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In dialogues with other disciplines, Protestant theologians need to balance the use of non-scriptural but common language with the commitment to scriptural beliefs. Neglecting this would result in unprincipled inclusivism and narrow-minded exclusivism. This paper argues that Herman Bavinck's organic view of revelation has conceptual resources that help theologians avoid those extremes. According to Bavinck's organic motif, theology and other disciplines, as well as their respective sources (special and general revelations), are interrelated by a set of concepts and rules that can be abstracted from reality. These concepts, which consist of what Bavinck and the Reformed Scholastics call common notions and ideas, constitute an informational blueprint that connect all things. Inheriting the Augustinian-Thomist metaphysics, Bavinck sees common notions and ideas (e.g., logic, values, essences) as the deliverances of the divine intellect. For this reason, these abstract objects make up the framework of both cosmos and human reason, and pervasively structure all meaningful discourses. The use of common notions and ideas, therefore, becomes the indispensable condition for interdisciplinary dialogues. Bavinck's view, however, entails the role of theology as the queen of sciences, since theology provides the metaphysicalnarrative basis for the organic unity of all disciplines. In integrating her worldview with other sciences, theology needs the assistance of philosophy, which is a discipline that essentially deals with common notions and ideas. Here we can also find Bavinck's nuanced views of the natures of philosophy and natural theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As emerging donors play a growing role in international development cooperation, attention has turned to understanding their motivations and strategies. While current studies predominantly draw on the role of power, economic interests and values in emerging donors’ development assistance towards the Global South, there has been a lack of attention to the role of domestic ideas and interests in governmental preference formation. How do these domestic factors shape ideational and material interests-driven development policy preferences? Drawing on the case of Mexico under the government of President Calderón, this study analyses bilateral development assistance through a domestic politics lens of international political economy. I argue that while the government's rhetorical stance significantly correlates with dominant societal ideas, domestic interests provide only a limited explanation for development policy choices. This study enriches the literature by revealing the often-hidden domestic roots of value-based and interest-driven development assistance preferences among donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant states that ideas give us the rule for organising experience and ideals serve as archetypes or standards against which one can measure copies. Further, he states that ideas and ideals can be practical. Understanding how precisely these concepts should function presents a challenging and understudied philosophical puzzle. I offer a reconstruction of how ideas and ideals might be practical in order to uphold, to my mind, a conceptually worthy distinction. A practical idea, I argue, is best understood as a reference to the categorical imperative (and its various formulations), which guides conduct directly as a rule. A practical ideal, by contrast, I think is a substrate that serves two functions: one that (a) helps us gauge moral deficiencies and another that (b) reveals the potential for moral improvement. In response to well-grounded sceptical concerns, I argue that ideals are indirectly practical in that they ground the possibility to recognise moral states of affairs and be moral in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine how and why the European Commission's ideas on fiscal policy have changed over the course of the European Semester. Empirically, we rely on a semi-supervised scaling approach to identify economic ideas as they appear in Semester documents from the aftermath of the financial crisis onwards (2011-2022). Our findings demonstrate a gradual shift in ideas from an ordoliberal to a Keynesian direction, especially during the overlapping Von der Leyen and Covid-19 crisis years. We identify substantial country-specific differences throughout 2011–2022, with some countries receiving exclusively Keynesian recommendations, and others distinctively ordoliberal ones. These patterns can be explained in part by economic conditions in those member states but not by the public's trust in the EU. These results underscore the reactive nature of the Commission's economic ideology; crises, as well as member states' economic conditions, shape the direction of its fiscal policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conversation with Quinn Slobodian's Crack-up capitalism, the commentary explores the book's innovative but for the most part implicit methodological and expositional strategy, reflecting on some of the implications for the geographical analysis of ideas and ideation. Ideation certainly matters, but never mechanically or predictably, so the challenging questions concern how to specify, and to assign explanatory weight to, particular ideas in particular situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the euro crisis, politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion of austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap, this article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates in four country cases: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Portugal, from 2014 to 2020. The results show contrasting patterns of "fiscal discipline" frame resilience in national economic discourse in ways consistent with intergovernmental bargaining around the pandemic recovery agenda. Moreover, shared preoccupations relating to investment in the economy, social inequality, and climate change emerge as major threads shaping budget making. These findings suggest an increasingly integrated multi‐level system of economic governance and call for further investigation into the links between ideas shaping EU economic governance and economic discourses in member states. Related Articles: Pi Ferrer, Laia, and Pertti Alasuutari. 2019. "The Spread and Domestication of the Term 'Austerity:' Evidence from the Portuguese and Spanish Parliaments." Politics & Policy 47(6): 1039–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12331. Zamponi, Lorenzo, and Lorenzo Bosi. 2016. "Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse." Politics & Policy 44(3): 400–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12156. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ancient Greece, apart from skeptics and ethicists, practicing philosophy essentially meant engaging science, particularly physics and cosmology. The primary goal of this philosophy-science was to explain nature through three fundamental principles, which Aristotle identified as the material cause, the efficient cause, and the formal cause. Aristotle argued that these principles had been inadequately addressed by his predecessors, with the formal cause often overlooked. While Plato developed all three principles in Timaeus, Aristotle complicated the history of the studies on arche by ignoring Timaeus and claiming that Plato was not a physicist. This article focuses on the evolution of the third principle -the formal cause- within this framework, tracing its evolution from Thales to Plato.

Inevitably, policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province often change. These changes lead to continuous efforts to make improvements. These changes were deemed necessary because the results achieved did not meet the desired expectations. Policies that continue to change cannot be separated from the basic ideas. Ideas will become basic guidelines for developing changes to existing policies. This is the main aim of this research. This research will look at the basic ideas that influence policy changes. This research does not look at the efforts or role of local stakeholders. This research attempts to look at the historical context to see and analyze the basic ideas behind the dynamics of policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province so far. The research results show that the idea of ​​the dynamics of policies to eliminate violence against children in Lampung Province was influenced by the 1989 Convention On The Rights Of The Child agreement.

BACKGROUND: Engaging frontline clinicians and staff in quality improvement is a promising bottom-up approach to transforming primary care practices. This may be especially true in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) and similar safety-net settings where large-scale, top-down transformation efforts are often associated with declining worker morale and increasing burnout. Innovation contests, which decentralize problem-solving, can be used to involve frontline workers in idea generation and selection. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the ideas that frontline clinicians and staff suggested via organizational innovation contests in a national sample of 54 FQHCs. INTERVENTIONS: Innovation contests solicited ideas for improving care from all frontline workers-regardless of professional expertise, job title, and organizational tenure and excluding those in senior management-and offered opportunities to vote on ideas. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,417 frontline workers across all participating FQHCs generated 2,271 improvement opportunities. APPROACHES: We performed a content analysis and organized the ideas into codes (e.g., standardization, workplace perks, new service, staff relationships, community development) and categories (e.g., operations, employees, patients). KEY RESULTS: Ideas from frontline workers in participating FQHCs called attention to standardization (n = 386, 17%), staffing (n = 244, 11%), patient experience (n = 223, 10%), staff training (n = 145, 6%), workplace perks (n = 142, 6%), compensation (n = 101, 5%), new service (n = 92, 4%), management-staff relationships (n = 82, 4%), and others. Voting results suggested that staffing resources, standardization, and patient communication were key issues among workers. CONCLUSIONS: Innovation contests generated numerous ideas for improvement from the frontline. It is likely that the issues described in this study have become even more salient today, as the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating impacts on work environments and health/social needs of patients living in low-resourced communities. Continued work is needed to promote learning and information exchange about opportunities to improve and transform practices between policymakers, managers, and providers and staff at the frontlines.

For decades, policymakers in the U.S. have leveraged accountability policy as a governing tool to lift school performance and close the achievement gap. Accountability become so widespread that it arguably became a "policy paradigm" with the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act in 2002. Yet after just 13 years of implementation, policymakers replaced NCLB with the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which gave states more control over the policy tools and mechanisms to regulate school improvement. This qualitative project captured the evolution of the accountability paradigm by studying the policy ideas and moral narratives of policy elites in California and Tennessee during the transition period between NCLB and ESSA. The study finds that interview participants legitimized the core design features of ESSA, but attached their underlying worldviews and beliefs to the flexible design features, which created unique accountability models with different institutional arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the creative process has focused on how an idea develops within a single focal creative project. But creators often work to develop creative portfolios featuring multiple projects that overlap and intertwine over time. Through an inductive qualitative study of creative workers in independent theater and in architecture, we explore how creators manage ideas across multiple projects when developing creative portfolios. Our emergent model shows how creators shift ideas across projects by stockpiling ideas from one creative project, transforming them into resources, and mobilizing them in their portfolios. Our analysis reveals that these practices unfold in distinct ways across two different processes for managing ideas: managing ideas strategically to build portfolios by realizing stockpiled ideas in new creative products across different opportunities, and managing ideas symbolically to balance creative outputs with new meanings constructed from unrealized ideas that represent the creator's identity and journey. Our findings reveal the critical role of stockpiling in creative work, showing how different ways of stockpiling transform ideas into resources for developing a portfolio. Our portfolio perspective on the creative process informs our understanding of creative portfolios as they develop and evolve as well as the dynamics of creative processes as they unfold across different projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to develop conceptual provisions of human-centered economy by forming a new approach to the study of the creatosphere as a constituent element of the said economic system in order to develop its management. Methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, scheme of contradiction, linear scaling method, minimax normalization. Results: the characteristic of the creatosphere of the human-centered economy is revealed from the viewpoint of satisfying the individual’s needs in creativity; the creatosphere structure is analyzed as an element covering all spheres of the economic system under consideration; the model of homeostasis of the human-centered economy is developed through identifying its elements-opposites (on the one hand – natural and material spheres, services, social sphere, infosphere, digital and cognitive spheres, on the other hand – creatosphere), as well as the model of the basic resource (flow of ideas) and regulator (human needs); the predetermining role of the creatosphere in the development of the said economic system is outlined; the contradictions are revealed at the level of human-centered economy, the resolution of which contributes to the development of an individual and the economic system as a whole. Scientific novelty: it consists in the development of a methodology for assessing the creatosphere and testing it on the Russian subjects. Unlike those available in the literature, the methodology allows comprehensively assessing the creatosphere development as an element that affects the human-centered economy as a whole. The novelty consists also in defining a vector in the creatosphere management based on the formed approach to its research through the upscaling of best regional practices. Practical significance: the results of comprehension of the human-centered economy creatosphere through the scheme of contradictions may serve as a basis for further research in order to build a scientifically sound theory of the said economic system and to form directions for resolving the identified contradictions. The study results are the basis to further define the development level of the Russian human-centered economy in order to develop measures for its effective management.

Teacher professionalism has long been subject to contestation as embedded with certain ideas, norms and values. Transnational discourses on teacher professionalism have spurred the recontextualisation of the idea of teacher assistants in Swedish educational reform. Policy imperatives around increasing teachers’ professional responsibility and accountability have raised issues regarding what values around teacher professionalism ought to be prioritised. The aim of this article is to explore teachers’ values regarding professional responsibility in the compulsory school context based on the interaction with teacher assistants and in light of policy discourses on teacher professionalism. The concept of “discursive space” is utilised to explore juxtaposed values within the local and across national and transnational levels. This concept is based in a combination of discursive institutionalism and curriculum theory with an actor-centred approach around ideas and discourses in an institutional context. The analysis shows dilemmas around holistic aspects and fragmentation regarding professional responsibility, but also, possibilities when “sharing” responsibilities with teacher assistants. Dilemmas emerge around questions on purpose and temporal struggles. Dilemmas emerge regarding professional responsibility against accountability purposes and result-orientation. Re-negotiation of teacher professionalism is spurred by the idea of teacher assistants, and surrounding discourses, creating dilemmas for teachers in the negotiated discursive space.

La comprensión lectura es una habilidad que se desarrolla a partir de un proceso que contiene un gran numero factores, por ello, este estudio se planteó generar un proceso de intervención educativa, para mejorar la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes, a través del significado y función de las ideas principales, las ideas secundarias, el resumen y las palabras clave. Por esta razón se plantearon cuatro propósitos: 1) identificar saberes previos; 2) realizar una clase de carácter informativo; 3) desarrollar una actividad practica; y 4) identificar los aprendizajes y avances obtenidos. Para lo cual se hizo un estudio de carácter cualitativo, con una investigación acción, desarrollando instrumentos como el cuestionario y la observación participante. Los principales resultados son: 1) hay una pequeñas nociones de los conceptos; 2) existe confusión entre las conceptualizaciones de los términos, 3) la intervención generó un porcentaje alto de asertividad en el desarrollo de la actividad. La investigación demostró que el rol y el compromiso del docente con el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante es fundamental para crear escenarios y herramientas que promuevan la lectura y la comprensión de esta, además que son diversos los factores a tener en cuenta para obtener esta habilidad.

Path-dependency theory says that complex systems, such as health systems, are shaped by prior conditions and decisions, and are resistant to change. As a result, major policy changes, such as health system reform, are often only possible in policy windows—moments of transition or contextual crisis that re-balance social power dynamics and enable the consideration of new policy ideas. However, even in policy windows there can be resistance to change. In this paper, we consider the role of ideas in constraining change. We draw on political science theory on the dynamic relationship between foreground ideas (policy programmes and frames) and background ideas (deeply held collective cognitive and normative beliefs) to better understand how ideas exert influence independently of the contextual conditions that give rise to them or the actors that espouse them. To do so, we examine two apparent policy windows in the South African National Health Insurance policy process. The analysis reveals how ideas can become institutionalised in organisations and procedures (such as policy instruments or provider networks), and in intangible cultural norms—becoming hegemonic and uncontested ideas that shape the attitudes and perspectives of policy actors. In this way, ideas operate as independent variables, constraining change across policy windows. While health policy analysts increasingly recognise the influence of ideational variables in policy processes, they tend to conceptualise ideas as tools actors wield to drive change. This analysis reveals the importance of considering ideas (values, norms, and beliefs) as persistent features of the policy-making context that constrain actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the foundational elements that must precede the success of scientific work framed within scientific institutions commonly referred to as research centers. These centers have become essential in modern times due to their contributions to both scientific and social movements and their impact on public policies of states. They function as research laboratories addressing analysis and investigation processes to establish a predictive framework for the future, not only of the social environment but also of the global context in its intellectual and cultural manifestations. Therefore, these emerging institutions are expected to act as safeguards against negative influences on the identity aspects of society by preserving, inspiring, and reviving heritage in ways that allow it to provide qualitative contributions to the present. Today's reality faces challenges of cultural and existential uniformity, driven by globalization, which seeks to standardize the world through a reductive vision imposing its demagoguery worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I construct a simple theoretical model that incorporates the role of ideas and contested persuasion in processes of institutional change, specifically democratization. The model helps reconcile the view that extensions of the franchise in Western Europe tended to occur as a response to the threat of revolution with the view that these occurred based on a change of social values due to the Enlightenment. In particular, the model puts forward the argument that institutional changes become possible once ideological entrepreneurs –the carriers of an alternative worldview– win an ideological contest against the holders of traditional ideas so that the rest of society adopts their worldview, and a revolutionary threat becomes credible. The model shows that the preferences of the ideological entrepreneurs are key. A revolution takes place only if they prefer it to a peaceful transition. Also, the model predicts that actual revolutions occur only when the probability of them being successful is either low or high. Finally, the ideological benefits associated with adhering to a specific ideology affect whether institutional change is peaceful or not. A strong traditional ideology generating large psychological benefits of adhering to the status quo makes it more likely that democratization occurs through revolution. On the contrary, a strong alternative ideology favoring the extension of the franchise makes it more likely that democracy emerges but has an ambiguous effect on the likelihood of a revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing interest in healthy diets has increased demand for fish and seafood, with aquaculture playing a crucial role in meeting this need. Developing new aquaculture products can enhance their commercial value and address consumer demand, but it is unclear which products will be well-received. This study aimed to generate ideas for new products derived from sea bream and prawns, and to gather consumer opinions on these ideas, segmented by gender and age. Two methodologies were used: focus groups and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA). In the focus groups, with two sessions per species and 10 participants each, ideas for aquaculture products were generated and categorized as fresh, dehydrated, fermented, marinated, and canned. The CATA technique, applied to 387 individuals, assessed the acceptability of fresh species, yielding average scores of 6.6 for sea bream and 6.8 for prawns. Sea bream was associated with products like fillets and long-shelf-life loins, while prawns were linked to snacks and toppings. In conclusion, the use of tools like focus groups has shown promising results for developing new aquaculture products. CATA analysis indicated that sea bream should be minimally processed with a long shelf life, and prawns should be processed into dehydrated products. Women preferred traditional products, while men favoured innovative options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent shift in social science research toward philosophies of the more‐than‐human has pushed many scholars to question their understanding of units of analysis and agency. While many engage with agencies of the material, few have attempted to address what might be called the agency of ideas. Here, Alexander Pratt argues that engaging with the agency of ideas is particularly important when dealing with issues like racism, which is the focus of this article. He believes that one reason for the lack of such engagement is the seemingly undefined nature of what we might think of as ideas. In this article, Pratt offers a conception of agential ideas developed through his reading of the metaphysics of Charles S. Peirce and those who have utilized Peirce's theories. This conception will provide an entry point for posthuman researchers to incorporate the protean nature of ideas into their own research methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their volume The American Political Economy, Jacob S. Hacker et al. seek to renew the study of American political economy (APE) through a direct engagement with other areas of political science, including and especially comparative political economy (CPE). In the introduction of their volume, they lay out the foundations of APE as both a field of research and an approach to American politics that seeks to contribute to the study of the United States as well as to the broader discipline of political science. In this review essay, I will discuss the APE as an intellectual project to stress its key assumptions and its potential contribution to the study of politics and public policy, in the United States and beyond. Then, I will discuss two key issues that, while not explicitly central to APE as developed in The American Political Economy, could help enrich this novel approach. These two issues are policy feedback, a concept already prominent in the institutionalist tradition APE draws on, and the role of ideas in politics, which in recent decades has gained more currency in the study of politics, public policy and CPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journey of novelty – from the moment it arises to the time it takes hold – is often a difficult one. Life outside the mainstream is harsh, and social objects (e.g. ideas, products, technologies, or organisational forms) that lie off the beaten path tend to be overlooked. In this special issue, we bring together research which deepens our understanding of how novelty and new ideas get recognised, evaluated, and selected. The different articles and essays in this special issue not only shed fresh light on the underlying mechanisms that govern how the new surfaces, takes root, and propagates but also push our scholarly thinking in new and exciting research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wassily Leontief met with decades of success for the development of input-output analysis, and yet he remained a staunch critic of the economics profession throughout his life. To understand his success, its limits, and the origins of his discontent, this article separates the scientific activities of input-output from the system of belief built around it, and from the institutions set up to advance Leontief's research program. This leads to considering the interaction of input-output with other research programs through three poles: the scientific debate, the collision of belief systems about the world, and an institutional fight for funds and researchers. The end result is a picture of how Leontief managed to build a successful research program in which scientific inquiry led to beliefs about the world that were able to justify building institutions promoting input-output, in an environment of competition and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article emphasizes on the importance of skill-based training and multidisciplinary approach in the technical education. To ascertain the effectiveness of such concepts, the activities and projects carried out in IDEA (Idea, Development, Evaluation and Application) Lab established under AICTE-IDEA Lab Scheme are focused and discussed in this paper. After undergoing an experiential handson training on the machines and software's available, as the resources of IDEA Lab, eight interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary engineering projects were completed by the students under the facilitation of faculties called Technical Gurus. The methodology involved in carrying out two such projects are discussed in detail whilst the other projects are listed. From the accomplished projects, it is observed that the training imparted in IDEA Lab and the experiential learning certainly enhanced the acquisition of multidisciplinary skills in the students, which are essential in converting the Ideas into Prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of European Union security and external economic policies to explore the different trajectories of strategic autonomy (SA) in these two domains. In so doing, it contributes to a better understanding of endogenous drivers of policy change in response to geopoliticising pressures. Drawing on discursive institutionalism, it analyses three dimensions of ideational power: power in, power through and power over. The evidence, based on documentary analysis and interviews, demonstrates that though SA presented a more significant challenge to pre‐established paradigms in external economic relations, the role of the Commission as an ideational entrepreneur, supported by its coercive power, facilitated the adoption of the idea of (open) SA. Conversely, French President Emmanuel Macron was unable to persuade others of the adoption of a sovereigntist conception of SA in security, with the exception of defence industrial policy, where the Commission enjoys budgetary power and competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explain the output growth across countries as an effect of intellectual capital growth. Defining intellectual capital as an integral of all the various intangibles, it argued to resolve the conceptual complexities and empirical inconsistencies. For this, the study defined the flow of new ideas as a function of change in intellectual capital level. Thus, it developed a model in which broad ideas predetermine the quality of capital and labor necessary for final goods production. The model was estimated using dynamic common correlated effect estimators for a panel of 29 countries from all income levels and geographic regions from 1990 to 2020. The results show a positive and significant contribution of national intellectual capital to economic growth. Hence, policymakers must enhance innovation in all spaces and phases of learning.

The article attempts to actualize the issue of memory in general, and national memory in particular, in the conditions of a full-scale war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The expediency of this study is connected with the existence of disagreements in public consciousness about the „historical past of the nation”, as well as with the need to preserve national memory. In the context of a full-scale war, a new national memory is being formed, which will become the base/foundation of the postwar Ukrainian national identity. It is shown that the construction of a national memory policy is the process of forming and reproducing a common memory in society, which includes the creation of common ideas, symbols, narratives and important meanings that unite the nation and its history, and is an element of national identity formation. The article pays special attention to the analysis of contemporary scientific research on the politics of memory, which raises the issues of „wars of memory”; conflicts of historical versions of memory; the problem of the relationship between memory and history; historical amnesia; local memory; history as an instrument of the state; oblivion as a mechanism of power; the extermination of important historical facts; aspects of the construction of memory policy; laws of memory; commemoration; displacement of memory; mythologizing the past, and others. The article analyzes the contradictions that arise in the construction of national memory. The point is that there may be contradictions between different narratives of the nation's past within the state, between personal and national memory, and between the national memory of different states. The construction of national memory can be accompanied by ignoring or appropriating facts, simplifying the complexity of national histories, selectivity, and the use of „forgetting”. Mythology and idealization of the past, as well as the absolutization of the category „historical truth” harm the unbiased consideration of history and carry the risk of provoking conflicts. It is proved that оnly an understanding of these contradictions, an attempt to reconcile them, and an awareness of history as an important factor in shaping the present and future of society and human beings will allow us to take a responsible approach to building a national memory policy.

In the Nordic context, transnational discourses influence recontextualisation of ideas and discourses, and thus, how local actors negotiate around values imbued with ideas and discourses. In Sweden, the idea of teacher assistants has been prompted – through policy discourses on teacher professionalism – under imperatives of reducing teachers’ workload and increasing professional responsibility and accountability. The aim of this article is to explore teacher assistants’ values regarding roles and responsibilities in relation to teachers and education in light of policy discourses on teacher professionalism. Drawing on discursive institutionalism and curriculum theory, the concept of ‘discursive space’ is utilized to explore values in an institutional context. Based on twelve interviews with teacher assistants in compulsory schools, the analysis shows how a reductionist notion of teaching gives rise to dilemmas around being teachers’ ‘alter ego’ when values around teaching as ‘core’ are prioritized. Dilemmas around local pluralization emerge when teacher assistants are viewed as a ‘solution’ to a plethora of issues. Challenges emerge in the context of ambiguity around teacher assistants’ orientation towards teaching or processes ‘surrounding’ teaching. The analysis illustrates conditioned values highlighting dilemmas and challenges, but also possibilities for discursive action. Altogether, a re-negotiation of teacher professionalism emerges in the discursive space.

This article examines the state, future configuration and ways of managing the international order, as well as Latin America’s place in that order, to understand where it is now and reflect on what it might be like and how it might develop in the future. To do so, we employ the notion of “non-hegemonic order”, which has no start date because it stems from a combination of processes of varying duration and effects. We argue that the order taking shape will have two main fault lines: a breach between two opposing and different Norths – North 1 and North 2 – and another breach between the two Norths and a Global South diverse in resources and power configurations, of which Latin America forms part (with its own specificities). We address the singular position of the Latin American region which in a bid to consolidate its autonomy maintains a complex triangular Latin America-United States-China dynamic.

This article explores the soul's capacity to see God. This is the process by which a human subject can apprehend and define the nature of God on a philosophical and theological level. Two conceptually very close philosophers, Plato and Dionysius the Areopagite (pseudo-Dionysius), highlighted this metaphysical function. The article will look into light as a concept of the mind and an expression of God's nature. For Plato, God is the visible light, whereas for Areopagite, it is the invisible light. At the conceptual level, "God" will eventually combine the Platonic (Form of) Good(ness), or the "Good", with the Christian God, perceived and defined as Goodness, beauty, perfection, and virtue. In attempting to know God, the soul follows an ascending or descending path, and the concept of negation will play a crucial role in this metaphysical and theological function. It will eventually be shown that the Good is the essence of God and, at the same time, what defines his unique singularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the Historical Institutionalism literature on stability and change by unpacking how an institution has persisted for more than 70 years despite substantial contextual changes. The overall stability of the institution comes both through changes in policy instruments and their settings, and through the incorporation of differing, but aligned rationales. Ideational multidimensionality yields stability by providing leeway to recondition the institution in response to changing circumstances. This allows for different interests in the coalition to stimulate overall institutional stability by supporting incremental changes in policy instruments whilst avoiding institutional exhaustion and third order changes. This shows that policies initiated under a certain set of circumstances may be better equipped to persist when circumstances change if they are able to incorporate differing, but aligned, rationales and to respond to upcoming issues through policy instrument changes. The theoretical arguments are exemplified through a case study analysis of Norwegian agricultural policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there empirical evidence for a liberal paradigm that informs South American immigration governance? And how does this paradigm relate to other ideas on managing immigration? Based on Pécoud's (2020) categorization of immigration governance philosophies, and the content analysis of all final declarations of the South American Conference on Migration between 2000 and 2022, we confirm a dominant liberal paradigm in the region. We further find that in South America, Pécoud's global rights-based philosophy operates as a hinge between three other philosophies: the free (non) governance of migration, anti-migrant governance, and managerial/development global migration governance philosophy. Through our analysis, we demonstrate the applicability of Pécoud's (2020) immigration governance philosophies to a major immigrant receiving region in the Global South, and contribute to the ideational literature by showing how paradigms and philosophies represent ideational building blocks that can be combined, merged, and adapted by political actors to different regional contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Korean War, major powers such as the United States, Soviet Union, and China were solely driven by their own security interests. Consequently, their policies towards the crisis prioritized their own security and power maximization, leading to their alignment with one side and intensifying the conflict. While the United States sided with the South, China and the Soviet Union sided with the North. In contrast, India took a unique approach during the Korean War. India, which was heavily involved in the crisis as a proactive peacemaker, adopted a stance based on morality, neutrality, and favorability towards the Korean people. This approach was very different from the major powers who were focused on their security and power interests. The question that arises is: why did India take a different stance than other major powers? What explains India’s role as a peacemaker that focused on morality and neutrality in the Korean War when other major powers were focused on power and security maximization? To answer these questions, I draw on the existing literature that suggests the ideas generated domestically can profoundly impact foreign policy. Based on this, I argue that India’s active role in seeking peace during the Korean War and its unique approach to resolving the Korean crisis was largely influenced by principled ideas such as non-interference, neutrality, rejection of power politics, and Asian unity rooted in its historical experience during the independence movement. To evaluate my argument, I employ four case studies related to India’s involvement in the Korean War and demonstrate how the principled ideas discussed above influenced India’s active but neutral and unbiased peacemaking role in resolving the Korean question at a time when major powers’ security maximization actions were intensifying the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article defends that according to Descartes there are two kinds of sensorial perception. One that operates on impulse, confusing properties of the physical things with our ideas of them; and another one that proceeds by deduction and distinguishes between those properties of physical things that have an adequate representation in our ideas and the properties that do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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