green manure @ 6.25 t ha-1. Thus, RDF plus green manure or poultry manure application is an apt INM practice for a rice-based sequential cropping system under DSR, and the rice-black gram is an economical and sustainable cropping system for dry tracts of the southern zone of Tamil Nadu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae), a local endemic plant of Crete (Greece), creates polysaccharide-containing subcuticular compartments presenting biological activity against phytopathogenic fungi, and, among others, significantly affects the fungal cell wall polysaccharides. This field study introduces a fertilization scheme for O. dictamnus, which was developed and refined to optimize the yield as well as critical herbal quality aspects. Five fertilization schemes were investigated, based on a polysaccharide-based Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), a mixture of conventional inorganic fertilizers (ChF) and two biostimulants (not algae) via foliar and soil application. Plant growth, together with leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and color (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were determined. The leaf content of chlorophyll, three critical antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols) and nutrients were also assessed. Considering all three antioxidants together, the enhanced efficiency, non-toxic, water-soluble, polysaccharide-based INM by foliar application was the most stimulatory scheme, playing an important role in plant growth and development. The present field study provides, for the first time, baseline fertilization data improving key herbal quality features in O. dictamnus and unravels the attainment of high antioxidant properties. The latter may be exploited in favor of its further utilization as a raw material for tea preparation, medicinal purposes, natural food flavoring and/or food preservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the combined climate and biodiversity crisis, the sustainable utilization of phytogenetic resources stands as a one-way alternative, while nutrient management strategies are gaining an increasing role in agriculture. Building on previous studies regarding the Endangered local endemic of Crete (Greece) Carlina diae (Asteraceae), with medicinal and ornamental value, this investigation focused on its pilot cultivation and fertilization (foliar or soil application). Foliar application comprised inorganic fertilization (conventional) or integrated nutrient management (INM). Soil application consisted of conventional inorganic fertilizers, biostimulants, or INM with biostimulants. Above-ground biomass content of nutrients, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and color parameters (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were estimated. The leaf chlorophyll content, three key antioxidant compounds, and nutrient titers were also determined. The fertilization scheme did not influence plant growth and visually perceived quality (leaf color and shape). Notably, foliar INM fertilization increased biomass partitioning to inflorescences (harvestable organs for either medicinal or ornamental purposes) and decreased tissue water content (facilitating processing). Considering all three antioxidants together, INM with biostimulant appeared the optimum scheme, being associated with the highest (carotenoids, phenolics) or the second highest (flavonoid) content. In C. diae, therefore, INM fertilization was optimal for upgrading yield (foliar) and herbal quality in terms of antioxidant profile (INM with biostimulant), which might be embraced as an eco-friendly approach for high-quality yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years 2017–19 during autumn season at Sugarcane Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Buralikson, India, with three planting techniques, viz. M1: conventional method of planting, M2: planting of bud chip settling at 90 cm × 60 cm and M3: planting of bud chip settling at 120 cm × 60 cm under main plot and five INM practices, viz. F1: 100% RDF (inorganic) 135- 70- 60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha−1, F2: 100% RDF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha−1 + green manuring + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) @ 10 kg ha−1, F3:100% RDF + enriched compost @1t ha−1 + green manuring, F4: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha−1 + vermicompost @ 1 t ha−1 + green manuring + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) @ 10 kg ha−1 and F5: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha−1 + enriched compost @1 t ha−1 + green manuring under sub-plot. The planting of bud chip settlings at 120 cm × 60 cm significantly improved most of the plant growth parameters including root length (24.23 cm), root dry weight (32.77 g) and dry matter accumulation (183.16 g) per plant. The yield-attributing parameters like cane length, number of millable canes, cane weight and number of internodes were also improved under this planting technique resulting in high cane (120.92 t ha−1) as well as CCS yield (14.28 t ha−1). This planting technique recorded 20.15% higher cane yield than the conventional three-budded setts indicating a promising technique for cane growers. In respect of integrated nutrient management, application of vermicompost @ 1 t ha−1 along with incorporation of green manuring of cowpea, biofertilizers @ 10 kg ha−1 and 100% NPK (F2) was found to be more effective in improving the plant growth parameters as well as cane yield production by producing 113.28 t ha−1 of cane yield, 13.43 t ha−1 of CCS yield and 10.40 t ha−1 of jaggery yield. Cane juice quality (CCS% & juice recovery %) was improved due to various INM treatments as compared to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of integrated nutrient management on soil organic carbon status and sunflower yield in Alfisols. The study, conducted in India, found that the application of 100% NPK + Farmyard manure increased sunflower yield compared to the control. The use of chemical fertilizer with farmyard manure also improved yield sustainability and soil health. The article references several scientific articles that provide additional information on topics such as the effects of fertilizers and manure on crop yields and soil quality, soil testing methods, and estimating available nitrogen and soil organic matter. These resources are valuable for researchers studying soil science and agriculture in North India. [Extracted from the article]

There has been much discussion on the merits of producing crops using organic versus inorganic methods. No system is ideal and each system has its own advantage and limitation. In such a situation, it is necessary to develop an estimation technique that is reliable and reflects the usefulness of a system in quantitative terms. In this study, data were collected from a research experiment conducted at IIT Roorkee to evaluate the system sustainability (SI) of rice grown in different soil nutrient management practices. The result indicates that integrated nutrient management (INM) practice (SI-1.03) greatly impacts soil fertility and crop produce's nutritional quality. The organic system failed to produce yield but has shown the best result to sustain soil fertility (SI-1.02). The inorganic system (SI-1.00) has a good response on yield sustainability but failed to sustain soil health and nutritional quality of produce. Overall, the method is easy to use and may be beneficial to understanding and easily comparing the different production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a study on the effects of integrated nutrient management on the nutrient content and uptake of okra plants. The study found that a specific treatment involving the use of 75% recommended dose of fertilizers, along with organic amendments and beneficial bacteria, significantly increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the okra pods and plants. This treatment also showed higher overall nutrient uptake compared to other treatments. The research suggests that combining inorganic and organic sources of nutrients can enhance nutrient uptake in okra plants, which can be valuable for improving okra production and nutrient management practices. These findings align with previous research on okra. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study conducted in India on the effects of integrated nutrient management on soybean growth and production. The study found that using 100% recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in the highest plant height, dry matter, leaf area index, and yield attributes. This treatment also had the highest seed yield, stover yield, net return, and benefit-cost ratio. The study suggests that up to 25% of inorganic fertilizers can be replaced with vermicompost without significantly impacting yield. This information is valuable for researchers and farmers looking to improve soybean production through nutrient management. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the impact of different nutrient management practices and microbial inoculants on the concentration of zinc and the yield of paddy rice. The study reveals that organic nutrient management and the use of specific microbial inoculants, such as Azospirillum, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and zinc solubilizing bacteria, result in the highest grain yield and zinc uptake. Furthermore, the organic nutrient management practice demonstrates the highest zinc concentration in both grain and straw. These findings suggest that incorporating organic nutrient sources and microbial inoculants can enhance zinc absorption in rice crops. However, the study also indicates that inorganic and integrated nutrient management practices lead to higher zinc uptake and yields compared to organic management. The availability of zinc in the soil is highest in the integrated nutrient management practice. In conclusion, the study suggests that integrated nutrient management and microbial inoculants can improve zinc uptake and yield in rice crops. [Extracted from the article]

Cauliflower and tomato are two most important cash crops of the North-Western part of Himalayas often grown in sequence and bring remunerative returns to the farmers of mid-hill region. The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of application of various nutrient combinations through organic and inorganic inputs on the post harvest soil fertility status, crop quality parameters, nutrient use efficiencies, nutrient harvest indices, and economics of the cauliflower–tomato production system. The total of 11 treatment combinations, comprising sole organics, graded doses of inorganics and substitution of inorganics with organic inputs were studied. The study concluded that the application of 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis significantly improved most of the quality and yield parameters in both the crops simultaneously giving highest N (197.8 kg ha−1) and K (167.4 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (46.3%), AE (57.0 kg kg−1), P harvest index (50.7%) and net returns (5476 US$ ha−1) in cauliflower. This treatment was also accorded with significantly highest N (141.9 kg ha−1), P (30.6 kg ha−1), and K (185.0 kg ha−1) uptake, NUE (33.6%), AE (115.4 kg kg−1), and net returns (7858 US$ ha−1) in tomato. Hence, it is concluded that 75% NPK + 100% FYM + 25% recommended N through FYM and VC on 50:50 N-equivalence basis may be adopted as cost-effective nutrient module for farmers following cauliflower–tomato cropping sequence to achieve higher crop production on sustainable basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated nutrient management has potential to enhance soil quality and sustain agricultural productivity, however, such effects under cotton + greengram intercropping is not well understood in vertisols of Maharashtra, India. Therefore, a field study was conducted during 2016–2017 at the Research field of AICRP for Dryland Agriculture Akola, Maharashtra (India), on an ongoing long-term experiment initiated in 1987–1988 under cotton + greengram (1:1) intercropping system to find out how different nutrient management practices affect the soil quality (SQ) and cotton + greengram productivity. The eight treatments comprised of sole use of organics and chemical fertilizers, integration of organics with chemical fertilizers (INM) to partially substitute nitrogen, and a control treatment. The results after 30th cycle revealed that the partial substitution of N through FYM/gliricidia increased cotton and greengram yield over control. These treatments caused significant improvement in the soil physical and biological properties and also improved the soil fertility status, mainly soil organic carbon (OC) by 53%, available N (AN) by 25%, available P (AP) by 50%, and available K (AK) by 25% over control. The SQ assessment through principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, in this semi-arid subtropical region, HC, OC, and CO2 evolution can be viewed as important indicators of SQ for cotton + greengram intercropping system. Therefore, we concluded that, INM practice that encourages balanced fertilization must include FYM/gliricidia as part of the nutrient application package in this region to improve soil quality and sustain productivity of cotton + greengram intercropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated nutrient management (INM) practice with farmyard manure (FYM), wheat straw (WS) and green leaf manuring (GLM) augments aggregate formation in soils. However, soil aggregation regulating several soils biological activities has been proven to be intricate with both positive and negative interactions across studies. We studied the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil enzymes across three aggregate classes (>2000 µm, 2000–250 µm and <250 µm) from a long-term rice-wheat cropping system. Integrated nutrient management practices significantly influence the fraction of soil macro-aggregates; whereas suboptimal level of fertilization was dominated by micro-aggregates. Application of inorganic fertilizer with FYM over long-term improves SOC to the tune of 12.78% when compared with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF); whereas WS as an amendment improves MBC to the tune of 51.80% over RDF. Activities of the studied soil enzymes (Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Dehydrogenase, Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysing Capacity and Urease) were found to be higher when associated with large macro-aggregates fraction of size >2000 µm as compared to micro-aggregates. In conclusion, large macro-aggregates improve and regulate all the soil biological indicators after a long-term integration of organic amendments with inorganic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field study was conducted during 2021-22 at the Research field of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, (Dr. PDKV) Akola, Maharashtra (India), on an ongoing long-term experiment initiated in 1987-88 under cotton + green gram (1:1) intercropping system in Vertisols. The eight treatments comprised of a control, sole use of organics and chemical fertilizers, and integration of organics with chemical fertilizers to partially substitute Nitrogen (N). The results after 35th cycle revealed that the uptake of N, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) was significantly higher in Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) treatments, particularly the treatments T6 and T7 where 50 percent N was substituted by either gliricidia or Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Further, the various parameters of nutrient use efficiency of N, P, and K were also found to be significantly higher in INM treatments followed by T2 (100% RDF). Therefore, the present investigation concludes that under the cotton + green gram intercropping system in Vertisols, INM that involves conjoint use of different nutrient sources appears to be a promising strategy for improvement in fertilizer use efficiency as a whole including Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the combined climate and biodiversity crisis, the sustainable utilization of phytogenetic resources stands as a one-way alternative, while nutrient management strategies are gaining an increasing role in agriculture. Building on previous studies regarding the Endangered local endemic of Crete (Greece) Carlina diae (Asteraceae), with medicinal and ornamental value, this investigation focused on its pilot cultivation and fertilization (foliar or soil application). Foliar application comprised inorganic fertilization (conventional) or integrated nutrient management (INM). Soil application consisted of conventional inorganic fertilizers, biostimulants, or INM with biostimulants. Above-ground biomass content of nutrients, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, and color parameters (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were estimated. The leaf chlorophyll content, three key antioxidant compounds, and nutrient titers were also determined. The fertilization scheme did not influence plant growth and visually perceived quality (leaf color and shape). Notably, foliar INM fertilization increased biomass partitioning to inflorescences (harvestable organs for either medicinal or ornamental purposes) and decreased tissue water content (facilitating processing). Considering all three antioxidants together, INM with biostimulant appeared the optimum scheme, being associated with the highest (carotenoids, phenolics) or the second highest (flavonoid) content. In C. diae, therefore, INM fertilization was optimal for upgrading yield (foliar) and herbal quality in terms of antioxidant profile (INM with biostimulant), which might be embraced as an eco-friendly approach for high-quality yields.

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Currently, the majority of arecahusk waste is disposed of through combustion, leading to the loss of a potential source of organic matter and nutrient source. The value of arecanut waste as an organic material has not been fully realized so far. With this in view, an experiment was designed for arecanut husk composting at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bhavikere, during the kharif season and followed by a sequential cropping system consisting of maize followed by green gram in two consecutive years (2020–21 and 2021–22). The design includes 10 replicated treatments thrice in a fully randomized complete block design. Results indicated that application of 75% RDN with 25% RDN as Arecahusk Compost (AHC) and entire quantity of recommended dose of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) as AHC (based on N equivalent) increased the growth parameters like plant height (235.89, 265.63 cm), number of leaves (14.57, 16.61), and drymatter (394.67,428.22 g plant−1) over control which received 100% RDN and recommended dose of FYM (7.5 t/ha). Similar results were recorded for the yield attributes like cob length (20.88, 24.03 cm), cob girth (18.51, 19.86 cm), number of grains per row (37.79, 40.40), number of kernels per cob (597.14 and 608.67), root length (21.90 23.40 cm), root biomass (14.33, 15.61 q ha−1), grain yield (93.60, 95.67 q ha−1) and stover yield (110.66, 116.15 q ha−1) in both years. Growth and yield attributes were significantly correlated with grain and stover yields of maize (0.96*** to 1.00***). It was recorded 14.89% grain yield increase over control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]