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4. Permafrost-Forest Dynamics

Author

Iijima, Yoshihiro, Fedorov, Alexander N., Canadell, Josep G., Series Editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series Editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series Editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series Editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series Editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series Editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series Editor, Wardle, David A., Series Editor, Ohta, Takeshi, editor, Hiyama, Tetsuya, editor, Iijima, Yoshihiro, editor, Kotani, Ayumi, editor, and Maximov, Trofim C., editor

Published
2019
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11. INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC SYSTEMS FOR OBSERVING THE ATMOSPHERE : An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium

Author

Uttal, Taneil, Starkweather, Sandra, Drummond, James R., Vihma, Timo, Makshtas, Alexander P., Darby, Lisa S., Burkhart, John F., Cox, Christopher J., Schmeisser, Lauren N., Haiden, Thomas, Maturilli, Marion, Shupe, Matthew D., de Boer, Gijs, Saha, Auromeet, Grachev, Andrey A., Crepinsek, Sara M., Bruhwiler, Lori, Goodison, Barry, McArthur, Bruce, Walden, Von P., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Persson, P. Ola G., Lesins, Glen, Laurila, Tuomas, Ogren, John A., Stone, Robert, Long, Charles N., Sharma, Sangeeta, Massling, Andreas, Turner, David D., Stanitski, Diane M., Asmi, Eija, Aurela, Mika, Skov, Henrik, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Virkkula, Aki, Platt, Andrew, Førland, Eirik J., Iijima, Yoshihiro, Nielsen, Ingeborg E., Bergin, Michael H., Candlish, Lauren, Zimov, Nikita S., Zimov, Sergey A., O’Neill, Norman T., Fogal, Pierre F., Kivi, Rigel, Konopleva-Akish, Elena A., Verlinde, Johannes, Kustov, Vasily Y., Vasel, Brian, Ivakhov, Viktor M., Viisanen, Yrjö, and Intrieri, Janet M.

Published
2016

16. Enhanced Arctic moisture transport toward Siberia in autumn revealed by tagged moisture transport model experiment

Author

1000010512270, Sato, Tomonori, 1000090514331, Nakamura, Tetsu, 1000080392934, Iijima, Yoshihiro, 1000030283451, Hiyama, Tetsuya, 1000010512270, Sato, Tomonori, 1000090514331, Nakamura, Tetsu, 1000080392934, Iijima, Yoshihiro, 1000030283451, and Hiyama, Tetsuya

Abstract

Rapid Arctic warming has altered the regional hydrological cycle through reduction in Arctic sea ice. Observational and modeling efforts provided evidence that the enhanced evaporation from the Arctic Ocean could increase snowfall over high latitude terrestrial zones. However, questions remain regarding the amount of equatorward moisture transport and its change over the decadal timescale. Here we show that the transport of atmospheric moisture to Siberia that originated from Arctic Ocean evaporation has increased significantly in autumn to early winter during 1981-2019 when substantial sea ice retreat was observed. The enhanced Arctic moisture content is found in western Siberia in September, consistent with the observed increase in snow cover investigated in earlier studies. Meanwhile, the annual maximum daily amount of Arctic moisture shows a sharp increase in eastern Siberia during October-December associated with cyclonic activities along coastal regions. Our results suggest the importance of monitoring equatorward moisture transport during snow accumulation seasons because it could enhance local snowstorms as evaporation from the Arctic Ocean increases in the near future.

Published
2022

17. Impact of Climate Change on the Ground Thermal Regime in the Lower Lena Region, Arctic Central Siberia.

Author

Konstantinov, Pavel, Basharin, Nikolai, Fedorov, Alexander, Iijima, Yoshihiro, Andreeva, Varvara, Semenov, Valerii, and Vasiliev, Nikolai

Subjects
CLIMATE change, PERMAFROST, EARTH temperature, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, FOOTHILLS
Abstract

This paper presents the results of 30 years of permafrost thermal monitoring in the Tiksi area in the eastern Russian Arctic. At a stone ridge site, the mean annual temperatures in the upper 30 m of the ground have increased by 1–2.4 °C compared to the first years of observations, with trends of °C/yr. At the same time, its change was uneven. In the last 20 years, the rate of increase has increased compared with the first decade of observations. At wet tundra sites in the foothill plain, the mean annual temperatures at the top of permafrost have increased by 2.4–2.6 °C between 2005 and 2022 at rates of 0.11–0.15 °C/yr, and the active layer thicknesses have increased at rates of 0.05–0.41 cm/yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Thermokarst Landscape Development Detected by Multiple-Geospatial Data in Churapcha, Eastern Siberia

Author

Iijima, Yoshihiro, Abe, Takahiro, Saito, Hitoshi, Ulrich, Mathias, Fedorov, Alexander N., Basharin, Nikolay I., Gorokhov, Alexey N., Makarov, Victor S., Iijima, Yoshihiro, Abe, Takahiro, Saito, Hitoshi, Ulrich, Mathias, Fedorov, Alexander N., Basharin, Nikolay I., Gorokhov, Alexey N., and Makarov, Victor S.

Abstract

Thermokarst is a typical process that indicates widespread permafrost degradation in yedoma landscapes. The Lena-Aldan interfluvial area in Central Yakutia in eastern Siberia is now facing extensive landscape changes with surface subsidence due to thermokarst development during the past few decades. To clarify the spatial extent and rate of subsidence, multiple spatial datasets, including GIS and remote sensing observations, were used to analyze the Churapcha rural locality, which has a typical yedoma landscape in Central Yakutia. Land cover classification maps for 1945 and 2009 provide basic information on anthropogenic disturbance to the natural landscape of boreal forest and dry grassland. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data revealed activated surface subsidence of 2 cm/yr in the disturbed area, comprising mainly abandoned agricultural fields. Remote sensing with an unmanned aerial system also provided high-resolution information on polygonal relief formed by thermokarst development at a disused airfield where InSAR analysis exhibited extensive subsidence. It is worth noting that some historically deforested areas have likely recovered to the original landscape without further thermokarst development. Spatial information on historical land-use change is helpful because most areas with thermokarst development correspond to locations where land was used by humans in the past. Going forward, the integrated analysis of geospatial information will be essential for assessing permafrost degradation.

Published
2021

23. Mapping the Main Characteristics of Permafrost on the Basis of a Permafrost-Landscape Map of Yakutia Using GIS

Author

Shestakova, Alyona A., primary, Fedorov, Alexander N., additional, Torgovkin, Yaroslav I., additional, Konstantinov, Pavel Y., additional, Vasyliev, Nikolay F., additional, Kalinicheva, Svetlana V., additional, Samsonova, Vera V., additional, Hiyama, Tetsuya, additional, Iijima, Yoshihiro, additional, Park, Hotaek, additional, Iwahana, Go, additional, and Gorokhov, Alexey N., additional

Published
2021
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30. Development of a 15 kW motor with a fixed YBCO superconducting field winding

Author

Iwakuma, Masataka, Tomioka, Akira, Konno, Masayuki, Hase, Yoshiji, Satou, Toshihiro, Iijima, Yoshihiro, Saitoh, Takashi, Yamada, Yutaka, Izumi, Teruo, and Shiohara, Yuu

Subjects
Electric motors -- Design and construction, Circuit design -- Analysis, Yttrium barium copper oxides -- Electric properties, Yttrium barium copper oxides -- Magnetic properties, Circuit designer, Integrated circuit design, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The design and fabrication of a 15 kW motor with a fixed YBCO superconducting field winding are discussed. Findings reveal that the installed motor showed stable underwater operation and output power of 15 kW-360rpm.

Published
2007

32. Role of microtubules versus myosin heavy chain isoforms in contractile dysfunction of hypertrophied murine cardiocytes

Author

Ishibashi, Yuji, Takahashi, Masaru, Isomatsu, Yukihisa, Qiao, Fei, Iijima, Yoshihiro, Shiraishi, Hirokazu, Simsic, Janet M., Baicu, Catalin F., Robbins, Jeffrey, Zile, Michael R., and Cooper, George, IV

Subjects
Myosin -- Physiological aspects, Hypertrophy -- Physiological aspects, Heart failure -- Physiological aspects, Cytoskeleton -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

In large mammals there is a correlation between microtubule network densification and contractile dysfunction in severe pressure-overload hypertrophy. In small mammals there is a similar correlation for the shift to [beta]-myosin heavy chain (MHC), a MHC isoform having a slower ATPase [V.sub.max.] In this study, murine left ventricular (LV) pressure overload invoked both mechanisms: microtubule network densification and [beta]-MHC expression. Cardiac [beta]-MHC was also augmented without altering tubulin levels by two load-independent means, chemical thyroidectomy and transgenesis. In hypertrophy, contractile function of the LV and its cardiocytes decreased proportionally; microtubule depolymerization restored normal cellular contraction. In hypothyroid mice having a complete shift from [alpha]-MHC to [beta]-MHC, contractile function of the LV and its cardiocytes also decreased, but microtubule depolymerization had no effect on cellular contraction. In transgenic mice having a cardiac [beta]-MHC increase similar to that in hypertrophy, contractile function of the LV and its cardiocytes was normal, and microtubule depolymerization had no effect. Thus, although both mechanisms may cause contractile dysfunction, for the extent of MHC isoform switching seen even in severe murine LV pressure-overload hypertrophy, microtubule network densification appears to have the more important role. left ventricle; heart failure; cytoskeleton; contractile proteins; sarcomeres

Published
2003

36. Implementation of North-eastern Eurasia PMM Terrestrial UNited validation Experiment (NEPTUNE)

Author

GOMBOLUUDEV, Purevjav, OYUNBAATAR, Dambaravjaa, IIJIMA, Yoshihiro, AIDA, Kentaro, ASANUMA, Jun, ISHIKAWA, Mamoru, IWASAKI, Hiroyuki, OHTA, Takeshi, KOTANI, Ayumi, SATO, Tomonori, SHINODA, Masato, SUGIURA, Konosuke, PARK, Hotaek, HIYAMA, Tetsuya, HIRASAWA, Naohiko, KANEKO, Yuki, and HORI, Masahiro

Subjects
Siberia, GPM/DPR, Japan, Snow, Precipitation, Mongolia
Abstract

A core observatory satellite of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) has been launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in February 2014. The satellite can newly observe both liquid and solid precipitation in the high latitude region. Verification of this data is indispensable for improving observation accuracy toward utilization for hydrological cycle and water resource researches in the land area of cold region. This research project “NEPTUNE” aims for comprehensive validation of summer precipitation (rain), winter precipitation (snow fall) and their spatial distribution based on ground truth data obtained by our observation network which we will improve in Northeast Eurasia (Hokkaido, Mongolia and East Siberia), and combining other satellite data analyses. In addition, the project extends to clarify possibilities of GPM data for future applied research using modelling techniques of land surface processes, distributed river runoff, and regional climate., 宇宙航空研究開発機構によって2014 年2 月に打ち上げられた全球降水観測計画（GPM: Global Precipitation Measurement）の主衛星は高緯度地域の降水量が新規に得られる。このデータの検証は，今後の寒冷圏陸域の水循環・水資源研究等への利用促進に向けた観測精度の向上を図るうえで必要不可欠である。本研究プロジェクトでは，観測研究を実施してきた国内外の機関が協働して，北東ユーラシア（主としてモンゴル・東シベリア）で既設の観測システムを改良し，他の衛星データ解析と合わせて，夏季降水（降雨），冬季降水（降積雪）およびそれらの空間分布に関する地上検証を行う。また，今後の応用研究に向けて，陸面モデル・分布型河川流出モデル，メソ気象モデルを利用した，地域規模のGPM 観測データの利用可能性を検討する。

Published
2017

37. [Untitled]

Author

IIJIMA Yoshihiro, SAKAMOTO Tatsuhiko, KIRIMURA Takashi, and KONDO Reisuke

Published
2017

38. The Past, Present and Future of Spasskaya Pad in Eastern Siberia, Russia

Author

OHTA, Takeshi, HIYAMA, Tetsuya, SUGIMOTO, Atsuko, KOTANI, Ayumi, IIJIMA, Yoshihiro, keTEI, Shunsu, and NAGAI, Shin

Abstract

第8回極域科学シンポジウム/横断セッション：[IA] 北極国際連携拠点の新展開12月8日（金）国立極地研究所 2階大会議室The Eighth Symposium on Polar Science/Interdisciplinary sessions: [IA] New insights of overseas research stations in the ArcticFri. 8 Dec./2F Auditorium, National Institute of Polar Research

Published
2017

46. Energy-water budget analysis of an Arctic terrestrial models intercomparison GTMIP

Author

SAITO, Kazuyuki, primary, MORI, Junko, additional, MACHIYA, Hirokazu, additional, MIYAZAKI, Shin, additional, ISE, Takeshi, additional, SUEYOSHI, Tetshuo, additional, YAMAZAKI, Takeshi, additional, IIJIMA, Yoshihiro, additional, IKAWA, Hiroki, additional, ICHII, Kazuhito, additional, ITO, Akihiko, additional, OʼOISHI, Ryouta, additional, OOTA, Takeshi, additional, KATATA, Genki, additional, KOTANI, Ayumi, additional, SASAI, Takahiro, additional, SATO, Atsushi, additional, SATO, Hisashi, additional, SUGIMOTO, Atsuko, additional, SUZUKI, Rikie, additional, TANAKA, Katsunori, additional, NITTA, Tomoko, additional, NIWANO, Masashi, additional, BURKE, Eleanor, additional, PARK, Hotaek, additional, and YAMAGUCHI, Satoru, additional

Published
2018
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48. Reconciliation of top-down and bottom-up CO 2 fluxes in Siberian larch forest

Author

Takata, Kumiko, primary, Patra, Prabir K, additional, Kotani, Ayumi, additional, Mori, Junko, additional, Belikov, Dmitry, additional, Ichii, Kazuhito, additional, Saeki, Tazu, additional, Ohta, Takeshi, additional, Saito, Kazuyuki, additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Ito, Akihiko, additional, Maksyutov, Shamil, additional, Miyazaki, Shin, additional, Burke, Eleanor J, additional, Ganshin, Alexander, additional, Iijima, Yoshihiro, additional, Ise, Takeshi, additional, Machiya, Hirokazu, additional, Maximov, Trofim C, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O’ishi, Ryo’ta, additional, Park, Hotaek, additional, Sasai, Takahiro, additional, Sato, Hisashi, additional, Tei, Shunsuke, additional, Zhuravlev, Ruslan, additional, Machida, Toshinobu, additional, Sugimoto, Atsuko, additional, and Aoki, Shuji, additional

Published
2017
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49. Differences in behavior and distribution of permafrost-related lakes in Central Yakutia and their response to climatic drivers

Author

Ulrich, Mathias, Matthes, Heidrun, Schirrmeister, Lutz, Schütze, Juliane, Park, H., Iijima, Yoshihiro, Fedorov, Alexander N., Ulrich, Mathias, Matthes, Heidrun, Schirrmeister, Lutz, Schütze, Juliane, Park, H., Iijima, Yoshihiro, and Fedorov, Alexander N.

Abstract

The Central Yakutian permafrost landscape is rapidly being modified by land use and global warming, but small-scale thermokarst process variability and hydrological conditions are poorly understood. We analyze lake-area changes and thaw subsidence of young thermokarst lakes on ice-complex deposits (yedoma lakes) in comparison to residual lakes in alas basins during the last 70 years for a local study site and we record regional lake size and distribution on different ice-rich permafrost terraces using satellite and historical airborne imagery. Statistical analysis of climatic and ground-temperature data identified driving factors of yedoma- and alas-lake changes. Overall, lake area is larger today than in 1944 but alas-lake levels have oscillated greatly over 70 years, with a mean alas-lake-radius change rate of 1.663.0 m/yr. Anthropogenic disturbance and forest degradation initiated, and climate forced rapid, continuous yedoma-lake growth. The mean yedoma lake-radius change rate equals 1.261.0 m/yr over the whole observation period. Mean thaw subsidence below yedoma lakes is 6.261.4 cm/yr. Multiple regression analysis suggests that winter precipitation, winter temperature, and active-layer properties are primary controllers of area changes in both lake types; summer weather and permafrost conditions additionally influence yedoma-lake growth rates. The main controlling factors of alas-lake changes are unclear due to larger catchment areas and subsurface hydrological conditions. Increasing thermokarst activity is currently linked to older terraces with higher ground-ice contents, but thermokarst activity will likely stay high and wet conditions will persist within the near future in Central Yakutian alas basins.

Published
2017

50. GRENE-TEA Model Intercomparison Project (GTMIP): Stages 1 & 2

Author

Saito, Kazuyuki, Miyazaki, Shin, Mori, Junko, Machiya, Hirokazu, Yamazaki, Takeshi, Takeshi Ise, Arakida, Hazuki, Burke, Eleanor, Hajima, Tomohiro, Hosaka, Masahiro, Iijima, Yoshihiro, Ichii, Kazuhito, Ikawa, Hiroki, Ikegami, Kanae, Ohta, Takeshi, Park, Hotaek, Sasai, Takahiro, Sato, Atsushi, Sato, Hisashi, Sueyoshi, Tetsuo, Sugimoto, Atsuko, Suzuki, Rikie, Tanaka, Katsunori, Yabuki, Hironori, Yamaguchi, Satoru, and Yoshimura, Kei

Abstract

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木） 国立極地研究所 2階 大会議室

Published
2015

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