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Q fever, also known as query fever, is a zoonotic illness brought on by the Coxiella burnetii bacteria. This disease was first discovered in 1935 in Queensland, Australia. Worldwide, Q fever is a disease that requires notification, and certain nations classify it as a national health concern. A feature of C. burnetii is known as cell wall phase fluctuation. Serological testing is the main method used to diagnose Q fever illnesses. Inhalation is the primary method of C. burnetii transmission in both people and animals, with smaller amounts occurring through milk and milk product ingestion. The bacterial strain that is causing the infection determines how severe it is. Q fever is a significant zoonosis that can be dangerous for personnel working in veterinary laboratories, livestock breeding operations, and slaughterhouses due to its high human contagiousness. C. burnetii is a biological weapon that can be sprayed on food, water, or even mail. It can also be employed as an aerosol. Antibiotics work well against this disease's acute form, but as the infection develops into a chronic form, treatment becomes more difficult and the illness frequently returns, which can result in a high death rate. Vaccination has been demonstrated to lower the incidence of animal infections, C. burnetii shedding, and abortion. Several hygienic precautions should be put in place during an outbreak to lessen the spread of disease to animals. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2509-2524]

Employee and job satisfaction has been major research in management studies throughout the world. It is the main concern for organizations to measure the performance of individuals by how they carry out their responsibilities in a manner that contributes to the achievement of the organization's goals and creates satisfaction feeling in their work. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between leadership, teamwork and person-organization fit on job satisfaction. Employees at Department of Statistics Malaysia were taken as the respondents in this study. Self-administered questionnaire used for collection of data. 80 questionnaires were distributed among above mentioned organization and 80 responds were return, so the response rate was 100%. The result concludes that there is significant relationship between the leadership and teamwork with job satisfaction meanwhile person-organization fit is not significant. Several recommendations were put forth in this study for the organization in promoting job satisfaction as well as recommendations for future research.

Background: Currently, the trend of patients admitted to the hospital is increasingly complex and has many co-morbidities, some of which the patient's condition will suddenly worsen or become critical, due to various interrelated causes such as weak monitoring systems and staff reactions to emergencies. Delays in treatment or inadequate care for patients who are treated in the Hospital Ward can result in several adverse conditions, namely increased patients transferred to the ICU (Intensive Care Unit), increased LOS (Lenght of Stay) in the hospital, heart attacks, or patient death. Purpose: The purpose of this study to analyze the differences in the modification of the NEWS observation sheet on the emergency conditions of patients at the hospital. Methods: The type of research used is quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test control group design. With a population of 160 patients and a total patient sample of 62 patients with 31 patients for the intervention group and 31 patients for the control group. How to take samples with purposive sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were the NEWS observation sheet and the NEWS modification, while the dependent variable was the patient's emergency condition. The instruments in this study were NEWS observation sheets and NEWS modifications, integrated patient development record sheets, pre-test and post-test sheets. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test with a value of α = 0.05. Results: The results showed that the modification of the NEWS (National Early Warning Score) observation sheet with a graphic was more influential than the NEWS observation sheet in increasing vital sign monitoring with p=0.00, while the NEWS observation sheet as a control had an influence with a significant level of p=0.043, both the model shows that it is equally influential in detecting changes in patient conditions and as an aid in communicating with other health workers. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that after being given a modified NEWS observation sheet which is a scoring system that is simple, practical and proven to increase alertness and response to signs of bad physiological changes so that patient safety can be monitored optimally and mortality rates can decrease.

Classical swine fever (CSF), sometimes referred to as hog cholera, is a highly contagious, virally-based, systemic illness that affects both domestic and wild pigs. The virus known as classical swine fever (CSFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, specifically the genus Pestivirus. This disease is thought to be endemic in many Asian countries that produce pork as well as in several countries in Central and South America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere. As previously indicated, depending on the virulence of the virus strain involved and several host circumstances, clinical indications of CSFV infection can vary greatly, ranging from abrupt fatality to an occult course. CSF diagnosis can be made by serological detection, antigen, RNA, and isolation. CSF's highly varied symptoms and post-mortem pathology resemble those of African swine fever. African swine fever (ASF). The kind of CSFV, the pig's age, and its susceptibility all affect the clinical symptoms. Pigs that contract CSFV, a highly infectious and economically significant virus. The great economic significance of the swine business makes the classical swine fever virus a potential bioterrorism threat. Live attenuated CSF vaccinations have been around for many years and are quite safe and effective. Controlling epidemics in CSFV-free zones requires quick action. Pigs that are impacted must be slaughtered, and the carcasses must be buried or burned. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2497-2508]

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2525-2538]

A common indicator used to examine the frequency and distribution of antibiotic resistance against other enteric bacteria in humans and animals is the commensal enteric bacterium, Escherichia coli. The transmission of plasmids harboring ESBL enzymes, primarily generated by E. coli, is the cause of this resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the CTX-M gene in ESBL-producing E. coli from broiler chicken cloacal swabs in traditional Surabaya markets. The samples used were 96 cloacal swabs from broiler chickens in the traditional markets of Dukuh Kupang, Keputran, Pacar Keling, and Pucang. The antibiotic disks used in this study belonged to five different antibiotic classes; they are aztreonam (monobactam), chloramphenicol (phenicol), kanamycin (aminoglycoside), ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), and tetracycline (tetracycline). Presumptive ESBL strains were then molecularly screened for the presence of CTX-M gene. Results revealed that out of the 96 chicken cloacal swab samples collected, 58 (60.42%) were positive for E. coli based on morphological culture, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Additionally, 15 out of the 58 E. coli isolates recovered from broiler chicken cloacal swabs were multidrug-resistant (MDR) while 7 of E. coli isolates harbored CTX-M gene. Conclusively, this study has shown that broiler chickens sold in traditional Surabaya markets harbor MDR E. coli which possess CTX-M gene. Conditions in traditional markets with low levels of cleanliness and chickens placed close together can spread resistance genes with serious public health consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to observe good hygienic practices in Surabaya traditional markets in order to curtail the spread of MDR bacterial pathogens in the food chain.

Abstract We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia.

This article is the first of a two-part study on disturbance-informed land use/land cover changes in the Clay Belt region of Northern Ontario, Canada. Despite the drive to convert forests to agricultural land, detailed information on land use changes and the resulting impacts on soil carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the region is lacking. Therefore, this work aims to address the information gap by estimating the amount of land cover changes. The study is driven by the urgent need to develop suitable methodologies for detecting and mapping land cover dynamics in Northern Ontario for forest and agricultural lands. Predominant land cover classes in the study area are mapped in order to quantify the changes from 2002 to 2022. Drawing on nascent technology and tools such as machine learning and Google Earth Engine's cloud computing, the satellite images from Landsat and Sentinel are used to examine the trend of land cover and land use changes. This study proposes a reliable methodology of multisensor fusion with data free of cloud contamination—a method which can be deployed anywhere for large-scale monitoring—yielding high accuracy results for regional or national accounting of ecosystem carbon stocks and GHG emissions.

The livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) strains are prevalent in the poultry farming environment and are a common component of the bacterial microbiota on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy animals. The origin and spread of LA-MRSA are attributed to the use of antibiotics in animals, and close contact between people and different animal species increases the risk of animal exposure to humans. The epidemiology of LA-MRSA in poultry significantly changed when ST398 and ST9 were found in food-producing animals. The significance of LA-MRSA and zoonotic risk associated with handling and processing foods of avian origin is highlighted by the LA-MRSA strain's ability to infect chickens. People who work with poultry are more prone to contract LA-MRSA than the general population. There is scientific consensus that individuals who have close contact with chickens can become colonized and subsequently infected with LA-MRSA; these individuals could include breeders, medical professionals, or personnel at chicken slaughterhouses. The prevention of LA-MRSA infections and diseases of poultry origin requires taking precautions against contamination across the entire chicken production chain. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2116-2128]

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) belonging to the Arteriviridae family is the cause of PRRS disease. After being discovered for the first time in the United States in 1987, this illness quickly expanded to Canada. The disease was initially discovered in late 1990 in Germany, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe. The consequences of PRRSV lead to a number of epidemiological issues, including a sickness with a delayed immune response that permits extended viremia, which facilitates viral transmission. The virus penetrates the nasal epithelium, tonsils, lung macrophages, and uterine endometrium through the oronasal and genital pathways. Abortions performed late in pregnancy and premature or delayed deliveries resulting in dead and mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, and weakly born piglets are indicative of reproductive syndrome. In the meanwhile, dyspnea, fever, anorexia, and lethargic behavior are signs of respiratory syndrome. The virus can be isolated from the tissue or serum of animals that have been infected to confirm the diagnosis. Pig movements and potential airborne dissemination are two ways that the virus can enter new herds and propagate through nose-to-nose contact or aerosols. Various supportive therapies may enhance infant survival, and antibiotics may or may not lessen the impact of secondary bacterial infections. The absence of simple diagnostic tests, the virus's airborne transmission, the occurrence of subclinical infections, and the virus's persistence in infected populations have all contributed to the failure of control efforts for PRRS. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2138-2152]

Abstract Background Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer can significantly benefit from HER2-directed therapy – such as the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. However, some patients can develop therapy resistance or change HER2 status. Thus, we urgently need new, noninvasive strategies to monitor patients frequently. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from tumor cells are emerging as potential biomarker candidates. These membrane-delimited nanoparticles harbor molecular signatures of their origin cells; report rapidly on changes to cellular status; and can be frequently sampled from accessible biofluids. Results Using Single Extracellular VEsicle Nanoscopy (SEVEN) platform that combines affinity isolation of EVs with super-resolution microscopy, here we provide multiparametric characterization of EVs with ~ 8 nm precision and molecular sensitivity. We first interrogated cell culture EVs affinity-enriched in tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81; these transmembrane proteins are commonly found on EV membranes. SEVEN robustly provided critical parameters of individual, tetraspanin-enriched EVs: concentration, size, shape, molecular cargo content, and heterogeneity. Trastuzumab-resistant cells (vs. trastuzumab-sensitive) secreted more EVs. Additionally, EVs from trastuzumab-resistant cells had lower tetraspanin density and higher HER2 density. We also evaluated EVs affinity-enriched in HER2; we found that these EVs (vs. tetraspanin-enriched) were larger and more elongated. We further optimized analytical sample processing to assess a rare population of HER2-enriched EVs from patient plasma. In breast cancer patients with elevated HER2 protein expression (vs. controls), HER2-enriched EVs had distinct characteristics including typically increased number of tetraspanin molecules and larger size. Importantly, these EVs were on average 25-fold more abundant compared to no cancer controls. Conclusions SEVEN revealed unique characteristics of HER2-enriched EVs in cultured cells and complex biological fluid. In combination with current clinical approaches, this method is well poised to support precise therapeutic decisions. Graphical abstract

Sriwulan Village, located in Limbangan District, Kendal Regency, is home to both cattle farmers and several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The village has a farmer group named Ngudi Kawruh, managing around 20 cows. However, cow dung in the area has become a source of air pollution, and the four MSMEs still rely on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for production. One effective solution to this issue is converting cow dung into biogas, which offers both environmental and economic benefits. This community service program aims to introduce appropriate technology for processing cow dung into biogas using biodigesters. The biogas is stored in portable containers, such as truck inner tires, while the biodigester output, in the form of slurry, is utilized as solid organic fertilizer. The program provides education on these concepts through posters, videos, demonstrations, and YouTube links to ensure broad community understanding. By implementing this technology, the program not only addresses environmental concerns and reduces dependence on LPG but also significantly enhances the economic potential of both the villagers and MSME entrepreneurs, promoting sustainable development.

Campylobacteriosis is a foodborne illness that is contracted by eating contaminated food, particularly animal products like meat from diseased animals or corpses tainted with harmful germs. The epidemiology of campylobacteriosis varies significantly between low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Campylobacter has a complicated and poorly known survival strategy for getting past host barriers and causing sickness in humans. The adaptability of Campylobacter to unfavorable environments and the host's immune system seems to be one of the most crucial elements of intestinal colonization. A Campylobacter infection may result in fever, nausea, vomiting, and mild to severe bloody diarrhea in humans. Effective and rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter species infections in animal hosts is essential for both individual treatment and disease management at the farm level. According to the most recent meta-analysis research, the main risk factor for campylobacteriosis is travel, which is followed by eating undercooked chicken, being exposed to the environment, and coming into close contact with livestock. Campylobacter jejuni, and occasionally Campylobacter coli, are the primary causes of Campylobacter gastroenteritis, the most significant Campylobacter infection in humans for public health. The best antibiotic medications for eradicating and decreasing Campylobacter in feces are erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin. The best strategy to reduce the number of human infections caused by Campylobacter is to restrict the amount of contamination of the poultry flock and its products, even if the majority of infections are contracted through handling or ingestion of chicken. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(8.000): 1733-1750]

Calcium is an important macro-mineral that is really needed by the body. Calcium from fish bones can be an alternative source of calcium for those who are allergic to milk lactose which is usually used as calcium source. The weakness of fish bone calcium is that it still has a fishy odor, which reduces the hedonic value of products fortified with fish bone calcium. This research aims to determine the optimization of concentration and stirring time in citric acid to produce bio-calcium from catfish (Pangasius sp) bones with the best calcium content and hedonic characteristics using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The citric acid concentration tested was a minimum of 0.25% and a maximum of 1% with stirring times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Data processing was carried out with the help of Design Expert 11 software. The recommended model is the quadratic model. The recommended optimization results for the bio-calcium production solution are a citric acid concentration of 0.25% and a soaking time of 30 min. Verification was carried out according to the optimization solution and gave yield results of 88.9%, particle size of 51.07 µm, calcium content 24.05; with a color hedonic value of 4.115, aroma 4.059 and overall 4.090 out of a maximum value of 5. XRD pattern showed no difference between fishbone powder and bio-calcium with degree crystallinity 57 and 56.2%, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that both fishbone powder and bio-calcium powder contained hydroxyapatite, however citric acid slightly removed protein due to absence of amide 1 peaks in bio-calcium powder. Citric acid at 0.25% for 30 min helped to increase the yield and reduced some organic compound to obtain bio-calcium powder. The proper concentration of citric acid and stirring time yielded catfish bone bio-calcium with higher calcium content and hedonic value.

Stunting or a condition where an individual's height is lower than the majority of their peers due to nutritional issues, poses a significant challenge in the village of Lebosari. The relatively high stunting rates indicate a lack of nutritional awareness and suboptimal utilization of local resources. To address this issue the SEGANTING program has been implemented as a holistic solution. Involving the community in the Discovery, Dream, Design, and Destiny phases, the program includes food innovation, the Community Nutrition Corner, and the village's UMKM bazaar. Prior to the program's commencement, the pre-test results showed an average correct answer rate of 40.33. After the program's implementation, there was a 54% increase, with an average correct answer rate reaching 88.00 in the post-test. This reflects the significant contribution of the SEGANTING program in enhancing the understanding of the Lebosari community regarding nutritional awareness and stunting prevention through the optimization of the village's potential.

This research is based on the problems that exist in math subjects, especially in multiplication, adding, and subtracting. One of the fundamental problems experienced by students is a lack of understanding of basic concepts due to the lack of understanding of students reasoning and only paying attention to what is on the blackboard and the lack of learning media used during learning. In order for their understanding and numeracy skills to increase, learning resources for the Musi Board are needed. This study aims; (1) to test the feasibility of Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations; (2) to see students response when learning using Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations; (3) the effectiveness of Musi Board Media on math arithmetic operations. Using the ADDIE methodology (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), this study used the Research and Development approach. The study involved 26 students from grade II of SDN dukuh 08. This media had shown the validity of the media and materials with 94% and 95%, respectively, with a very feasible category. Students’ responses also reached 96%, respectively, with a very interesting category. The results show that this Musi Board Media is feasible to use to help students learning. Therefore, the solution to overcome the problems of students to understand the basic concepts of mathematics in counting operations is to use the media during the lesson. With an N-gain value of 59.26%, the effectiveness of utilizing Musi Board medium for math arithmetic operations falls into the Moderately Effective group.

Learning large whole numbers in elementary schools is generally given abstractly using conventional methods by educators so many students experience difficulty in solving the problems given. This research aims to create learning media that can help students solve several problems related to large whole numbers. The Dartboard Math learning media developed in this research is in the form of a box in which there is a circle board with categories of large whole number values. The method used was the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model. This research has carried out product trials by 27 class IV students at SDN Jakarta Timur. The result showed that the Dartboard Math media has demonstrated validity in the media aspect and material aspect with the same percentage of 92%, both of which are in the Very Appropriate category. This media has tested the practicality of products with a percentage of 89% falling into the Very Practical category. User respondents produced an average percentage of product attractiveness index of 89%, including the Very Attractive category. Based on these results, it can be seen that the Dartboard Math learning media is valid, practical, and effectively used as a learning media that can help the mathematics learning process in large whole number material.

Limited feed for pigs encourages using alternative feed such as tamarind seeds using hydroponic fodder technology. The research aimed to examine the nutrient content of tamarind seed hydroponic fodder due to different watering frequencies. The research was conducted in Kolhua Village, Kupang City from April-September 2023. The research used tamarind seeds originating from the Lembata city. The research used a Completely Randomized Design, with 3 watering frequency treatments, namely R0 = 1 watering (07.00 WIT), R1 = 2 times (07.00 and 19.00), R2 = 3 times (07.00, 15.00 and 23.00 Wita) and 8 repetitions. There were 100 seeds per container. Variables include tamarind seed fodder's nutrient content (organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash). Analysis used Analysis of Variance and Duncan's advanced test. The research results showed that watering frequency had a very significant effect (P

IntroductionDouble C2-like domain beta (DOC2B) is a vesicle priming protein critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower levels of DOC2B in their residual functional β-cell mass and platelets, a phenotype also observed in a mouse model of T1D. Thus, DOC2B levels could provide important information on β-cell dys(function).ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the DOC2B secretome of β-cells. In addition to soluble extracellular protein, we assessed DOC2B localized within membrane-delimited nanoparticles – extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, in rat clonal β-cells, we probed domains required for DOC2B sorting into EVs.MethodUsing Single Extracellular VEsicle Nanoscopy, we quantified EVs derived from clonal β-cells (human EndoC-βH1, rat INS-1 832/13, and mouse MIN6); two other cell types known to regulate glucose homeostasis and functionally utilize DOC2B (skeletal muscle rat myotube L6-GLUT4myc and human neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells); and human islets sourced from individuals with no diabetes (ND). EVs derived from ND human plasma, ND human islets, and cell lines were isolated with either size exclusion chromatography or differential centrifugation. Isolated EVs were comprehensively characterized using dotblots, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and immunoblotting.ResultsDOC2B was present within EVs derived from ND human plasma, ND human islets, and INS-1 832/13 β-cells. Compared to neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells and L6-GLUT4myc myotubes, clonal β-cells (EndoC-βH1, INS-1 832/13, and MIN6) produced significantly more EVs. DOC2B levels in EVs (over whole cell lysates) were higher in INS-1 832/13 β-cells compared to L6-GLUT4myc myotubes; SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells did not release appreciable DOC2B. Mechanistically, we show that DOC2B was localized to the EV lumen; the tandem C2 domains were sufficient to confer sorting to INS-1 832/13 β-cell EVs.DiscussionClonal β-cells and ND human islets produce abundant EVs. In cell culture, appreciable DOC2B can be packaged into EVs, and a small fraction is excreted as a soluble protein. While DOC2B-laden EVs and soluble protein are present in ND plasma, further studies will be necessary to determine if DOC2B originating from β-cells significantly contributes to the plasma secretome.

Extreme weather has made 2023 virtually certain to be the warmest year on record, signaling unprecedented climate and biodiversity crises. Brazil, the world’s most biodiverse country, with two hotspots and complex social and economic layers, has experienced escalating environmental degradation over the past years. Alarming rates of native vegetation loss, wildfires, severe and prolonged droughts, and heatwaves have adversely impacted several Brazilian ecosystems and societies. Despite the country’s decisive role in global carbon neutrality, bridging the gap between Brazil’s discourse on the international stage and its concrete actions at home remains a significant challenge. This correspondence, a collective plea from scientists across various sectors, underscores the urgent imperative for national engagement and commitment to halt and mitigate these crises. We aim to catalyze a robust international public debate, influencing Brazilian decision-makers to chart a concrete sustainable pathway. Aligned with global initiatives, we emphasize the crucial interplay between national and international efforts in combating climate change and the conservation of biodiversity and socio-biodiversity.

According to UU No. 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings (UUBG), the reliability of school buildings needs to be ensured to accommodate the learning activity of students and teachers. This issue should be a great concern, especially for special schools. This community service program aims to help non-productive communities access reliable learning facilities through visual audit assistance. The community service program consists of four stages, namely the inventory of school buildings technical data, document inspection, visual audit, and reports of audit result. The results of this community service are a report of SMPLB-A YPAB buildings condition, a report of visual audit results, and dissemination of visual audit results. This community service supports SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, particularly in the improvement of environment quality and inclusive communities within the context of school building.

Introduction: Cancers invade and destroy various parts of the body leading to death, if untreated. The burden of pediatric cancer is rising, especially in resource-poor regions. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of childhood cancer types, basis of diagnosis, therapy received, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children aged 0-17 who were diagnosed and treated for cancer from January 2013 to December 2022. Data obtained included biodata, diagnoses, initial disease stage, diagnostic investigation results and treatments from medical records. Other outcomes assessed were relapse, abandonment of therapy, and death. Results: Of the 229 patients, males were 57.6%, 51.5% were in age-group 0-4 years and mean(SD) annual cancer crude incidence rate (CIR) was 0.29(0.09)/100,000 children. Retinoblastoma increased from 0.16/100,000 children in 2013 to 0.27/100,000 children in 2022 and had the highest average age-standardized incidence rate (0.11/100,000 children). Other malignancies had annual CIR between 0.01 and 0.08/100,000 children. The most common method of diagnosis was primary site histology (39.7%). Majority had late-stage disease (66.4%), incomplete chemotherapy (62.5%), no surgery (54.5%), and no radiotherapy (99.1%). There was disease relapse (20.5%), treatment abandonment (42.8%), discharged against medical advice (23.6%) and death (29.7%). More males than females died (1.5:1). The crude mortality rate of retinoblastoma increased from 0.01 to 0.12/100,000 children, while others fluctuated between 0.01 and 0.04/100,000 children. The average age-standardized mortality rate was highest in 0–4 years’ age group (48.5%). Conclusion: The rate of new cancers, particularly retinoblastoma, is rising in our locality. Majority present in advanced disease and are not effectively treated, resulting in increasing mortality rates. Periodic audit of childhood cancer burden may help relevant stakeholders in determining ways of curbing these worsening pediatric cancer trends.

A study conducted in 20 districts of East Java Province revealed that open defecation in communities near water bodies was difficult to intervene in due to a lack of motivation to change. Using a constructivist perspective, this study investigated the views and experiences of individuals with open defecation habits in a riverside village to uncover the underlying reasons for their habits. To gather data, 15 riverside inhabitants who have been defecating in the river since childhood were interviewed, and field observations were conducted. The data were analysed using the Miles & Huberman model for the thematic analysis. The findings revealed that open defecation behaviour among riverside inhabitants was difficult to intervene in because it was associated with (1) social communication experiences; (2) socio-cultural factors; (3) individual attitudes; (4) economic constraints and household size; and (5) the physical environment. This study recommends tailoring sanitation promotion to community conditions and needs, involving community and religious leaders, and encouraging policymakers to protect rivers from industrial activity to improve behaviour change. HIGHLIGHTS Views and experiences of individuals with open defecation (OD) reveal fundamental causes of OD issues.; To enhance latrine adoption and utilisation, it is imperative to consider the fundamental causes of OD when devising a sanitation promotion strategy.; Few studies have examined OD habits from an individual perspective, although it is useful for designing a tailored sanitation promotion strategy.;

The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, faeces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1330-1344]

This study aims to apply Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) as a method for teaching students to identify mistakes they make when solving word problems involving plane geometry, identify factors that contribute to students' difficulty in understanding mathematical concepts while solving such problems, and determine appropriate strategies to address errors made by students in solving plane geometry word problems. The research used descriptive methodology and is classified as qualitative research. Data was obtained through tests and interviews conducted with four Grade IV students from a public elementary school in East Jakarta who participated in the study as respondents. The students' errors in solving plane geometry word problems using the NEA method were attributed to several factors: lack of attention during class, unawareness of the main issues in the problem, difficulty in selecting appropriate mathematical operations, challenges in executing calculation procedures accurately, and neglecting to review final answers. To address these errors, the research recommends providing practice questions ranging from easy to difficult, using teaching techniques and delivery methods that are easily understood by students, and using a variety of learning methods to accommodate different learning styles among students. Keywords: NEA, factors causing errors, error handling efforts

This research was conducted because there are still many grade II students experiencing difficulties in Mathematics lessons on addition and subtraction operations involving numbers up to 999. This problem arises when teachers have limitations in learning media and only use theme books as learning resources, causing a lack of numeracy skills in students because the learning process runs without using learning media. The purpose of this study is that researchers want to help students improve their numeracy skills by creating smart board learning media that can meet the criteria and eligibility to be used in Mathematics lessons, addition and subtraction materials up to 999. The method used in research is Research and Development (R & D) using a 4D model which includes the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Experts and grade II students of SDN Nagrak 03 filled out questionnaires that were used to collect data. Participants in this study were grade II students of SDN Nagrak 03, This study was divided into 2 groups, namely a large group of 28 students and a small group of 7 students. Based on the validation results, 95% of the media expert category is valid and very useful, for material experts there are 2 validation results, namely with a 93% validation percentage and a 98% validation percentage, both of which show the valid and very useful expert category. In addition, 93% of small group answers fall into the "very decent" category, while 94% of large group answers fall into the "very decent" category. Thus, the smart board learning media used to improve the numeracy skills of grade II students of SDN Nagrak 03 is practical, or very suitable for use in Mathematics learning.

Halimeda opuntia is one of the macroalgae species whose utilization is still slightly known. In the open sea, H. opuntia holds an important role in changing carbon dioxide (CO2) to calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This led to previous research analyzing the calcium content of H. opuntia, which showed 30.30%. However, the information about calcium powder extraction using HCl from H. opuntia has not been reported. This research aimed to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of calcium obtained from H. opuntia extracted using different hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations. The method used in this research was experimental laboratories with a completely randomized design (CRD) using different HCl concentrations (1N, 2N, and 3N). The extraction results were analyzed for yield value, moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, color, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle size, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The use of different HCl concentrations showed significant effect (p0.05) on ash content (91.95±0.47%), carbohydrate content (7.26±0.57%), lightness (L*) (86.21±0.83), yellowness or blueness (b*) (8.81±0.02), E (11.33±0.54), and whiteness index (WI) (83.62±0.70%), where the calcium extracted by 1N HCl (CH1) showed the best result. The SEM microstructural analysis showed a non-porous surface and a single cubical shape in CH1. Diffractogram pattern of calcium extracted from H. opuntia using different concentrations of HCl done by XRD exhibited the same pattern as CaCO3 for all samples. HCl solvent at 1 N can produce calcium powder from H. opuntia with high calcium content and better color characteristics.

Corporate governance and company value are essential issues in managing state-owned companies in Indonesia. This research examines the influence of corporate governance index and related-party transactions on the value of state-owned companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange by analyzing the role of political connections as a moderating variable. The population of this research is all state-owned companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2022. The research sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis uses moderated regression analysis. This research found that, in the case of state-owned companies in Indonesia, the corporate governance index positively affected company value. In contrast, related-party transactions harmed company value. Political connections have not been proven to be a moderating variable in the influence of corporate governance index on company value. However, they are proven on the influence between related-party transactions and company value. Investors in the Indonesian capital market assess political connections in state-owned companies in Indonesia as increasing the risk that it will worsen the influence of related-party transactions and the value of state-owned companies.

Abstract Background Efficient healthcare delivery and access to specialized care rely heavily on a well-established healthcare sector referral system. However, the referral system faces significant challenges in developing nations like Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess self-referral prevalence among patients attending tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care hospital, involving 822 patients visiting their outpatient or inpatient departments. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The patients’ mode of referral (self-referral or institutional referral) was considered the outcome variable. Results Approximately 58% of the participants were unaware of the referral system. Of all, 59% (485 out of 822) of patients visiting tertiary care hospitals were self-referred, while 41% were referred by other healthcare facilities. The primary reasons for self-referral were inadequate treatment (28%), inadequate facilities (23%), critical cases (14%), and lack of expert physicians (8%). In contrast, institutional referrals were mainly attributed to inadequate facilities to treat the patient (53%), inadequate treatment (47%), difficult-to-treat cases (44%), and lack of expert physicians (31%) at the time of referral. The private facilities received a higher proportion of self-referred patients compared to government hospitals (68% vs. 56%, p

Aquaculture within culture techniques is needed to support the optimization of a number of juveniles which sunu grouper natural spawning techniques. To optimize the natural spawning of Sunu Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) its is needed to know in details about the environment condition. Random design method by using several treatments consisted of one factor, temperature, and consisted of four treatments which are 26, 28, 30, and 32℃ which were repeated five times. Five steps were conducting start with the preparation, acclimatization of the eggs, stocking, and hatching of the eggs, and larval maintenance. Good quality feed is required to support gonad development and egg quality during brood stock-rearing. Environmental management of culture within culture techniques is needed to support the optimization of the number of juveniles. Temperature changes made by raising and lowering the temperature are a form of stimulation that trigger spawning to occur naturally. Keywords: aquaculture aquatic environment sunu grouper

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death globally, including in Indonesia. TB patients often experience anxiety, frustration, irritability, and guilt, influenced by their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, work, and primarily psychospiritual factors. One form of support provided to these patients is the Psycho-Spiritual and Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (PS-SEFT). This research aimed to determine the effect of e-counseling combined with PS-SEFT on anxiety levels and motivation for recovery in TB patients. The study used an experimental, correlational analytical method, with a random sample of 14 respondents suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The independent variable was the provision of e-counseling combined with PS-SEFT, and the dependent variables were the levels of anxiety and motivation to recover from TB. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, the HARZ scale, and medical records. Data were processed using various analyses, including the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels after the PS-SEFT intervention, with anxiety reducing by 35.7% from a previously very severe level. Motivation to recover increased significantly, with all 14 patients (100%) showing improvement from moderate to high levels. The Wilcoxon test results indicated a significant difference in the anxiety levels of TB patients before and after the PS-SEFT intervention (p-value=0.005), with the HARZ score decreasing from 95.00 to 32.00. The paired t-test results also showed a significant difference in patient motivation to recover before and after the PS-SEFT intervention (p-value=0.000), with the motivation score increasing from 91.25 to 98.75. Routine PS-SEFT practice by TB patients enhances their ability to manage anxiety and motivates them to recover. The success of these patients must be supported and accompanied by their families.

Introduction Determining aetiology of severe illness can be difficult, especially in settings with limited diagnostic resources, yet critical for providing life-saving care. Our objective was to describe the accuracy of antemortem clinical diagnoses in young children in high-mortality settings, compared with results of specific postmortem diagnoses obtained from Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS).Methods We analysed data collected during 2016–2022 from seven sites in Africa and South Asia. We compared antemortem clinical diagnoses from clinical records to a reference standard of postmortem diagnoses determined by expert panels at each site who reviewed the results of histopathological and microbiological testing of tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. We calculated test characteristics and 95% CIs of antemortem clinical diagnostic accuracy for the 10 most common causes of death. We classified diagnostic discrepancies as major and minor, per Goldman criteria later modified by Battle.Results CHAMPS enrolled 1454 deceased young children aged 1–59 months during the study period; 881 had available clinical records and were analysed. The median age at death was 11 months (IQR 4–21 months) and 47.3% (n=417) were female. We identified a clinicopathological discrepancy in 39.5% (n=348) of deaths; 82.3% of diagnostic errors were major. The sensitivity of clinician antemortem diagnosis ranged from 26% (95% CI 14.6% to 40.3%) for non-infectious respiratory diseases (eg, aspiration pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, etc) to 82.2% (95% CI 72.7% to 89.5%) for diarrhoeal diseases. Antemortem clinical diagnostic specificity ranged from 75.2% (95% CI 72.1% to 78.2%) for diarrhoeal diseases to 99.0% (95% CI 98.1% to 99.6%) for HIV.Conclusions Antemortem clinical diagnostic errors were common for young children who died in areas with high childhood mortality rates. To further reduce childhood mortality in resource-limited settings, there is an urgent need to improve antemortem diagnostic capability through advances in the availability of diagnostic testing and clinical skills.

In social life and global health, infertility is common. History of abdominal surgery, body mass index (BMI), endometriosis, menstrual history, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have not been fully explained as female infertility factors. This study examined infertility causes at ASHA in vitro fertilization Primasatya Husada Citra (PHC) Hospital Surabaya. This quantitative study was cross-sectional. In May-July 2023, 82 childbearing-age women with infertility issues visited the hospital and completed questionnaires. Description and analysis were performed using the Wilcoxon rank test to evaluate menstrual history, BMI, PCOS, endometriosis, and abdominal surgery history in relation to infertility. Infertility was statistically associated with abdominal surgery history (P=0.008), BMI (P=0.000), endometriosis diagnosis (P=0.000), and PCOS (P=0.000). Women with abdominal surgery, endometriosis, and PCOS had significant infertility. Women’s infertility can be caused by ovulation disorders, tubal and pelvic disorders, or uterine disorders, but one-third of cases are unexplained. Infertility treatment may benefit from addressing abdominal surgery history, BMI, endometriosis, and PCOS. Early intervention and targeted care based on these determinants may improve fertility outcomes and reduce unexplained infertility.

This research is motivated by the need for Islamic school's human resources who have strong character, have an entrepreneurial spirit, have high global insight competence, can think critically, creatively, communicatively, collaboratively, and innovatively, and have academic abilities that are in line with organizational needs in the era of digitalization. This means that madrasah teachers who have innovative work behavior are needed. To develop creative work behavior, a leader who can manage madrasa human resources must integrate entrepreneurial values with technology. The focus of the problem in this research is to develop a school principal's Technopreneurship leadership model to develop teachers' innovative work behavior influenced by self-efficacy, work environment, and teacher adaptability. The approach used in this research was a combination store using an explanatory method, and the research sample was 156 Bogor City Private MA teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires using a Likert scale, interviews, observation, documentation, and FGD. It was analyzed using the SmartPLS Ver 2.0 and Atlas TI evaluation models. The research results show that the technopreneur-ship leadership model can develop innovative work behavior in Islamic school teachers. So, suppose the school principal's Technopreneurship leadership model is implemented. In that case, it will impact increasing the innovative work behavior of Islamic school teachers, which will indirectly improve the quality of Islamic school education, marked by the formation of a professional Islamic school ecosystem.

The banana plant that is still underutilized compared to the fruit part is the heart of the banana. Even though the heart of the banana has many benefits and nutritional content that is good for health. Seeing the potential of the heart of the banana can improve public health, so food diversification efforts such as flour and substitutes for the basic ingredients of food to produce new forms of product innovation, so research was carried out to test its content, which aims to inform the public that the heart of the banana can be beneficial for health in processing into flour. This research was carried out in March-April 2022 at the Chemistry Education Laboratory of Nusa Cendana University, Kupang. There are four stages in this study, including 1) Manufacture of the heart of banana flour; 2) Proximate Test of the heart of banana flour; 3) Diversification of products based on the heart of banana flour, 4) Organoleptic test of products based on the heart of banana flour on 52 panelists. The results of research on the manufacture of banana heart flour are substituents of flour that have good nutritional content with relatively good character if used as a substitute for wheat flour because many parameters meet the quality requirements of wheat flour, namely the physical characteristics of banana heart flour meet the test requirements for shape. In contrast, the aroma, color, and taste in accordance with the characteristics of the nutritional content meet the moisture content proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. In contrast, the ash content does not complete because the mineral content in each ingredient is different and the manufacture of wheat flour. The result of the diversification of the products made, namely the Genital Widow Cake / Monde chips made from banana heart flour, are also included in the excellent category where the aroma, taste, and acceptance of the product are accepted in the community.

Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human–animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human–animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human–animal interface settings.

As the Covid-19 pandemic progressed, such measures disrupted schools and universities. Leaders of educational institutions identified online learning as the best option for students and teachers to continue their education when they were unable to attend school. Although EFL students' and teachers’ attitudes toward online learning were much discussed in the context of higher education, little evidence addresses how EFL teachers practice digital platforms in various EFL programs. This study aimed to investigate numerous digital platforms utilized by EFL teachers for online learning and the purposes in using those platforms. It also tried to find out the most frequently used platforms during the pandemic. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved ten EFL teachers from the English Education Program and non-English Education Programs (General English and ESP) of all faculties in a state Islamic institute in Indonesia. Through a closed and open questionnaire, this study found that all EFL teachers combined multiple digital platforms (the college’s e-learning platform developed from Moodle, WhatsApp group, YouTube, Google Form, Google Meet, Zoom meeting, Google Drive, Socrative, and Quizziz) for various purposes in online classroom activities. In addition, college’s e-learning platform developed from Moodle, WhatsApp group, and YouTube were found to be the most frequently used due to the benefits for online learning. In light of these findings, a discussion of the research implications for institutions of higher education and potential future researchers is presented.

The Brazilian Amazon is one of Earth’s most biodiverse and ecologically important regions. However, research investments for biodiversity in the biome are disproportionately low compared with other regions of Brazil. In 2022, the Amazon received 13% of master's, doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships and hosted 11% of all researchers working in biodiversity postgraduate programs. Amazonian institutions received approximately 10% of all federal budget spent on grants and scholarships and about 23% of all resources destined to support long-term ecological sites. The cities of Manaus and Belém concentrate about 90% of all grants and scholarships available for the entire region. Despite per capita research investment in the Amazon being equal to or better than that available for the more economically developed regions of Brazil, the distribution of resources by area is highly unequal. Increasing research funding for the Amazon region requires differential input by federal agencies and more transnational collaborations and integration between Amazonian programs and international funds.

Activated carbon or activated charcoal is one of the best materials that can be used as a constituent of CDI electrodes, not only because of its various advantageous properties but also because it can be sourced abundantly from plant waste. This research aims to determine the effect of the thickness of the candlenut shell activated charcoal electrode and the particle size of the activated carbon used on the capacitive deionization (CDI) performance in seawater desalination. Candlenut shell-based activated charcoal is obtained in three stages, namely preparation, carbonization, and activation. The carbonization stage was done by using a pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of 400°C for 8 hours. The activation was done with the activator of H3PO4 67%. The variation of thickness was 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm while the variation of particle size was 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, and 200 mesh. The results showed that the higher capacitance was obtained with the thinner electrodes, where the best value was the thinnest electrode, 6 mm, which produced the highest capacitance, 122.96 nF. For the desalination of seawater, it is shown that the finest particle/smallest particle size will result in the best desalination performance, where 200 mesh particle size will result in the decrease of salinity from 34% to 4%. That is 88.23% decrease in salinity. Therefore, the using of candlenut shell-based activated carbon as the electrode in CDI is proven to be able to obtain good performance in seawater desalination.

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a public health concern. Foodborne pathogens are infectious agents that can be transmitted from animals to humans through food and can become resistant due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics, especially in poultry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from local and broiler chickens at the Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 cloacal swab samples from 30 local and broiler chickens sold at the Cibinong market in West Java were obtained by random sampling. From these samples, 39 E. coli isolates were obtained after being cultured on eosin methylene blue agar and molecularly identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six antibiotic disks were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test against E. coli isolates cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar. PCR was performed to detect ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M). Results: A total of 76.47% (39/51) cloacal swab samples were positive for E. coli. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to imipenem (100%), and 38 isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (FOX) (97.4%). On average, the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (69.2%) and ceftriaxone (CRO) (89.7%). E. coli isolates were occasionally resistant to enrofloxacin (25.64%), followed by gentamicin (20.51%), CRO (10.25%), AMC (7.69%), and FOX (2.56%). The prevalence of E. coli AMR was 10.25% (4/39). All four multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) were confirmed to have the ESBL gene based on PCR. Conclusion: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli is still found, proving that there is still inappropriate use of antibiotics and a need for strict supervision of their use, especially around Cibinong market, West Java.

This research aims to explore and analyze Masterweb-based learning management in an educational context. The main objectives of this research are to: 1) Know the preparation done in Masterweb-based learning management, 2) Examine the integration of Masterweb-based learning management implementation, 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of Masterweb-based learning management, and 4) Assess the impact of the implementation of Masterweb-based learning management on the learning process. Masterweb-based learning management is an innovative approach that utilizes information and communication technology to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process. With the development of technology, the implementation of this system is expected to overcome various challenges in education, including limited resources, accessibility, and student engagement. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The participants in this study were educators, students and administrators involved in the use of Masterweb. The results show that thorough preparation, effective integration, and continuous evaluation are the keys to successful Masterweb-based learning management. In addition, the implementation of Masterweb has a significant positive impact on improving student engagement and learning outcomes. These include increased learning motivation, easier access to learning resources, and more dynamic interaction between students and teachers. This research provides practical recommendations for further development and implementation of Masterweb-based learning management in various educational institutions. Thus, it is expected that Masterweb can be an effective solution in facing learning challenges in the digital era.

The creation of a forest bioeconomy based on the extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP) is being recommended to create wealth from standing forests and halt deforestation in Amazonia. Current proposals do not recognize the limits of this system, nor the impacts of capitalism that drive NTFPs with elastic demand into monoculture plantations. We use a narrative review to revisit the history of these ideas and examine public policies. Among 2,253 Amazonian NTFPs, 1,037 produce edible fruits and 131 of these are extremely abundant (hyperdominant) across the biome and common in the extractive economy. Low productivity per hectare in the forest, low return on labor to harvest the production, and scarcity of labor are three critical limits to expanding supply, with the last being the most critical in forest areas. Overcoming these limitations requires changes in public policies and public investment for health care, communication, logistics, and especially for quality education designed for rural areas and a forest bioeconomy. A mix of public policies to alleviate market failures and increase supply, efficiency, and demand via R&D, minimum prices, payment for environmental services, distinct types of certifications may be able to make food NTFP harvesting, processing, and commercialization lucrative enough to halt rural exodus and keep forest specialists in standing forests. An Amazonian forest bioeconomy depends upon both social and biodiversity, and the full participation and collaboration of Indigenous People and local communities in developing these value chains that can contribute to food security.

The emergence of digital financial inclusion has initiated a debate about whether it is the next frontier of sustainable economic growth, especially for developing economies. This study aims to verify these contentions by examining the impact of digital financial inclusion on sustainable economic growth. Accordingly, we created automated teller machines and debit card holders (Debit) as the proxies of digital financial inclusion and examined their impact on sustainable economic growth through the proxies of gross domestic product (GDP) growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The empirical data between 2011 and 2020 was retrieved from Indonesia and was analyzed using the generalized method of movements (GMM) technique. The findings confirm that digital financial inclusion’s proxies (automated teller machines and Debit) have a significant positive (strong) effect on GDP growth and a significant positive (moderate) effect on CO2 emissions. This study may motivate developing countries to accelerate their digital financial inclusion initiatives to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Abstract Since the publication of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report, the concept of ecosystem services has gained visibility around the world, as many of these services are seen as essential for human well-being and their activities, and represent, in addition, an opportunity for financial support for conservation strategies of ecosystems under threat. In this context, this work aims to estimate the monetary values associated with ecosystem services and the losses linked to LULC change in the period of 1985-2021 in the Gurupi river basin, in one of the most deforested regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The results show that the decrease in forest areas caused a loss of monetary value of ecosystem services of US$ 1961 million. The net gain in the analyzed period derived mainly from the increase in agricultural areas devoted to soybean cultivation, with a reduction in areas devoted to other food crops, which may represent a risk to food security in the region.

O artigo apresenta um breve panorama da Ciência e Tecnologia na Amazônia em uma perspectiva regional, discute o papel das universidades, instituições científicas e tecnológicas e centros de saberes, e discorre sobre os desafios para a mobilização dessas instituições para o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, considerando alguns atributos territoriais e atores regionais. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados e indicadores nacionais da pós-graduação, investimentos e distribuição geográfica das instituições públicas de ensino e pesquisa na Amazônia e, ao final, são apresentados caminhos para o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia regional de Ciência e Tecnologia. Conclui-se que, apesar do considerável avanço nas últimas décadas, ainda se tem uma realidade de investimentos inexpressivos na região e que é imperativo um projeto que incorpore Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação às dinâmicas produtivas, capazes de conformar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento na Amazônia brasileira.

BackgroundVolunteering positively affects overall health of both volunteers and recipients through social interaction, support and physical activity. Health professionals’ volunteering has considerable potential to improve health outcomes in communities.ObjectivesThis study aimed to summarize published scientific literature regarding volunteering by health professionals.MethodMedine, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHLdatabases were searched to identify eligible studies published between 2010 and 2023. Data on study methods and findings were extracted and synthesized.ResultsOf the 144 eligible studies, 80 (56%) used quantitative methods, 46 (32%) used qualitative, 18 (12%) used mixed methods and 8 (6%) were interventional. Doctors (74 studies, 51%) and nurses (n = 40, 28%) were the professions with most reports of volunteering. Half the studies were from USA (n = 77, 53%), followed by UK (n = 19, 13%), Canada (n = 12, 8%), and Australia/New Zealand (n = 11, 8%). International volunteering in low-to-middle-income countries was reported in 64 studies (44%). Providing service and training were the dominant types of activities (n = 90, 62.5%), with health promotion reported in only 4 studies (3%). Studies reported positive impact from volunteering, both professionally and personally. Time and family commitments were the main barriers. Enablers, barriers and impact were summarized in a socio-ecological map.ConclusionHealth professionals volunteer in diverse activities and report multifaceted benefits. Studies of volunteering interventions could enable new, sustainable approaches to health promotion.

Indonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population, so this can cause concern. Islam also teaches about the obligation to consume halal food, resulting in the emergence of various halal industries to meet food needs. One of the products produced by the halal food industry is chicken nuggets. Chicken nuggets are available in various brands with different ingredients ranging from raw materials, additional ingredients, to supporting ingredients. When processing nuggets, it must be ensured that they meet halal food safety standards, one of which is using the Halal Critical Control Point (HCCP) approach. This HCCP aims to consider the origin of raw materials, the processing process until it becomes a product that is ready for distribution. This research aims to determine the critical point for halal food in chicken nugget products in Indonesia as a novelty of this research. In this research, a library study or literature review research method was used. The results of this search show that the critical point for halal food in chicken nuggets is divided into 7 of them; 1) chicken meat, 2) wheat flour, 3) cooking oil, 4) processed vegetable ingredients, 5) sugar, 6) soy protein, 7) monosodium glutamate. This research can help provide information to the public about the importance of halal food from production to processing aspects.

Eco enzyme has nutrients for liquid organic fertilizer. However, the eco enzyme's N, P, K elements are still below the quality standard. Liquid organic fertilizer is disadvantaged in handling, packaging, use, and transportation compared to pellet form. Nutrient levels can be increased through fish bones and rice bran addition. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the best pellets based on Ministry of Agriculture quality standards No. 261/2019, such as length, diameter, density, water content and N, P, K levels. The eco enzyme, water, fish bones, and rice bran’s formula were: C1 (1: 0: 1: 1), C2 ( ¾: ¼: 1: 1 ), and C3 ( ½: ½: 1: 1). Pellets were made by mixing the ingredients with 5% tapioca solution. The tools used to measure pellet length, diameter, and pH were caliper and pH meter. The water content using the gravimetric method. The N, P, and K levels were tested at BALISTA Lembang, Bandung. All formulations’ pellet length and diameter averaged ±12 mm and 4 mm. Water content of C1, C2, and C3 pellets were 8.63%, 8.97%, and 9.18%, respectively. pH of C1, C2, and C3 pellets were 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9, respectively. Particle density for C1, C2, and C3 were 1.37 g/cm3, 1.44 g/cm3, and 1.46 g/cm3, respectively, while the bulk densities were 0.58 g/cm3, 0.63 g/cm3, and 0.64 g/cm3, respectively. The N, P, K levels in C1, C2, and C3 were 5.2%, 4.79% and 4.3%, respectively. C3 is the best formulation. All pellets meet quality standards.

Abstract Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.