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1. Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions : Village Survey Results - Mali

Author

World Bank

Subjects
NATIONAL ACTION, NATURAL FERTILITY, MIGRANT, COST OF ADAPTATION, COST OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, ADAPTATION INITIATIVES, FOOD SHORTAGES, PESTICIDE, ADAPTATION, LOGISTICAL SUPPORT, FRUITS, COMPLICATIONS, GA, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, ADAPTATION COST, ADAPTATION OPTION, OCCUPATIONS, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, INHABITANTS, COPE WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY, INTERVENTIONS, FUTURE ADAPTATION, SELF-HELP, POLITICAL SUPPORT, WATER MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION PROCESS, ETHNIC GROUPS, MITIGATION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, ADAPTATION EFFORTS, CASH CROPS, FLOOD, VEGETABLES, VULNERABILITY, DISTRICTS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, RAIN, ADAPTATION PROCESSES, FOOD PRODUCTION, ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, YOUNG CHILDREN, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ADAPTING, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, FLOODING, MINORITY, FOOD STORAGE, PESTICIDES, TEMPERATURES, CITIZENS, COSTS OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS, MISUNDERSTANDING, TEMPERATURE, DROUGHT, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DISSEMINATION, RURAL ENVIRONMENT, DROUGHT HAZARD, VILLAGES, GENDER DIFFERENCES, HOUSEHOLDS, ECONOMIC POLICIES, RESPECT, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, SOIL EROSION, TEMPERATURE CHANGES, CHANGES IN RAINFALL REGIMES, DEPENDENCY RATIO, COPING CAPACITY, LEGAL STATUS, ADAPTATION RESPONSES, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, QUALITY OF LIFE, VILLAGE COMMUNITIES, SHELTER, POPULATION PRESSURE, RICE, CEREALS, FOOD SHORTAGE, FLOODS, JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, EXTENDED FAMILIES, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, CLIMATE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE, PLANTATIONS, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, GENDER, ADAPTATION PRACTICES, COSTS OF ADAPTATION, MAIZE, LOCAL POPULATION, HEAT WAVES, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, SPONSORS, MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGES, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, FLOOD RISK, DESCRIPTION, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, VILLAGE LEVEL, LOCAL ADAPTATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, ROOT CROPS, ADAPTATION COSTS, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RAINFALL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, RURAL ECONOMY, MIGRANTS, ADAPTATION MEASURES, HOUSES, ADAPTATION STRATEGY, PEANUTS, DISEASES, ADAPTATION PROJECT, IMPACTS OF DROUGHTS, CLIMATE HAZARDS, INTERVENTION, SETTLEMENT, TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS, TELEVISION, PERSONAL HEALTH, CLIMATE MODELS, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL AREAS, CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES, NATURAL RESOURCE, DRY SEASON, CEREAL PRODUCTION, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, FAMILY MEMBERS, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, AGRICULTURE, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, KINSHIP, DWELLINGS, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, NATIONAL ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS, CLIMATE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CONDITIONS, CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS, REMITTANCES, FOOD SECURITY, SELF HELP, ADAPTATION PROGRAM, ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, FORMAL EDUCATION, CLIMATE HAZARD, ETHNIC GROUP, DATES, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, MIGRATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HAZARDS, HEAT, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, LOCAL CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, RAINY SEASON, COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, CASH CROP, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, SERIES OF MEETINGS, IFPRI, CAPACITY BUILDING, WATER RESOURCES, IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION, URBAN AREAS, ECOSYSTEM, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, LACK OF INFORMATION
Abstract

This report presents the results of the World Bank funded project on Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI). The objectives of the CALI project are to: (1) identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (2) investigate which institutions support households in adapting to climate variability, what efforts and costs are needed to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study has been carried out in Mali, Ethiopia, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Mali.

Published
2011

2. Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions : Synthesis Report

Author

World Bank

Subjects
HEAT WAVES, FLOOD RISK, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, DESCRIPTION, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, CLIMATE PATTERNS, CLIMATE REGIME, LOCAL ADAPTATION, FOOD POLICY, SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE, LOGISTICAL SUPPORT, POTENTIAL EVAPORATION, RAINFALL, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, RURAL ECONOMY, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ADAPTATION COST, FOOD PRICES, CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARD, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CLIMATE EXPOSURE, FEMALE, ADAPTATION OPTION, LEGUMES, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, RAINFALL REGIME, FERTILIZERS, COPE WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY, OCCUPATION, ADAPTATION PROJECT, INTERVENTION, RAINFALL LEVELS, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, FUTURE ADAPTATION, GRAINS, TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS, EXTREME RAINFALL, ADAPTATION PROCESS, IMPLEMENTING ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, RAINFALL PATTERNS, CLIMATE-PROOF, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, COLORS, EXTREME TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, RURAL AREAS, FLOOD, ADAPTATION POLICIES, FINANCIAL CAPACITY, VEGETABLES, HIGH TEMPERATURES, INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT, FRUIT, GLOBAL CLIMATE, DNA, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS, ADAPTING, EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION, EXTREME DROUGHT, AGRICULTURE, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, FLOODING, ELECTRICITY, STORMS, DISASTER PREVENTION, TEMPERATE CLIMATE, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, FOOD STORAGE, PESTICIDES, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, FORESTS, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS, TEMPERATURE, CLIMATE CONDITIONS, VARIABILITY IN RAINFALL, CA, DESERTIFICATION, DROUGHT RISK, IPCC, TEMPERATURE LEVELS, HAZARD, RURAL ENVIRONMENT, VILLAGES, MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, CLIMATE HAZARD, PRECIPITATION, SAFETY, ADVERSE CLIMATE, ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, DATES, ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, LOW ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, HOUSEHOLDS, LOW RAINFALL, CLIMATE MITIGATION, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, TEMPERATURE CHANGES, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM, FLOOD HAZARDS, CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICIES, HEAT, COPING CAPACITY, ALTITUDE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, RAINY SEASON, TROPICS, RICE, WFP, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION, CEREALS, FEEDS, EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS, CLIMATE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE, SOCIAL STRUCTURES, IFPRI, LOWER RAINFALL, UNEP, ARID CLIMATE, IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION, URBAN AREAS, DEFORESTATION, GENDER, COMMUNITIES, COSTS OF ADAPTATION
Abstract

The Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI) study aims to highlight how adaptation by households to climate change and climate variability is shaped by institutions, and how governments, through local institutions, can support adaptation that addresses the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable households. The main objective of the study is to provide recommendations regarding adaptation options for households in rural regions and facilitate the necessary institutional support. The methodology of the study draws on past adaptation experiences, particularly for vulnerable groups in different fragile ecological contexts. It uses participatory approaches to assess the costs of different adaptation strategies used by such groups. In this synthesis report, the analytical results from the three country case studies are presented and compared. Among the adopted strategies in the three cases, some were similar, while others were country-specific. The report describes some of the institutional, socioeconomic, and political differences that contributed to the individual or communal adaptation strategies among the countries. These country comparisons make it possible to present a number of policy recommendations that provide a better insight on how future interventions might be more effectively targeted. The results of this study confirm the view that it is important to place greater emphasis on integrated approaches to development. A focus on only a single issue will most likely not have the envisaged results and will in the end lead to higher costs. Several constraints ranging from constraints on a household, village, regional, or national level prevent households from successfully improving their livelihoods and preparing adequately for changing climate variability.

Published
2011

3. Costing Adaptations through Local Institutions : Village Survey Results - Yemen

Author

World Bank

Subjects
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, ADAPTATION INITIATIVES, USE OF WATER, SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, PRICE OF WATER, SEAWATER, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, ADAPTATION COST, ADAPTATION OPTION, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, RAINFALL REGIME, COPE WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, FUTURE ADAPTATION, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, WATER MANAGEMENT, WEATHER PATTERNS, COLORS, CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, ADAPTATION EFFORTS, CASH CROPS, SEA LEVEL RISE, SURFACE WATER, FERTILITY, AWARENESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, FLOOD, HIGH TEMPERATURES, VULNERABILITY, RAIN, ADAPTATION PROCESSES, LOCAL PREDICTIVE CAPACITY, ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, ADAPTING, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, SEA LEVEL, TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY, DOMESTIC WATER, GROUNDWATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, FLOODING, RAINWATER, PESTICIDES, FORESTS, FERTILISER, TEMPERATURES, CITIZENS, COSTS OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS, TEMPERATURE, DROUGHT, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE EFFECTS, DESERTIFICATION, DISSEMINATION, LOCAL WATER MANAGEMENT, GENDER DIFFERENCES, ADAPTATION TO SEA LEVEL RISE, PRECIPITATION, CL, ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, NATURAL DISASTERS, SOIL EROSION, ASSET OWNERSHIP, DRY CLIMATE, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, TEMPERATURE CHANGES, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, DEPENDENCY RATIO, COPING CAPACITY, WATER ABSTRACTION, CLIMATE MODELING, ALTITUDE, LEGAL STATUS, ADAPTATION RESPONSES, POLICY FRAMEWORK, SCARCE WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CULTIVATED LAND, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE, FLOODS, WATER SUPPLY, CLIMATIC CHANGES, CLIMATE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE, COASTAL AREAS, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, UNEP, POPULATION DENSITY, ADAPTATION PRACTICES, COSTS OF ADAPTATION, RIVERS, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGES, FLOOD RISK, RIVER BASINS, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, WASTE WATER, CLIMATE REGIME, LOCAL ADAPTATION, COASTAL ZONES, ADAPTATION COSTS, EXTREME WEATHER, EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY, LAND USE, POTENTIAL EVAPORATION, RAINFALL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, ADAPTATION MEASURES, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER RESOURCE, FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE EXPOSURE, ADAPTATION STRATEGY, DISEASES, AVAILABLE WATER, ADAPTATION PROJECT, EXCESSIVE RAINFALL, CLIMATE HAZARDS, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS, LARGE FAMILIES, COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, SCARCE WATER RESOURCES, CLIMATE MODELS, RAINFALL PATTERNS, CLIMATE RISK, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL AREAS, PROGRESS, FINANCIAL CAPACITY, GLOBAL CLIMATE, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, CLIMATIC VARIABILITY, WATER SCARCITY, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, FAMILY MEMBERS, DROUGHT FREQUENCY, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, DEMAND FOR WATER, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, STORM SURGES, WATER CONSERVATION, EXTREME TEMPERATURES, IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS, KINSHIP, SUPPLY OF WATER, ELECTRICITY, STORMS, AVERAGE RAINFALL, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS, CLIMATE IMPACTS, CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS, IPCC, FOOD SECURITY, ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES, CLIMATIC REGIMES, LAND DEGRADATION, ADVERSE CLIMATE, DISASTERS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, CLOUD COVER, LOW RAINFALL, WARMER CLIMATE, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, MIGRATION, HEAT, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, RAINY SEASON, WATER DISTRIBUTION, COSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, CASH CROP, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, RAINWATER HARVESTING, WATER QUALITY, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, WIND, DECISION MAKERS, SERIES OF MEETINGS, WATER RESOURCES, IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION, URBAN AREAS, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
Abstract

The objectives of the Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI) study were (a) to identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (b) to investigate which institutions help households adapt to climate variability, which efforts and costs are needed to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study was carried out in Ethiopia, Mali, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Yemen. In Yemen, village surveys were conducted in six villages and two expert workshops were organized to discuss the main framework of the study and to evaluate the draft results. The study assessed household vulnerability, analyzed the strategies households adopt to reduce the impacts of climate hazards, and evaluated the assistance households receive from different institutions. The analysis was based on household surveys, focus group discussions, and institutional stakeholder interviews. Vulnerability profiles, developed on the basis of field survey results, show that household vulnerability differs substantially between and within villages. The results show that the vulnerability and agro ecological potential in Yemen are related to rainfall, which is related to altitude. This study is a reflection of the insights that (a) poor, rural households are facing most of the climate variability- related hazards; (b) adaptation also has socioeconomic aspects; (c) understanding local adaptation processes is important for informing macro-policies; and (d) for prioritizing future adaptation, it is crucial to analyze historical adaptation strategies. The study involves an assessment of the adaptation options rural household pursue. The study also considers the differential access of various vulnerability groups, as well as the drivers for adopting particular strategies or constraints for not adopting other strategies. For this, households and institutional stakeholders were interviewed in six villages in Yemen, focus group discussions were organized, and experts were consulted.

Published
2011

4. Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions : Village Survey Results - Ethiopia

Author

World Bank

Subjects
COST OF ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION INITIATIVES, FOOD POLICY, FOOD SHORTAGES, FREQUENCY OF DROUGHTS, LOGISTICAL SUPPORT, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FRUITS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, ADAPTATION COST, LIKELIHOOD OF CLIMATE CHANGE, TEMPERATURE CHANGE, FIELD SURVEY, ADAPTATION OPTION, CASH INCOME, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, RAINFALL REGIME, COPE WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, FUTURE ADAPTATION, ANIMAL DISEASES, SUGAR, MITIGATION, WEATHER PATTERNS, CLIMATE-PROOF, COLORS, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, ADAPTATION EFFORTS, CASH CROPS, FLOOD, VEGETABLES, MITIGATION STRATEGIES, HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH TEMPERATURES, NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE, FRUIT, ADAPTATION PROCESSES, ANIMAL, FOOD PRODUCTION, ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS, CASSAVA, SHEEP, ADAPTING, BIODIVERSITY, POULTRY, VAM, TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE-RELATED VULNERABILITIES, CLIMATE CHANGE, CATTLE, DAILY TEMPERATURE, FLOODING, DISASTER PREVENTION, FOOD STORAGE, HUMAN DISEASES, ROADS, CLIMATE SENSITIVE, TEMPERATURE, DROUGHT, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE EFFECTS, CA, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, DROUGHT HAZARD, VILLAGES, FOREST, INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, PRECIPITATION, CL, TREES, CATTLE RAISING, TEMPERATURE CHANGES, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM, WHEAT, FLOOD HAZARDS, METEOROLOGY, ADAPTATION ISSUES, COPING CAPACITY, FOOD CROPS, ALTITUDE, ADAPTATION RESPONSES, EXPOSURE, CULTIVATED LAND, WFP, CEREALS, FOOD SHORTAGE, FLOODS, CLIMATE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, LOWER RAINFALL, UNEP, ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION PRACTICES, COSTS OF ADAPTATION, MAIZE, EXCESSIVE RAIN, HEAT WAVES, FLOOD RISK, ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, LOCAL ADAPTATION, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION COSTS, EXTREME WEATHER, TIMBER FOREST, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RAINFALL, POPULATION GROWTH, MITIGATION EFFORTS, ADAPTATION MEASURES, FOOD INSECURITY, EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ADULT MALES, FOOD PRICES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, OXEN, EQUINES, EXCESSIVE RAINFALL, CLIMATE HAZARDS, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, RAINFALL LEVELS, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS, COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, CROP PESTS, FOREST PRODUCTS, MEAN TEMPERATURE, INFORMATION ON CLIMATE, RAINFALL PATTERNS, SMALL RUMINANTS, TIMBER, WATERSHED, SAFETY NET, NATURAL RESOURCE, PASTURE, ANIMALS, MINIMUM TEMPERATURE, NUMBERS OF LIVESTOCK, VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CLIMATE ADAPTATION STRATEGY, TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION DENSITIES, RAT, EFFECTIVE ADAPTATION, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, AGRICULTURE, SEVERE WEATHER, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DETERMINANTS, EXTREME TEMPERATURES, BEAR, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, FROST, GOATS, NATIONAL ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS, CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS, TREE, CAMELS, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, TEMPERATURE LEVELS, URGENT ADAPTATION, HAZARD, OATS, ADAPTATION PROGRAM, CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS, ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES, CLIMATE HAZARD, LAND DEGRADATION, ADVERSE CLIMATE, DATES, LOW ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, NATIONAL CLIMATE, RAINY SEASONS, TEMPERATURE EXTREMES, ADAPTATION OPTIONS, LOW RAINFALL, MIGRATION, TREE PLANTING, HAZARDS, PASTURE LAND, EXPOSURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD AID, HIGHLANDS, METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, RAINY SEASON, KOLA, FEEDS, LIVESTOCK, WIND, INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, IFPRI, CAPACITY BUILDING, IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION, DEFORESTATION
Abstract

In Ethiopia, village surveys were conducted in six villages and two expert workshops were organized to discuss the organization of the study and to evaluate the draft results. Based on household surveys, focus group discussions, and institutional stakeholder interviews, we assessed household vulnerability, analyzed the strategies households adopt to reduce the hazards faced, and evaluated the assistance households receive from institutions. Vulnerability profiles were formulated, which show that household vulnerability differs substantially among and within villages. The size and diversity of income and the ability to flexibly decide on alternative measures to mitigate the adverse climate effects, which depends on, for example, level of education and dependency ratio, have effects on the adaptation options households adopt and the type of institutional assistance they receive. This report presents the results of the World Bank-funded project on Costing Adaptation through Local Institutions (CALI). The objectives of the CALI-project are: (1) to identify the costs of adaptation through local institutions, and (2) to investigate the institutions that support households in adapting to climate variability, the efforts and costs required to realize the adaptation options, and how they facilitate adaptation to climate variability. The study has been carried out in Ethiopia, Mali, and Yemen. This report discusses the results for Ethiopia.

Published
2011

5. Community-based adaptation: lessons from the development marketplace 2009 on adaptation to climate change

Author

Heltberg, Rasmus, Gitay, Habiba, and Prabhu, Radhika

Subjects
ADAPTATION PLANNING, Community-based Adaptation, CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, CLIMATE INFORMATION, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, CLIMATE PATTERNS, ADAPTATION PROJECTS, EXTREME EVENTS, RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, POLICY MAKERS, NATIONAL LEVEL, IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, CLIMATE CHANGE RISK, SEAWATER, CLIMATE-RELATED DISASTERS, ORGANIC MATTER, ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, LAKES, WEATHER EXTREMES, FOREST RESOURCES, MITIGATION, WEATHER PATTERNS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION, CLIMATE-PROOF, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, CLIMATE PROJECTIONS, CLIMATIC RISK, ADAPTATION PROPOSALS, GLACIERS, ADAPTATION EFFORTS, SURFACE WATER, FLOOD, GLOBAL WARMING, Adaptation, VULNERABILITY, ELDERLY, RAIN, CYCLONES, EXTREME HEAT, ADAPTATION PLANS, ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS, CLIMATIC EXTREMES, COLD TEMPERATURES, ADAPTING, BIODIVERSITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, FIRE MANAGEMENT, CLIMATE DATA, GREENHOUSE, ADAPTATION PURPOSES, FLOODING, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, RAINWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, FORESTS, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLIMATE EXTREMES, TYPHOONS, TEMPERATURE, DROUGHT, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, DESERTIFICATION, GLACIER MELTING, FOREST, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, PRECIPITATION, DESALINATION, ADAPTIVE CAPACITY, NUTRITION, FEASIBILITY, LONG-TERM ADAPTATION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS, NATURAL DISASTER, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, ADAPTATION SUPPORT, GOALS OF ADAPTATION, CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS, LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE, EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, ADAPTATION POTENTIAL, CLIMATE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE REFUGEES, CLIMATE, HEAT WAVES, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, ADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, Q5, WATER SALINITY, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, EXTREME WEATHER, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND USE, RAINFALL, POPULATION GROWTH, ADAPTATION MEASURES, FOOD INSECURITY, FLOOD MANAGEMENT, SCENARIOS, ABRASION, EXCESSIVE RAINFALL, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, GREENHOUSE GAS, FRESH WATER, COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, REGIONAL CLIMATE, SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION, CLIMATE MODELS, RAINFALL PATTERNS, CLIMATE RISK, CLIMATES, RURAL AREAS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, DRY SEASON, DESALINATION PLANTS, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, VARIABILITY OF CLIMATE, CLIMATE ADAPTATION STRATEGY, CLIMATE TRENDS, VULNERABLE GROUPS, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY PRODUCTION, STORM SURGES, SEASON, EXTREME TEMPERATURES, IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY, STORMS, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, NATIONAL ADAPTATION, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, HURRICANES, CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES, CLIMATE CONDITIONS, RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION RESPONSE, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ADAPTATION PRIORITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, Development Marketplace, FOREST FIRES, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, GLACIER MELT, NATIONAL STRATEGIES, TROPICAL STORMS, GREENHOUSE GASES, VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, MIGRATION, Climate Change, ADAPTATION FUNDING, MALADAPTATION, FREEZE, O1, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, HAIL, ADAPTATION ACTION, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, ddc:330, SODA, DAMAGES, GENDER ISSUES, RAINWATER HARVESTING, FORESTRY, CLIMATE SCIENCE, IMPLICATIONS FOR ADAPTATION, MICRO-INSURANCE, WATER QUALITY, NATURAL RESOURCES, DISASTER RISK, CAPACITY BUILDING, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION, VEGETATIVE COVER, CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT, ECOSYSTEM, DEFORESTATION, COUNTRY ADAPTATION, FOREST AREAS
Abstract

The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. The findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation should: exploit its strong local grounding and synergies with development; help connect local initiatives to higher levels; and use complementary approaches to address policy issues.

Published
2010

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