Search

Introduction: Children are the nation's next generation; therefore, they need quality children to achieve a good future for the nation. Growth and development experience a rapid increase at an early age, namely from 0-5 years. Objective: This study knows the factors related to toddler development. Method: The research design uses correlational with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was all toddlers, as many as 250 toddlers. The sample of 71 toddlers used the sampling technique of proportionate random sampling. Test data analysis using the chi-square test, continue correction, and alternative Fisher’s exact test. Results: This study showed a significant association between nutritional status (p = 0.04), history of chronic disease (p = 0.01), education (p = 0.04), history of childbirth (p = 0.03), stimulation (p = 0.04) with toddler development and there was no significant relationship between socioeconomic (p = 0.71) and toddler development. Conclusion: there is a relationship between nutritional status, history of chronic disease, education, history of childbirth, and stimulation with toddler development. Health workers should be advised to detect child growth and development early by looking at the history of chronic diseases suffered and stimulating toddlers for optimal development.

The accurate prediction of the onset and withdrawal of the southwest monsoon (SWM) is crucial to the economic and social well-being of the local community whose livelihoods depend strongly on monsoon rains. To date however, there has been a paucity of research into the prediction of SWM timing in east coast Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM) as compared to other monsoon regions. Thus, this study attempts to identify the variability of SWM dates in ECPM and analyze the influence of ENSO on the timing of SWM. Composites of daily 850 hPa zonal winds and outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) during 2000-2020 were analyzed. The SWM onset is identified by the sudden acceleration of southerly winds in mid-May, while the retreating SWM wind is recognized by the steady decrease of westerly winds through September until October. The average date of SWM onset and withdrawal over ECPM was found to be May 23rd and September 27th, respectively. ENSO has a greater influence on the SWM onset than the SWM withdrawal. The study adds to our understanding of the inter-annual variability of SWM start and retreat dates, laying the groundwork for future research into the impact of climate change on the monsoon timing variability in the study area.

This study aims to examine the relationship between mobile augmented reality, promotion-mix elements, destination awareness, and intention to visit halal destinations. By using explanatory research, questionnaires were distributed online (Google form) and offline to tourists visiting Karimunjawa, Indonesia. A total of 110 tourists participated in this study. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-structural equation model. This study found that mobile augmented reality had no positive and significant effect on destination awareness and intention to visit halal destinations. Thus, Augmented reality has not been able to become an important factor in destination awareness and intention to visit halal destinations. Conversely, destination awareness has a positive and significant effect on the intention to visit halal destinations. Then, promotion-mix elements (PME) also have a positive and significant influence on destination awareness and intention to visit halal destinations. This study also found that destination awareness can mediate the relationship between promotion-mix elements and intention to visit halal destinations. Theoretical and empirical implications are also highlighted in this study.

The Head of the Department, also known as a nurse manager, is responsible for monitoring the quality of care, addressing workforce issues, and ensuring effective performance. One of the roles of the Head of the Department is to act as a leader in the Department, controlling and evaluating the implementation of predetermined nursing care, as well as organizing and coordinating all activities in the ward through collaboration with other staff members. This study aims to determine the relationship between the Head of the Department's supervisory function and staff nurses' performance in delivering nursing care. The research design used is descriptive-analytical with a cross-sectional approach, with a sample size of 36 individuals selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection is done using a questionnaire. This study uses the Chi-Square test with Fisher's exact test correction at a significance level of α=0.05. The research findings indicate a significant relationship between the Head of the Department's supervisory function and staff nurses' performance in delivering nursing care (p=0.000). It can be concluded that there is a correlation between the supervisory function of the Head of the Department and the performance of staff nurses in implementing nursing care. Hospital policymakers should further enhance the leadership skills of the Head of the Department through nursing management training.

The Southeast Asian region is home to five countries that are included in the list of the top 10 countries that produce marine debris in the world. Although there are a lot of efforts to handle the situation through the creation of marine debris governance in the region such as the ASEAN Regional Action Plan, not much has changed. This article aims to determine what Is the cause of weak marine debris governance and how it is impacted the increasing environmental insecurity In Southeast Asia based on the concept of policy harmonization and environmental security according to John Barnett's thinking which divides its meaning into three forms, namely changes in the environment, threats to national security, human security, and triggers for conflict. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Researchers found that weak marine debris governance formed as the result of a lack of policy harmonization between countries in the region regarding marine debris pollution and that environmental degradation that ensued had implications for the scarcity of marine resources, which is one of the main economic driving sectors for countries in the region and the possibility to contribute to fisheries conflicts that often occur in the South China Sea, which poses a threat to the national security of the surrounding countries. In addition, this environmental issue also creates human insecurity in the form of economic losses for coastal communities as well as health hazards for the human body.

Since there are inconsistent findings on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, we aim to develop a conceptual model to explain how an entrepreneurial orientation has the potential to enhance business performance. We develop a concept of culinary-gastronomic value advantage as mediation for entrepreneurial orientation to improve business performance effectively. We examine the model by involving 241 owner-managers of micro and small-sized enterprises in the food industry, whose results were analyzed using SEM-AMOS software. This study’s results indicate that the culinary-gastronomic value advantage derived from the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) theory is an acceptable solution as mediation for entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Another important finding is that the entrepreneurial orientation and culinary-gastronomic value advantages are highly dependent on the level of risk consciousness on the competitive pressures that occur in the market. This study brings several theoretical implications to service-dominant logic theory, particularly on value accentuation in the form of culinary-gastronomic value advantage for enhancing performance.

This study aims to analyze the form of morphological errors in student explanatory text based on gender. This research was a multi-case study with a qualitative approach. This study's type of data was written from the explanatory essays of 78 students from three junior high schools in Palu. Data was collected using the listening method obtained from collecting student assignments using reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis in this study used four methods, namely 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation, and 4) conclusion drawing. Presentation of the results of data analysis using informal methods. Based on the study's results, morphological errors were found in the explanatory essays of Grade VIII students. The errors referred to 1) Affixation Errors (13 errors), 2) Reduplication Errors (18 errors), and 3) Compound Errors (6 errors). Both genders made similar mistakes regarding abbreviating morphs and compounding but differ regarding affixation and reduplication. Female students made more affixation errors, specifically omission errors. Meanwhile, male students made more reduplication errors. Morphological errors in students' explanatory essays can serve as a barometer for improving comprehension of good Indonesian. Morphological errors in students' explanatory essays can be a benchmark for increasing understanding of good Indonesian rules.

This study aims to analyze cohesion and coherence in forming the wholeness of the discourse contained in the Radar Sulawesi Barat daily. This research was qualitative. The data was collected using listening and note-taking techniques with several stages: reading, marking, and classifying. The data obtained in this study were written as elements that made up the wholeness of the discourse. The method and technique of data analysis used was the intralingual equivalent method with the comparison technique of equating the main points. Based on the study's results, cohesion and coherence shape the wholeness of discourse in the Radar Sulawesi Barat daily. Discourse cohesion found in this study was a marker of grammatical and lexical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion markers include (1) references, (2) substitutions, and (3) conjunctions. Lexical cohesion markers are repetition; the repetition obtained consists of (1) complete repetition, (2) repetition with changes in form, (3) repetition with changes, (4) repetition with synonym changes, and (5) repetition with hyponyms. In addition to repetition, a marker of lexical cohesion was also found, namely collocation. Furthermore, the element that forms the wholeness of discourse was coherence. This study had a meaning or semantic relationship between elements or sentences in the discourse, which can be used as a strategy for learning Indonesian.

For the past 30 years, an estimated 50 percent of the coral reef population has declined as a result of overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. Such decline risks jeopardizing livelihoods and the capacity for disaster risk reduction, as well as endangering marine biodiversity. With the emergence of free trade and the high mobility of modern ships, trade goods all over the world are increasingly affected by marine pollution. Since 1992, at least 600,000 tons of oil have entered the oceans each year, primarily from normal shipping operations, accidents, and illegal discharges, which contribute to more pollution than does offshore oil and gas exploitation. Recognizing the differentiation of circumstances in each maritime area, current international law, including that in Southeast Asia, regulates the framework of marine environment protection in cooperation with other states and other international organizations. Unfortunately, because the Association of Southeast Asian Nations framework does wield binding power, its declarations have yet to create significant improvements to the region’s marine environment. This paper discusses the urgency to create a new binding regulation within Association of Southeast Asian Nations that would obligate its Member States to actively protect the region’s marine environment.

Sorghum has good adaptability to drought stress conditions, but its early vegetative phase and the generative phase are susceptible to stress. Understanding the physiological response of plants under drought and mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in a plant, mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) will be useful in developing a strategy to deal with drought. Here, a pot experiment was used to explore the growth performance, biomass production and physiological responses of two sorghum accessions (4183A and JP-1) inoculated by the AMF under drought stress, as well as the effect of AMF on soil enzyme and microbial stability. Based on growth observations, the AMF inoculation treatment had not significant effect on increasing the drought resistance of the two sorghum accessions. Drought stress decreased the rate of height increment for 4183A, and JP-1 accessions by 37% and 55%, respectively, compared to normal conditions. Shoot dry weight and root dry weight losses were up to 59% and 66%, respectively, compared to well-watered conditions. However, the interaction of AMF and plants to deal with drought can be captured through physiological response, particularly proline accumulation. AMF inoculation in JP-1 accession reduced proline accumulation (99.91 mM/leaf fresh weight) compared to non-AMF inoculated plants (149.86 mM/leaf fresh weight). It can be implied that mycorrhiza can reduce plant stress. In contrast to accession 4183A, there was an increase in the accumulation of proline in plants inoculated with mycorrhiza under drought conditions. Additionally, AMF inoculation improved acid phosphatase activity in the soil and proved crucial for maintaining the stability of the rhizosphere microorganisms under drought-stressed conditions.

ABSTRACT The rumors of the existence of the Nyadran Tradition in Semanding Hamlet began to decline among the community due to modernization and lack of knowledge about the spiritual meaning implied in it. In fact, this tradition is a hereditary culture that is usually done every year and has a meaning that contains noble values for the residents of Semanding Village. The existence of the rumor, the researcher aims to analyze the background, community participation, and the meaning of the Nyadran Tradition of Semanding Village, Blitar Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative guided by the stages of Miles and Huberman's research. The results showed that the Nyadran procession was motivated by a form of respect for the ancestral spirits of Semanding Village. The whole society actively implements Nyadran as a form of compliance with customary norms by prioritizing tolerance. In addition, the community considers the Nyadran procession to have a symbolic meaning in each procession which symbolizes gratitude to The God. ABSTRAK Adanya rumor eksistensi Tradisi Nyadran di Dusun Semanding mulai menurun dikalangan masyarakat karena adanya modernisasi dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai makna spiritual yang tersirat di dalamnya. Padahal tradisi ini merupakan kebudayaan turun-temurun yang biasa dilakukan setiap tahun dan memiliki makna yang mengandung nilai luhur bagi warga Dusun Semanding. Adanya rumor tersebut peneliti bertujuan melakukan analisis latar belakang, partisipasi masyarakat, dan makna Tradisi Nyadran Dusun Semanding, Kabupaten Blitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan berpedoman pada tahapan penelitian Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prosesi Nyadran dilatar belakangi oleh bentuk penghormatan kepada roh leluhur masyarakat Dusun Semanding. Seluruh masyarakat aktif melaksanakan Nyadran sebagai bentuk kepatuhan norma adat istiadat dengan mengutamakan toleransi. Selain itu, masyarakat menilai prosesi Nyadran memiliki makna simbolik pada setiap prosesinya yang melambangkan rasa syukur kepada Sang Pencipta.

Coffee is a popular Indonesian farmer's plant, coffee products have become a drink that is much favored by all levels of society and has even become a source of foreign exchange earnings from coffee exports. The demand for good coffee for local consumption and even imports continues to increase, the proliferation of shops that provide coffee drinks is increasingly driving the increase in demand for coffee products so that it is necessary to continue to be encouraged by MSMEs that are able to provide coffee products to meet the increasing demand. People's habits and hobbies of consuming coffee encourage a lot of coffee processing businesses to appear. One of the interesting things in Rembang Regency is the habit of consuming slow coffee. Lelet Coffee. et cup Rembang Regency is one of the coffee business actors that has good business development potential. The results of the survey and observations were continued by providing managerial and entrepreneurship training as well as assistance and various facilitation. The PKM team sees that the large business value in Kopi Lelet Cangkir needs to be protected with legal protection, especially brand rights. By having a patent for the Kopi Lelet cup brand, you will be more confident in your business competition so that you will be able to have a competitive advantage and long-term business sustainability.

Halal tourism has recently become an open industry development that attracts scholars to study, analyze, and research. A few systematic reviews were conducted in this area. This study aimed to investigate the existing literature regarding halal tourism development strategies. This study used a systematic literature review and thematic analysis for the data analysis. PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic literature review) was adopted as a guide in this systematic literature review with primary data collected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Based on 25 selected articles, this study identified four main halal tourism development strategies including marketing strategy, customer behavior, halal tourism products and services, and business processes. The current paper systematically reviewed all relevant literature to fill the gaps by analyzing the growing evidence on halal tourism development strategies. The challenges and prospects of halal tourism were also highlighted.

This study examines the meaning and value of the proverbial Bugis dialect of Bone in Koninis Village, Simpang Raya District, Banggai Regency. The purpose of this study was to describe the meanings and values contained in the proverb of the Bugis dialect of bone. The type of research used is a descriptive approach using qualitative methods so that it is easy to understand the data in this study in the form of written words. The research location was conducted in Koninis Village, Banggai Regency. The source of the data used in this study is the results of interviews obtained from informants regarding the Bugis dialect of the Bone dialect. Data collection techniques in this study used interview and recording techniques. Furthermore, the data analysis techniques used in this study were data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The results of this study found that there were 5 types of meaning from 17 data on the proverbial Bugis dialect of bone that had been analyzed, namely; 1) connotative meaning, 2) denotative meaning, 3) proverb meaning, 4) affective meaning, 5) association meaning. Furthermore, it was found that there are 3 types of values contained in the proverb of the Bugis dialect of Bone, namely; 1) values related to human problems with themselves, 2) values related to human problems with God, 3) values related to human problems with fellow humans.

This research aims to describe the form and function of the lecturer's directive speech actions to Class A students in the 2019 batch participating in online learning in pragmatic studies. This research employed descriptive qualitative methods of observable words said by speakers (lecturers) to speech partners (students). The data source was the lecturer's remarks to students during online learning via zoom). The data collection techniques employed listening, note-taking, screen recording, and screenshots. The researcher discovered six types of directive speech acts including (1) a request form; (2) in the form of a lecturer's command; (3) A question; (4) a sort of prohibition; (5) An invitation in the style of Lecturer; and (6) As a demand.. Four directive speech acts functions are (1) competitive (competing) functions; (2) convivial (fun); 3) collaborative function (collaborating); and (4) conflict function (contrary) as the lecturer said: If no one answers who wants to present their work, I will remove them from the zoom room”.

This qualitative research aims to describe the form and the meaning of Pamona Language Reduplication. Data collection techniques were carried out through listening method and conversational method, using the listening-engagement technique, the free-talk listening technique, the documentation technique and the note-taking technique. The research was conducted in Tiu Village, East Pamona District, Poso Regency. The data obtained were in the form of written and oral data obtained through data collection techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through equivalent distribution. The result shows that the form and the meaning of Pamona language reduplication are: (1) Reduplication of all words, (2) Partial reduplication, (3) Reduplication combined with affixes from the results of research that found the meaning of Pamona language reduplication, namely: (1 ) Stating the meaning of each other, (2) Stating the meaning of actions done repeatedly, (3) Stating the meaning of actions that are carried out without purpose, it is casual or it is just for fun.

Tourism industry has occupied a strategic position in the country's economic growth. The factors that trigger the high performance of companies engaged in this industry are very crucial. The purpose of this study is to test the correlation of transformational leadership (TL), political skill (PS), organizational culture (OC), and employee performance (EP), and to investigate the role of OC as a mediation variable. The samples consisted of 110 respondents from Tourism Company in Indonesia. The sample was determined by Slovin formula. The data were collected through questionnaire instruments. The current study employed quantitative method. To test the hypotheses, PLS (Partial Least Square) was applied in analyzing the data. This study found that TL and OC, PS and OC and EP were positive and significance. The mediation test also justified that OC could mediate TL on EP and PS on EP. However, it is also indicated that TL did not affect EP. This study has the important implications for managers such as encouraging high EP in the tourism sector by strengthening OC (such as adaptive, collaborative, flexible, and team oriented), by enhancing the PS (such as understanding others, having high social skill, and increasing an ability to influence others). These findings confirmed and contrasted to the previous studies conducted.

Digital transformation is a new trend in Industrial Era 4.0, leading to a new business pattern called the digital economy exacerbated by the crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, Indonesian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) actors face obstacles in carrying out the business transformation process, as 90% of Indonesian MSMEs are still run conventionally. Therefore, the problem regarding resource unreadiness became the background of this research. This research aimed to find out the following aspects of MSME actors: (1) innovation priority during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) acceptance of e-commerce, (3) levels of technology adoption, (4) difficulty levels in changing and adapting to technology, and (5) digital transformation in developing businesses due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research employed a descriptive-quantitative approach in which the data were collected by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors in several cities in Indonesia. The results showed that (1) marketing innovation is the priority of MSMEs, (2) the majority of MSME actors are very receptive to the e-commerce, (3) the digital technology of e-commerce is major needed in MSMEs, (4) MSME actors find difficulties and obstacles in adaptation process, and (5) the combination of offline and online marketing methods became MSME actors’ choice as a survival strategy during the Covid-19 pandemic.

In recent years, attention to microbial dehalogenase has continually increased due to its potential application, both in bioremediation and in the biosynthesis of fine chemicals. Many microbial recombinant strains carrying dehalogenase gene have been developed, particularly to increase the dehalogenase production and its quality. In this study, we aimed to find the optimum condition for the production of active haloacid dehalogenase by E. coli BL21 (DE3) harboring recombinant plasmid pET-bcfd1 that carried haloacid dehalogenase gene from Bacillus cereus IndB1 local strain. This would be examined by assessing the ability of whole cell life culture to degrade monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and quantifying the chloride ion released into the medium. Several variables were evaluated to find this optimal condition. We found that the best condition for MCA biodegradation using this recombinant clone was at 0.2 mM MCA, 10 μM of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), 6 hours of pre-induction incubation at 37ºC with shaking, 2 hours IPTG induction at 30ºC with shaking, at pH 7 in Luria Bertani (LB) liquid medium without NaCl, which produced about 0.056 mM chloride ions. Inducer concentration, pre-induction incubation time and temperature, as well as induction time and temperature were apparent to be associated with the expression of the protein, while the MCA concentration and the pH of the medium influenced the ability of the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-bcfd1 to grow in toxic environment. Our findings laid the foundation for exploration of dehalogenases from local Bacillus strains through genetic engineering for MCA biodegradation

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a multipurpose food crop that can adapt to climate change. Sorghum productivity can be increased by applying chemical fertilizers and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). This research aimed to assess the effect of AMF application and N and P concentration gradients to support Super 2 and KS sorghum accession growth. The plants were grown in a sterilized zeolite (coarse and fine) and inoculated with Glomus mosseae 40 spores per pot. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 40 treatments and three replications. N and P concentration gradient treatments were carried out using a dose level of fertilizer N (urea) and P (TSP) at 12,5%; 50%; 75%; 100%; and 125%. Analysis of variance was carried out using SAS 9.0 software at a level of 5%, and the results were significantly different, followed by DMRT. The application of AMF and urea 50% and TSP 75% in Super 2 accessions and urea 50% and TSP 50% in KS accessions gave the highest plant height and biomass. However, the increase in sorghum growth did not correlate with root colonization and root length, which could be seen that the highest in both accessions were obtained at urea 12,5% and TSP 12,5%. The application of AMF can significantly lower the use of urea and TSP fertilizers by up to 50% compared to a positive control (urea and TSP 100%) and support sorghum growth in both accessions. Keywords: Glomus mosseae, Konawe Selatan accession, Super 2 accession, TSP, urea

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) manifested from employees’ positive-social behaviors that have been getting popular and beneficial to individuals and organizations, especially in the context of nurses in hospitals who are likely to works beyond the call of duties. The current study attempts to measure the mediation effects of organizational learning culture (OLC) and organizational justice (OJ) in the influence of transformational leadership (TFL) toward OCB among nurses. The current study uses questionnaires distributed to nurses in the public hospital, Tuban, Indonesia. A total of 205 out of 208 responses were collected. Then, partial least squares (PLS) were employed to examine the proposed hypothesis. The results reveal that OLC and OJ are significant predictors to promote OCB. Surprisingly, TFL does not show a significant implication on OCB. In addition, the findings of the current research prove that both OLC and OJ completely mediate the relationship between TFL and OCB. This study also proposes that managers have to encourage learning and create a fair environment in fostering employees to exhibit OCB frequently.

Through the United Nations, the international community is seriously paying attention to the use of seabed areas as regulated by the Law of the Sea Convention 1982, which states that the area and its resources are the common heritage of humankind. The 1994 Agreement has implemented chapter XI. The resources are relating to the state's interests in terms of energy exploration and environmental impact aspects. An increasing need for global electronic products by many countries in which of the components are rare minerals. Various minerals such as manganese, polymetallic nodules, and polymetallic sulphur are lying down in the seabed. However, seabed also had an essential role in keeping the marine ecosystem balanced. On the one hand, the human's need for those minerals also cannot be denied. Draft of regulations by the International Seabed Authority to manage deep-sea mining are still insufficient to prevent irrevocable damage to the marine ecosystem and loss of essentials species for the next. On the other hand, the spirit of Sustainable Development Goals 14 concerns life underwater. This paper examines deep-sea mining science from a legal perspective to protect and preserve seabed for the future generation using normative approach describing norms and principles in the Law of the Sea Convention 1982. As a result, the commercialisation of deep-sea mining violates the principle of the convention. Thus, it needs to encourage ISA to enhance the minimum requirements for all contracting parties in the future.

Abstract Prediction of a precise subsoiling using an analytical model (AM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) was conducted to explain cutting forces and the soil profile induced changes by a subsoiler. Although sensors, AMs and DEM exist, there are still cases of soil structure deformation during deep tillage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a clear understanding of the deep tillage using prediction models. Experimental data obtained in the soil bin trolley with force sensors were used for verification of the models. Experiments were designed using Taguchi method. In the AM, the modified-McKyes and Willat and Willis equations were used to determine cutting forces and soil furrow profile respectively. Calculations were done using MATLAB software. The elastoplastic behavior of soil was incorporated into the DEM. The DEM predicted results with the best regression of 0.984 $$R^{2}$$ R 2 at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 1.936 while the AM had the lowest $$R^{2}$$ R 2 of 0.957, at a $$NRMSE$$ NRMSE of 6.008. All regression results were obtained at p

Technological developments have forced several sectors to adapt to technology, one of which is the tourism sector. Departing from the need for effective and efficient promotional tools in the development and marketing strategies of potential tourism destinations in Indonesia, this study aims to develop a tourism information system (SIPADU) with the concept of mtourism based on android using virtual reality technology. The research and development (R&D) was used as a research method by applying ADDIE model (analysis, design, develop, implementation, and evaluation) in the development process. This study found that SIPADU, in practical terms, is feasible to be used as an effective Android-based promotional media for tourism promotion in Indonesia. In addition, the development of this product can help travelers to obtain tourist information easily and quickly, and can become a medium for sustainable tourism development.

The development and maturity of a person's business is influenced by many factors. Many factors also influence the development of pilot businesses that are started and carried out by students. One of the factors that play an essential role in influencing young entrepreneurs can come from their parents or family environment. This article aims to identify and how the family's role in motivating and developing young entrepreneurs' potential. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. In-depth interviews carried out data collection. The data obtained were then analyzed using interactive analysis techniques, which consisted of 4 stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that entrepreneurial students who had sufficiently developed businesses received much support from their families. Parents' role as a form of support for their children in entrepreneurship is social, instrumental, emotional, and other support. The concrete form of this support is supported in providing facilities for business development, accompanying and assisting the business carried out by their children, giving permission and trust in children. These results can be used as knowledge and input to parents about how they should support children in entrepreneurship. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v6i12021p1

Households in the immediate vicinity of sand, stone and gravel river mining all receive negative externalities, but some of them also benefit from mining activities. Differences in the perceived effects between community groups affect their acceptance of negative externalities. This study decomposes the calculation of the mean willingness to accept (MWTA) negative externalities from river mining activities between two community groups in the Batang Anai River area in the Padang Pariaman Regency, Sumatra, Indonesia: (a) farmers and (b) individuals involved in mining activities. First, the logit model is used to determine the effect of household characteristics on the probability of the community declaring environmental degradation. Next, the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method (DC-CVM) is employed to estimate the residents' willingness to accept (WTA) the minimum value of compensation due to negative externalities from mining activities. We utilise four scenarios to prove the presence of bias if the decomposition is not taken into account in estimating the MWTA. According to estimation results, individuals who are engaged in mining have a 21% lower MWTA value than farmers. Meanwhile, indirectly affected communities who engage in mining have a MWTA value that is 32% lower than that of farmers. The implication of this study is that the decomposition of the MWTA by community groups is important to provide the real value of negative externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job satisfaction has a pivotal role in improving employee performance. It provides enthusiasm and high motivation to employees to increase productivity. On the other hand, to improve employee performance, the organization provides compensation based on established standards and in an environment that is, sometimes, less conducive. This study purposes to examine the mediating role of job satisfaction on compensation, work environment, and employee performance at State Polytechnic colleges in Indonesia. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS) as data analysis. This study found that compensation has no impact on job satisfaction and employee performance. In addition, job satisfaction cannot mediate the compensation and employee performance. However, the work environment positively and significantly affects job satisfaction and employee performance. Job satisfaction has impact on work environment and employee performance. It also influences employee performance positively and significantly. Thus, job satisfaction directly or indirectly can be a mediator for the relationship between work environment and employee performance.

This study aims to analyse the potencies, challenges and strategy to develop organic paddy farming in West Sumatra. The selection of study area used a snowball sampling technique. To get the characteristics, potencies and challenges faced by farmers in the development of organic paddy, the researchers conducted a survey by using simple random sampling. In total, 144 organic farmers were chosen from cities and districts. Based on the results obtained from the survey, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews related to the potencies, challenges and strategies of developing organic paddy in West Sumatra. Those strategies were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results show that organic paddy farming in West Sumatra has the potential to develop despite of the existing of challenges. The potencies of organic farming are discussed in several aspects such as government support, economic, environmental and health benefit. Nevertheless, the main serious problem that often encountered are land ownership, marketing, and quality as well as quantity issues. Moreover, the strategy that can be taken into account is to strengthen the government support and market networth and establish integrated pest control field schools.

We investigated the biocontrol activity of A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP against Alternaria solani causal agent of early blight. Biocontrol activity was tested by the in vivo and ad planta. Biocontrol activity were tested by investigating the antibiosis capabilities with dual culture method, paper dish assay, two-compartment petri dish assay, and trapping and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with GC-MS. Lysis activity was examined by observing the clear zone formed by growing yeast on chitin agar and skim milk agar. The ability of hyperparasitism was assessed by the agar block method, and observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP plays a role in the suppression of early blight disease at 106 cells/ml and 107 cells/ml yeast cell density. The mechanism involved in biocontrol activity is the production of VOCs, the production of chitinase and protease enzymes, the production of siderophore and hyperparasitism. The result shows that A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP was colonizing the tomato leaves following the areole.

Background Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asian countries with high case numbers of COVID-19 with up to 4.2 million confirmed cases by 29 October 2021. Understanding the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for delivering public health intervention as certain variants may have different attributes that can potentially affect their transmissibility, as well as the performance of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Objectives We aimed to investigate the dynamics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants over a 15-month period in Bogor and its surrounding areas in correlation with the first and second wave of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Methods Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from suspected patients from Bogor, Jakarta and Tangerang were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR. RNA samples of those confirmed patients were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the ARTIC Network protocol and sequencer platform from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Results We successfully identified 16 lineages and six clades out of 202 samples (male n = 116, female n = 86). Genome analysis revealed that Indonesian lineage B.1.466.2 dominated during the first wave (n = 48, 23.8%) while Delta variants (AY.23, AY.24, AY.39, AY.42, AY.43 dan AY.79) were dominant during the second wave (n = 53, 26.2%) following the highest number of confirmed cases in Indonesia. In the spike protein gene, S_D614G and S_P681R changes were dominant in both B.1.466.2 and Delta variants, while N439K was only observed in B.1.466.2 (n = 44) and B.1.470 (n = 1). Additionally, the S_T19R, S_E156G, S_F157del, S_R158del, S_L452R, S_T478K, S_D950N and S_V1264L changes were only detected in Delta variants, consistent with those changes being characteristic of Delta variants in general. Conclusions We demonstrated a shift in SARS-CoV-2 variants from the first wave of COVID-19 to Delta variants in the second wave, during which the number of confirmed cases surpassed those in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher proportion of unique mutations detected in Delta variants compared to the first wave variants indicated potential mutational effects on viral transmissibility that correlated with a higher incidence of confirmed cases. Genomic surveillance of circulating variants, especially those with higher transmissibility, should be continuously conducted to rapidly inform decision making and support outbreak preparedness, prevention, and public health response.