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Within the EU agricultural policy, geographical indications (GIs) are assigned the role of adding value to local food productions. The use of GIs has traditionally been heterogeneous across EU regions, and stimulating their uptake in non-traditional GI regions was presented as one of the motivations for the new 2024 GI Regulation. This paper investigates the issue of inequality in the spatial GI distribution. Specifically, the objectives of the work are: (i) to examine the spatial patterns of GI registration, exploiting specific techniques of inequality analysis; (ii) to investigate the existence of convergence processes across EU regions in terms of registered GIs; and (iii) to estimate the impact of the last GI Regulation in fostering convergence processes. The first part of the analysis relies on the application of several Gini index decompositions, highlighting the large role played by Protected Designations of Origin and by cross-national factors in driving GI inequalities up. Convergence is observed to be in place, but the very low rate at which it is occurring calls for a more robust policy intervention. In this respect, the impact analysis, performed using an interrupted time series regression approach, highlights no significant effect of the last GI reform in stimulating convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summer of 2023 highlighted the growing threat of wildfires in isolated areas, with Maui Island in Hawaii experiencing one of its largest wildfires. Our study employs a multi-source approach, integrating high-resolution optical data, thermal infrared data, and demographic information to assess the environmental, built, and social impacts of this event. Our innovative tri-environmental framework reveals significant vegetation degradation, land cover change, and disproportionate effects on various demographic groups. The fire caused extensive damage, with residential properties incurring 77.6% of the total losses, equating to approximately $563.2 million. Social impacts were profound, particularly among females, children, and the elderly, with employment and commuting disruptions affecting both low- and high-income groups. The study highlights the effectiveness of combining dasymetric mapping with real-time satellite data to refine population distribution estimates in affected areas. Our findings are applicable beyond wildfires, offering valuable insights into disaster response and mitigation strategies across various natural hazards like floods and earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of high-yielding, early maturing and drought-resistant varieties is a good adaptation strategy to cope with the adverse effects of climatic events like frequent occurrence of drought and heat stress. Kufri Pukhraj, an early bulking cultivar that is, drought tolerant and moderately resistant to late blight, is the most popular potato variety in India, covering 33% of total potato area. This paper assesses the gross returns from the investment in Kufri Pukhraj using the economic surplus method in a closed economy condition at all-India level. Time-series published data from various sources have been used in this study. A total of 41-year period (1978–2018) is considered to estimate the benefits in an ex-post framework using actual data. The analysis of varietal diversity of potato revealed that 11 out of 66 varieties are most popular and share about 75% of total potato area in India. These varieties are early-to-medium maturing and medium-to-high tolerant to drought. The findings show that R&D investment on Kufri Pukhraj has led to enormous benefits to both consumers and producers. The total surplus accrued to economy is estimated as Rs 540,840 million during 1978 to 2018. The net present value of returns was Rs 157,720 million and Rs 63,600 million at 5% and 8%, respectively. The study has found internal rates of return of 48%, which is a good rate of returns. Sensitivity analyses also showed good returns, with total economic surplus ranging from Rs 293,220 million to Rs 814,950 and internal rates of return ranging between 45 and 50%. Results imply that the investment in R&D of Kufri Pukhraj has proven to be successful and beneficial in India. The study recommends that other popular varieties equipped with other traits should be evaluated for shaping future research policies of potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) immediately introduced strict public health measures to contain the spread of infection. The economic consequences of these measures were negative and often large in magnitude, necessitating the rapid introduction of economic relief and recovery measures to reinvigorate economic growth and safeguard affected households. Rwanda stands out among other LMICs both for its effective public health policy response and its adaptive economic policy response to COVID-19. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Rwanda, this paper assesses the economywide and welfare impacts of these policy measures and contextualizes results within the overall policy response to COVID-19. Modeling results generated at an early stage of Rwanda's pandemic experience indicated that relief and recovery measures introduced in 2020 could mitigate COVID-19′s recessionary effects by about 0.8 % points of total GDP, help to recover about 115,000 jobs and, through cash transfers, significantly reduce income losses among poorer households, with total benefits from the measures exceeded their cost by a ratio of 2.2. These results demonstrate the widely replicable value of economywide modeling when used in a timely manner and when positioned within a policymaking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zygomatic bone, a fundamental structure in facial anatomy, is exposed to fractures in impact situations, such as traffic accidents or contact sports. The installation of zygomatic implants can also alter the distribution of forces in this region, increasing the risk of fractures. To evaluate this situation, the first step is to develop a complex anatomical model from the stomatognathic point of view so that simulations in this sense can be validated. This study uses numerical simulation using a finite-element method (FEM) to analyze the behavior of the zygomatic bone under impacts of different velocities, offering a more realistic approach than previous studies by including the mandible, cervical spine, and masticatory muscles. Methods: An FEM model was developed based on 3D scans of actual bones, and simulations were performed using Abaqus Explicit 2023 software (Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). The impact was evaluated using a steel cylinder (200 mm length, 40 mm diameter, 2 kg weight) impacted at speeds of 5, 10, 15, and 20 km/h. Zygomatic, maxillary, and mandibular bone properties were based on dynamic stiffness parameters, and bone damage was analyzed using ductile fracture and fracture energy criteria. Results: The results show that at impact velocities of 15 and 20 km/h, the zygomatic bone suffered crush fractures, with impact forces up to 400 kg. At 10 km/h, a combination of crushing and bending was observed, while at 5 km/h, only local damage without complete fracture was detected. The maximum stresses were concentrated at the zygoma–jaw junction, with values above 100 MPa at some critical points. Conclusion: The FEM model developed offers a detailed representation of the mechanical behavior, integrating the main structures of the stomatognathic apparatus of the zygomatic bone under impact, providing valuable information to, for example, advance injury prevention and zygomatic implant design. Higher impact velocities result in severe fractures, underscoring the need for protective measures in clinical and sports settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several screening tools are available to assist general neurologists in the timely identification of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who may be eligible for referral for a device-aided therapy (DAT). However, it should be noted that not all of these clinical decision rules have been developed and validated in a thorough and consistent manner. Furthermore, only a limited number of head-to-head comparisons have been performed. Available studies suggest that D-DATS has a higher positive predictive value and higher specificity than the 5-2-1 criteria, while the sensitivity of both screening tools is similar. However, unanswered questions remain regarding the validity of the decision rules, such as whether the diagnostic performance measures from validation studies are generalizable to other populations. Ultimately, the question is whether a screening tool will effectively and efficiently improve the quality of life of patients with PD. To address this key question, an impact analysis should be performed. The authors intend to set up a multinational cluster randomised controlled trial to compare the D-DATS and 5-2-1 criteria on the downstream consequences of implementing these screening tools, with a particular focus on the impact on disability and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact and non-impact of tuned energy density (ED) on sinterability and other physicochemical characteristics of a sintered 3D-printed material tableting structure. The selected SLS 3D printer enables the alteration of direct ED values, which aids in analyzing the impact and non-impact of the overall process parameters, including hatch spacing (HS), laser scanning speed (LSS), layer thickness (LT), and laser power (LP). The progressively enhanced ED from 200 J/cm3 to 350 J/cm3 and 500 J/cm3 was impacted by the increased weight, hardness, and amorphization of the rifampicin (RIF) in the sintered 3D-printed material tableting structure. In the case of the surface morphology of sintered 3D-printed material tableting structure, inter-particle spaces were reduced, which increased neck formation and ultimately, increased consolidation. An increase in the ED decreased the average surface roughness of the sintered 3D-printed material tableting structure. The in vitro release of RIF diminished over 12 h as the ED progressively increased from 200 J/cm3 to 350 J/cm3 and 500 J/cm3. In addition, tuning the progressively enhanced ED had no impact on the printing yield, average thickness of the sintered layers, or thermal analysis of the 3D printed material tablet structures. The ultimate finding of this study is that it is necessary to optimize the ED and other sintering parameters according to the desired features of the sintered 3D printed material tableting structure. In addition, the utilization of SLS and incorporation of the co-processed polymer Eudragit L 100–55 in the printing process resulted in the release of RIF above physiological pH-5.5. This strategy effectively reduces the degradation of RIF under acidic conditions. Subsequently, the sintered 3D printed material tableting structures can be subjected to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study to confirm the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IMPACT: This article provides insights for policy-makers and public administrators interested in public value and policy analysis. By examining the recent experience of spending reviews in Spain, the study showcases how gender and income equality can be integrated into this process. The authors identify potential trade-offs between promoting equality and ensuring fiscal sustainability, as well as the tensions that may arise between gender and income equality objectives. Public administrators and politicians will benefit from understanding the potential conflicts and trade-offs between different public values. Overall, this article underscores the necessity of comprehensive impact analysis in public policy—promoting transparency and informed decision-making that aligns with societal values and needs. This article documents the incorporation of gender and income equality references into spending reviews in Spain. This is a new direction, as spending reviews have to date mostly been employed, and studied, as instruments geared towards achieving efficiency and managing budgetary cutbacks. The article interprets and discusses this new development as a manifestation of the 'public value' movement in public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Input–output multipliers are typically calculated as point estimates of the Leontief quantity model. From the previous literature, they can also be estimated (and their confidence intervals) directly from establishments'/industries' inputs and outputs data by running an appropriate econometric regression. However, previous contributions relied on analyses carried out for 1 single year, one country/region and a reduced number of degrees of freedom. This paper tests the robustness of the previous literature by using instead a time series of large-scale inter-country supply, use and input–output database with more than one country and more than 1 year, as well as panel data econometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities play a crucial role in the creation and promotion of academic spin-offs, which is why public funding programmes are implemented to improve start-up support there. So far, however, there has been little robust evidence as to whether such programmes actually improve start-up support mechanisms at universities. Against this backdrop, the present study makes a contribution by examining the effects of a large German university funding programme entitled 'EXIST—Potentials' on the start-up support of the funded universities. Using an indicator that measures start-up support at universities very broadly and employing a before-and-after comparison group design, reliable results on the effectiveness of the programme are presented. The findings suggest that the programme is effective in improving start-up support mechanisms at universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet of things (IoT) is a network of connected devices, enabling the exchange and collection of data from various environments. The routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is a protocol for routing IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks, commonly used in IoT applications. However, RPL has several security and privacy issues that make it vulnerable to various attacks, including rank attacks (RA), which can lead to denial-of-service (DoS) scenarios. This research aims to address the impact of RA on RPL networks by conducting simulations using the Contiki/Cooja simulator with two topology types, random and grid, along with three RA scenarios and a normal network scenario. The study compares the performance of RPL network OF0 and MRHOF in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), hop count (HC) and delay. The results demonstrate that RA significantly degrades network performance and reduces network lifetime, thus draining its limited resources. Some possible solutions are also suggested to mitigate these attacks by focusing on core components of the network like objective function (OF) and node behavior. Future work will focus on studying security mechanisms for RPL against RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watershed development initiatives have emerged as key tools for achieving sustainable rural development, especially in countries experiencing environmental degradation and resource constraints. Despite the increasing acknowledgment of the significance of watershed development interventions, there remains a dearth of comprehensive frameworks for evaluating their effects on the socioeconomic progress of communities, particularly concerning rural livelihoods and household food security outcomes. Hence, this study addresses this gap by developing a comprehensive impact analysis conceptual framework tailored to assess the impact of watershed development on socioeconomic aspects. This study designed the framework by incorporating existing theoretical perspectives (the sustainable livelihoods framework, political ecology, theory of change, and community-based natural resource management) and making essential adjustments. This novel conceptual framework offers a multifaceted approach to assess the socioeconomic impacts of watershed development projects, particularly on rural livelihoods and household food security. Employing a mixed methods approach, the framework sheds light on how interventions affect the livelihood assets and strategies of rural communities, ultimately influencing their food security and well-being. Furthermore, it examines how community involvement and national policy affect these efforts. By providing a holistic understanding of watershed development dynamics, this framework allows researchers and practitioners to assess impacts, identify trade-offs, and evaluate interventions. This informs policymakers about evidence-based interventions to promote sustainable socioeconomic development in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Input–output multipliers are typically calculated as point estimates of the Leontief quantity model. From the previous literature, they can also be estimated (and their confidence intervals) directly from establishments’/industries’ inputs and outputs data by running an appropriate econometric regression. However, previous contributions relied on analyses carried out for 1 single year, one country/region and a reduced number of degrees of freedom. This paper tests the robustness of the previous literature by using instead a time series of large-scale inter-country supply, use and input–output database with more than one country and more than 1 year, as well as panel data econometrics.

Composite armoring materials are generally fabricated using multiple layers of metallic and non-metallic materials such as titanium, steel, aluminum, ceramics, epoxy, resins, etc. Building these armor materials in the first place aims to withstand high-velocity bullets. Aluminum alloys are the best choice to offer increased mobility and excellent properties like a high strength-to-weight ratio, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. In this research, Forrestal and Warren scaling law techniques were employed to determine the optimal aluminum armor plate thickness to withstand 500 m/s velocity 7.62 mm projectile releasing from the pistol . FEA package Ansys was utilized for numerical simulations of bullet penetration, validating the results obtained from the scaling laws. After that, friction-assisted additive manufacturing (FAAM) was explored to build an AA6061/AA7075 laminated aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC) for armor. Considering the plate thickness, the FAAM tool was designed with an optimum shoulder length, shoulder diameter, pin length, and pin diameter. Then the optimized process parameters were utilized to build the multi-stack armor plate using dissimilar aluminum alloys. Microstructural, and mechanical characterizations were conducted to assess the feasibility of the FAAM-built multi-stack armor plate. The findings of the work revealed better-refined grain’s microstructural profile in comparison with base materials and resulted in higher tensile and micro-hardness results. FAAM build improved the mechanical strength and yield strength of the base alloy AA6061 by roughly 25% and 31%, respectively.

Gemäß Nationalem Krebsplan sollen alle an Krebs erkranken Personen eine qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung entsprechend evidenzbasierten Behandlungsleitlinien in einheitlich qualifizierten Zentren erhalten. Die WiZen-Studie konnte für alle 11 untersuchten Krebsarten relevante Überlebensvorteile bei Erstbehandlung in einem durch die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) zertifizierten Zentrum gegenüber nicht zertifizierten Krankenhäusern zeigen. Dennoch wird ein hoher Anteil an Krebserkrankten in nicht-zertifizierten Krankenhäusern behandelt. Das Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) sieht für den Bereich der onkologischen Chirurgie eine Konzentration vor; dabei sollen die die Krankenhausstandorte, die bei einer Krebsentität zusammen die wenigsten und zusammen 15% der Fälle mit entsprechenden onkochirugischen Leistungen erbringen, von der Vergütung ausgenommen werden. Wir untersuchten mittels einer Auswirkungsanalyse basierend auf Daten nach § 21 KHEntgG des Jahres 2022, inwieweit die vorgesehene Leistungskonzentration zur Umsetzung des Nationalen Krebsplans und der Ergebnisse der WiZen-Studie führt. Betrachtet wurden die Entitäten Mammakarzinom, Pankreaskarzinom, Bronchialkarzinom, Kolonkarzinom, Rektumkarzinom, Magenkarzinom und Ösophaguskarzinom. Von den Standorten, die die Kriterien des KHVVG erfüllen würden, sind zwischen 17,9% (Mammakarzinom) und 85,5% (Magenkarzinom) nicht gemäß den Kriterien der DKG zertifiziert. Somit würde bei Umsetzung des § 40 KHG (neu) ein beträchtlicher Anteil an Patientinnen und Patienten weiterhin außerhalb zertifizierter Zentren behandelt werden und entsprechende Qualitätspotenziale ungehoben bleiben. Dazu kommt, dass durch die vorgesehene Neuregelung nur die operativen Eingriffe pro (Karzinom)Entität adressiert wird – und damit alle nicht onkochirurgischen Krebsbehandlungen von der qualitätsbasierten Leistungskonzentration ausnehmen. Insgesamt erscheint es zur Erreichung des Ziels der Krankenhausreform, nämlich Morbidität und Mortalität von Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer Krebserkrankung zu verbessern, wesentlich zielführender, die onkologische Versorgung wie im Nationalen Krebsplan vorgesehen exklusiv auf diejenigen Einrichtungen zu begrenzen, die den Zertifizierungsbedingungen der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft entsprechen und damit nachweislich eine leitlinienkonforme, evidenzbasierte Versorgung von Krebserkrankten sicherstellen. Entsprechend einer Analyse der Regierungskommission würde dadurch die Erreichbarkeit für die Bevölkerung nicht in relevantem Maße eingeschränkt werden.

This study explores the impact of varying rim widths on the structural integrity and impact resistance of plastic cup lids sealed with laminate film. Employing a quantitative approach, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations and empirical drop tests were conducted to address a notable gap in the field of packaging engineering. The research findings reveal that decreasing the rim width from 5 mm to 2 mm significantly lowers the threshold for damage from a drop height of 1.55 meters to approximately 1.30 meters, underscoring a direct relationship between rim width and lid durability under transportation stresses. The study highlights that narrower rims lead to heightened stress concentrations at lower drop heights, thus increasing the likelihood of structural failure. Integrating water hammer theory helped elucidate the dynamic responses within the cup structure during impact, providing a detailed analysis of how stress distribution and failure modes are influenced by changes in rim width. Practical implications of this research are substantial, offering actionable insights for the packaging industry on designing more robust and resource-efficient packaging solutions. By reducing rim width, manufacturers can achieve cost savings and environmental benefits through decreased material usage while maintaining product integrity. Future research directions proposed include applying these insights to a broader range of packaging materials and enhancing the environmental scope of the models to increase their applicability and predictive accuracy in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented 2021 Heat Dome caused wide-ranging and long-lasting impacts in western Canada, including 619 confirmed heat-related deaths in British Columbia, a doubling of emergency medical calls, increased hospitalisations, infrastructure failures and stress on plants and animals. However, such varied socio-economic consequences of extreme heat can be challenging to capture using a single post-event analysis method. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative approaches and data sources. Using the 2021 Heat Dome as a case study, a post-event analysis using online news media articles (n = 2909) from 5 subscription news databases and a grey literature search was conducted to identify the socio-economic impacts of the extreme heat event in Canada. The articles reported a wide range of effects to the natural environment (n = 1366), social infrastructure and services (n = 1121), human health (n = 1074), critical infrastructure (n = 988) and the private sector (n = 165). The media-based post-event analysis captured various impacts, some of which have not been identified through other data sources and approaches. Overall, we show that media analysis can complement traditional post-event analysis methods and provide additional perspectives to governments and public health and safety officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact dynamics of pile-soil interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of kinetic energy dissipation within these systems during vehicular impacts. The study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the force-displacement and energy-displacement responses of piles embedded in crushed limestone material through dynamic bogie testing. A three-dimensional, large-deformation, nonlinear finite element model was developed to enhance the analysis. The computational model integrated a damage-based, elastoviscoplastic soil model with an elastoplastic steel pile model, incorporating strain rate effects. A continuum, damage-based element-erosion algorithm is also employed to accurately simulate large soil deformations, representing a significant advancement in simulation capabilities. The proposed model was validated against physical impact test data, demonstrating a strong correlation with measured force-displacement and energy-displacement results. This model was subsequently utilized to investigate the effects of impact velocity and soil strength on the energy dissipation capacity of pile-soil systems during lateral vehicular impacts. Additionally, this study critically examined the limitations of conventional simulation methods, such as the Updated Lagrangian Finite Element Method (UL-FEM), in capturing the dynamic pile-soil interactions and large soil deformations involved in laterally-impacted pile-soil systems. The research provided fundamental insights into the mechanics of dynamic soil-structure interactions under impact loading, contributing significantly to the geotechnical design and analysis of soil-embedded vehicle barrier systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to clarify the differences between the previously reported mechanisms of sports-related concussion (SRC) injuries without a loss of consciousness in contact and collision sports and the mechanisms of SRC injuries in our cases. Based on two videos of SRC injuries occurring during a men's rhythmic gymnastics competition (three people were injured), the risk of SRC occurrence was estimated from various parameters using a multibody analysis and eight brain injury evaluation criteria. In the present study, the three SRC impacts that occurred in men's rhythmic gymnastics showed significant characteristics in duration compared to previously reported cases in the contact sports. This suggests that the occurrence of SRC may have been caused by a different type of impact from that which causes SRC in contact sports (e.g., tackling). In addition, calculation of the strain indicating the rate of brain deformation suggested a risk of nerve swelling in all cases involving type 2 axonal injuries. Therefore, when reexamining sports-related head injuries, it is important to recognize the characteristics and mechanisms of SRC that occur in each different sport, as well as the symptoms and course of SRC after injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a Finite Element Method (FEM) model to evaluate motorcyclist helmet performance, with a focus on stress distribution in the temporal bone region and its impact on brain protection. The model includes an ISI 4151 rated helmet coupled with equivalent head foam mass. Results show that Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) shells reduce cortical bone impact by 97% through lateral load distribution, while Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam absorbs and protects the head. The study also incorporates lateral falls on flat and hemispherical anvils to assess helmet performance in real-life scenarios. These findings contribute to improved helmet design and safety for motorcyclists, enhancing overall rider protection. The analysis highlights the importance of ABS shells in minimising impact on cortical bones and the role of EPS foam in absorbing and mitigating head injury risks. The study's insights inform the development of advanced helmet materials and designs for enhanced safety in motorcycle riding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite armoring materials are generally fabricated using multiple layers of metallic and non-metallic materials such as titanium, steel, aluminum, ceramics, epoxy, resins, etc. building these armor materials in the first place aims to withstand high-velocity bullets. Aluminum alloys are the best choice to offer increased mobility and excellent properties like a high strength- to-weight ratio, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. In this research, Forrestal and Warren scaling law techniques were employed to determine the optimal aluminum armor plate thickness to withstand 500 m/s velocity 7.62 mm projectile releasing from the pistol . FEA package Ansys was utilized for numerical simulations of bullet penetration, validating the results obtained from the scaling laws. After that, friction-assisted additive manufacturing (FAAM) was explored to build an AA6061/AA7075 laminated aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC) for armor. Considering the plate thickness, the FAAM tool was designed with an optimum shoulder length, shoulder diameter, pin length, and pin diameter. then the optimized process parameters were utilized to build the multi-stack armor plate using dissimilar aluminum alloys. Microstructural, and mechanical characterizations were conducted to assess the feasibility of the FAAM-built multi-stack armor plate. the findings of the work revealed better-refined grain's microstructural profile in comparison with base materials and resulted in higher tensile and micro-hardness results. FAAM build improved the mechanical strength and yield strength of the base alloy AA6061 by roughly 25% and 31%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies in the nuclear power sector are constantly being challenged to improve their safety and reliability due to increasing complexity arise from evolving safety regulations, long production life, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the need for analyzing the impact of the changes in an operational life cycle. Recognizing these challenges, the paper proposes a transition to Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) as a transformative solution to improve the management of such complex systems. With this objective, this paper presents a workflow implementation that demonstrates the MBSE methodologies to define a concept model, system architecture, impact analysis, safety and reliability analysis, and operational decision‐making of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP). The paper concludes that MBSE provides a potent approach to managing NPP by employing graphical models to develop interrelated systems that has strong adaptability to heterogeneous environments and regulatory changes. The simulation results demonstrated an NPP life cycle, impact analysis, and a test case for model‐based safety and reliability analysis for regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, balance safety, and informed decision‐making in NPP. The study also leads to a number of interesting directions of future work such as synchronization through Product Lifecycle Management, integration with Building Information Modeling, Model‐Based Commissioning/Decommissioning, and Model‐Based Cyber System Security tailored for nuclear power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and its impact on the socio-economic status of beneficiaries in selected municipalities of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. A mixed methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies within a triangulation design. The study involved 340 respondents from four municipalities of varying income classes. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency distribution, ranking, weighted mean, and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while qualitative data were analyzed using in vivo coding and thematic analysis. The results reveal differing levels of program effectiveness across the municipalities and significant impacts on the socio-economic status of beneficiaries.The findings suggest that while the 4Ps program has positively impacted the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries, there is a need to refine its implementation strategies to ensure more uniform benefits across different municipalities. Enhancements to the 4Ps program's implementation could further improve its effectiveness in poverty alleviation across various municipalities in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to assess the impact on two main aspects: profitability performance and solvency performance of construction state-owned enterprises (BUMNs). It evaluates changes in net profit and related profitability indicators, as well as changes in the debt-to-equity ratio and other solvency indicators during the assignment period. By examining these aspects, the research aims to provide a scientific perspective on how the assignment of national strategic projects affects the financial health of the assigned companies. The study utilizes a case study approach with a descriptive method, focusing on financial data extracted from the annual reports of three BUMNs: PT Waskita Karya (Persero), PT Hutama Karya (Persero), and PT Adhi Karya (Persero). These companies have been tasked with executing National Strategic Projects (PSNs) since 2015. The scope of the study spans from one year prior to the assignment in 2014 to the performance year of 2022. The sample selection is based on the significant roles of these companies in implementing PSNs in Indonesia. The research data includes elements from the companies' financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, gathered from annual financial reports accessible through official websites or financial databases. Financial analysis techniques, including Common Size Analysis, Ratio Analysis, Z-Score Analysis, Economic Value Added (EVA), and Du Pont Analysis, will be applied to analyze and compare the financial performance of the three BUMNs throughout the study period. The research findings suggest that PSN assignments had a significant impact on the profitability of PT Hutama Karya (Persero), PT Waskita Karya (Persero), and PT Adhi Karya (Persero). All three companies faced increased financial pressure due to interest burdens, indicating internal financial strains affecting profits. While PT Hutama Karya experienced increased interest burdens, PT Waskita Karya showed limited revenue growth, and PT Adhi Karya witnessed a decline in net income. Solvency varied among the companies, with PT Adhi Karya and PT Hutama Karya demonstrating good short-term liquidity, whereas PT Waskita Karya experienced decreased liquidity. Economic value added decreased for all three companies, reflecting challenges in generating returns equivalent to capital and debt utilized. PT Adhi Karya and PT Hutama Karya improved capital structure, while PT Waskita Karya showed limited improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, many jurisdictions have established regulations governing the use of live baitfish in recreational fishing. Live baitfish can originate from either aquaculture farms or wild harvest. Live bait regulations are usually motivated by conservation concerns, such as the role that live baitfish play in the spread of invasive species and aquatic diseases. One barrier that may prevent policy regulation of live baitfish is the fear among policymakers that limiting the use of live baitfish could impact the general public’s interest in fishing. However, conservation policy is hindered by the fact that there is very little research on this concern. In this study, we conduct a before-after control-intervention (BACI) analysis to test whether live baitfish regulations in the United States are followed by changes in recreational fishing. Using data from the 1960s to the present day, we analyze four states that have implemented live baitfish restrictions: Maine, New York, Vermont and Colorado. We find that live baitfish restrictions do not cause a decline in the public’s participation in fishing. Our results can empower policymakers to craft evidence-based regulations on the use of live baitfish for conservation purposes while remaining confident that such policies are not likely to cause any unintended consequences on the recreational fishing community.

In this paper, a load-sharing performance analysis method of the planetary gear system is proposed considering the coupling effects of double-helical gear and journal bearing. Firstly, the coupling effects between the meshing characteristics of the double-helical gear pair and the dynamic characteristics of journal bearing under the actual operation state are studied, the dynamic model of the double-helical gear planetary transmission system is established, and the load sharing coefficient before and after considering the coupling effects are calculated; secondly, the load sharing characteristic test rig of planetary transmission system is built, and the load sharing coefficient of gear system under the test condition is measured to verify the accuracy of the proposed method; finally, the effects of operating parameters and structural parameters on the load sharing characteristic of gear system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of research and development (R&D) tax incentives in generating additional business R&D expenditures in Turkey by applying propensity score matching (PSM) to correct any selection bias and to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Since the empirical literature lacks measurement of the effectiveness of these incentives in Turkey and partially touches upon global cases, this study contributes to fill this gap in the literature. For this purpose, the hypothesis that "R&D tax incentives increase business sector R&D intensity (the ratio of firm's net R&D expenditures to total turnover)" is tested, and the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives is examined in the context of input additionality. The questions of whether R&D tax incentives are effective in increasing business sector R&D intensity and to what extent R&D tax incentives produce additional R&D intensity are answered. According to the results, R&D tax incentives have a positive effect on business sector R&D intensity. However, the additionality impact is limited since the R&D tax incentive multiplier is between 0 and 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being the largest consumer of sugar, India had relied on sugar imports during the first decade of twenty-first century. However, advent of wonder varieties developed by Sugarcane Breeding Institute of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR-SBI) has revolutionized sugar production since 2010, and the country has turned into a sugar exporter since 2016. The objective of the study is to analyse the impact of such wonder varieties on sugar production, consumption and prices. Here, sugar prices were compared with the WPI of primary articles and analysed for a possible difference in the prices with and without adjusting for inflation. It was found that, sugar prices were lesser than the inflation adjusted sugar price during the study period (2010–2022), depicting the impact of production surplus in meeting the rise in consumption demand. Although domestic sugar prices were over and above the global sugar prices, the prices remained stable with no short-term spike in the sugar prices. It is therefore evident that the wonder varieties have not only created production surplus but also stabilized sugar prices during the study period. Using the historic time series data, ARIMA results revealed that the demand for sugar would be around 341.64 lakh tonnes by 2032–33, which is expected to grow at an annual average rate of 1.55 per cent per annum. The study suggests a sustained sugarcane and sugar production in the country to protect the domestic market from global price shocks taking into account the fuel ethanol production for EBP (ethanol blended petroleum) programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confronted with China's burgeoning population and finite arable land resources, the enhancement of sustainable arable land efficiency is of paramount importance. This study, grounded in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduces a robust framework for assessing sustainable arable land use. Utilizing the Sustainable Utilization of Arable Land (SUA) indicator system, the DGA–Super-SBM model, the Malmquist–Luenberger production index, and the TO–Fisher–OSM algorithm, we evaluated the efficiency of sustainable utilization of arable land (ESUA) in 52 prefecture-level cities within China's major grain-producing regions of the Yellow and Huaihai Seas. We analyzed the cropland utilization patterns from 2010 to 2020, examining the influence of these patterns on sustainable utilization efficiency. Our findings indicate that between 2010 and 2020, the arable land usage in these regions exhibited minimal transformation, primarily shifting towards construction land and conversely from grassland and water systems. Notably, the ESUA of arable land demonstrated an upward trend, characterized by pronounced spatial clustering, enduring high efficiency in the northern regions, and a significant surge in the southern sectors. The declining ESUA (D-ESUA) trend was general but increased in half of the cities. The change in the center of gravity of ESUA correlated with the north–south movement of the proportion of cultivated land area, the turn-in rate, and the turn-out rate, yet moved in the opposite direction to that of cultivated land density and yield per unit area. Variables such as the replanting index, cropland density, yield per unit area, and cropland turn-in rate significantly affected ESUA. These findings offer a scientific basis and decision-making support for optimizing the utilization pattern of arable land and achieving a rational allocation of arable land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total primary embodied energy (EE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (ECO2e) of geopolymer concrete (GPC) in high-rise (60 m height) residential buildings located at Chennai city, India, were carefully examined in this study. The buildings were analysed and designed with the same aspect ratio and loading with two structural systems; Reinforced concrete (RC) framed and Shear wall type. The computation was performed for floor area, building volume, and concrete quantity. The results show that for the same grade of concrete, compared with conventional concrete (CC), GPC's EE is reduced by 46%, ECO2e is reduced by 42%, and the cost is reduced by 7%. The primary energy consumption (EET) and CO2 emissions (ECO2eT) towards material transportation in GPC shear wall and framed structures are 8% lower and associated cost is 22% cheaper than CC buildings. Compared to CC, the total primary EE and ECO2e of GPC RC shear wall and framed buildings are 46 and 55% lower, respectively. From the study, it has been observed that GPC is more environmentally beneficial than that of using CC in high-rise structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate the community-level impact of foreign aid projects on women's empowerment in the country with the most complete recent record of geo-coded aid project placement, Malawi. Our estimates can thus be interpreted as the average impact of aid from many different donors and diverse projects. We find that aid in general has a positive impact, in particular on an index of female agency and women's sexual and fertility preferences. Gender-targeted aid has a further positive impact on women's sexual and fertility preferences, and more tentatively on an index focusing on gender-based violence. However, the positive impact of gender-targeted aid disappears in patrilineal communities, and men's attitudes towards female agency in the areas of sexuality and fertility are even negatively affected. This suggests that donors need to consider that the impact of aid on female empowerment can depend on the community context when they decide on aid project design and placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High specific impact strength and stiffness are demanded in various applications, leading to the widespread utilization of fiber‐reinforced polymers. Synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymers have been used to meet these engineering requirements. However, the current popularity of biocomposites arises from their environmental friendliness, ease of availability, and affordability, making them a favored alternative to synthetic‐based fiber‐reinforced polymers. An assessment must be conducted to determine whether biocomposites can replace their synthetic fiber counterparts, necessitating a thorough investigation into their impact behavior. This study aims to unveil the impact performance of hybrid biocomposites made from unidirectional prepregs comprising flax/polypropylene fibers and nonwoven mats composed of hemp/polypropylene fibers. The impact performance of hybrid biocomposites has also been studied concerning the number of layers and stacking sequence. Eight different designs of biocomposite plates are manufactured through compression molding and subsequently subjected to high‐velocity impact tests. Additionally, numerical simulation using the FEM is utilized to model and analyze the impact behavior of one specimen. The test results indicate that each design possesses unique characteristics and impact behaviors differ. Highlights: Adding prepreg significantly improved mechanical performance in the biocomposites.Performance enhancement varies depending on the stacking sequence.Adding multiple layers of UD prepregs enhances mat impact performance.Numerical simulations validate the Tsai‐Wu criterion for impact testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Memorandum on Lifelong Learning was launched in October 2000 by the European Commission and has been debated ever since in all member states of the European Union, leading to the publication of a follow-up document in 2001 which promoted a "European area of lifelong learning". The Memorandum was a unique document in terms of both form and content, and its outcome and immediate impact were remarkable. But what is the long-term effect of this document, considering policymaking processes and scholarly debates in various EU member states and beyond? The authors of this article aim to answer this question by highlighting the Memorandum's "key messages" and analysing how it is referenced in academic papers and publications. Their main findings confirm the Memorandum's significant impact, including a long-term one, particularly in raising awareness of the importance of adult education in the political debate. Despite a decrease in explicit references to the document in policy papers over the past ten years, other more recent references to the Memorandum can still be identified in the latest policy documents and academic debates. Scholarly papers are particularly interested in critical content analysis, pointing out the strengths and limitations of the Memorandum and its follow-up document. During the past decade, the academic debate has become more active than in the first ten years since the Memorandum's publication, demonstrating its long-term impact on various sectors in the field of lifelong learning, even outside Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neue Kriminalpolitik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a relatively new, innovative and sustainable green civil engineering material, which has many advantages similar to ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Through the investigations and analyses of published literature, this review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress with respect to the carbonization performances of GPC from the following aspects. First of all, the advantages, carbonization mechanism, and carbonization identification methods of GPC are introduced. Second, the carbonization properties between GPC and OPC are compared, as well as the influences of different factors on the carbonization performance of GPC are analyzed, such as admixtures, additives, environment, etc. Finally, a series of models to evaluate the degree of carbonization are listed, and the future prospect of GPC carbonization research is also put forward. Based on the literature summaries, existing researchers still have great controversy about the research results on the anti-carbonization properties of geopolymer gelling materials, mainly because of the diversity of raw materials in the geopolymer system, resulting in large differences in the hydration products and microstructure of various geopolymer pulps, so there are differences in their anti-carbon performance. It is significant that the influential factors will be of great importance to determine the carbonization performances of GPC, which can also be extended to the anti-carbonization properties of GPC, such as the filling effect of nanoparticles, changing the proportion of silicon and aluminum substances, and improving the mechanical properties and durability of GPC. In addition, more types of numerical models for the carbonization of GPC should be established, considering more impact factors, to ensure the applicability and accuracy, and the integration of the models needs be more strengthened to serve for the complex engineering practices. Overall, the carbonization model establishment will contribute to analyzing the durability of GPC and provide some clues for prolonging its life.

With the trend of multiple energies or flexible demand in power systems, binary variables appear in system-wide constraints, which are the foundation of marginal pricing currently in markets. An appropriate pricing method incentivizes compliance of market participants; otherwise, compliance can be incentivized by paying discriminatory uplift payments which jeopardize transparency of markets. This paper proposes two theorems to examine whether the binary variables brought by multiple energies and flexible demand will impact compliance under marginal pricing. The first theorem shows sufficient conditions with which marginal pricing with fixed binary variables incentivizes compliance, while the second theorem shows sufficient conditions to require uplift payments. To improve transparency by reducing uplift payments under cases which fall into the second theorem, this paper further proposes a pricing method by combining 1) designed constraints to price binary variables in system-wide constraints, and 2) convex hull pricing to price binary variables in private constraints. Effectiveness of the proposed theorems and pricing method is verified in an electricity-gas case (consisting of the IEEE 30-bus system and the NGS 10-node system) and the IEEE 118-bus test system.

The zygomatic bone, a fundamental structure in facial anatomy, is exposed to fractures in impact situations, such as traffic accidents or contact sports. The installation of zygomatic implants can also alter the distribution of forces in this region, increasing the risk of fractures. To evaluate this situation, the first step is to develop a complex anatomical model from the stomatognathic point of view so that simulations in this sense can be validated. This study uses numerical simulation using a finite-element method (FEM) to analyze the behavior of the zygomatic bone under impacts of different velocities, offering a more realistic approach than previous studies by including the mandible, cervical spine, and masticatory muscles. Methods: An FEM model was developed based on 3D scans of actual bones, and simulations were performed using Abaqus Explicit 2023 software (Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). The impact was evaluated using a steel cylinder (200 mm length, 40 mm diameter, 2 kg weight) impacted at speeds of 5, 10, 15, and 20 km/h. Zygomatic, maxillary, and mandibular bone properties were based on dynamic stiffness parameters, and bone damage was analyzed using ductile fracture and fracture energy criteria. Results: The results show that at impact velocities of 15 and 20 km/h, the zygomatic bone suffered crush fractures, with impact forces up to 400 kg. At 10 km/h, a combination of crushing and bending was observed, while at 5 km/h, only local damage without complete fracture was detected. The maximum stresses were concentrated at the zygoma–jaw junction, with values above 100 MPa at some critical points. Conclusion: The FEM model developed offers a detailed representation of the mechanical behavior, integrating the main structures of the stomatognathic apparatus of the zygomatic bone under impact, providing valuable information to, for example, advance injury prevention and zygomatic implant design. Higher impact velocities result in severe fractures, underscoring the need for protective measures in clinical and sports settings.

In 2021, Manggarai Regency had 20 schools targeted for BAN S/M NTT accreditation. This accreditation process evaluates school services based on key components such as the quality of graduates, the learning process, teacher quality, and school management, utilizing 36 core assessment points. Our research centers on understanding the intricate relationship between teacher quality components and the learning process. Employing a cross-analysis and a concise descriptive approach, we identified both positive and negative impacts within each component, either directly or indirectly. Utilizing a descriptive-qualitative method, we scrutinized accreditation results documents and conducted cross-cutting analyses to discern these impacts. Our findings revealed a significant connection between the components of teacher quality and the learning process. Specifically, the subpar performance of teachers in points 22 and 21 directly influenced the students' activeness, ability, and skills during the learning process (as evident in points 12 and 15). The primary objective of this research is to delve into this relationship between accreditation components and offer strategic solutions to address the identified negative impacts. In adhering to the research objectives, we maintain brevity in presenting the methods and results, prioritizing a focused exploration of the relationship between teacher quality components and the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze how European Union Politics has evolved over the last 25 years. Our analysis demonstrates that the goals the editorial team has pursued over this quarter century have only partly been reached. While the journal has helped to consolidate EU studies as a field of research in its own rights, several problems of representation persist in the journal and the social sciences in general. We identify besides the well-known gender gap that especially authors from the (European) South and East continue to be underrepresented in submitted and published articles. While less represented and successful at the submission stage, our results show that female scholars are more likely than male author teams to publish high-impact articles. Our findings indicate that studies of political behavior, broadly conceived, and articles using quantitative methods are well-represented. The article concludes with some remarks on how the journal might help to further professionalize the study of the EU in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many business entities in Slovakia felt the pressure of government restrictions during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially entities from SK NACE I: accommodation and food services activities. The main objective of this article is to analyse the return on equity, assets and sales in selected sectors in Slovakia and find out if the Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on these profitability ratios. Firstly, we use ex-post financial analyses and then Friedman's nonparametric test to find those groups of years between which there are differences. The study period 2016-2021 includes comparisons before the Covid-19 period, as well as dealing with the pandemic era. Our investigation concerns 321 business entities from SK NACE I, especially from Division 56: Food and beverage service activities. The findings showed the impact of the pandemic on profitability indicators such as total assets, equity, and sales. Therefore, it was feasible to establish that these are the indicators most affected by the pandemic, such as the economic outcome after taxes, assets, equity, and sales. Additionally, significant differences in indicators were confirmed in the pairs of years 2019–2020 and 2019–2021. Significant changes were confirmed between the years provided, which may most likely be attributed to the outbreak of the pandemic of the viral disease Covid-19. This study and its results may have added value for the management of business entities and the government of the Slovak Republic by stimulating the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms in these sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]