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This article presents a high‐gain linearly polarized three‐dimensionally‐printed dielectric transmitarray with an integrated lens antenna (ILA) as a feed source. The proposed transmitarray contains 1336 unit cells of 16 different types with a gradual phase change of 22.5°. The unit cells have a cross‐section of 5.4 × 5.4 mm, and their height varies from 0 to 24.2 mm for different gradual phase changes. The designed transmitarray shows a maximum gain of 19.5 dBi at 28 GHz with a 3‐dB beamwidth of less than 7° in both the E‐ and H‐planes. Furthermore, a holder with seven distinct feed positions has been designed to alter the location of the feed antenna in the focal plane of the transmitarray. The main beam can be switched by exciting these feeds individually. In addition, it has an impedance bandwidth (|S11 | <−10 dB) from 24.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz for all the feed positions. The proposed antenna system is a good candidate for radar, wireless power transmission, and high‐power military applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the recently expanded approval of antifibrotics for various fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), early and correct recognition of these diseases is imperative for physicians. Because high-resolution chest CT scan forms the backbone of diagnosis for ILD, this review will discuss evidence-based imaging findings of key fibrotic ILDs and an approach for differentiating these diseases. (1) Imaging findings of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia may evolve over time and become indistinguishable from usual interstitial pneumonia. Therefore, if remote imaging can be reviewed, this would increase the likelihood of an accurate imaging diagnosis, particularly if findings appear to represent a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on the recent examination. (2) Given the difficulty and lack of objectivity in classifying patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis into acute, subacute, and chronic categories and that prognosis depends primarily on presence or absence of fibrosis, the new set of guidelines released in 2020 categorizes patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis as either nonfibrotic (purely inflammatory) or fibrotic (either purely fibrotic or mixed fibrotic/inflammatory) based on imaging and/or histologic findings, and the prior temporal terms are no longer used. (3) Interstitial lung abnormalities are incidental CT scan findings that may suggest early ILD in patients without clinical suspicion for ILD. Patients with high-risk features should undergo clinical evaluation for ILD and be actively monitored for disease progression. Fibrotic ILD on high-resolution chest CT scan is a complex topic, but with use of an evidence-based analysis and algorithm as provided in this article, the probability of a correct imaging diagnosis increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bir beşer olan insan Yüce Allah tarafından en güzel şekilde yaratılmıştır. Nitekim insan fiziksel bazı unsurlarla birlikte, onu diğer canlılardan ayıran, insan formuna sokan birtakım duygu ve güdülerle donatılmıştır. Bu bağlamda insanı diğer canlılardan ayıran, onun akıl sahibi bir varlık olmasıdır. Akıl ve düşünme yetisi gibi üstün meziyetlerle yaratılması, insanın daha ağır bazı sorumlulukları yüklenmesini gerektirmiştir. Bu sorumluluklardan bir kısmı insanın bazı zihinsel hallerinden müteşekkildir. Nitekim öfke gibi birtakım güdüler psikolojik olup, insanın çeşitli tasarruflarına etki etmektedir. Abdurrahman Caner’in kaleme aldığı “Psikolojik Etmenler ve Öfkenin Fıkhî Hükümlere Etkisi” isimli kitap çalışması, öfkenin insanın ibadet ve muamelat gibi birtakım alışverişlerine etki edebileceğini merkeze alan bir inceleme/araştırma niteliğini taşımaktadır. İslam hukukunda öfkenin etki alanı oldukça fazladır. Bu itibarla öfke ve öfke neticesinde ortaya çıkan çeşitli fıkhi problemler ile çözüm yolları, halen güncelliğini koruyan bir argüman olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Yazar bu çalışmada öfke kavramı, öfkeyi meydana getiren sebepler ile öfkenin ibadet ve muamelata etkisinin fıkhi değerlendirmesini ele almıştır.

Islamic jurisprudence has given much attention to family law and marital issues. One of fiqhī matter related to family life is "Ilā". When a person swears an oath to abstain from marital relations or imposes a significant penalty upon himself about his wife it is called Ilā. In this research article Ilā has been discussed and addressed. In the pre-Islamic era, a practice known as "Ilā" was prevalent, where a man would make an oath to abstain from marital relations with his wife and leave her in a state of suspension. During this period, he wouldn't treat her as a wife but also wouldn't divorce her to set her free, allowing her to go wherever she pleased. Islam introduced a significant modification to this pre-Islamic tradition. It mandated that in such cases, the husband must revoke his oath within four months, otherwise his wife would be granted an irrevocable divorce. If the husband revoked his oath, he would be required to fulfill an expiation, which could be feeding ten needy individuals, clothing them, or emancipating a slave. If he couldn't do any of these, he had to have fast for three days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Darüşşifa Journal of Islamic Medical History Research is the property of Darussifa Journal of Islamic Medical History Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Introduction Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) often represent early fibrotic changes that can portend a progressive fibrotic phenotype. In particular, the fibrotic subtype of ILA is associated with increased mortality and rapid decline in lung function. Understanding the differential gene expression that occurs in the lungs of participants with fibrotic ILA may provide insight into development of a useful biomarker for early detection and therapeutic targets for progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Measures of ILA and gene expression data were available in 213 participants in the Detection of Early Lung Cancer Among Military Personnel (DECAMP1 and DECAMP2) cohorts. ILA was defined using Fleischner Society guidelines and determined by sequential reading of computed tomography (CT) scans. Primary analysis focused on comparing gene expression in ILA with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern with those with no ILA. Results ILA was present in 51 (24%) participants, of which 16 (7%) were subtyped as ILA with a UIP pattern. One gene, pro platelet basic protein (PPBP) and seventeen pathways (e.g. TNF-α signalling) were significantly differentially expressed between those with a probable or definite UIP pattern of ILA compared to those without ILA. 16 of these 17 pathways, but no individual gene, met significance when comparing those with ILA to those without ILA. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that abnormal inflammatory processes are apparent in the bronchial airway gene expression profiles of smokers with and without lung cancer with ILA. Future studies with larger and more diverse populations will be needed to confirm these findings.

The term sacred grove‘ is used to denote an area of vegetation that is afforded special protection on religious grounds. In India, where sacred groves are known by a wide repertoire of local names, such places may be found right from the Himalayas up to the far South. Sacred groves host veneration of natural phenomena or elements of landscape, but also ancestral, local, folk or tribal gods and Sanskritised deities; the use of their resources is strictly regulated. Research studies on sacred groves in India often consider them to be a legacy of archaic economic forms, possibly harking back to the stage of hunters-gatherers, and an expression of a religiosity dating back to a remote, non-Aryan, pre-Vedic antiquity. However, main sources for our knowledge of Indian antiquity, namely the literary sources, provide no direct record of voices of such archaic societies. Nonetheless, the same sources allow us to highlight some important aspects of the sacredness anciently ascribed to vegetation, forest, and specific places therein. The present paper proposes to focus on the Brahmanical hermit‘s distinct relationship with the forest and examine some aspects related to food.

Tryptophan and its derivatives perform a variety of biological functions; however, the role and specific mechanism of many tryptophan derivatives in intestinal inflammation remain largely unclear. Here, we identified that an Escherichia coli strain (Ec-TMU) isolated from the feces of tinidazole-treated individuals, and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) in its supernatant, decreased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Ec-TMU and ILA contribute to the relief of colitis by inhibiting the production of epithelial CCL2/7, thereby reducing the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ILA downregulates glycolysis, NF-κB, and HIF signaling pathways via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, resulting in decreased CCL2/7 production in epithelial cells. Clinical evidence suggests that the fecal ILA level is negatively correlated with the progression indicator of inflammatory bowel diseases. These results demonstrate that ILA has the potential to regulate intestinal homeostasis by modulating epithelium-macrophage interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LTE-Advanced is an integral part of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 12 onwards technologies, in which the high speed mobile services and number of smart phone users have been increased drastically. The increase in the demand of high data rate has placed huge traffic load at the base stations. In 5th generation the Device to Device (D2D) communication is the most promising technology which offload the data traffic from the conventional cellular networks. It provides an increase in system throughput, spectral efficiency and reduces the overall transmitted power. However there is an issue of interference between D2D and cellular users, as they are using the same frequency slot called resource block (RB) in sharing mode. In this paper we have proposed a scheme to maximize the sum rate and throughput of the system and minimize the co-tier interference that occurs between cellular and D2D users. In proposed scheme we have designed interference limited area (ILA) based algorithm for the resource allocation to the D2D and cellular users. The ILA provides a spatial separation of the interference aggressor and victim. The proposed algorithm has been simulated and the simulation results have been compared with other conventional scheme. The maximum achievable sum rate using proposed scheme ILA with RA is 30 bps/ Hz, and as the number of active D2D users increased to 50 the sum rate is maintained to a value of 25 bps/Hz. The maximum achievable throughput of the system is obtained near about 0.9 when the number of active D2D users is taken 50. It shows the improved sum rate and throughput. We have also analyzed the computational complexity and the degree of convergence of proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) often represent early fibrotic changes that can portend a progressive fibrotic phenotype. In particular, the fibrotic subtype of ILA is associated with increased mortality and rapid decline in lung function. Understanding the differential gene expression that occurs in the lungs of participants with fibrotic ILA may provide insight into development of a useful biomarker for early detection and therapeutic targets for progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Measures of ILA and gene expression data were available in 213 participants in the Detection of Early Lung Cancer Among Military Personnel (DECAMP1 and DECAMP2) cohorts. ILA was defined using Fleischner Society guidelines and determined by sequential reading of computed tomography (CT) scans. Primary analysis focused on comparing gene expression in ILA with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern with those with no ILA. Results: ILA was present in 51 (24%) participants, of which 16 (7%) were subtyped as ILA with a UIP pattern. One gene, pro platelet basic protein (PPBP) and seventeen pathways (e.g. TNF-α signalling) were significantly differentially expressed between those with a probable or definite UIP pattern of ILA compared to those without ILA. 16 of these 17 pathways, but no individual gene, met significance when comparing those with ILA to those without ILA. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that abnormal inflammatory processes are apparent in the bronchial airway gene expression profiles of smokers with and without lung cancer with ILA. Future studies with larger and more diverse populations will be needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are incidentally found nondependent parenchymal abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone and are potentially related to interstitial lung disease and worsening post-treatment outcomes in malignancies and infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of ILA changes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their change in the follow-up period. This retrospective single-center study included 113 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC who underwent lung MSCT prior to treatment. ILAs were reported in 13.3% of patients on pretreatment MSCT. Patients with ILAs were significantly older (median 75 vs. 67 years). ILAs were most prevalent in lower zones (73.3%) (p = 0.0045). The most reported ILA subtype was subpleural non-fibrotic (60%) (p = 0.0354). Reticulations were the most frequently described pattern (93.3%) (p < 0.0001). Progression of ILAs was reported in almost 30% of patients after receiving therapy. Patients with pre-existing ILAs were more likely to develop radiation-induced lung fibrosis after adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.0464). In conclusion, ILA's incidence, distribution and presentation were similar to previous research conducted in other special cohorts. Our research suggests a possible association of more frequent radiation pneumonitis with ILA changes in patients with HNSCC, which should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug‐induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related interstitial lung disease (ICI‐ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICIs. Methods We defined ILAs as nondependent abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone, including ground‐glass or diffuse centrilobular nodularities, traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and nonemphysematous cysts. Early‐onset ICI‐ILD was defined as developing within 3 months after the initiation of ICI administration. Results Of 264 patients with advanced NSCLC, 57 patients (21.6%) had ILAs (43 fibrotic and 14 nonfibrotic ILAs). The difference between the incidence of ICI‐ILD in patients with or without ILAs was not significant. Of 193 patients treated by ICI monotherapy, 18 (9.3%) developed early‐onset ICI‐ILD. Among patients receiving ICI monotherapy, the incidence of early‐onset ICI‐ILD was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without nonfibrotic ILAs. Conclusion The presence of nonfibrotic ILAs is a significant risk for early‐onset ICI‐ILD in patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI monotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of ILAs, especially nonfibrotic ILAs, before administering ICIs to lung cancer patients.

The term =sacred grove' is used to denote an area of vegetation that is afforded special protection on religious grounds. In India, where sacred groves are known by a wide repertoire of local names, such places may be found right from the Himalayas up to the far South. Sacred groves host veneration of natural phenomena or elements of landscape, but also ancestral, local, folk or tribal gods and Sanskritised deities; the use of their resources is strictly regulated. Research studies on sacred groves in India often consider them to be a legacy of archaic economic forms, possibly harking back to the stage of hunters-gatherers, and an expression of a religiosity dating back to a remote, non-Aryan, pre-Vedic antiquity. However, main sources for our knowledge of Indian antiquity, namely the literary sources, provide no direct record of voices of such archaic societies. Nonetheless, the same sources allow us to highlight some important aspects of the sacredness anciently ascribed to vegetation, forest, and specific places therein. The present paper proposes to focus on the Brahmanical hermit's distinct relationship with the forest and examine some aspects related to food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug‐induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related interstitial lung disease (ICI‐ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICIs. Methods: We defined ILAs as nondependent abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone, including ground‐glass or diffuse centrilobular nodularities, traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and nonemphysematous cysts. Early‐onset ICI‐ILD was defined as developing within 3 months after the initiation of ICI administration. Results: Of 264 patients with advanced NSCLC, 57 patients (21.6%) had ILAs (43 fibrotic and 14 nonfibrotic ILAs). The difference between the incidence of ICI‐ILD in patients with or without ILAs was not significant. Of 193 patients treated by ICI monotherapy, 18 (9.3%) developed early‐onset ICI‐ILD. Among patients receiving ICI monotherapy, the incidence of early‐onset ICI‐ILD was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without nonfibrotic ILAs. Conclusion: The presence of nonfibrotic ILAs is a significant risk for early‐onset ICI‐ILD in patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI monotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of ILAs, especially nonfibrotic ILAs, before administering ICIs to lung cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are incidentally found nondependent parenchymal abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone and are potentially related to interstitial lung disease and worsening post-treatment outcomes in malignancies and infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of ILA changes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their change in the follow-up period. This retrospective single-center study included 113 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC who underwent lung MSCT prior to treatment. ILAs were reported in 13.3% of patients on pretreatment MSCT. Patients with ILAs were significantly older (median 75 vs. 67 years). ILAs were most prevalent in lower zones (73.3%) (p = 0.0045). The most reported ILA subtype was subpleural non-fibrotic (60%) (p = 0.0354). Reticulations were the most frequently described pattern (93.3%) (p < 0.0001). Progression of ILAs was reported in almost 30% of patients after receiving therapy. Patients with pre-existing ILAs were more likely to develop radiation-induced lung fibrosis after adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.0464). In conclusion, ILA’s incidence, distribution and presentation were similar to previous research conducted in other special cohorts. Our research suggests a possible association of more frequent radiation pneumonitis with ILA changes in patients with HNSCC, which should be further investigated.

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are defined as the presence of different patterns of increased lung density, including ground glass attenuation and reticular opacities on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In this study, we included 90 subjects with ILA and 189 healthy controls (HC) from our Aging Lung Program. We found that subjects with ILA are older, have a significant smoking history, and have worse pulmonary function than HC (p < 0.05). When we evaluated the allele frequencies of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, we found that HLA-DRB1*07 was associated with a higher risk for ILA (p < 0.05, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.06–3.57). When we compared subjects with subpleural ILA vs. HC, the association with HLA-DRB1*07 became stronger than the whole ILA group (p < 0.05, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.24–4.25). Furthermore, subjects with subpleural ILA and central ILA display differences in allele frequencies with HLA-DRB1*14 (3.33% vs. 13.33%, p < 0.05) and *15 (3.33% vs. 20%, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the HLA-DRB1*07 allele contributes to the risk of ILA, especially those of subpleural locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The magnitude of aircraft accidents due to the spatial disorientation (SD) experienced by the aircrew has encouraged efforts to provide optimum training to prevent and minimize those unexpected accidents. In their publication, USAF has stated that SD had caused 15-69% of their aircraft fatal accidents. This study aims to determine the extent of which the SD training program in Aerophysiological Indoctrination and exercise (ILA) of the Indonesian Air Force has been carried out effectively, making it useful for the crew to prevent accidents. The main focus of the study is to analyze the willingness of aircraft crew; leadership support policy, simulator tool condition, and qualification of instructors. This research designed to use a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collections obtained through depth interviews involving Indonesian Air Force aircrews, aviation health experts, instructors officer of Health Service of Indonesian Air Force, and also through the search of publication and related documents. The results show that there are still many aspects required more attention from the Indonesian Air Force authorities; insufficient simulator facilities that are too old and out of Job, inadequate software as the basis of the implementation of the training program, the limited .qualifications of training instructors, and lack of support from higher commands.

To goal of the research was in study the response of the cardiovascular system: blood pressure , heart rate in response to intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) 4% solution articaine with epinephrine 1:100 000 in the treatment of caries and pulpitis. In the research took part 130 patients 1, 2 grade ASA. Monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate in three periods: before - 1, immediately after the ILA - 2 and after treatment - 3. Statistics: criterion t, computer software (Statgraphics). The biggest differences occurred between the indices of 2 and 3 period and less than 1 and 2. Most striking changes were in HR, SBP, and very little DBP. On average, immediately after injection indicators HR increased by 4.8 beats / min, SBP by 5 mm Hg. Increased blood pressure in hypertensive patients was highest. Dose of anesthetic solution, starting with 0.8 ml, exerted a significant influence only on heart rate. Reaction: anxiety, palpitations, headache occurred in 18 subjects and 4 as fainting. The maximum changes of cardiovascular system occur in the first minute after ILA. Monitoring before and after ILA needs.

Rationale and Objectives: The structural lung features that characterize individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) that remain stable overtime are unknown. The objective of this study was to use machine learning models with computed tomography (CT) imaging to classify stable PRISm from stable controls and stable COPD and identify discriminative features., Materials and Methods: A total of 596 participants that did not transition between control, PRISm and COPD groups at baseline and 3-year follow-up were evaluated: n = 274 with normal lung function (stable control), n = 22 stable PRISm, and n = 300 stable COPD. Investigated features included: quantitative CT (QCT) features (n = 34), such as total lung volume (%TLC CT ) and percentage of ground glass and reticulation (%GG+Reticulation texture ), as well as Radiomic (n = 102) features, including varied intensity zone distribution grainy texture (GLDZM ZDV ). Logistic regression machine learning models were trained using various feature combinations (Base, Base+QCT, Base+Radiomic, Base+QCT+Radiomic). Model performances were evaluated using area under receiver operator curve (AUC) and comparisons between models were made using DeLong test; feature importance was ranked using Shapley Additive Explanations values., Results: Machine learning models for all feature combinations achieved AUCs between 0.63-0.84 for stable PRISm vs. stable control, and 0.65-0.92 for stable PRISm vs. stable COPD classification. Models incorporating imaging features outperformed those trained solely on base features (p < 0.05). Compared to stable control and COPD, those with stable PRISm exhibited decreased %TLC CT and increased %GG+Reticulation texture and GLDZM ZDV ., Conclusion: These findings suggest that reduced lung volumes, and elevated high-density and ground glass/reticulation patterns on CT imaging are associated with stable PRISm., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Wan C. Tan MD reports financial support was provided by Canadian Institute of Heath Research(CIHR), Astra Zeneca Canada Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline Canada Ltd., Merck Canada Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Nycomed Canada Inc., Pfizer Canada Ltd. Jean Bourbeau MD reports financial support was provided by Canadian Institute of Heath Research (CIHR), Réseau en santé respiratoire du FRQS, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, AstraZeneca Canada Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline Canada Ltd., Grifols Canada Ltd., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Sanofi, Trudell Canada Ltd., COVIS Pharma Canada Ltd. Miranda Kirby PhD reports financial support was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant, The Early Researchers Award Program, The Canada Research Chair Program (Tier II). Miranda Kirby PhD reports a relationship with VIDA Diagnostics Inc that includes consulting or advisory. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Résumé: Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (IPP) sont une des classes thérapeutiques les plus prescrites. Le respect des indications est au centre d'un enjeu de santé publique, les taux de prescription inappropriée variant de 25 à 70 % selon les données de la littérature. La problématique de sécurité d'usage des IPP a récemment attiré l'attention des médias et des profanes. Les gastro-entérologues sont fréquemment sollicités sur la pertinence et l'innocuité du traitement par IPP. Afin d'éviter des arrêts intempestifs et inappropriés d'un traitement indiqué, les prescripteurs doivent évaluer objectivement les preuves permettant de retenir une éventuelle relation de cause à effet entre un effet indésirable et la prise d'IPP. Malgré la longue liste d'effets secondaires potentiels rapportée dans de nombreuses publications au cours de ces dernières années, la qualité des preuves apportées dans la littérature est souvent insuffisante pour établir une relation causale entre l'IPP et bon nombre d'effets indésirables signalés. Ainsi, de nombreux effets secondaires rapportés pourraient résulter de biais méthodologiques observés dans les études observationnelles, souvent rétrospectives. Le bon usage des IPP est le premier temps de prévention des effets secondaires ; il regroupe le respect des indications, l'adaptation de la posologie à la dose minimale efficace, la reconsidération du traitement à chaque nouvelle prescription et fait partie de notre responsabilité médicale permettant de limiter la survenue d'effets indésirables. La connaissance de ces effets et de leur risque de survenue peut permettre de les prévenir, de les détecter et de les prendre en charge précocement de façon adaptée. En cas d'indication avérée du traitement par IPP, il n'y a aucune preuve scientifique suffisante pour imposer un arrêt du traitement afin de limiter la survenue et l'intensité d'effets indésirables potentiels. Le but de ce travail est de passer en revue les principaux effets secondaires attribués aux IPP rapportés dans la littérature. Proton pump inhibitor's (PPI) are one of the most prescribed therapeutic classes. The respect of the indications is at the center of a public health issue, the rates of inappropriate prescription ranging from 25 to 70% according to the data in the literature. The problem of security in the use of PPIs has recently attracted the attention of the media and lay people. Gastroenterologists are frequently asked about the suitability and safety of treatment with PPI. In order to avoid untimely and inappropriate discontinuation of an indicated treatment, prescribers should objectively assess the evidence to support a possible cause-and-effect relationship between an adverse reaction and taking PPIs. Despite the long list of potential side effects of PPIs reported in numerous publications in recent years, the quality of the evidence provided in the literature is often insufficient to establish a causal relationship between treatment with PPIs and many of the effects unwanted reported. Thus, many reported side effects could be the result of methodological biases observed in observational studies, often retrospective. The correct use of PPIs is the first step in preventing side effects; it includes compliance with the indications, adjusting the dosage to the minimum effective dose, reconsidering the treatment with each new prescription and is part of our medical responsibility to limit the occurrence of adverse effects. The knowledge of these effects and their risk of occurrence can help prevent, detect and treat them early appropriately. In the event of a proven indication for treatment with PPI, there is currently no sufficient scientific evidence to impose treatment to be discontinued in order to limit the occurrence and intensity of potential side effects. The aim of this work is to review the main side effects attributed to PPIs reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kutadgu Bilig is one of the most important treasures of Turkish history, art, language, and literature as well as Turkish cultural history, whereas Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk demonstrates the wealth of Turkish culture and civilization. Hundreds of studies have been done on these two works, yet they still pose many questions waiting to be answered. This article focuses on the word read as ıla in Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk and Kutadgu Bilig and recommends a new way of reading it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless access technology is a popular means of delivering various telecommunication services to users in Nigeria. Wireless Mesh Networking and Wireless Sensor Networking have found useful applications in wireless access systems, surveillance and infrastructure Management. A key problem associated with this technology is performance degradation in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Achieving good QoS in Wireless Networks design involves implementing a robust routing optimization technique. Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique in NS2 network simulator was used to implement routing optimization in order to solve the performance issues experienced in a campus-based Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication system. The Interference and Load Aware (ILA) routing metric was chosen as the fitness function which helps to select the best route from a set of identified traffic paths that best guarantees low delay, high throughput and low packet losses suitable for real time communication. Results show that the GA based route optimization produced a 23% improvement in Throughput, 11% less Delay and 16% less Packet loss in comparison to the non-GA route. This work shows that route optimization in wireless multi-hop networks based on GA and ILA improves its QoS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are defined as the presence of different patterns of increased lung density, including ground glass attenuation and reticular opacities on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In this study, we included 90 subjects with ILA and 189 healthy controls (HC) from our Aging Lung Program. We found that subjects with ILA are older, have a significant smoking history, and have worse pulmonary function than HC (p < 0.05). When we evaluated the allele frequencies of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, we found that HLA-DRB1*07 was associated with a higher risk for ILA (p < 0.05, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.06–3.57). When we compared subjects with subpleural ILA vs. HC, the association with HLA-DRB1*07 became stronger than the whole ILA group (p < 0.05, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.24–4.25). Furthermore, subjects with subpleural ILA and central ILA display differences in allele frequencies with HLA-DRB1*14 (3.33% vs. 13.33%, p < 0.05) and *15 (3.33% vs. 20%, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the HLA-DRB1*07 allele contributes to the risk of ILA, especially those of subpleural locations.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Latinos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal is the property of Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) is intended to facilitate lung protective ventilation in patients with hypercarbia. The combination of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and minimal-flow ECCO2R offers a promising concept for patients in need of both. We hypothecated that this system is able to remove enough CO2 to facilitate lung protective ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients. In 11 ventilated patients with acute renal failure who received either pre- or postdilution CRRT, minimal-flow ECCO2R was added to the circuit. During 6 h of combined therapy, CO2 removal and its effect on facilitation of lung-protective mechanical ventilation were assessed. Ventilatory settings were kept in assisted or pressure-controlled mode allowing spontaneous breathing. With minimal-flow ECCO2R significant decreases in minute ventilation, tidal volume and paCO2 were found after one and three but not after 6 h of therapy. Nevertheless, no significant reduction in applied force was found at any time during combined therapy. CO2 removal was 20.73 ml CO2/min and comparable between pre- and postdilution CRRT. Minimal-flow ECCO2R in combination with CRRT is sufficient to reduce surrogates for lung-protective mechanical ventilation but was not sufficient to significantly reduce force applied to the lung. Causative might be the absolute amount of CO2 removal of only about 10% of resting CO2 production in an adult as we found. The benefit of applying minimal flow ECCO2R in an uncontrolled setting of mechanical ventilation might be limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide insights into pragmatic assessment in terms of appropriateness from a multimodal perspective at a conversational level. The study involved the design of a rubric for assessing pragmatic appropriateness from a holistic perspective, that is, it addresses linguistic and non-linguistic resources. The study was conducted in a Spanish higher education context and involved 64 participants, who were divided into two different proficiency levels (B1 and B2). Data were gathered by means of a role-play task that elicits complaints and responses to complaints, and a multimodal corpus consisting of 32 videos was compiled. Two raters examined participants' performance according to the rubric devised for the purposes of the study. Results reveal that general proficiency level appears to influence pragmatic appropriateness in terms of the expressions used and the management of turns during the conversation. This study suggests that analysing pragmatic appropriateness from a holistic perspective deserves further investigation and its findings set the ground for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To explore the use of Xiao'er Kechuanling Oral Dquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch on the basis of comprehensive treatment, compare it with the combined aerosol inhalation of terbutaline, ipratropium bromide and budesonide which are commonly used in clinic, and observe the curative effect in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis and the effect on serum ILA and IL-8. [Methods] 80 children with acute bronchiolitis were randomly divided into observation group (n =40) and control group (n =40), and both groups were given routine comprehensive treatment. The observation group was treated with Xiao'er Kechuanling Oral Dquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch and budesonide, while the control group was treated with combined aerosol inhalation of terbutaline, ipratropium bromide and budesonide. The curative effect of the two groups was observed; the remission duration of cough, wheezing, dyspnea and nocturnal wheezing, and the disappearance time of wheezing rales and moist rales were observed in the two groups; the treatment course of intravenous infusion of méthylprednisolone sodium succinate, oxygen inhalation time, sputum suction times and hospitalization time were observed in the two groups; the changes of serum ILA and IL-8 were observed before and after treatment in the two groups ; the adverse drug reactions were observed. [ Results] (i) The total effective rate of the two groups tvas 100% (P >0.05), but the cure rate of the observation group (72.5%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (42.5%) (P <0.01). (ii) The disappearance time of cough, wheezing rales and moist rales and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P <0.01), the remission duration of nocturnal wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the remission duration of wheezing and dyspnea in the control group was slightly longer than that in the control group (P >0.05). (iii) There was no significant difference (P >0.05) in serum ILA and serum IL-8 between the two groups before and after treatment. After treatment, the levels of serum ILA and ÏL-8 in the observation group and the control group were significantly lower than those before treatment in the observation group and the control group. [ Conclusions ] On the basis of comprehensive treatment, the use of Xiao'er Kechuanling Oral Dquid combined with Tulobuterol Patch in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis could reduce the effect of nocturnal wheezing on sleep, reduce the levels of serum ILA and IL-8, and significantly improve adverse symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tryptophan and its derivatives perform a variety of biological functions; however, the role and specific mechanism of many tryptophan derivatives in intestinal inflammation remain largely unclear. Here, we identified that an Escherichia coli strain ( Ec- TMU) isolated from the feces of tinidazole-treated individuals, and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) in its supernatant, decreased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Ec- TMU and ILA contribute to the relief of colitis by inhibiting the production of epithelial CCL2/7, thereby reducing the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ILA downregulates glycolysis, NF-κB, and HIF signaling pathways via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, resulting in decreased CCL2/7 production in epithelial cells. Clinical evidence suggests that the fecal ILA level is negatively correlated with the progression indicator of inflammatory bowel diseases. These results demonstrate that ILA has the potential to regulate intestinal homeostasis by modulating epithelium-macrophage interactions.

Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus species play a role in ameliorating colorectal cancer (CRC) in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that administration of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum L168 and its metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, ameliorated intestinal inflammation, tumor growth, and gut dysbiosis. Mechanistically, we indicated that indole-3-lactic acid accelerated IL12a production in dendritic cells by enhancing H3K27ac binding at the enhancer regions of IL12a that contributed to priming CD8+ T cell immunity against tumor growth. Furthermore, indole-3-lactic acid was found to transcriptionally inhibit Saa3 expression related to cholesterol metabolism of CD8+ T cells through changing chromatin accessibility and subsequent enhancing function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Together, our findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of probiotics-mediated anti-tumor immunity and suggest the potential of L. plantarum L168 and indole-3-lactic acid to develop therapeutic strategies for patients with CRC. [Display omitted] • L. plantarum L168 and its derived ILA ameliorate colorectal tumorigenesis • ILA accelerates IL12a production in DCs to prime anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cells • ILA enhances function of CD8+ T cells through epigenetic mechanisms • ILA inhibits expression of Saa3 in CD8+ T cells to reduce tumor growth of CRC The underlying anti-tumor immune mechanisms for probiotics preventing colorectal cancer remain largely unknown. Zhang et al. report that a strain of probiotics, L. plantarum L168 and its derived metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, ameliorate colorectal tumorigenesis through contributing to anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cell via epigenetic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The JET ICRF ITER-like Antenna (ILA) has been operated at 33, 42 and 47 MHz in 2008–2009 but stopped operation in 2009 due to the failure of one of the tuning capacitors inside the antenna. Tests on a spare capacitor showed that a micro-leak was caused by the cycle wear of a capacitor’s internal bellows. The ILA was reinstated with a new operating scheme minimizing the full stroke requests of the capacitor. This contribution gives an overview of the works undertaken to reinstate the JET ILA up to the first results on plasma. The capacitors were replaced and high voltage tests of the capacitors were performed. An extensive calibration of all the measurements in the RF circuit was carried out. New simulation tools were created and control algorithms were implemented for the – toroidal and poloidal – phase control of the array as well as for the matching of the second stage. New protections are being implemented for the thermal and voltage protection of the capacitors. Low voltage matching tests were performed before the high power commissioning. Finally the first results on plasma are presented, showing that the new controls allow extending the range of the operation to lower (29 MHz) and higher (51 MHz) frequencies than previously achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human mind is a complex biological member with unique abilities. Today, even the most advanced computers cannot do all the brain's calculations in one second. The mind is teachable, and its logic will change based on what it has learned over time. This behavior will be the base of a theory presented in this article, named Incomprehensible but Intelligible-in-time (IbI) Logics. From a mental point of view and according to human knowledge, what it has not learned is a non-logic. However, this may change through time. Meanwhile, the IbI logic is a non-logic that may become an obvious logic in the future. This article has been formed to introduce a side of science to identify IbI logic and organize the mind's scientific idioms. Based on the introduced theory, a new optimization algorithm called IbI Logics Algorithm (ILA) was also presented and compared with some other algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithm in several constrained and unconstrained examples were evaluated. The results showed the acceptable performance and potential of the ILA for optimization goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus species play a role in ameliorating colorectal cancer (CRC) in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that administration of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum L168 and its metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, ameliorated intestinal inflammation, tumor growth, and gut dysbiosis. Mechanistically, we indicated that indole-3-lactic acid accelerated IL12a production in dendritic cells by enhancing H3K27ac binding at the enhancer regions of IL12a that contributed to priming CD8 + T cell immunity against tumor growth. Furthermore, indole-3-lactic acid was found to transcriptionally inhibit Saa3 expression related to cholesterol metabolism of CD8 + T cells through changing chromatin accessibility and subsequent enhancing function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells. Together, our findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of probiotics-mediated anti-tumor immunity and suggest the potential of L. plantarum L168 and indole-3-lactic acid to develop therapeutic strategies for patients with CRC., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bu makalede eşlerin boşanmasıyla ilgili Kur’an hükümleri ele alınarak bunların Hz. Peygamberin sünnetinde ve Müslümanların örfündeki yansımaları izlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Talâk, tefrik, îlâ ve zıhar gibi boşanmayla ilgili kavramlar semantik yöntemle incelenirken; bunların sünnet, örf ve teamüller içerisinde uğradıkları kavramsal değişimler süreç analiziyle yeniden okunmaya çalışılmıştır. Rivayetler ayetlerle karşılaştırılarak nasların zahirî alanı belirlenmeye çalışılmış, yapılan tartışmalar üzerinden içtihatların delillerle ve delillerin gösterdiği hedeflerle uyumu test edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Geleneksel örf ve telakkilerin naslar karşısında oynadığı olumlu ve olumsuz rollere paralel olarak kavram ve telakkilerde meydana gelen istihalelerin izi sürülmüştür. Nasların reel ve ideal önerileriyle örf ve teamüllerin sunduğu veriler birlikte ele alınarak ahlakî ve sosyolojik temele oturan bir İslam hukuk telakkisinin imkânı aranmıştır.