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Restrictive immigration policies harm the mental health of undocumented immigrants and their U.S. citizen family members. As a sociopolitical stressor, threat to family due to immigration policy can heighten anxiety, yet it is unclear whether political engagement helps immigrant-origin students to cope. We used a cross-sectional survey of college students from immigrant families (N = 2,511) to investigate whether anxiety symptomatology was associated with perceived threat to family and if political engagement moderated this relationship. We stratified analyses by self/parental immigration statuses-undocumented students, U.S. citizens with undocumented parents, and U.S. citizens with lawfully present parents-to examine family members' legal vulnerability. Family threat was significantly associated with anxiety; higher levels of political engagement reduced the strength of this relationship. However, this moderation effect was significant only for U.S. citizens with lawfully present parents. These findings emphasize the importance of the family immigration context in shaping individuals' mental health outcomes.

Aims and objectives: The existing literature indicates that shared book reading is associated with benefits in children’s home language development. Parents play a significant role in shaping children’s language outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among the quality of parents’ shared book reading, children’s language output, receptive vocabulary, and expressive vocabulary outcomes in the home language of dual language learners (DLLs) to inform book reading practices that can support DLLs’ early home language development. Methodology: 36 Mexican American (43–67 months) and 31 Chinese American (38–70 months) DLLs and their mothers, who were home language dominant, were recruited from Head Start programs, which are federally funded programs that provide early childhood education to low-income children, in Northern California. Data and analysis: Utterances produced by the parents during parent–child shared book reading were coded for cognitive demand levels. DLLs’ home language expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary and information about parents’ demographics and parent–child shared reading frequency were collected. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were computed. Findings/conclusions: The findings demonstrated possible cultural differences in mothers’ book reading quality regarding cognitive demand. Although maternal statements and questions were not significantly associated with DLLs’ home language receptive and expressive vocabulary for both groups, asking yes/no, referential, and inferential questions were more likely to evoke more language output from DLLs. Originality: This study extends the literature on home language development of low-income DLLs during parent–child shared reading, as only a few studies have investigated the significance of shared reading in the home language. Significance/implications: The findings of this study yield important implications for parents’ shared reading practices with low-income DLLs. Using all levels of cognitively demanding speech and encouraging DLLs to talk during shared reading may benefit their home language development.

Harlow's seminal work on the nature of attachment focused on the importance of warm, responsive, and loving relationships in children's healthy development. While the need for love and care is arguably universal, the ways in which these emotions are expressed can vary across cultural contexts. We examined how Chinese American parents' expressions of love were associated with children's attachment security. A total of 110 Chinese American immigrant parent–child dyads (children 7–11 years old, 49% girls) participated in 3‐min conversations in which parents were instructed to communicate love and care. Proposition‐level analyses in speech (total 8825 propositions) identified three types of affection: training (guan and chiao shun); relational affection (qin); and validation (acceptance and encouragement of child's own expression of emotion, thoughts, and behaviors). Higher training was observed in parents with lower American orientation and lower income. Higher relational affection was observed in parents with lower income. Higher validation was observed in parents with higher income. Using path analyses, training and validation were found to be positively associated with children's attachment security beyond parenting styles. Effects of parents' relational affection were moderated by children's American orientation. Results demonstrate how immigrant parents draw on multiple cultural scripts to express love and care. These findings expand traditional concepts of parental love in immigrant families and illustrate how bicultural expressions of love can shape attachment security in middle childhood. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/HqUfIDxkFsE Research Highlights: Analyses of parent‐child discussions identified three parental affection styles (i.e., training, relational affection, and validation) as expressions of love and care in Chinese American immigrant families.Training and validation were positively associated with children's attachment security.Relational affection was associated with lower attachment security for children with higher American cultural orientation, suggesting the effects of parent–child expressions of love are shaped by acculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to studies of ethnic identity development in adolescence, fewer investigations have examined the development of ethnic identity during middle childhood, a developmental period of dynamic social and cognitive changes that have direct implications for social identity and group membership. Moreover, research on the developmental processes of Asian American youth has also primarily utilized cross‐group comparisons, while neglecting consideration of variations in acculturation, socioeconomic status, and other sociodemographic characteristics within Asian American ethnic groups. Using a socioeconomically‐ and acculturatively‐diverse sample of Chinese immigrant families in the United States (N = 169; 49.1% girls; M = 9.16 years; SD = 1.05), the present study examined how parents' ERS practices varied by parents' socioeconomic status, education, and cultural orientations, then tested associations between parents' ERS and children's self‐reported ethnic centrality and ethnic regard. More highly‐educated Chinese American immigrant parents reported more frequent cultural socialization and more acculturated parents reported more preparation of their children for racial and ethnic bias. Consistent with hypotheses, parents' cultural socialization was positively associated with children's self‐reported ethnic centrality and positive regard. Results highlight the roles of social status and acculturation in Chinese immigrant parents' ERS, and point to middle childhood as a key developmental window for ethnic identity socialization and development in immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications To assess the feasibility of implementing a culturally responsive version of Gottman's Seven Principles relationship education program in a community‐based setting for married Arab American adults.To provide high‐quality couple and relationship education, it is necessary to acknowledge the population's needs and cultural backgrounds. One ethnic minority group that needs special attention is the Arab American community, which shares protective factors in terms of family support, religious beliefs, resiliency, and collectivist culture.We adapted Gottman's Seven Principles Program and conducted a qualitative feasibility study to examine recruitment capability, program acceptability, demand, and participant response among 16 Arab American married adults.The results emphasize the vital role that thoughtful cultural and linguistic program adaptation played in increasing the acceptability and engagement of Arab American participants. However, results identified the ongoing stigma in Arab American communities against overtly seeking help for marital issues.This feasibility study provides helpful methodological and practical guidance to inform the design of larger scale randomized trials examining the efficacy of culturally responsive marriage education programs.This study outlined actionable strategies, adaptations, venues, and communication channels to reduce barriers and optimize the delivery of marriage education to Arab American couples and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology profoundly impacts family dynamics, posing challenges for therapists. This article explores how excessive technology use affects family interactions, illustrated through three case studies. The aim is to highlight the implications of overuse rather than the inherent properties of technology. Using Bowen family systems therapy and socioculturally attuned family therapy, a blending of these systemic approaches, the therapist designed targeted interventions to address excessive technology use within diverse family systems. Interventions shifted pre‐intervention attitudes and technology‐related beliefs, where family members viewed technology as either a source of conflict or an integral part of daily life. Six 90‐minute family therapy sessions were conducted where families, with varied pre‐intervention perspectives on technology, transitioned towards technology moderation, fostering digital mindfulness and offline family activities. Understanding and addressing the interplay between technology and family dynamics are crucial. Cultural considerations and sensitivity towards generational, ethnic and technological cultural differences were emphasised. An immigrant family and their first‐generation American children exemplify the intersection of cultural identity, generational technology gap and technology integration, advocating for socioculturally attuned therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study investigates the language use and ideologies of a Chinese-American youth who speaks English, Mandarin, and Fuzhounese, and lives in a predominantly white town. It addresses the scarcity of research on Chinese heritage speakers of varieties in addition to Mandarin, particularly those living outside Chinese communities with extensive heritage language resources. The participant mainly spoke standard English in formal domains, colloquial English informally, and a mixture of English and basic Mandarin at home with his parents, while predominantly using English with his sister. He knew only a few words in Fuzhounese, which was rarely spoken in his daily life. His language ideologies interacted with his identity as a Chinese-American, perceptions of linguistic hegemony, and iconization pertaining to different ethnic communities. He viewed Mandarin as his heritage language with global significance, while Fuzhounese, despite of not mutually comprehensible with Mandarin, was only regarded as a dialect by him, iconized with negative stereotypes about rural Fuzhou and Brooklyn Chinatown. The study enhances our understanding of how multilingual children from immigrant families navigate different languages, and provides implications for offering culturally and linguistically sensitive support for immigrant families speaking less commonly taught languages outside their ethnic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextual family therapy offers a unique explanatory and clinically valuable framework to address complex multigenerational processes in families of immigrants who experience cumulative migration‐related traumas. In this paper, we offer a new extended, specific conceptualization of immigrant families' generational dynamics using existing literature within the five‐dimensional contextual therapy framework illustrated with a clinical example. We highlight the importance of social and relational justice, loyalty, entitlement, and parentification in transgenerational processes in addressing manifestations of these traumas that are frequently overlooked in clinical practice with different generations of immigrant families. Clinical guiding principles include acknowledgment of the social nature of situational injustices and their consequences for relational justices, exploration of loyalty conflicts (familial, cultural, and national), active dialogue of mutual care, exoneration, and stimulating constructive entitlement through active giving. This paper contributes to further development of contextual therapy theory and provides practical guidance for clinicians working with international migrants including second and third generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on data from the multivocal video-cued ethnographic Agency and Young Children Study, we use critical discourse analysis to compare Latine immigrant parents’ and early childhood teachers’ ideas about agency and teacher control in the education of young Latine children. In video-cued focus group interviews, parents and teachers shared a belief in the importance of order and teacher control in the classroom but had very different rationales for these beliefs. Latine immigrant parents shared a deep concern for their children’s learning while teachers focused on their personal preferences and pressure around standards and testing. Through analysis of these perspectives, we consider the ways that racism and childism intersect to create particularly oppressive learning environments for young Children of Color, complicate and challenge long-standing stereotypes about Latine immigrant parents, and push back on teachers’ ideas about the relationship between control and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family language policy (FLP) is a key focus of immigrant families, as parents are considered to play a vital role in children’s bilingual language development. Nevertheless, many parents report that they do not have an FLP. Accordingly, their FLP planning style is unplanned and spontaneous. This study compares families’ FLP planning styles (overt vs. covert). Data was collected via questionnaires from parents and their English-Hebrew bilingual children (n = 82). Children’s receptive and expressive vocabulary of both languages were assessed to explore the impact of FLP planning style. Results confirm that families present with a desire for proficient outcomes in both languages. However, families with an overt planning style present with more pro-heritage language policies (e.g. promoting English use with siblings). Those with a covert planning style lean towards pro-societal language policies and children may be allowed to speak any language at home. Differences in FLP planning did not significantly impact ratings of home language use or children’s vocabulary. The perceived value of English as a global language may be partially responsible for the findings. The study confirms that although there are many effective ways to raise a bilingual child, FLP planning has implications for the bilingual language learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare telemedicine versus office visit use at two Medicaid-focused pediatric primary care clinics. Methods: Retrospective cohort study from March 15, 2020 - March 15, 2021 at two Medicaid-focused pediatric primary care clinics. Site A and Site B care for different populations (Site B care for mostly immigrant families with preferred language Spanish). Outcomes included the percent of visits conducted through telemedicine and reason for visit. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable mixed multilevel logistic regression, were used to assess relationship between patient demographics and telemedicine use. Results: Out of 17,142 total visits, 13% of encounters at Site A (n = 987) and 25% of encounters at Site B (n = 2,421) were conducted using telemedicine. Around 13.8% of well-child care (n = 1,515/10,997), 36.2% of mental health care (n = 572/1,581), and 25.0% of acute care/follow-up (n = 1,893/7,562) were telemedicine visits. After adjustment for covariates, there was no difference in odds of a patient having any telemedicine use by preferred language, sex, or payor. Patients 1–4 years of age had the lowest odds of telemedicine use. At Site A, patients who identified as Non-Hispanic Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24–0.45), Hispanic/Latinx (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24–0.66), or other race/ethnicity (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23–0.55) had lower odds of telemedicine use in comparison to Non-Hispanic White. Conclusions: Telemedicine was successfully accessed by Medicaid enrollees for different types of pediatric primary care. There was no difference in telemedicine use by preferred language and payor. However, differences existed by age at both sites and by race/ethnicity at one site. Future research should explore operational factors that improve telemedicine access for marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) scholarship emphasizes that differing ACEs affect the onset and course of psychopathology, and that sociopolitical context contributes to ACEs experienced by marginalized youth. Guided by the Immigration-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences Model, we explored the associations between different ACEs—immigration enforcement fear and perceived economic hardship—on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among first and second-generation Latinx youth in immigrant families. Participants (n = 306) included students from 11 high schools in two states (58% female; 25% aged 17 or older). Fifty-three percent were first generation students and 80% were born in, or had a parent from, Mexico or Central America. We found that immigration enforcement fear predicted greater PTSD symptoms after accounting for other key covariates. Perceived economic hardship was associated with depression across all subscales. Findings highlight the need for a multidimensional approach to assess and understand how ACEs, including immigration enforcement fear, influence mental health for youth in Latinx immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased mobility and linguistic and cultural diversity internationally, there has been a renewed interest in the linguistic practices of immigrant families. Earlier scholarship focused on the difference between parenting in monolingual contexts and bilingual parenting conceptualised as management of more than one language in a family. To better understand the complexity of language practices in immigrant families, this article develops a new concept of plurilingual parenting. This analysis is based on empirical data from Canada and uses plurilingualism as a theoretical framework. I found that immigrant parents adopt plurilingual parenting, which is characterised by the following features: (1) parental beliefs in the dynamic and fluid nature of language practices; (2) family language policies that are flexible and allow for partial proficiency in languages in familial linguistic repertoires; and (3) interconnectedness of language and culture. Implications include the possibility to use the concept of plurilingual parenting in the scholarship related to family language policy and identity negotiation in immigrant families. Educators working with immigrant students will benefit from the familiarity with the concept of plurilingual parenting by aligning their expectations with parental practices and appreciating students' funds of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Latinx immigrant families may face stressful experiences premigration, en route to the host country, and once they arrive in the host country (postmigration). The present study examines the impact of premigration stress and postmigration stress (together defined as immigrant-related stress) on the mental health of Mexican-origin parents and their children using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methodology. Method: Data collection across four timepoints occurred from 2013 to 2018. At Time 1, 104 families were enrolled in the study and met the following criteria: (1) At least one Mexican-origin immigrant parent; (2) One child between the ages of 6–10 years; and (3) Family income at or below 150% of the federal poverty line. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) were used to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal data, respectively. HLM models revealed that higher postmigration stress over time (2013–2018) was related to higher mental health problems among parents and children. Higher premigration stress was associated with higher parent-reported child mental health problems, while postmigration stress was associated with higher parent mental health problems. Specifically, discrimination emerged as a salient factor of poor parent mental health. Immigrant-related stress was related to higher total parent and child mental health problems. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the strong impact of postmigration stress on mental health over the span of several years and during a time of heightened stress for many Mexican immigrant communities. The results inform the need for family-wide interventions that address the complexities of immigrant-related stress as well as comprehensive policy changes. Public Significance Statement: Latinx immigrant families may experience stress before migration (poverty, violence) and after migration (fear of deportation, discrimination), which can accumulate over time and impact mental health. This calls for family-wide interventions centered on empowerment and championing comprehensive immigration reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We tested an extended family stress model of economic hardship (FSM; Conger et al., 2010) incorporating structural risks (discrimination, immigration, and COVID-19 experiences) and qualitative data, to better understand the impact of culturally relevant experiences on family stress processes in rural, immigrant Latine families in the U.S. Midwest. Method: Participants were Latine families (N = 307) with a child aged 10–15 (Mage = 12.21 years, 51.0% boys; 71.5% two parent; 93.1% of caregivers and 29% of youth born outside the United States) Mean household income was 25–30K and 65% of caregivers had less than a high school education. We tested a cross-sectional structural equation model in Mplus and analyzed qualitative interviews with a subsample of mother–youth dyads (n = 19). Results: COVID-19 experiences predicted economic pressure, and both COVID-19 and discrimination experiences were linked to caregiver psychological distress. Consistent with the FSM, economic pressure predicted psychological distress, which was associated with interparental relationship problems and parenting. Parenting was associated with youth global health. Unexpectedly, interparental relationship problems to parenting were not significant. The indirect association linking COVID-19 experiences to youth global health via psychological distress and parenting was significant. Qualitative data revealed five themes demonstrating how structural and economic risks contributed to distress, conflict, and maladjustment within the family system. Conclusions: Culturally relevant structural risks exert a negative influence on family processes in rural Latine immigrant families through contributing to economic pressures and parental distress. The additional impact of these experiences should be considered when addressing the FSM in Latine populations. Public Significance Statement: Negative life experiences such as discrimination, immigration barriers, and the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to economic strain and caregiver distress in rural immigrant Latine families, which in turn, impact family relationships, parenting behaviors, and adolescent well-being. Improving the conditions that threaten the well-being of Latine immigrant caregivers will benefit their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examined whether immigration stress was related to decreased capacities for psychophysiological stress regulation (as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and whether lower RSA, in turn, was related to decreased maternal sensitivity. The buffering effect of familism values was also evaluated, such that familism values were expected to minimize associations between immigration stress, RSA, and sensitivity. Method: Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of Mexican immigrant mothers (N = 277; Mage = 28 years). Mothers self-reported immigration stress and familism values, and mothers' resting RSA and sensitivity were assessed during laboratory visits. Results: Higher immigration stress was associated with higher RSA (B =.15, SE =.07, p =.04) but was unrelated to maternal sensitivity. Moreover, links between more immigration stress and higher RSA were more pronounced among mothers who reported stronger familism values (B =.20, SE =.07, p =.003). Conclusions: The present study contributes to our understanding of the sequelae of immigration stress in Mexican immigrant mothers and the cultural resiliency factors that may alter its effects. In contrast to hypotheses, findings suggested that mothers who endorse more immigration stress may also exhibit higher RSA, and links may be more pronounced among those with strong familism values. Further research is needed to advance understanding of resiliency processes that promote family functioning in vulnerable populations. Public Significance Statement: Immigration stress can present challenges for parental and family functioning, but pathways are not fully understood. Study findings suggest that Mexican immigrant mothers may demonstrate physiological resiliency in the face of immigration stress and that familism values may be a key cultural consideration in the promotion of well-being in Mexican immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between acculturation and language attitudes among Turkish immigrant parents and their children's heritage language proficiency, using Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978) and Berry's acculturation theory (Berry, 1997). Fifty-two Turkish parents (M age = 38.15, SD age = 4.84) completed questionnaires on acculturation and language attitudes, while their children (M age = 8.23, SD age = 2.18) completed vocabulary tests. Results reveal a positive correlation between parents' separation attitudes and supportive language practices, emphasizing Turkish use at home. Younger children showed higher heritage language proficiency, highlighting the importance of early language acquisition. Active Turkish usage among siblings also positively impacted proficiency, while passive exposure through media did not. These findings suggest that immigrant parents' cultural integration attitudes shape their language management strategies, influencing their children's heritage language retention. The study advocates for modifying immigrant parents' acculturation attitudes to enhance heritage language maintenance, proposing targeted bilingual interventions to promote effective language management in immigrant families (Halsted, 2015), with implications for improving bilingual education strategies for immigrant students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the immigrant rights practices of one un/documented Latina mother who organizes with her children for immigrant rights in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Findings show the ways she conceptualizes her immigrant rights organizing as parental engagement in her children's education. Implications highlight the need for education practitioners/scholars to include community organizing in their understanding of what counts as family/parental engagement in/out of schools, and to work with immigrant families as practice, policy, and research partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the value of multiculturalism in early childhood settings, barriers to cultural inclusion, and the importance of partnering with families of young children to enrich school learning and engagement. Examples from our work will provide illustrations of research-practice partnerships using asset-based, culturally grounded approaches and principles of co-construction to create school and community spaces of learning that honor the lived experiences and cultural heritages of children from immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the association between family formation and the labour market trajectories of immigrants' descendants over the life course. Using rich data from the Trajectories and Origins survey from France, we apply multilevel event history models to analyse the transitions in and out of employment for both men and women by parity. We account for unobserved co-determinants of childbearing and employment by applying a simultaneous-equations modelling. Our analysis shows that women's professional careers are negatively associated with childbirth. There are differences across descendant groups. The female descendants of Turkish immigrants are more likely to exit employment and less likely to re-enter employment following childbirth than women from other groups. The negative impact of childbearing on employment is slightly overestimated among women due to unobserved selection effects. Among men, the descendants of European immigrants are less likely to exit employment after having a child than other descendant groups. The study demonstrates the negative effect of childbearing on women's employment, which is pronounced for some minority groups suggesting the need for further policies to help women reconcile work with family life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine how parents' psychological characteristics and positive beliefs about multilingualism predict children's emotional well-being in 51 multilingual families with an immigrant background. Parents were interviewed to assess their beliefs about multilingualism and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, psychological distress, parental competence, quality of life, and acculturative stress. They also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assessed their children's socio-emotional and behavioral characteristics. The results from regression analyses showed that parents' depressive symptoms were significant concurrent predictors of children's conduct problems. In contrast, higher acculturation stress was associated with more emotional problems and better prosociality in children, although the stronger predictor for the latter variable was parents' self-efficacy. Positive beliefs about bilingualism were not related to children's well-being. The discussion highlights the importance of targeting parents' depressive traits and acculturation stress as possible risk factors for children's emotional and behavioral problems. Conversely, fostering parental self-efficacy may promote children's prosociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Immigrant parents in the ER arm reported more increases in positive affect. • Immigrant children in the ER arm reported more decreases in parent–child conflicts. • Immigrant parents in the IP arm improved more knowledge and adaptation difficulties. • Immigrant children in the IP arm obtained more knowledge. • Participants with higher depressive symptoms gained more from both interventions. Parents and children who have recently immigrated from the Chinese mainland to Hong Kong face various challenges, including psychological and sociocultural adaptation difficulties. In collaboration with community partners, our research team has developed and implemented culturally sensitive and preventive parent–child parallel interventions to enhance positive adaptation among immigrant parents and children. Two interventions were conducted in this randomized controlled trial: an emotion regulation (ER) arm, which addressed psychological adaptation by reducing parent–child conflicts and improving emotions, and an information provision (IP) arm targeting sociocultural adaptation by increasing participants' knowledge about Hong Kong. The study randomly assigned 113 and 73 parent–child pairs (allocation ratio 3:2) into the ER and IP arms, respectively. Parents and children attended four two-hour weekly sessions of their assigned intervention and completed assessments before, immediately after, and one month following the intervention. The results showed that in the ER arm, parents showed improved positive affect, and children reported decreases in parent–child conflicts more than their counterparts in the IP arm. In the IP arm, parents and children increased their knowledge, and parents decreased sociocultural adaptation difficulties more than their counterparts in the ER arm. In addition, the moderation analyses showed that in both interventions, parents and children with elevated baseline depressive symptoms obtained greater benefits relative to their counterparts with fewer symptoms. Such marked improvements were seen among parents in negative affect and adaptation difficulties and among children in parent–child conflict, positive and negative affect in the ER arm. More improvements were noted among parents in negative affect and sociocultural adaptation difficulties and among children in negative affect in the IP arm. Future studies are suggested to develop and provide parent–child parallel interventions targeting both psychological and sociocultural adaptations to parents and children with heightened baseline depressive symptoms to facilitate their positive adaptation in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

William J. Tonesk was born to a family of Polish immigrants who came from Russian and Austrian partitions of Poland. Born Władysław Jan Toniecki in Schenectady, New York, he can be traced in historical records using several last names: Tonski, Toniski, Tonick. While using his passion for Polish literature and theater as an advantage throughout his high school and college years, he invariably presented himself as an American. He settled for William J. Tonesk in 1932 as he entered Columbia University in New York. This article explores the opportunities available to the young man from Schenectady who skillfully navigated the ethnic advantage and native opportunity to spur his professional career. It also examines the support from Polish American organizations that was instrumental in keeping him intellectually and professionally engaged in the 1930s. Repeatedly, he multiplied the effects of the opportunities available to him, thus establishing a sound prequel to his professional career in the US intelligence establishment and diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this survey study was to explore how the English language proficiency of Asian and Latin American immigrant parents influenced their levels of intergenerational challenges as reflected in their experiences with diminished parental authority, role reversal, acculturation gap, value discrepancy, family conflict, and emotional distance. The 86 participants were Asian and Latin American immigrant parents from eight classes at three adult ESL programs in Southern California. They reported lower levels of intergenerational challenges than was expected based on the extant literature, and their experiences were quite similar regardless of their adult ESL class levels. Overall, the parents from different ethnic backgrounds shared more commonalities than differences as language and cultural learners raising children in a new land. This study sheds light on the experience of immigrant parents raising children in ethnic enclaves and pushes against common discourses about immigrants' acculturation. The findings suggest that preserving their linguistic and cultural heritage has become increasingly important to many immigrant communities and may play a crucial role in how they navigate their roles as parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal parenting stress during childhood may have important influences on offspring internalizing and externalizing behaviors during adolescence in unmarried households, but it is unclear whether effects differ across different trajectory patterns of maternal parenting stress and for native-born vs. immigrant families. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we identified trajectory patterns of maternal parenting stress from ages 1–9 years using semi-parametric group-based trajectory modeling. We used negative binomial regression models to estimate associations between maternal parenting stress trajectories and adolescent behavioral symptoms at age fifteen. Five maternal parenting stress trajectory groups were identified among the 1982 unmarried families included in this study, representing consistently low (9.2 %), consistently mild (54.2 %), moderate and decreasing (14.4 %), moderate and increasing (16.0 %) and consistently high (6.2 %) levels of maternal parenting stress. For adolescent internalizing symptoms, all maternal parenting stress trajectory groups exhibited higher symptoms compared to the consistently low group: IRR for consistently mild: 1.21 (95 % CI: 0.98–1.56); IRR for moderate/decreasing: 1.34 (95 % CI: 1.04–1.74); IRR for moderate/increasing: 1.62 (95 % CI: 1.28–2.13); and IRR for consistently high: 1.74 (95 % CI = 1.29–2.41). Similar results were observed for adolescent externalizing symptoms. Stronger effects of maternal parenting stress trajectories on adolescent externalizing symptoms were observed among native-born vs. immigrant families. Differential attrition and same-source bias may lead to under- or over-estimation of the associations of interest. Interventions targeting unmarried families with elevated maternal parenting stress during childhood may reduce behavioral symptoms in adolescence. • Unmarried mothers generally suffer from elevated parenting stress • High maternal parenting stress in childhood linked to more adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms • Family immigration status changed how maternal stress affects adolescent externalizing symptoms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique needs of first-generation immigrants and their families have not been prioritized in mental healthcare. Cultural tailoring of child services requires valid, reliable, and efficient assessments of family cultural identity. The Abbreviated Multidimension Acculturation Scale (AMAS) is a self-report of acculturation and enculturation that has been evaluated in community, but not clinical, samples. We offer the first AMAS psychometric evaluation in a treatment-seeking sample of first-generation immigrant caregivers presenting for children's mental healthcare (N = 219). Analyses examined the internal consistency, concurrent validity, and factor structures of the long-form AMAS (42 items, six subscales), AMAS-10 (10 items, four subscales), and AMAS-14 (14 items, six subscales). Findings provide support for the AMAS-10 and AMAS-14, but not the full-length AMAS, in the present sample. Given urgent needs for culturally responsive care for first-generation populations, the AMAS-10 and AMAS-14 can be used in clinical settings to support cultural assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the family connections of Julius Ungar and the Jebenhausen Rosenthals in Victorian London, focusing on their genealogical history and business ventures. Julius Ungar, a German immigrant, found success in the gas-lamp industry in 19th-century London, with ties to Jacob Rosenthal, a key figure in his will. Details include the marriage of Jacob Rosenthal and Fanny Selinger in 1880, as well as the evolution of the family clothing business into blouse manufacturing. The narrative also explores the experiences of the Rosenthal family during World War I and the changing economic climate of the early 20th century. [Extracted from the article]

Aims Design Methods Data Sources Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Reporting Method To examine immigrant and minority parents' experiences of having a newborn infant in the neonatal intensive care unit and explore healthcare professionals' experiences in delivering care to immigrant and minority families.A meta‐ethnographic review informed by eMERGe guidelines.We conducted a systematic literature review. Studies were included if they explored immigrant or minority parent experiences in neonatal intensive care units and health professional experiences delivering care to immigrant and minority families in neonatal intensive care. Reporting followed ENTREQ guidelines.Database searches included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Google Scholar. Boolean search strategies were used to identify qualitative studies. No limitations on commencement date; the end date was 23rd August 2022. PRISMA guidelines used for screening and article quality assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for qualitative studies.Initial search yielded 2468 articles, and nine articles met criteria for inclusion. Three overarching themes were identified: (1) Overwhelming Emotions, (subthemes: Overwhelming Inadequacy; Cultural Expressions of Guilt; Not Belonging), (2) Circles of Support, (subthemes: Individual Level‐Spirituality; External Level‐Connecting with Family; Structured Peer‐to‐Peer Support), (3) Negotiating Relationships with Healthcare Professionals (subthemes: Connecting; Disconnected; Linguistic Barriers). Interactions between healthcare professionals and immigrant and minority parents were the strongest recurring theme.There can be a mismatch between immigrant and minority families' needs and the service support provided, indicating improvements in neonatal intensive care are needed. Despite challenges, parents bring cultural and family strengths that support them through this time, and many neonatal intensive care staff provide culturally respectful care.Professionals should be encouraged to identify and work with family strengths to ensure parents feel supported in the neonatal intensive care unit. Findings can inform policy and practice development to strengthen health professionals capabilities to support immigrant and minority families in neonatal units.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklists were used to report the screening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an examination of a corpus comprising 244 letters authored by Chinese women residing in Wangxia, a rural district within Guangdong province, to their emigrant family members settled in Arizona, the United States from the 1910s to 1920s, this article posits that the phenomenon of being left-behind constituted a pivotal catalyst for the social and economic empowerment of women within rural contexts, fostering heightened self-awareness and autonomy. These accounts of their personal experiences, emotions, and reflections on gender relations document the awakening initiative and self-empowerment of ordinary women in the first half of the twentieth century. On the one hand, the absence of male authority in the family caused by the exclusive emigration of males out of villages created space and conditions for women’s independence and autonomy; on the other hand, transnational epistolary communications with emigrants empowered these women to control remittances and enabled them to increase their families’ fortunes, which further stimulated their desire for economic independence and education. These women’s letters offer rich historical testimony to the reality that an awareness of gender equality and female empowerment were the result of the Chinese women’s own initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latino immigrants within the United States experience various stressors, which have been linked to the development and exacerbation of internalizing symptoms among Latino youth. Therefore, it is crucial to explore factors that may buffer the impact of stress among immigrant families. Fathers may influence child outcomes through positive parenting behaviors, yet Latino fathers have been underrepresented in research. This study examined how paternal warmth and support may moderate the association between the accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms among low‐income, Latino immigrant families. Participants included 62 children between the ages of 6 and 10, and their paternal caregivers (94% fathers; 90% born in Mexico). This study utilized a multi‐method approach including parent‐report, child‐report and observational measures. Participants completed questionnaires and video‐recorded family interaction tasks during home visits. Stress was positively associated with child‐reported depression. Self‐reported paternal warmth was associated with fewer parent‐reported child internalizing symptoms and moderated the effects of stress on symptoms. Analyses showed a significant positive association between paternal stress and child internalizing symptoms for children with the lowest levels of parental warmth. However, when paternal warmth was high, accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms were not related. Thus, high levels of warmth buffered the impact of stress on internalizing symptoms. This study highlights the importance of Latino fathers’ parenting behaviors on child internalizing symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States (US), children's ‘best interest’ principles are central to child welfare policy, but their incorporation into immigration laws is less robust. Drawing on data from international and domestic policies, interviews with legal professionals and legal guidelines, we compare how Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS) and asylum – the main forms of immigration relief for undocumented youths in the US – align with children's best interest principles. SIJS, while promising, undermines family integrity by imposing rigid child‐rearing standards that may penalize immigrant families. Asylum upholds family integrity, but the application process involves intense interviews and strict evidentiary standards that harm youths’ well‐being. Given asylum's high denial rates, the process often results in trauma without much promise of the permanency asylum can offer. Consequently, both SIJS and asylum fall short of protecting children's rights and best interests. We argue that how legal systems manage youths significantly affects youths’ well‐being and their access to rights and benefits. The impact of legal processes on youths should be paramount to best interest policies and practices. We conclude with policy recommendations for SIJS and asylum that better promote children's best interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounding this study in Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework, the authors used a survey that includes psychometrically sound measures, to investigate the social experiences of 54 immigrant families with young children and the factors that shape their perceptions of life satisfaction and social support in a highly urban city. Results show persistent challenges related to discrimination and access to resources. Despite these challenges, participants' overall satisfaction with life was rated high and positively correlated with their comfort with practicing their culture and with their perceived social support. Implications involve the need to design evidence-based policies and programmes that promote immigrant families' wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak language skills in the language of instruction are assumed to be a key factor in contributing to the lower mathematics competencies of second language learners. However, the longitudinal contribution of specific language skills, such as reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge to the acquisition of mathematics competencies is not clear. This study examined the longitudinal relations between vocabulary knowledge, grammar proficiency, reading comprehension, and mathematics competencies of second language learners using a sample of 370 third-grade students from immigrant families. The results from a cross-lagged panel model with three time-points show that general vocabulary knowledge predicted mathematics performance (word problem solving and subject-specific vocabulary) after controlling for general cognitive abilities and preliminary skills. Additionally, grammar proficiency predicted significantly subject-specific vocabulary. None of the included language skills were associated with later arithmetic skills. A reciprocal lagged correlation was found between general vocabulary knowledge and subject-specific vocabulary. Moreover, findings suggest that changes in language skills were significantly correlated with changes in mathematical word problem solving and subject-specific vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of children's receptive vocabulary knowledge in word and nonword reading (decoding) in an orthographically transparent language is debated. Moreover, we have little understanding of how the role of vocabulary might differ between monolingual children and bilingual children from immigrant families (or language minority bilingual children (LMBC)) at different stages of reading development. This study examined the relation of receptive vocabulary to word and nonword reading accuracy and speed in 140 monolingual and bilingual students attending Grades 1, 3, or 5 in Italy. Both receptive vocabulary and reading performance were assessed using standardized tests in Italian. Regression models showed that for monolingual Italian children receptive vocabulary was related to word reading accuracy and speed in Grade 1 and word reading accuracy in Grade 5. In the LMBC group, receptive vocabulary was related to word and nonword reading accuracy and speed in Grade 1, to word reading accuracy in Grade 3, and to word reading speed in Grade 5. These findings suggest that vocabulary knowledge supports reading even in the earlier stages of reading development in a language with transparent orthography and underscore the importance of strengthening and assessing LMBC's receptive vocabulary for the adequate development of their reading skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the pandemic-era schooling experiences of teachers and families of multilingual learners (MLLs) in the United States, using a strength-based lens to explore innovative, collaborative, and responsive practices. Using a multiple-case study design of three Midwestern districts, we probed how teachers and parents carved out and filled up spaces to facilitate sound practice for MLLs. Findings indicate that stakeholders collaboratively established structures to (a) enhance communication, (b) prioritize holistic well-being, (c) recognize cultural and linguistic strengths, and (d) provide innovative pedagogy. Implications center on building from strengths to transform policy and practice with MLLs in post-pandemic schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopts a cultural ecological perspective to examine how cumulative effects of external transcultural and cultural strengths are related to baseline and changes in three markers of Mexican-origin adolescents' self-growth (i.e., resilience, life meaning, and discipline). Using a three-wave longitudinal data set (5 years) of 604 adolescents, cumulative strengths (CS) was calculated, and growth curve analyses showed a similar pattern of findings for both transcultural and cultural cumulative strengths models: Adolescents with higher CS showed higher baseline resilience, life meaning, and discipline. While there were no significant associations between adolescents' CS scores and the increase in resilience, adolescents with higher CS scores showed steeper declines in life meaning and discipline (although these declines were no longer significant for cultural CS when transcultural and cultural CS were simultaneously tested in the same model). The findings emphasize a cultural ecological understanding of Mexican-origin youths' positive development from early to later adolescence. They also provide support for a CS model and have implications for positive psychology theories. Public Significance Statement: This study advances knowledge regarding the cumulative effects of external transcultural and cultural strengths on Mexican-origin adolescents' self-growth. Higher cumulative strengths are associated with increased baseline resilience, life meaning, and discipline. Our findings suggest that Mexican-origin youths can capitalize on cultural ecological factors to facilitate positive development in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to understand the experiences of mothers with limited English proficiency (LEP) and their children with autism during diagnosis and receiving services for their children with autism. A qualitative approach and the health disparity framework were adopted to answer the research questions. Using grounded theory methodology, 16 mothers with LEP and their preschool-aged children with autism were interviewed. Lack of communication during clinical encounters was the main category that arose from the data. Mothers with LEP have difficulties navigating the US healthcare system and autism-related institutions. Patient factors (no support system, stigma around autism, awareness about autism) affected their interactions with autism service providers. Providers of autism diagnosis and services were out of reach, especially because of communication barriers. The health system played a major role in widening the disparities for mothers with LEP and their children with autism with long wait times for diagnoses and services, lack of insurance coverage for services, culturally incompetent staff, and existing complicity in the system. Mothers with LEP felt abandoned by the US healthcare system in receiving diagnoses and services for their children with autism. In the United States, mothers who have LEP encounter significant barriers in accessing diagnosis and early intervention services for their preschool-aged children with autism. The objectives of Healthy People 2030 will not be achieved without addressing the needs of an understudied population of people with LEP. Highlights: Experiences of mothers with limited English proficiency were described using qualitative methodology. Four factors, including patient, provider, health system, and clinical encounters, impacted LEP mothers' experiences of raising a child with autism. Mothers with LEP felt abandoned by the US healthcare system in receiving diagnoses and services for their children with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family language policy (FLP) impacts the maintenance of heritage language(s) in the family domain, where parents play a crucial role in making language-related decisions for their children. Globalisation, immigration, the COVID-19 pandemic, and digital communication have all affected FLP. Studies are now calling for examining how dispersed transnational families incorporate digital practices as a part of their FLP, given the shift from the exclusive use of traditional face-to-face communication to the inclusion of digital communication media such as Skype and WhatsApp. This research examines the viability of utilising Spolsky's tripartite framework to study the new concept of 'networked FLP,' a term coined by Curdt-Christiansen and Huang, which acknowledges dispersed families and digital communication. We examine data from ten Bengali immigrant families in Australia with dispersed senior family members living abroad. Our findings enrich the concept of networked FLP by highlighting the digital affordances that networked FLP provides to dispersed transnational families and the importance of socio-cultural and emotional factors when applying Spolsky's framework to FLP with digital media. We show that family bonding, maintaining heritage culture, and emotional connections are the primary motivations for digital communication, while language learning is secondary. Our study finds that it is essential to incorporate sociocultural and emotional factors when investigating networked FLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determinants of transitioning from lower secondary to upper secondary school for Italian and immigrant teenagers (age range: 16–19) were identified by combining data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Italian Survey on Income and Living Conditions of Families with Immigrants in Italy (IM-SILC) for 2009. A set of individual, family, and contextual characteristics was selected through the Lasso method and a Bayesian approach to explain the decision not to continue on with upper secondary schooling (yes/no). The interruption of this transition revealed a complex pattern. The variables affecting it positively were squared age and almost all the significant first-order interactions, while negative impacts were observed for father's age, parents' education level, the amount of optional technological equipment owned, and the occupations of both parents. Other variables entered through the interactions included the individual's and parents' self-perceived health conditions, the degree of urbanisation, the type of macro-region, and so on. There were no gender distinctions and differences between Italians and immigrants disappeared when family background and parental characteristics were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes Latinx Critical Theory, assets-based methodology, and a sociohistorical approach to investigate how college-going habitus is cultivated amongst Latinx immigrant families. I define a college-going habitus as an orientation toward the pursuit of higher education that can be constructed through a variety of histories and means. Leveraging data from 28 interviews with children of Latinx immigrants applying to college, I explore the role immigrant familial histories (immigrant legacies) play in college-going habitus construction and how they challenge traditiosnal notions of familial involvement. I argue that an attention to immigrant legacies demonstrates the lifelong cultivation of higher education aspirations amongst children of immigrants and shows that we must look beyond familial educational histories when understanding how students craft their college trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the review is to identify factors related to how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth aged 12–24 and their families access mental health and substance use (MHSU) services. To address how East and Southeast Asian youth and their families access mental health and substance use services, a scoping review was conducted to identify studies in these databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Sociology Collection. Qualitative content analysis was used to deductively identify themes and was guided by Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the process-person-context-time (PPCT) model, and the five dimensions of care accessibility (approachability, acceptability, availability and accommodation, appropriateness, affordability). Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The dimensions of healthcare accessibility shaped the following themes: 1) Acceptability; 2) Appropriateness; 3) Approachability; 4) Availability and Accommodation. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory and the PPCT model informed the development of the following themes: 1) Immediate Environment/Proximal Processes (Familial Factors, Relationships with Peers; 2) Context (School-Based Services/Community Resources, Discrimination, Prevention, Virtual Care); 3) Person (Engagement in Services/Treatment/Research, Self-management); 4) Time (Immigration Status). The study suggests that there is a growing body of research (21 studies) focused on identifying acceptability factors, including Asian cultural values and the model minority stereotype impacting how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth access MHSU services. This review also highlighted familial factors (16 studies), including family conflict, lack of MHSU literacy, reliance on family as support, and family-based interventions, as factors affecting how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth access MHSU care. However, the study also highlighted a dearth of research examining how East and Southeast Asian youth with diverse identities access MHSU services. This review emphasizes the factors related to the access to MHSU services by East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth and families while providing insights that will improve cultural safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore challenging experiences in psychological wellbeing among Korean newcomer immigrant adolescents residing in an emerging immigrant community amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which had been understudied in previous studies. This study utilized qualitative data from these immigrant adolescents and five of their mothers who had immigrated and lived in the United States for an average of 27 months. Using the Acculturative Stress Model and the Social Ecological Model as frameworks, this study analyzed their acculturative stress experiences as immigrants and as ethnic and linguistic minorities in the unique contexts of an emerging immigrant community and the pandemic, and how these challenging experiences impact their psychological wellbeing. Data collection took place from March to August 2020. Findings in this study demonstrated that these immigrant adolescents grappled with linguistic challenges, family conflicts, difficulties in establishing and maintaining social relationships, and heightened fears of increased anti-Asian hate crimes and discrimination. The unique contexts of the emerging immigrant community and the pandemic interfered with their adjustment, making these challenging experiences more difficult, all significantly impacting their psychological wellbeing. Schools and communities play pivotal roles in addressing linguistic challenges, fostering social connections for Korean newcomer immigrant adolescents, and promoting awareness of diversity and inclusion within these environments. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop more effective support measures and channels for Korean immigrant adolescents in emerging immigrant communities, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the phenomenon of "music fever" in the Chinese immigrant community in the UK, a relatively neglected research field in the English language literature. It explores the attitudes of Chinese immigrant parents towards their children's music learning through three key concepts in Bourdieu's cultural theory: capital, habitus, and field. Although the interviewees generally displayed a positive attitude towards their children's music learning, it was conditional on it not interfering with their children's academic studies. This study extends existing research on East Asian immigrants' and parents' perceptions of children's music education, and contributes to the application of Bourdieu's theoretical tool in research on East Asian cultural groups in both Western and non-Western contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the significant role of culture and place in dementia caregiving, we conducted a qualitative study with Korean American family caregivers of persons with dementia. Guided by the sociocultural model of dementia caregivers' service use, we explored the categories of care decisions, caregiving situations, and formal service use within the context of culture and place. Data from in-depth interviews with 16 Korean American dementia caregivers living in the greater Los Angeles area were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Across the three conceptual categories, we derived eight themes: (1) personal motivation; (2) family context; (3) attitude toward formal care; (4) strains; (5) rewards; (6) language and geographic region; (7) knowledge and awareness; and (8) social support and cultural stigma. Our findings demonstrate not only varied experiences in care decisions, caregiving situations, and formal service use but also their interconnectedness. Supporting the influential role of culture and place in dementia caregiving, the findings include positive and negative elements within each domain and provide implications for programs and services to respond to identified needs and barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results of a randomized control trial of a two-generation English as a Second Language (ESL) program in which all families participated in Head Start while treatment parents also enrolled in a high dosage, family-focused ESL curriculum with supportive services. Examining 197 parent-child dyads among Spanish- (89%) and Zomi-speaking (11%) immigrant families, we found improvements in participant parents' English reading skills and engagement with their child's teacher after one year. Parents with low levels of English proficiency (57%) at program start reported more positive parenting skills and lower levels of psychological distress whereas parents with more advanced English proficiency (43%) reported more parenting stress and higher levels of psychological distress. We did not find main effects on children's language and cognitive skills. We conclude by discussing policy implications of a two-generation approach for immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses disputed marriages/divorces involving Jewish immigrants to England between 1870 and 1940. English courts came to contradictory decisions in these cases due to the difference between religiously-based systems in Eastern Europe and Britain's secular, centralised approach. The result was split decisions. In civil courts, magistrates upheld religious marriages by awarding maintenance to wives, but the same evidence proved insufficient in the criminal courts to convict for bigamy. Unfortunately, whatever the outcome, these cases fed into anti-alienist rhetoric at the turn of the twentieth century, associating 'alien' Jewish immigrants with wife desertion, criminal behaviour, and even polygamy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Over the past three decades, the number of multicultural families in Korea, defined as a family consisting of a native Korean and a marriage immigrant, has increased significantly. Although bullying victimization among multicultural family youth is rightfully a growing concern, less is known about the effects bullying has on immigrant mothers of children who have been bullying victims. Method: Using data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study, this study investigates whether children's bullying victimization is associated with immigrant mothers' acculturative stress and whether this association differs depending on mothers' country of origin (China, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries). Results: Fixed effects estimates revealed that children's bullying victimization is positively associated with their immigrant mother's acculturative stress, and this association is robust to controlling for unobserved time-constant individual-level heterogeneity. When stratified by mother's country of origin, the association was larger and statistically significant only among Southeast Asian mothers. No associations were observed among Japanese and Chinese mothers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that interventions aiming to support bullied children should be expanded to also support their immigrant mothers. Policymakers may wish to consider the specific backgrounds and contexts of immigrant mothers, with special attention to Southeast Asian women. Public Significance Statement: Children from multicultural families in Korea who experience bullying often have immigrant mothers dealing with the stress of adapting to a new culture. This bullying–stress link is especially strong for children whose mothers come from Southeast Asian backgrounds, as these mothers tend to face greater social challenges and lack social and cultural resources than mothers from other ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior relational maintenance research primarily (a) considers only one family member's perspective, (b) explores introspective communication, and (c) examines romantic relationships among highly resourced white samples in the United States. This study considered low-income, Latina/o/x/e immigrant families' maintenance before, during, and after migration-related separation, using standpoint theory, social communication theory, and the long-distance relational maintenance model. We conducted semi-structured interviews with Latina/o/x/e parents and children who lived in separate countries (N  =   20 dyads). Findings cast light on temporal (e.g. fathers often provided little to no notice to children of the upcoming separation, complicating the families' ability to prospectively co-construct relational continuity) and cultural factors (e.g. endorsing traditional gender norms, relying on mothers to explain the separation to children after it had begun) in families' maintenance processes. This study offers new insight into how families communicatively construct "ongoingness" in their bonds despite emotional, technological, and legal challenges posed by migration-related separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]