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1. Spin-orbit torque switching in 2D ferromagnet / topological insulator heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Author: Guillet, Thomas, Galcera, Regina V., Sierra, Juan F., Costache, Marius V., Jamet, Matthieu, Bonell, Frédéric, Valenzuela, Sergio O., ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-20-CE24-0015,ELMAX,Contrôle électrique de l'aimantation dans les hétérostructures van der Waals épitaxiées(2020), ANR-21-GRF1-0005,MNEMOSYN,Mémoires magnétiques 2D: croissance large-échelle et opération électrique hybride(2021), European Project: 881603,H2020,H2020-SGA-FET-GRAPHENE-2019, GrapheneCore3(2020), European Project: 840588,GRISOTO, and European Project: 754510,PROBIST
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: Topological insulators (TIs) are a promising class of materials for manipulating the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnet (FM) through the spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanism. However, current studies combining TIs with conventional FMs present large device-to-device variations, resulting in a broad distribution of SOT magnitudes. It has been identified that the interfacial quality between the TI and the FM is of utmost importance in determining the nature and efficiency of the SOT. To optimize the SOT magnitude and enable ultra-low-power magnetization switching, an atomically smooth interface is necessary. To this end, we have developed the growth of a full van der Waals FM/TI heterostructure by molecular beam epitaxy. The compensated TI (Bi0.4Sb0.6)2Te3 and ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) were chosen because of their exceptional crystalline quality, low carrier concentration in BST and relatively large Curie temperature and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FGT. We characterized the magnitude of the SOTs by using thorough harmonic magnetotransport measurements and showed that the magnetization of an ultrathin FGT film could be switched with a current density Jc < 10^10 A/m^2. In comparison to previous studies utilizing traditional FMs, our findings are highly reliable, displaying little to no variation between devices.
Published: 2023
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2. Artificial Graphene Spin Polarized Electrode for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Author: Victor Zatko, Regina Galceran, Marta Galbiati, Julian Peiro, Florian Godel, Lisa-Marie Kern, David Perconte, Fatima Ibrahim, Ali Hallal, Mairbek Chshiev, Benjamin Martinez, Carlos Frontera, Lluìs Balcells, Piran R. Kidambi, John Robertson, Stephan Hofmann, Sophie Collin, Frédéric Petroff, Marie-Blandine Martin, Bruno Dlubak, Pierre Seneor, Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES [France]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Vanderbilt University [Nashville], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), ANR-19-CE09-0028,MIXES,Hétérostructures de van der Waals à dimensions mixtes pour l'électronique et la spintronique(2019), ANR-19-CE24-0015,STEM2D,Emetteurs THz de type synchrotron à base de matériaux 2D ondulés(2019), European Commission, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Zatko, Victor, Godel, Florian, Kern, Lisa-Marie, Chshiev, Mairbek, Frontera, Carlos, Kidambi, Piran R., Hofmann, Stephan, and Dlubak, Bruno
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering, graphene, General Materials Science, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, proximity effects, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Condensed Matter Physics, 2D materials, spin polarization
Abstract: 2D materials offer the ability to expose their electronic structure to manipulations by a proximity effect. This could be harnessed to craft properties of 2D interfaces and van der Waals heterostructures in devices and quantum materials. We explore the possibility to create an artificial spin polarized electrode from graphene through proximity interaction with a ferromagnetic insulator to be used in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Ferromagnetic insulator/graphene artificial electrodes were fabricated and integrated in MTJs based on spin analyzers. Evidence of the emergence of spin polarization in proximitized graphene layers was observed through the occurrence of tunnel magnetoresistance. We deduced a spin dependent splitting of graphene's Dirac band structure (∼15 meV) induced by the proximity effect, potentially leading to full spin polarization and opening the way to gating. The extracted spin signals illustrate the potential of 2D quantum materials based on proximity effects to craft spintronics functionalities, from vertical MTJs memory cells to logic circuits., This work has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies “Graphene Flagship” (Grant Core3 No. 881603), “SINFONIA” (No. 881603) projects and a Grant Agreement Marie Skłodowska Curie “ITN Spinograph” (No. 697904), as well as from EPSRC (EP/P005152/1, EP/K016636/1). This research is supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program Labex NanoSaclay (ANR-10-LABX-0035), as well as grants STEM2D (ANR-19-CE24-0015), MIXES (ANR-19-CE09-0028), and by the Flag-ERA JTC 2019 project “SOGraphMEM” (ANR-19-GRFI-0001-07). This work has also received fundings from the “Spanish ministry of Science and Innovation” through “Severo Ochoa” (CEX2019-000917-S) and “OXISOT” (PID2021-128410OB-I00)., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).
Published: 2022

3. From Binary to Ternary Transition-Metal Nitrides: A Boost toward Nitrogen Magneto-Ionics

Author: Zhengwei Tan, Sofia Martins, Michael Escobar, Julius de Rojas, Fatima Ibrahim, Mairbek Chshiev, Alberto Quintana, Aitor Lopeandia, José L. Costa-Krämer, Enric Menéndez, Jordi Sort, Département de physique [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, KU Leuven, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Rojas, Julius de, Chshiev, Mairbek, Quintana, Alberto, Menéndez, Enric, Sort, Jordi, Rojas, Julius de [0000-0002-1206-4744], Chshiev, Mairbek [0000-0001-9232-7622], Quintana, Alberto [0000-0002-9813-735X], Menéndez, Enric [0000-0003-3809-2863], and Sort, Jordi [0000-0003-1213-3639]
Subjects: Magnetoelectricity, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Ion diffusion, General Materials Science, Voltage control of magnetism (VCM), Magneto-ionics, Transition metal nitride
Abstract: Magneto-ionics is an emerging actuation mechanism to control the magnetic properties of materials via voltage-driven ion motion. This effect largely relies on the strength and penetration of the induced electric field into the target material, the amount of generated ion transport pathways, and the ionic mobility inside the magnetic media. Optimizing all these factors in a simple way is a huge challenge, although highly desirable for technological applications. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of suitable transition-metal elements to binary nitride compounds can drastically boost magneto-ionics. More specifically, we show that the attained magneto-ionic effects in CoN films (i.e., saturation magnetization, toggling speeds, and cyclability) can be drastically enhanced through 10% substitution of Co by Mn in the thin-film composition. Incorporation of Mn leads to transformation from nanocrystalline into amorphous-like structures, as well as from metallic to semiconducting behaviors, resulting in an increase of N-ion transport channels. Ab initio calculations reveal a lower energy barrier for CoMn-N compared to Co-N that provides a fundamental understanding of the crucial role of Mn addition in the voltage-driven magnetic effects. These results constitute an important step forward toward enhanced voltage control of magnetism via electric field-driven ion motion., Financial support by the European Research Council (MAGIC-SWITCH 2019-Proof of Concept Grant, agreement no 875018; REMINDS 2021-ERC-Advanced Grant, agreement no 101054687), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (European Training Network, ETN/ITN Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant no 861145; and Integrated Infrastructure, RADIATE, grant no 824096), the Spanish Government (PID2020-116844RB-C21 and PDC2021-121276-C31), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-292), and the KU Leuven (BOF program) is acknowledged. We acknowledge the technical support from the MiNa Laboratory at IMN in Madrid, who received funding from the CM (project S2018/NMT-4291 TEC2SPACE), MINECO (project CSIC13-4E-1794), and EU (FEDER, FSE). A.Q. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (FUNFUTURE CEX2019-000917-S) and the “Juan de la Cierva─Formación” contract (FJC2019-039780-I). J.S. thanks the Spanish “Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre” (FNMT) for fruitful discussions. E.M. is a Serra Húnter Fellow., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).
Published: 2022

4. Two-dimensional materials prospects for non-volatile spintronic memories

Author: Hyunsoo Yang, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Mairbek Chshiev, Sébastien Couet, Bernard Dieny, Bruno Dlubak, Albert Fert, Kevin Garello, Matthieu Jamet, Dae-Eun Jeong, Kangho Lee, Taeyoung Lee, Marie-Blandine Martin, Gouri Sankar Kar, Pierre Sénéor, Hyeon-Jin Shin, Stephan Roche, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), IMEC (IMEC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES [France]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Samsung Electronics [Korea], GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte Ltd., Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung, ANR-18-CE24-0007,MAGICVALLEY,Polarisation de vallée induite par couplage d'échange magnétique dans les matériaux 2D à grande échelle(2018), European Project: 881603,H2020,H2020-SGA-FET-GRAPHENE-2019, GrapheneCore3(2020), European Project: 306652,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPINBOUND(2013), European Project: 669204,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,MAGICAL(2015), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Research Foundation Singapore, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Magnetic devices, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Electrical and electronic engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: Non-volatile magnetic random-access memories (MRAMs), such as spin-transfer torque MRAM and next-generation spin–orbit torque MRAM, are emerging as key to enabling low-power technologies, which are expected to spread over large markets from embedded memories to the Internet of Things. Concurrently, the development and performances of devices based on two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures bring ultracompact multilayer compounds with unprecedented material-engineering capabilities. Here we provide an overview of the current developments and challenges in regard to MRAM, and then outline the opportunities that can arise by incorporating two-dimensional material technologies. We highlight the fundamental properties of atomically smooth interfaces, the reduced material intermixing, the crystal symmetries and the proximity effects as the key drivers for possible disruptive improvements for MRAM at advanced technology nodes., M.C., S.C., B.D., A.F., K.G., M.-B. M., P.S., S.O.V. and S.R. acknowledge the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme for grant number 881603 (Graphene Flagship). The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme, funded by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, grant number SEV-2017-0706). S.O.V. thanks the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreements 306652 SPINBOUND and 899896 SOTMEM, and the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111773RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). H.Y. is supported by SpOT-LITE programme (A*STAR grant, A18A6b0057) through RIE2020 funds, Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) Tier 2 (R-263-000-E29-112), National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore Investigatorship (NRFI06-2020-0015) and Samsung Electronics’ University R&D programme. S.C. and G.S.K. acknowledge IMEC’s Industrial Affiliation Program on MRAM devices. M.C. and M.J. acknowledge the French National Research Agency through the MAGICVALLEY project (ANR-18-CE24-0007). B. Dieny acknowledges ERC MAGICAL 669204. M.C. acknowledges H. X. Yang, A. Hallal and F. Ibrahim. P.S. and B. Dlubak acknowledge the French National Research Agency through the SoGraphMem project (ANR-18-CE24-0007).
Published: 2022

5. Low-Frequency Noise Parameter Extraction Method for Single-Layer Graphene FETs

Author: Henri Happy, Jose A. Garrido, Nathan Schaefer, Emiliano Pallecchi, David Jiménez, Andrea Bonaccini Calia, D. Vignaud, Wei Wei, Nikolaos Mavredakis, Ramon Garcia Cortadella, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Carbon - IEMN (CARBON - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), EPItaxie et PHYsique des hétérostructures - IEMN (EPIPHY - IEMN), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), This work was supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant GrapheneCore2 785219 (Graphene Flagship), in part by Marie Skłodowska-Curie under Grant 665919 and Grant 732032 (BrainCom), in part by the Spanish Government under Project TEC2015-67462-C2-1-R, Project RTI2018-097876-B-C21 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), and Project 001-P-001702 (RIS3CAT), and in part by the French RENATECH network. The ICN2was supported by the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program funded by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), under Grant SEV-2017-0706, Renatech Network, European Project: 785219,H2020,GrapheneCore2(2018), and Carbon-IEMN (CARBON-IEMN)
Subjects: Infrasound, FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Parameter extraction, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Omega, law.invention, Graphene transistor, Low-frequency noise, law, Compact model, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, parameter extraction, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Velocity saturation, Transistor, Contact resistance, Physics - Applied Physics, low-frequency noise (LFN), graphene transistor (GFET), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, single layer (SL), Single layer, Voltage
Abstract: In this article, a detailed parameter extraction methodology is proposed for low-frequency noise (LFN) in single-layer (SL) graphene transistors (GFETs) based on a recently established compact LFN model. The drain current and LFN of two short channel back-gated GFETs ( ${L} = {300}$ and 100 nm) were measured at lower and higher drain voltages, for a wide range of gate voltages covering the region away from charge neutrality point (CNP) up to CNP at p-type operation region. Current–voltage ( IV ) and LFN data were also available from a long-channel SL top solution-gated (SG) GFET ( ${L} = {5}\,\,\mu \text{m}$ ), for both p- and n-type regions near and away CNP. At each of these regimes, the appropriate IV and LFN parameters can be accurately extracted. Regarding LFN, mobility fluctuation effect is dominant at CNP, and from there, the Hooge parameter $\alpha _{H}$ can be extracted, whereas the carrier number fluctuation contribution which is responsible for the well-known M-shape bias dependence of output noise divided by squared drain current, also observed in our data, makes possible the extraction of the ${N}_{T}$ parameter related to the number of traps. In the less possible case of a $\Lambda $ -shape trend, ${N}_{T}$ and $\alpha _{H}$ can be extracted simultaneously from the region near CNP. Away from CNP, contact resistance can have a significant contribution to LFN, and from there, the relevant parameter ${S}_{\Delta {R}}^{{2}}$ is defined. The LFN parameters described above can be estimated from the low drain voltage region of operation where the effect of velocity saturation (VS) mechanism is negligible. VS effect results in the reduction of LFN at higher drain voltages, and from there, the IV parameter $h\Omega $ which represents the phonon energy and is related to VS effect can be derived both from drain current and LFN data.
Published: 2020

6. Optical phase modulation by natural eye movements: application to time-domain FF-OCT image retrieval

Author: Viacheslav Mazlin, Peng Xiao, Kristina Irsch, Jules Scholler, Kassandra Groux, Kate Grieve, Mathias Fink, A. Claude Boccara, Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images (UMR7587) (IL), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: genetic structures, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, FOS: Physical sciences, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), sense organs, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Physics - Medical Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Article, eye diseases, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Eye movements are commonly seen as an obstacle to high-resolution ophthalmic imaging. In this context we study the natural axial movements of the in vivo human eye and show that they can be used to modulate the optical phase and retrieve tomographic images via time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (TD-FF-OCT). This approach opens a path to a simplified ophthalmic TD-FF-OCT device, operating without the usual piezo motor-camera synchronization. The device demonstrates in vivo human corneal images under the different image retrieval schemes (2-phase and 4-phase) and different exposure times (3.5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms). Data on eye movements, acquired with a spectral-domain OCT with axial eye tracking (180 B-scans/s), are used to study the influence of ocular motion on the probability of capturing high-signal tomographic images without phase washout. The optimal combinations of camera acquisition speed and amplitude of piezo modulation are proposed and discussed.
Published: 2022

7. Passivation of Bi2Te3 topological insulator by transferred CVD-graphene : toward intermixing-free interfaces

Author: Regina Galceran, Frédéric Bonell, Lorenzo Camosi, Guillaume Sauthier, Zewdu M. Gebeyehu, Maria José Esplandiu, Aloïs Arrighi, Iván Fernández Aguirre, Adriana I. Figueroa, Juan F. Sierra, Sergio O. Valenzuela, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Project: 840588,GRISOTO, European Project: 881603,H2020,H2020-SGA-FET-GRAPHENE-2019, GrapheneCore3(2020), European Project: 713673,INPhINIT, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, and La Caixa
Subjects: Graphene−topological insulator interface, Passivation, Intermixing, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Bi2Te3, XPS, intermixing, passivation, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], graphene−topological insulator interface
Abstract: The investigation, and ultimate application, of topological insulators, typically involve exposure to ambient conditions or their integration with metals, which lead to surface oxidation or material intermixing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements that demonstrate passivated and intermixing-free interfaces in the topological insulator BiTe by means of dry-transferred CVD graphene are reported. After air exposure, no traces of BiTe oxidation are found. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that graphene acts as a very efficient metal and chalcogen diffusion barrier in BiTe/graphene/permalloy (Py) heterostructures, which are relevant for spintronics. Such results are in stark contrast with the significant surface degradation observed in bare BiTe under ambient conditions and the deep Bi-Te bonding disruption that occurs in BiTe/Py heterostructures. These findings provide a new approach to control and engineer topological insulator interfaces for spintronic applications and a new platform to investigate the combined use of graphene and topological insulator Dirac states., The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI), Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) under contract no. PID2019-111773RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PGC2018-095032-B-100, and SEV-2017-0706 Severo Ochoa, and by PCI2021-122035-2A funded by MICIN and by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR, and of the European Union's Horizon 2020 under grant agreement 881603 (Graphene Flagship). R.G. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 840588 (GRISOTO) and I.F.A from a fellowship from la Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434) with code LCF/BQ/DI18/11660030 and of H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713673. J.F.S acknowledges support from MINECO under contract RYC2019-028368-I/AEI/10.13039/50110001103.
Published: 2022

8. Comparison of Brillouin light scattering and density of states in a supported layer : analytical and experimental study

Author: Ossama El Abouti, John Cuffe, El Houssaine El Boudouti, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, Emigdio Chavez-Angel, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Francesc Alzina, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Université Mohammed Premier [Oujda], Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and ICN2 is funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706). F.A., E.C.-A. and C.M.S.T. acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINN project SIP (PGC2018-101743-B-I00).
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Brillouin light scattering, General Chemical Engineering, Green’s functio, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, General Materials Science, Density of states, Supported layer, Green’s function, Green's function, Condensed Matter Physics, density of states, supported layer
Abstract: We provide a detailed analytical calculation of the Brillouin light scattering (BLS) intensity of a layer on a substrate, taking into account both photoelastic and moving boundary (ripple effect) mechanisms, and give a comparison between BLS intensity and density of states (DOS) to determine the dispersion curves of longitudinal guided modes in the supported layer. In particular, in the case where the mismatch between the elastic parameters of the substrate and the adsorbed layer is high, such as in a PMMA layer on a Si substrate, we derive closed-form expressions of BLS and DOS and demonstrate a simple relationship between these two quantities. A very good agreement between experimental and theoretical BLS spectra was found and compared to theoretical DOS spectra. In particular, we show that while the peaks in the DOS present a uniform behavior, the BLS spectra follows a sine cardinal (sinc) function shape around a given frequency fixed by the chosen laser wavelength. The theoretical calculation is performed within the framework of the Green’s function approach., ICN2 is funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706). F.A., E.C.-A. and C.M.S.T. acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINN project SIP (PGC2018-101743-B-I00).
Published: 2022

9. Phonon dynamics and thermal conductivity of PtSe2 thin films: Impact of crystallinity and film thickness on heat dissipation

Author: Sachat, Alexandros El, Xiao, Peng, Donadio, Davide, Bonell, Frédéric, Sledzinska, Marianna, Marty, Alain, Vergnaud, Céline, Boukari, Hervé, Jamet, Matthieu, Arregui, Guillermo, Chen, Zekun, Alzina, Francesc, Torres, Clivia M. Sotomayor, Chavez-Angel, Emigdio, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: We present a comparative investigation of the influence of crystallinity and film thickness on the acoustic and thermal properties of 2D layered PtSe2 thin films of varying thickness (0.6-24 nm) by combining a set of experimental techniques, namely, frequency domain thermo-reflectance, low-frequency Raman and pump-probe coherent phonon spectroscopy. We find a 35% reduction in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of polycrystalline films with thickness larger than 12 nm compared to the crystalline films of the same thickness due to phonon grain boundary scattering. Density functional theory calculations are in good agreement with the experiments and further reveal the ballistic nature of cross-plane heat transport in PtSe2 up to a certain thickness (~20 nm). In addition, our experiments revealed strong interlayer interactions in PtSe2, short acoustic phonon lifetimes in the range of picoseconds, out-of-plane elastic constant C33=31.8 GPa and layer-dependent group velocity ranging from 1340 m/s in bilayer PtSe2 to 1873 m/s in 8 layers of PtSe2. The potential of tuning the lattice cross-plane thermal conductivity of layered 2D materials with the level of crystallinity and the real-time observation of coherent phonon dynamics, which have direct implications on the cooling and transport of electrons, open a new playground for research in 2D thermoelectric devices and provide guidelines for thermal management in 2D electronics., Comment: 32 pages
Published: 2022

10. Effect of crystallinity and thickness on thermal transport in layered PtSe2

Author: Alexandros El Sachat, Peng Xiao, Davide Donadio, Frédéric Bonell, Marianna Sledzinska, Alain Marty, Céline Vergnaud, Hervé Boukari, Matthieu Jamet, Guillermo Arregui, Zekun Chen, Francesc Alzina, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, Emigdio Chavez-Angel, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Département de physique [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), and ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010)
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Cross planes, Pump probe, Condensed Matter Physics, Low-frequency Raman, Cristallinity, Mechanics of Materials, Frequency domains, Film-thickness, General Materials Science, Raman probe, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Thermoreflectance, Varying thickness, Thermal transport
Abstract: We present a comparative investigation of the influence of crystallinity and film thickness on the acoustic and thermal properties of layered PtSe films of varying thickness (1–40 layers) using frequency-domain thermo-reflectance, low-frequency Raman, and pump-probe coherent phonon spectroscopy. We find ballistic cross-plane heat transport up to ~30 layers PtSe and a 35% reduction in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of polycrystalline films with thickness larger than 20 layers compared to the crystalline films of the same thickness. First-principles calculations further reveal a high degree of thermal conductivity anisotropy and a remarkable large contribution of the optical phonons to the thermal conductivity in bulk (~20%) and thin PtSe films (~30%). Moreover, we show strong interlayer interactions in PtSe, short acoustic phonon lifetimes in the range of picoseconds, an out-of-plane elastic constant of 31.8 GPa, and a layer-dependent group velocity ranging from 1340 ms in bilayer to 1873 ms in eight layers of PtSe. The potential of tuning the lattice thermal conductivity of layered materials with the level of crystallinity and the real-time observation of coherent phonon dynamics open a new playground for research in 2D thermoelectric devices and provides guidelines for thermal management in 2D electronics., This work has been supported by the Severo Ochoa program, the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, grant no. SEV-2017-0706), and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. The authors acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINN project SIP (PGC2018-101743-B-I00), and the EU project NANOPOLY (GA 289061). The LANEF framework (ANR-10-LABX-51-01) is acknowledged for its support of mutualized infrastructure. PX acknowledges support for the Ph.D. fellowship from the EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie COFUND PREBIST (Grant Agreement 754558). AES acknowledges support by the H2020-MSCA-IF project THERMIC-GA No. 101029727. The authors acknowledge Dr. John Cuffe for his critical comments.
Published: 2022

11. Assessment of large critical electric field in ultra-wide bandgap p-type spinel ZnGa2O4

Author: Zeyu Chi, Tamar Tchelidze, Corinne Sartel, Tsotne Gamsakhurdashvili, Ismail Madaci, Hayate Yamano, Vincent Sallet, Yves Dumont, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Farid Medjdoub, Ekaterine Chikoidze, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Danube University Krems, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), WIde baNd gap materials and Devices - IEMN (WIND - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), The present work is a part of 'GALLIA' International Research Project, CNRS, France. GEMaCcolleagues acknowledge financial support of French National Agency of Research (ANR), project'GOPOWER', CE-50 N0015-01. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme / Generalitat deCatalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry andCompetitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2017-0706)., Renatech Network, CMNF, and ANR-21-CE50-0015,GOPOWER,Accélérer la démonstration du potentiel de l'Oxyde de Gallium pour les applications du domaine de l'énergie(2021)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: The spinel zinc gallate ZnGa2O4 stands out among the emerging ultra-wide bandgap (∼5 eV) semiconductors as the ternary complex oxide with the widest gap where bipolar conductivity has been demonstrated. For power and energy electronics, a fundamental property of the material is its critical electric field ( E CR ) although, for ZnGa2O4, is yet unknown. In this work, highly resistive p-type ZnGa2O4 thin films on sapphire and Si substrates were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition to determine both, the remote acceptor concentration and vertical breakdown voltage. Hall Effect measurements confirmed a low carrier concentration at room temperature of ∼1011 cm−3. From vertical metal-semiconductor-metal structures the average E CR has been estimated to be of at least 5.3 MV cm−1, which already is significantly larger than the one of SiC and GaN.
Published: 2023

12. Bipolar self-doping in ultra-wide bandgap spinel ZnGa2O4

Author: Z. Chi, V. Sallet, Corinne Sartel, Wan Yu Wu, Ray-Hua Horng, Yves Dumont, Ekaterine Chikoidze, Fu-Gow Tarntair, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Mathieu Frégnaux, I. Madaci, P. Chapon, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Da-Yeh University (DYU), HORIBA Europe Research Center [Palaiseau] (Horiba), HORIBA Scientific [France], ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Magnetoresistance, Band gap, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Variable-range hopping, ZnGa2O4, General Materials Science, Point defects, Spinel group, Conductivity, business.industry, Spinel, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, ZnGa O 2 4, Semiconductor, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ultra-wide bandgap oxide, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: The spinel group is a growing family of materials with general formulation AB2X4 (the X anion typically being a chalcogen like O and S) with many advanced applications for energy. At the time being, the spinel zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) arguably is the ternary ultra-wide bandgap bipolar oxide semiconductor with the largest bandgap (∼5eV), making this material very promising for implementations in deep UV optoelectronics and ultra-high power electronics. In this work, we further demonstrate that, exploiting the rich cation coordination possibilities of the spinel chemistry, the ZnGa2O4 intrinsic conductivity (and its polarity) can be controlled well over 10 orders of magnitude. p-type and n-type ZnGa2O4 epilayers can be grown by tuning the pressure, oxygen flow and cation precursors ratio during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A relatively deep acceptor level can be achieved by promoting antisites (ZnGa) defects, while up to a (n > 1019 cm−3) donor concentration is obtained due to the hybridization of the Zn–O orbitals in the samples grown in Zn-rich conditions. Electrical transport, atomic and optical spectroscopy reveal a free hole conduction (at high temperature) for p-ZnGa2O4 while for n-ZnGa2O4 a (Mott) variable range hopping (VRH) and negative magnetoresistance phenomena take place, originated from “self-impurity” band located at Ev+ ∼3.4 eV. Among arising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors, spinel ZnGa2O4 exhibit unique self-doping capability thus extending its application at the very frontier of current energy optoelectronics., This study was financially supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 109-2622-E-009-033, 108-2618-E-009-031, 109-2224-E-009-002, 109-2634-F-009-028, 109-2221-E-009-143-MY3, 108-2628-E-002-010-MY3) and the Higher Education SPROUT Project-Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University.
Published: 2021

13. Spin-orbit torques in topological insulator / two-dimensional ferromagnet heterostructures

Author: Regina Galceran, Matthieu Jamet, Juan F. Sierra, T. Guillet, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Giulio Gentille, Marius V. Costache, Frédéric Bonell, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Physics, symbols.namesake, Magnetization, Spin polarization, Spintronics, Ferromagnetism, Condensed matter physics, Topological insulator, symbols, Heterojunction, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], van der Waals force, Spin-½
Abstract: International audience; Topological insulators (TI) have gained much interest in the field of spintronics for the generation of pure spin currents. Indeed, three-dimensional TIs are predicted to host exotic properties like topologically protected surface states (TSS), which show Dirac-like band dispersion and spin-momentum locking [1]. One of the main strategies is to take advantages of the spin polarization of the TSSs to manipulate the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnetic thin film (FM) using the spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanism [2]. In the past few years, the community attempted to replace the traditional heavy metals by a TI in order to enhance the SOT efficiency with limited success. It now appears that the interface sharpness and the high chemical affinity between Bi-based TIs and classical 3d FMs is a major hurdle to reach the predicted breakthrough in magnetization switching power-efficiency [3]. The emergence of ferromagnetism in two dimensions in 2017, which started a new field in condensed matter physics, could bring a solution to this issue.The van der Waals (vdW) nature of the interaction between the TI and the 2D-FM should limit chemical reactions, interface intermixing and hybridization of state between the two layers.
Published: 2021

14. Magneto-Ionics in Single-Layer Transition Metal Nitrides

Author: Maik Butterling, Aitor F. Lopeandía, Eric Hirschmann, Julius de Rojas, Andreas Wagner, Alberto Quintana, Fatima Ibrahim, José Luis Costa-Krämer, Joaquín Salguero, Maciej Oskar Liedke, Enric Menéndez, Llibertat Abad, Mairbek Chshiev, Jordi Sort, Département de physique [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Institute of Radiation Physics [Dresden], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Instituto de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), Centro Nacional de Microelectronica [Spain] (CNM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), ANR-16-CE24-0018,ELECSPIN,Dispositifs Spintronique assistés par champ électrique(2016), ANR-18-CE24-0017,FEOrgSpin,Contrôle ferroélectrique de la spinterface organique/ferromagnétique(2018), European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Helmholtz Association, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Open volume defects, FeN, Materials science, Hydrogen, voltage control of magnetism, Magnetism, Voltage control of magnetism, chemistry.chemical_element, positron annihilation spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, transition metals, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transition metal, General Materials Science, Electrolyte gating, magneto-ionics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Positron annihilation spectroscopy, Metal nitrides, Nitrogen ions, nitrogen ions, Transition metals, Coercivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Iron nitride, chemistry, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], metal nitrides, Lithium, 0210 nano-technology, Magneto-ionics, electrolyte gating, open volume defects, Cobalt, Research Article
Abstract: Magneto-ionics allows for tunable control of magnetism by voltage-driven transport of ions, traditionally oxygen or lithium and, more recently, hydrogen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Here, magneto-ionic effects in single-layer iron nitride films are demonstrated, and their performance is evaluated at room temperature and compared with previously studied cobalt nitrides. Iron nitrides require increased activation energy and, under high bias, exhibit more modest rates of magneto-ionic motion than cobalt nitrides. Ab initio calculations reveal that, based on the atomic bonding strength, the critical field required to induce nitrogen-ion motion is higher in iron nitrides (≈6.6 V nm-1) than in cobalt nitrides (≈5.3 V nm-1). Nonetheless, under large bias (i.e., well above the magneto-ionic onset and, thus, when magneto-ionics is fully activated), iron nitride films exhibit enhanced coercivity and larger generated saturation magnetization, surpassing many of the features of cobalt nitrides. The microstructural effects responsible for these enhanced magneto-ionic effects are discussed. These results open up the potential integration of magneto-ionics in existing nitride semiconductor materials in view of advanced memory system architectures., Financial support by the European Research Council (SPINPORICS 2014-Consolidator Grant, Agreement No. 648454, and the MAGIC-SWITCH 2019-Proof of Concept Grant, Agreement No. 875018), the Spanish Government (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-292 and 2018-LLAV-00032), the European Regional Development Fund (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R and 2018-LLAV-00032), and the French ANR (ANR-18-CE24- 0017 “FEOrgSpin” and ELECSPIN ANR-16-CE24-0018 “ELECSPIN”) is acknowledged. This work was partially supported by the Impulse- und Net-working fund of the Helmholtz Association (FKZ VH-VI-442 Memriox) and the Helmholtz Energy Materials Characterization Platform (03ET7015). The PALS measurements were carried out at ELBE at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V., a member of the Helmholtz Association. We thank the facility staff for assistance. L.A. thanks MINECO for a Ramón y Cajal Contract (RYC-2013-12640).
Published: 2021

15. Self-organised stripe domains and elliptical skyrmion bubbles in ultra-thin epitaxial Au{0.67}Pt{0.33}/Co/W(110) films

Author: Tevfik Onur Menteş, Olivier Fruchart, Andrea Locatelli, Jose Peña Garcia, Justin M. Shaw, Stefania Pizzini, Francesca Genuzio, Jan Vogel, Hans T. Nembach, Lorenzo Camosi, Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Boulder] (NIST), Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST)-University of Colorado [Boulder], ANR: LANEF,ANR-10-LABX-51-01 - LABEX LANEF, ANR-17-CE24-0025,TOPSKY,Propriétés topologiques des skyrmions magnétiques et opportunitiés pour le dévelopement de nouveaux dispositifs spintroniques(2017), European Project: 754303,GreQue, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010), and Micro et NanoMagnétisme (NEEL - MNM)
Subjects: Physics, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, Condensed matter physics, magnetic skyrmions, Skyrmion, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Symmetry (physics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, Magnetic anisotropy, Magnetization, Photoemission electron microscopy, Domain wall (magnetism), epitaxial thin films, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract: We studied the symmetry of magnetic properties and the resulting magnetic textures in ultra-thin epitaxial Au0.67Pt0.33/Co/W(110), a model system exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interface Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). As a peculiar feature, the C2v crystal symmetry induced by the Co/W interface results in an additional uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the cobalt layer. Photo-emission electron microscopy with magnetic sensitivity reveals the formation of self-organised magnetic stripe domains oriented parallel to the hard in-plane magnetisation axis. We attribute this behavior to the lower domain wall energy when oriented along this axis, where both the DMI and the in-plane magnetic anisotropy favor a Néel domain wall configuration. The anisotropic domain wall energy also leads to the formation of elliptical skyrmion bubbles under a weak out-of-plane magnetic field.
Published: 2021

16. Siesta : recent developments and applications

Author: Rafi Ullah, Georg Huhs, Emanuele Bosoni, Volker Blum, Alberto García, Pablo Ordejón, Emilio Artacho, Andrei Postnikov, Irina V. Lebedeva, Fabiano Corsetti, Richard Korytár, Miguel Pruneda, Ramón Cuadrado, Vladimir Dikan, Roberto Robles, Pablo García-Fernández, Jaime Ferrer, Mads Brandbyge, Javier Junquera, Jorge Cerdá, José M. Soler, Pedro Brandimarte, Nick Rübner Papior, Lin Lin, Victor Yu, Stephan Mohr, Sandra García, Sergio Illera, Peter Koval, Víctor M. García-Suárez, Arsalan Akhtar, Yann Pouillon, Pablo López-Tarifa, Sara G. Mayo, Julian D. Gale, Daniel Sánchez-Portal, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas de Ciudad Real (UCLM), Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Duke University [Durham], Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Instituto Ciencias del Mar, CICNanoGUNE, University of Oviedo, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Applied Mathematics and Institute of Theoretical Computer Science (Charles University), Charles University [Prague] (CU), CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Natl Key Lab Plant Mol Genet, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine (UL), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center - DIPC (SPAIN), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)-University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Universidad del País Vasco, Eusko Jaurlaritza, National Science Foundation (US), Universidad de Cantabria, and Simune Atomistics
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), Interface (Java), Computer science, Wannier functions, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Interoperability, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Molecular dynamics, 010402 general chemistry, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Electronic Structure Software, Computational science, Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Ab initio electronic structure calculations, Matrix analytic methods, 0103 physical sciences, Spin-orbit interactions, Plug-in, Dinàmica molecular, Multiscale methods, Charge density, Density functional theory (DFT)+U, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, SIESTA (computer program), Electronic Structure Library, computer.programming_language, Ballistic electron transport, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Mathematical models, 010304 chemical physics, SIESTA, Electron transport, Hybrid density functional calculations, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Models matemàtics, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Grid, Supercomputer, Pseudopotential method, PSeudopotential Markup Language, 0104 chemical sciences, Time dependent density functional theory, Workflow, Density functional theory, High performance computing, Physics - Computational Physics, computer
Abstract: This article is part of the JCP Special Topic on Electronic Structure Software., A review of the present status, recent enhancements, and applicability of the SIESTA program is presented. Since its debut in the mid-1990s, SIESTA’s flexibility, efficiency, and free distribution have given advanced materials simulation capabilities to many groups worldwide. The core methodological scheme of SIESTA combines finite-support pseudo-atomic orbitals as basis sets, norm-conserving pseudopotentials, and a realspace grid for the representation of charge density and potentials and the computation of their associated matrix elements. Here, we describe the more recent implementations on top of that core scheme, which include full spin–orbit interaction, non-repeated and multiple-contact ballistic electron transport, density functional theory (DFT)+U and hybrid functionals, time-dependent DFT, novel reduced-scaling solvers, density-functional perturbation theory, efficient van der Waals non-local density functionals, and enhanced molecular-dynamics options. In addition, a substantial effort has been made in enhancing interoperability and interfacing with other codes and utilities, such as WANNIER90 and the second-principles modeling it can be used for, an AiiDA plugin for workflow automatization, interface to Lua for steering SIESTA runs, and various post-processing utilities. SIESTA has also been engaged in the Electronic Structure Library effort from its inception, which has allowed the sharing of various low-level libraries, as well as data standards and support for them, particularly the PSeudopotential Markup Language definition and library for transferable pseudopotentials, and the interface to the ELectronic Structure Infrastructure library of solvers. Code sharing is made easier by the new open-source licensing model of the program. This review also presents examples of application of the capabilities of the code, as well as a view of on-going and future developments., Siesta development was historically supported by different Spanish National Plan projects (Project Nos. MEC-DGES-PB95-0202, MCyT-BFM2000-1312, MEC-BFM2003-03372, FIS2006-12117, FIS2009-12721, FIS2012-37549, FIS2015-64886-P, and RTC-2016-5681-7), the latter one together with Simune Atomistics Ltd. We are thankful for financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through Grant No. PGC2018-096955-B. We acknowledge the Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence Program [Grant Nos. SEV-2015-0496 (ICMAB) and SEV-2017-0706 (ICN2)], the GenCat (Grant No. 2017SGR1506), and the European Union MaX Center of Excellence (EU-H2020 Grant No. 824143). P.G.-F. acknowledges support from Ramón y Cajal (Grant No. RyC-2013-12515). J.I.C. acknowledges Grant No. RTI2018-097895-B-C41. R.C. acknowledges the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Skłodoswka-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665919. D.S.P, P.K., and P.B. acknowledge Grant No. MAT2016-78293-C6, FET-Open No. 863098, and UPV-EHU Grant No. IT1246-19. V. W. Yu was supported by a MolSSI Fellowship (U.S. NSF Award No. 1547580), and V.B. and V.W.Y. were supported by the ELSI Development by the NSF (Award No. 1450280).
Published: 2021

17. Unconventional features in the quantum Hall regime of disordered graphene : Percolating impurity states and Hall conductance quantization

Author: Frank Ortmann, Alessandro Cresti, Nicolas Leconte, Stephan Roche, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Project: 604391,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,GRAPHENE(2013), European Commission, German Research Foundation, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, FOS: Physical sciences, Conductance, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Quantization (physics), Quantum spin Hall effect, law, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], media_common
Abstract: We report on the formation of critical states in disordered graphene, at the origin of variable and unconventional transport properties in the quantum Hall regime, such as a zero-energy Hall conductance plateau in the absence of an energy band gap and Landau-level degeneracy breaking. By using efficient real-space transport methodologies, we compute both the dissipative and Hall conductivities of large-size graphene sheets with random distribution of model single and double vacancies. By analyzing the scaling of transport coefficients with defect density, system size, and magnetic length, we elucidate the origin of anomalous quantum Hall features as magnetic-field-dependent impurity states, which percolate at some critical energies. These findings shed light on unidentified states and quantum-transport anomalies reported experimentally., This research is partly funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant No. 604391 Graphene Flagship. ICN2 acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2013-0295). F.O. would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support (Grant No. OR 349/1-1).
Published: 2021

18. Puzzling robust 2D metallic conductivity in undoped β-Ga2O3 thin films

Author: A. Fellous, Ekaterine Chikoidze, Tamar Tchelidze, Cuong Ton-That, Ferechteh H. Teherani, Carles M. Rubio, H. J. von Bardeleben, Yves Dumont, Eric V. Sandana, Guillaume Sauthier, Philippe Bove, David J. Rogers, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Fédération Île de France de Recherche en Environnement, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), and University of Technology Sydney (UTS)
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Band gap, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ga2O3, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, General Materials Science, Thin film, Ohmic contact, Electrical conductor, Electron accumulation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Wide bandgap insulator, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor, Transport properties, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Here, we report the analogy of an extremely stable topological-like ultra-wide bandgap insulator, a solid that is a pure insulator in its bulk but has a metallic conductive surface, presenting a two-dimensional conductive channel at its surface that challenges our current thinking about semiconductor conductivity engineering. Nominally undoped epitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin films without any detectable defect (after a range of state-of-the-art techniques) showed the unexpectedly low resistivity of 3 × 10−2 Ωcm which was found to be also resistant to high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, 5 × 1015cm−2 dose) and was largely invariant (metallic) over the phenomenal temperature range of 2 K up to 850 K. The unique resilience and stability of the electrical properties under thermal and highly ionizing radiation stressing, combined with the extended transparency range (thanks to the ultra-wide bandgap) and the already known toughness under high electrical field could open up new perspectives for use as expanded spectral range transparent electrodes (e.g., for UV harvesting solar cells or UV LEDs/lasers) and robust Ohmic contacts for use in extreme environments/applications and for novel optoelectronic and power device concepts., The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ile de France region (‘NOVATECS’ C'Nano IdF Project No? IF-08-1453. R) and from the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ‘Investissements d’Avenir’ program (Labex charmmmat, ANR-11-LABX-0039-grant). APT acknowledges Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under contract ENE2015-74275-JIN. The ICN2 is funded by the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2013-0295). TT acknowledges Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant #04/04.
Published: 2021

19. Quantum transport in chemically functionalized graphene at high magnetic field : Defect-induced critical states and breakdown of electron-hole symmetry

Author: Nicolas Leconte, Jean-Christophe Charlier, Stephan Roche, Frank Ortmann, Alessandro Cresti, Cresti, Alessandro, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Australian Research Council, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Institute of Condensed Matterand Nanosciences,Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BELGIUM (IMCN), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la matière condensée et des nanosciences / Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), and European Project: 604391,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,GRAPHENE(2013)
Subjects: Monatomic gas, FOS: Physical sciences, Critical states, 02 engineering and technology, Electron hole, Quantum Hall effect, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, quantum Hall effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Functionalization, Scaling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum hHall effect, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, Conductance, General Chemistry, Landau quantization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Symmetry (physics), Magnetic field, Oxygen, Mechanics of Materials, Localization, Graphene, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: arXiv:1405.3766v1, Unconventional magnetotransport fingerprints in the quantum Hall regime (with applied magnetic fields from one to several tens of Tesla) in chemically functionalized graphene are reported. Upon chemical adsorption of monoatomic oxygen (from $0.5\%$ to few percents), the electron-hole symmetry of Landau levels (LLs) is broken, while a double-peaked conductivity develops at low-energy, resulting from the formation of critical states conveyed by the random network of defects-induced impurity states. Scaling analysis hints towards the existence of an additional zero-energy quantized Hall conductance plateau, which is here not connected to degeneracy lifting of LLs by sublattice symmetry breaking. This singularly contrasts with usual interpretation, and unveils a new playground for tailoring the fundamental characteristics of the quantum Hall effect., J-CC and NL acknowledge financial support from the FRS-FNRS of Belgium. This research is directly connected to the ARC on ‘Graphene Nano-electromechanics’ (no. 11/16-037) sponsored by the Communauté Française de Belgique, and funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding (MAT2012-33911). This research is partly funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship.
Published: 2021

20. Superconducting super-organized nanoparticles of the superconductor (BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2

Author: Tadashi Kawamoto, Jordi Fraxedas, Dominique de Caro, Christophe Faulmann, Shuxiang Fan, Marco Revelli-Beaumont, Kane Jacob, Marine Tassé, Takehiko Mori, Sonia Mallet-Ladeira, Lydie Valade, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, superconductor, Saturation current, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Phase (matter), Seebeck coefficient, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Molecular conductor, Superconductivity, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic susceptibility, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology, Tetrathiafulvalene
Abstract: International audience; The synthesis of (BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) leads to super-organized nanoparticles of 2–8 nm size. Samples contain crystalline nanoparticles of the κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 phase. The electrical conductivity at room temperature is about 0.08 S · cm–1, a typical value for nanopowders of tetrathiafulvalene-based conducting compounds. The current-voltage characteristic for an individual nanoparticle aggregate is fitted with a Shockley diode model. A saturation current of 4.1 pA and a threshold voltage of 0.45 V are extracted. N1s and S2p lines in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy evidence a charge transfer, characteristic for tetrathiafulvalene-based conducting salts. Magnetic susceptibility studies show a superconducting transition at 9.1 K, a characteristic value for the κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 phase. The thermoelectric power of the nanopowder is represented by the average //c and //b values for the single-crystal. Finally, resistivity for the nanopowder is nearly flat in the metallic region.
Published: 2021

21. Multiple quantum phases in graphene with enhanced spin-orbit coupling : from the quantum spin hall regime to the spin hall effect and a robust metallic state

Author: David Soriano, Stephan Roche, Aron W. Cummings, Dinh Van Tuan, Alessandro Cresti, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Project: 604391,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,GRAPHENE(2013), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Quantum spin Hall effect, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum spin Hall phase, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin dependent scattering, Bulk conductivities, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Scattering, Graphene, Functionalized graphene, Spin–orbit interaction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum spin halls, 3. Good health, Spin Hall effect, Spin-orbit couplings, 0210 nano-technology, Localization effect, Spin-accumulations
Abstract: Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY)., We report an intriguing transition from the quantum spin Hall phase to the spin Hall effect upon segregation of thallium adatoms adsorbed onto a graphene surface. Landauer-Büttiker and Kubo-Greenwood simulations are used to access both edge and bulk transport physics in disordered thallium-functionalized graphene systems of realistic sizes. Our findings not only quantify the detrimental effects of adatom clustering in the formation of the topological state, but also provide evidence for the emergence of spin accumulation at opposite sample edges driven by spin-dependent scattering induced by thallium islands, which eventually results in a minimum bulk conductivity ~4e2/h, insensitive to localization effects., S. R. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding (MAT2012-33911), the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO SEV-2013-0295), and the Secretaria de Universidades e Investigación del Departamento de Economía y Conocimiento de la Generalidad de Cataluña. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship.
Published: 2021

22. Absence of Magnetic Proximity Effect at the Interface of Bi2Se3 and (Bi,Sb)2Te3 with EuS

Author: Figueroa, A. I., Bonell, F., Cuxart, M. G., Valvidares, M., Gargiani, P., van der Laan, G., Mugarza, A., Valenzuela, S. O., ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), ALBA Synchrotron light source [Barcelone], DIAMOND Light source, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Commission, European Research Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract: We performed x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on heterostructures comprising topological insulators (TIs) of the (Bi,Sb)2(Se,Te)3 family and the magnetic insulator EuS. XMCD measurements allow us to investigate element-selective magnetic proximity effects at the very TI/EuS interface. A systematic analysis reveals that there is neither significant induced magnetism within the TI nor an enhancement of the Eu magnetic moment at such interface. The induced magnetic moments in Bi, Sb, Te, and Se sites are lower than the estimated detection limit of the XMCD measurements of ∼10−3μB/at., This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 FET-PROACTIVE project TOCHA under Grant Agreement 824140. The authors acknowledge funding by the European Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 306652 SPINBOUND, by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 827, by MINECO (under Contracts No. MAT2016-75952-R, No. MAT2016-78293-C6-2-R, No. PID2019-111773RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No. PID2019- 107338RB-C65, and Severo Ochoa No. SEV-2017-0706) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the program Interreg V-A España-Francia-Andorra (Contract No. EFA 194/16 TNSI). A. I. F. acknowledges funding from MINECO-Juan de la Cierva fellowship ref. IJCI-2015-25514 and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 People Programme (Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions) H2020-MSCA-IF-2017 under REA Grant Agreement No. 796925. F. B. acknowledges funding from MINECO Ramón y Cajal Program under Contract No. RYC-2015-18523.
Published: 2020

23. Anisotropic skyrmion bubbles in ultra-thin epitaxial Au$_{0.67}$Pt$_{0.33}$/Co/W films

Author: Camosi, Lorenzo, Pe��a-Garcia, Jos��, Fruchart, Olivier, Pizzini, Stefania, Locatelli, Andrea, Mente��, Tevfik Onur, Genuzio, Francesca, Shaw, Justin, Nembach, Hans, Vogel, Jan, Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Boulder] (NIST), Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST)-University of Colorado [Boulder], ANR: LANEF,ANR-10-LABX-51-01 - LABEX LANEF, ANR-17-CE24-0025,TOPSKY,Propriétés topologiques des skyrmions magnétiques et opportunitiés pour le dévelopement de nouveaux dispositifs spintroniques(2017), and European Project: 754303,GreQue
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We studied the symmetry of magnetic properties and the resulting magnetic textures in ultra-thin epitaxial Au$_{0.67}$Pt$_{0.33}$/Co/W, a model system exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interface Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). As a peculiar feature, the C$_\mathrm{2v}$ crystal symmetry induced by the Co/W interface results in an additional uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the cobalt layer. Photoemission electron microscopy with magnetic sensitivity reveals the formation of self-organized magnetic stripe domains oriented parallel to the hard in-plane magnetization axis. We attribute this behavior to the lower domain wall energy when oriented along this axis, where both the DMI and the in-plane magnetic anisotropy favor a N\'{e}el domain wall configuration. The anisotropic domain wall energy also leads to the formation of elliptical skyrmion bubbles in a weak out-of-plane magnetic field.
Published: 2020

24. Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene

Author: Marion Scarafagio, Daniel Cano, Hugues de Riedmatten, Frank H. L. Koppens, Antoine Reserbat-Plantey, Philippe Goldner, Klaas-Jan Tielrooij, Alban Ferrier, Philippe Marcus, Karuppasamy Soundarapandian, Antoine Seyeux, Alexandre Tallaire, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques [Castelldefels] (ICFO), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundació Privada Cellex, European Research Council, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nanophotonics, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum entanglement, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Erbium, law, lcsh:Science, Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, Nanoscale materials, Fermi energy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Rare earht, Purcell enhancement, Modulation, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Physics - Optics, Materials science, Science, Thin films, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Quantum Technologies, 03 medical and health sciences, NanOQTech, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Optical materials and structures, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Plasmon, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Graphene, General Chemistry, Quantum technology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Q, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: Combining the quantum optical properties of single-photon emitters with the strong near-field interactions available in nanophotonic and plasmonic systems is a powerful way of creating quantum manipulation and metrological functionalities. The ability to actively and dynamically modulate emitter-environment interactions is of particular interest in this regard. While thermal, mechanical and optical modulation have been demonstrated, electrical modulation has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we realize fast, all-electrical modulation of the near-field interactions between a nanolayer of erbium emitters and graphene, by in-situ tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. We demonstrate strong interactions with a >1000-fold increased decay rate for ~25% of the emitters, and electrically modulate these interactions with frequencies up to 300 kHz – orders of magnitude faster than the emitter’s radiative decay (~100 Hz). This constitutes an enabling platform for integrated quantum technologies, opening routes to quantum entanglement generation by collective plasmon emission or photon emission with controlled waveform., K.-J.T. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 804349. ICN2 was supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 712721 (NanOQTech). F.H.L.K. acknowledges financial support from the Government of Catalonia trough the SGR grant, and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0522), and Explora Ciencia FIS2017-91599-EXP. F.H.L.K. also acknowledges support by Fundacio Cellex Barcelona, Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA program, and the Mineco grants Plan Nacional (FIS2016-81044-P) and the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) 2017 SGR 1656. Furthermore, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 under Grant Agreements No. 785219 (Core2) and No. 881603 (Core3) Graphene Flagship, and No. 820378 (Quantum Flagship). This work was supported by the ERC TOPONANOP under Grant Agreement No. 726001.
Published: 2020

25. Low-symmetry topological materials for large charge-to-spin interconversion: The case of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

Author: Marc Vila, Chuang-Han Hsu, Jose H. Garcia, L. Antonio Benítez, Xavier Waintal, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Vitor M. Pereira, Stephan Roche, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, National Research Foundation Singapore, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), National University of Singapore (NUS), Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spin hall effect, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Topological materials, Thin-films, Interconversions, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Spin-polarization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), Transition metal dichalcogenides, New forms, Out-of-plane, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Spin-orbit couplings, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Coupling materials, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Fundamental constraints
Abstract: The spin polarization induced by the spin Hall effect (SHE) in thin films typically points out of the plane. This is rooted on the specific symmetries of traditionally studied systems, not in a fundamental constraint. Recently, experiments on few-layer ${\rm MoTe}_2$ and ${\rm WTe}_2$ showed that the reduced symmetry of these strong spin-orbit coupling materials enables a new form of {\it canted} spin Hall effect, characterized by concurrent in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarizations. Here, through quantum transport calculations on realistic device geometries, including disorder, we predict a very large gate-tunable SHE figure of merit $\lambda_s\theta_{xy}\sim 1\text{--}50$ nm in ${\rm MoTe}_2$ and ${\rm WTe}_2$ monolayers that significantly exceeds values of conventional SHE materials. This stems from a concurrent long spin diffusion length ($\lambda_s$) and charge-to-spin interconversion efficiency as large as $\theta_{xy} \approx 80$\%, originating from momentum-invariant (persistent) spin textures together with large spin Berry curvature along the Fermi contour, respectively. Generalization to other materials and specific guidelines for unambiguous experimental confirmation are proposed, paving the way towards exploiting such phenomena in spintronic devices. These findings vividly emphasize how crystal symmetry and electronic topology can govern the intrinsic SHE and spin relaxation, and how they may be exploited to broaden the range and efficiency of spintronic materials and functionalities., Comment: Published version, Phys. Rev. Reserach
Published: 2020

26. Nonlocal Spin Dynamics in the Crossover from Diffusive to Ballistic Transport

Author: Marc Vila, Xavier Waintal, Stephen R. Power, Jose H. Garcia, Aron W. Cummings, Stephan Roche, Christoph Groth, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fundación 'la Caixa', Irish Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: Crossover, Spin valve, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Theoretical framework, Two-dimensional materials, Spin manipulation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fabrication technique, Quantum simulations, law, Ballistic conduction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Spin-diffusion length, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Spin-½, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, Nonlocal spin valves, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Charge (physics), Ballistic transports, Spin diffusion, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Improved fabrication techniques have enabled the possibility of ballistic transport and unprecedented spin manipulation in ultraclean graphene devices. Spin transport in graphene is typically probed in a nonlocal spin valve and is analyzed using spin diffusion theory, but this theory is not necessarily applicable when charge transport becomes ballistic or when the spin diffusion length is exceptionally long. Here, we study these regimes by performing quantum simulations of graphene nonlocal spin valves. We find that conventional spin diffusion theory fails to capture the crossover to the ballistic regime as well as the limit of long spin diffusion length. We show that the latter can be described by an extension of the current theoretical framework. Finally, by covering the whole range of spin dynamics, our study opens a new perspective to predict and scrutinize spin transport in graphene and other two-dimensional material-based ultraclean devices., M. V. acknowledges support from “La Caixa” Foundation. S. R. P. acknowledges funding from the Irish Research Council under the Laureate awards programme. X. W. acknowledges the ANR GRANSPORT funding. All authors were supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 785219 (Graphene Flagship). ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706).
Published: 2020

27. p-Type Ultrawide-Band-Gap Spinel ZnGa2O4 : New Perspectives for Energy Electronics

Author: Hagar Mohamed, Christèle Vilar, Corinne Sartel, Francisco J. Belarre, Belén Ballesteros, E. Chikoidze, Michael R. Jennings, Vincent Sallet, Pablo Vales-Castro, Lijie Li, Guillaume Sauthier, Ismail Madaci, Yves Dumont, Elena del Corro, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro Nacional de Microelectronica [Spain] (CNM), Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (Egypt), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, and Generalitat de Catalunya
Subjects: Materials science, Advanced applications, Band gap, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, ZnGa2O4, Spinel Oxides, Temperature range, General Materials Science, Electronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multi-functional materials, Ternary oxides, 010405 organic chemistry, Spinel, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, High temperature, Spinel compounds, Engineering physics, Zinc gallate, 0104 chemical sciences, Ultra-wide Bandgap Semiconductor, p-type Conductivity, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], P-type doping, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The family of spinel compounds is a large and important class of multifunctional materials of general formulation AB2X4 with many advanced applications in energy and optoelectronic areas such as fuel cells, batteries, catalysis, photonics, spintronics, and thermoelectricity. In this work, it is demonstrated that the ternary ultrawide-band-gap (∼5 eV) spinel zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) arguably is the native p-type ternary oxide semiconductor with the largest Eg value (in comparison with the recently discovered binary p-type monoclinic β-Ga2O3 oxide). For nominally undoped ZnGa2O4 the high-temperature Hall effect hole concentration was determined to be as large as p = 2 × 1015 cm–3, while hole mobilities were found to be μh = 7–10 cm2/(V s) (in the 680–850 K temperature range). An acceptor-like small Fermi level was further corroborated by X-ray spectroscopy and by density functional theory calculations. Our findings, as an important step toward p-type doping, opens up further perspectives for ultrawide-band-gap bipolar spinel electronics and further promotes ultrawide-band-gap ternary oxides such as ZnGa2O4 to the forefront of the quest of the next generation of semiconductor materials for more efficient energy optoelectronics and power electronics., H.M. acknowledges the Cultural Affairs and Massion Sector, Egyptian Ministry for Higher Education, for her fellowship giving the possibility of work in France. E.d.C. acknowledges the Spanish MINECO Juan de la Cierva Fellowship JC-2015-25201. A.P.-T. acknowledges Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under contract ENE2015-74275-JIN. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2017-0706).
Published: 2020

28. Voltage-driven motion of nitrogen ions : a new paradigm for magneto-ionics

Author: José Luis Costa-Krämer, Joaquín Salguero, Llibertat Abad, Alberto Manuel Quintana, Beatriz Muñiz, Aitor F. Lopeandía, Fatima Ibrahim, Kai Liu, Andreas Wagner, Christopher Jensen, Maik Butterling, Jordi Sort, Josep Nogués, Maciej Oskar Liedke, Aliona Nicolenco, Veronica Sireus, Julius de Rojas, Mairbek Chshiev, Enric Menéndez, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain, Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA, IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institute of Radiation Physics [Dresden], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Instituto de Microelectrònica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), Centro Nacional de Microelectronica [Spain] (CNM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), ANR-18-CE24-0017,FEOrgSpin,Contrôle ferroélectrique de la spinterface organique/ferromagnétique(2018), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), and National Science Foundation (US)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Ion, Electronegativity, Surfaces, interfaces and thin films, Magnetic properties and materials, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics::Chemical Physics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, lcsh:Science, Ion transporter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, Ferromagnetism, chemistry, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Magneto-ionics, understood as voltage-driven ion transport in magnetic materials, has largely relied on controlled migration of oxygen ions. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature voltage-driven nitrogen transport (i.e., nitrogen magneto-ionics) by electrolyte-gating of a CoN film. Nitrogen magneto-ionics in CoN is compared to oxygen magneto-ionics in Co3O4. Both materials are nanocrystalline (face-centered cubic structure) and show reversible voltage-driven ON-OFF ferromagnetism. In contrast to oxygen, nitrogen transport occurs uniformly creating a plane-wave-like migration front, without assistance of diffusion channels. Remarkably, nitrogen magneto-ionics requires lower threshold voltages and exhibits enhanced rates and cyclability. This is due to the lower activation energy for ion diffusion and the lower electronegativity of nitrogen compared to oxygen. These results may open new avenues in applications such as brain-inspired computing or iontronics in general., Financial support by the European Research Council (2014-Consolidator Grant Agreement No. 648454 and 2019-Proof of Concept Grant Agreement N° 875018), the Spanish Government (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-292 and 2018-LLAV-00032), the French ANR (ANR-18-CE24-0017 Project “FEOrgSpin”) and FEDER (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R and 2018-LLAV-00032) is acknowledged. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya and supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence program (Spanish Research Agency, grant no. SEV-2017-0706). Work at GU has been supported by SMART (2018-NE-2861), one of seven centers of nCORE, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by NIST, and NSF (DMR−1905468, DMR−1828420). The PALS measurements were carried out at ELBE at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V., a member of the Helmholtz Association. We would like to thank A.G. Attallah and E. Hirschmann for assistance during PALS.
Published: 2020

29. Thermoreflectance techniques and Raman thermometry for thermal property characterization of nanostructures

Author: Jeremie Maire, Alexandros El Sachat, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, Susanne Sandell, Emigdio Chavez-Angel, Jianying He, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Norwegian Research Council, European Research Council, Nanomechanical Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanostructure, General Physics and Astronomy, Suspended structure, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nanomaterials, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, Technological applications, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Energy transformation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Thermoreflectance, Microscale chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Temporal and spatial, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Nanoscale thermometries, Photothermal therapy, Property characterizations, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), Thermal measurement technique, symbols, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Photothermal methods
Abstract: The widespread use of nanostructures and nanomaterials has opened up a whole new realm of challenges in thermal management, but also leads to possibilities for energy conversion, storage, and generation, in addition to numerous other technological applications. At the microscale and below, standard thermal measurement techniques reach their limits, and several novel methods have been developed to overcome these limitations. Among the most recent, contactless photothermal methods have been widely used and have proved their advantages in terms of versatility, temporal and spatial resolution, and even sensitivity in some situations. Among them, thermoreflectance and Raman thermometry have been used to measure the thermal properties from bulk materials to thin films, multilayers, suspended structures, and nanomaterials. This Tutorial presents the principles of these two techniques and some of their most common implementations. It expands to more advanced systems for spatial mapping and for probing of non-Fourier thermal transport. Finally, this paper concludes with discussing the limitations and perspectives of these techniques and future directions in nanoscale thermometry. I. INTRODUCTION, ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 authors acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINN Project SIP (No. PGC2018-101743-B-I00) and the H2020 European FET Open project PHENOMEN (No. GA 713450). E.C.-A. acknowledges financial support from EU Project NANOPOLY (No. GA 289061). The NTNU authors are supported by the Research Council of Norway through the FRINATEK Project No. 251068 with the title: “Engineering Metal-Polymer Interface for Enhanced Heat Transfer.”
Published: 2020

30. Canted persistent spin texture and quantum spin hall effect in WTe2

Author: Jose H. Garcia, Marc Vila, Chuang-Han Hsu, Stephan Roche, Vitor M. Pereira, Xavier Waintal, Fundación 'la Caixa', National University of Singapore, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Research Foundation Singapore, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), National University of Singapore (NUS), Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Hall conductivity, Quantization (physics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Quantum spin Hall effect, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, Low symmetry, Spin (physics), Quantum
Abstract: We report an unconventional quantum spin Hall phase in the monolayer WTe2, which exhibits hitherto unknown features in other topological materials. The low symmetry of the structure induces a canted spin texture in the yz plane, which dictates the spin polarization of topologically protected boundary states. Additionally, the spin Hall conductivity gets quantized (2e2/h) with a spin quantization axis parallel to the canting direction. These findings are based on large-scale quantum simulations of the spin Hall conductivity tensor and nonlocal resistances in multiprobe geometries using a realistic tight-binding model elaborated from first-principle methods. The observation of this canted quantum spin Hall effect, related to the formation of topological edge states with nontrivial spin polarization, demands for specific experimental design and suggests interesting alternatives for manipulating spin information in topological materials., M. V. acknowledges support from “La Caixa” Foundation and the Centre for Advanced 2D Materials at the National University of Singapore for its hospitality. X. W. acknowledges the ANR Flagera GRANSPORT funding. ICN2 authors were supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 881603 (Graphene Flagship) and No. 824140 (TOCHA, H2020-FETPROACT-01-2018). ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV2017-0706). V. M. P. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation (Singapore) under its Medium-Sized Centre Programme (R-723-000-001-281).
Published: 2020

31. Ultra-high critical electric field of 13.2 MV/cm for Zn-doped p-type β-Ga2O3

Author: Z. Chi, Tamar Tchelidze, Riad Kabouche, E. Chikoidze, Hagar Mohamed, Carles M. Rubio, Amador Pérez-Tomás, Farid Medjdoub, Corinne Sartel, Ismail Madaci, Yves Dumont, Vincent Sallet, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (Egypt), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), National Research Centre - NRC (EGYPT), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under contract ENE2015-74275-JIN, and PCMP CHOP
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Band gap, 02 engineering and technology, p type β-Ga2O3, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ultra-wide band gap, Critical Electrical field, Breakdown voltage, General Materials Science, Critical field, MOCVD growth, Dopant, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, 4. Education, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, Impact ionization, Semiconductor, Electrical properties, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Which the actual critical electrical field of the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3 is? Even that it is usual to find in the literature a given value for the critical field of wide and ultra-wide semiconductors such as SiC (3 MV/cm), GaN (3.3 MV/cm), β-Ga2O3 (~8 MV/cm) and diamond (10 MV/cm), this value actually depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as the bandgap energy, material residual impurities or introduced dopants. Indeed, it is well known from 1950's that reducing the residual doping (NB) of the semiconductor layer increases the breakdown voltage capability of a semiconductor media (e.g. as 𝑁𝑁𝐵𝐵 −3⁄4 by using the Fulop's approximation for an abrupt junction). A key limitation is, therefore, the residual donor/acceptor concentration generally found in these materials. Here, we report that doping with amphoteric Zinc a p-type β-Ga2O3 thin films shortens free carrier mean free path (0.37 nm), resulting in the ultra-high critical electrical field of 13.2 MV/cm. Therefore, the critical breakdown field can be, at least, four times larger for the emerging Ga2O3 power semiconductor as compared to SiC and GaN. We further explain these wide-reaching experimental facts by using theoretical approaches based on the impact ionization microscopic theory and thermodynamic calculations., Hagar Mohammed would like to acknowledge Cultural Affairs and Massion Sector, Egyptian Ministry for Higher Education for her fellowship giving possibility work in France. APT acknowledges Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under contract ENE2015-74275-JIN. The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2017-0706).
Published: 2020

32. Nanowire forest of pnictogen–chalcogenide alloys for thermoelectricity

Author: Clivia M. Sotomayor-Torres, Juliana Jaramillo Fernandez, Daniel Bourgault, David Lacroix, Dhruv Singhal, Laurent Cagnon, Dimitri Tainoff, Olivier Bourgeois, Jacques Richard, Jessy Paterson, Emigdio Chavez-Angel, Meriam Ben-Khedim, Denis Buttard, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Singhal, Dhruv [0000-0003-3362-5990], Paterson, Jessy [0000-0003-0508-2191], Chávez, Emigdio [0000-0002-9783-0806], Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (TPS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM ), Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN-CIN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPACT N4S, ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), Singhal, Dhruv, Paterson, Jessy, Chávez, Emigdio, Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (NEEL - TPS), Micro et NanoMagnétisme (NEEL - MNM), and ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2)
Subjects: Materials science, Boundary scattering, Chalcogenide, Nanowire, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thermal conductivity, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric effect, Electrical conductivity, Thermoelectric conversion, General Materials Science, Pnictogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chalcogenide compound, business.industry, Nanoporous, Thermoelectric figure of merit, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Potential building blocks, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Temperature dependence, Measurement techniques, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Pnictogen and chalcogenide compounds have been seen as high-potential materials for efficient thermoelectric conversion over the past few decades. It is also known that with nanostructuration, the physical properties of these pnictogen–chalcogenide compounds can be further enhanced towards a more efficient heat conversion. Here, we report the reduced thermal conductivity of a large ensemble of Bi2Te3 alloy nanowires (70 nm in diameter) with selenium for n-type and antimony for p-type (Bi2Te3−ySey and Bi2−xSbxTe3 respectively). The nanowire growth was carried out through electrodeposition in nanoporous aluminium oxide templates with high aspect ratios leading to a forest (109 per centimetre square) of nearly identical nanowires. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity for the nanowire ensembles was acquired through a highly sensitive 3ω measurement technique. The change in the thermal conductivity of nanowires is largely affected by the roughness in addition to the size effect due to enhanced boundary scattering. The major factor that influences the thermal conductivity was found to be the ratio of the rms roughness to the correlation length of the nanowire. With a high Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity at room temperature, the overall thermoelectric figure of merit ZT allows the consideration of such forests of nanowires as efficient potential building blocks of future TE devices., The authors acknowledge funding and support from the ANR project MESOPHON, the Laboratoire dexcellence LANEF in Grenoble (No. ANR-10-LABX-51-01), and from the ANRT. ECA, JJF and CMST acknowledge support from the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, Grant SEV-2017-0706) and funding from the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Funding from the Spanish Ministry MINECO/FEDER: FIS2015-70862-P PHENTOM is also acknowledged.
Published: 2019

33. From coalescing random walks on a torus to Kingman's coalescent

Author: J. Beltrán, Claudio Landim, E. Chavez, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Raphaël Salem (LMRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and ANR-15-CE40-0020,LSD,Modèles stochastiques en grande dimension pour la physique statistique hors équilibre(2015)
Subjects: Sequence, Markov chain, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Singleton, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Torus, Random walk, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Coalescent theory, Exponential function, Combinatorics, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], 010306 general physics, Random variable, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Probability, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Mathematics
Abstract: Let $${\mathbb T}^d_N$$, $$d\ge 2$$, be the discrete d-dimensional torus with $$N^d$$ points. Place a particle at each site of $${\mathbb T}^d_N$$ and let them evolve as independent, nearest-neighbor, symmetric, continuous-time random walks. Each time two particles meet, they coalesce into one. Denote by $$C_N$$ the first time the set of particles is reduced to a singleton. Cox (Ann Probab 17:1333–1366, 1989) proved the existence of a time-scale $$\theta _N$$ for which $$C_N/\theta _N$$ converges to the sum of independent exponential random variables. Denote by $$Z^N_t$$ the total number of particles at time t. We prove that the sequence of Markov chains $$(Z^N_{t\theta _N})_{t\ge 0}$$ converges to the total number of partitions in Kingman’s coalescent.
Published: 2019

34. Graphene for sensing ion channels in neuron networks

Author: Alessandro Cresti, Farida Veliev, Dipankar Kalita, Antoine Bourrier, Tiphaine Belloir, Anne Briançon-Marjollet, Mireille Albrieux, Stephan Roche, Vincent Bouchiat, cecile delacour, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (TPS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), HP2, Pole Biol CHU Grenoble (INSERM, U1042), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), and Nanonets2Sense
Subjects: [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: session 2Db; International audience
Published: 2018

35. Atomic-Scale Determination of Cation Inversion in Spinel-Based Oxide Nanoparticles

Author: Lluís López-Conesa, Josep Nogués, Pau Torruella, Michael Walls, Javier Blanco-Portals, Alicia Ruiz-Caridad, Alejandro G. Roca, Francesca Peiró, Alberto López-Ortega, Sònia Estradé, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), LENS-MIND-IN2UB, Departement d'Electronica, Université de Barcelonne, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Torruella, Pau [0000-0002-6864-4000], Roca, Alejandro G. [0000-0001-6610-9197], López-Ortega, Alberto [0000-0003-3440-4444], Blanco-Portals, Javier [0000-0002-7037-269X], López-Conesa, Lluís [0000-0003-1456-079X], Torruella, Pau, Roca, Alejandro G., López-Ortega, Alberto, Blanco-Portals, Javier, and López-Conesa, Lluís
Subjects: Materials science, EELS, Analytical chemistry, Oxide, Spinel, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, General Materials Science, Core−shell, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Core-shell, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Cation inversion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Magnetic nanoparticles, engineering, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The atomic structure of nanoparticles can be easily determined by transmission electron microscopy. However, obtaining atomic-resolution chemical information about the individual atomic columns is a rather challenging endeavor. Here, crystalline monodispersed spinel Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core–shell nanoparticles have been thoroughly characterized in a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements performed with atomic resolution allow the direct mapping of the Mn2+/Mn3+ ions in the shell and the Fe2+/Fe3+ in the core structure. This enables a precise understanding of the core–shell interface and of the cation distribution in the crystalline lattice of the nanoparticles. Considering how the different oxidation states of transition metals are reflected in EELS, two methods of performing a local evaluation of the cation inversion in spinel lattices are introduced. Both methods allow the determination of the inversion parameter in the iron oxide core and manganese oxide shell, as well as detecting spatial variations in this parameter, with atomic resolution. X-ray absorption measurements on the whole sample confirm the presence of cation inversion. These results present a significant advance toward a better correlation of the structural and functional properties of nanostructured spinel oxides., The authors acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the projects MAT2016-77391-R and MAT2016-79455-P/FEDER (UE). This work has also been carried out in the framework of the projects 2017-SGR-292 and 2017-SGR-776 from the Generalitat de Catalunya. A.L.O. acknowledges the MINECO through the Juan de la Cierva Program (IJCI-2014-21530). M.W. acknowledges the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 312483-ESTEEM2. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 also acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, grant SEV-2013-0295).
Published: 2018

36. Electrical and Thermal Transport in Coplanar Polycrystalline Graphene-hBN Heterostructures

Author: Miguel Pruneda, Aron W. Cummings, Bohayra Mortazavi, J.E. Barrios-Vargas, Luciano Colombo, Stephan Roche, Timon Rabczuk, Rafael Martinez-Gordillo, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Structural Mechanics [Weimar] (ISM), Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, European Commission, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Chemical vapour deposition, Materials science, Thermal properties, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Grain boundary, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Thermal conductivity, law, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Polycrystalline graphene, Chemical vapor deposition, General Materials Science, Sheet resistance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Thermoelectrics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Grain size, 0104 chemical sciences, Boron nitride, Electrical properties, Crystallite, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We present a theoretical study of electronic and thermal transport in polycrystalline heterostructures combining graphene (G) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grains of varying size and distribution. By increasing the hBN grain density from a few percent to 100%, the system evolves from a good conductor to an insulator, with the mobility dropping by orders of magnitude and the sheet resistance reaching the MΩ regime. The Seebeck coefficient is suppressed above 40% mixing, while the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline hBN is found to be on the order of 30-120 Wm K. These results, agreeing with available experimental data, provide guidelines for tuning G-hBN properties in the context of two-dimensional materials engineering. In particular, while we proved that both electrical and thermal properties are largely affected by morphological features (e.g., by the grain size and composition), we find in all cases that nanometer-sized polycrystalline G-hBN heterostructures are not good thermoelectric materials., J.E.B.-V. acknowledges support from CONACyT (Mexico, D.F.). This work was supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 604391 Graphene Flagship (R.M.G.). S.R. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding (MAT2012-33911), the Secretaria de Universidades e Investigacion del Departamento de Economia y Conocimiento de la Generalidad de Cataluna, and the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO SEV-2013-0295). M.P. and L.C. acknowledge Spanish MINECO (FIS2015-64886-C5-3-P) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR301). B.M. and T.R. greatly acknowledge the financial support by European Research Council for COMBAT project (grant no. 615132).
Published: 2017

37. Direct evidence for an interdiffused intermediate layer in bi-magnetic core–shell nanoparticles

Author: Sònia Estradé, Philippe Sainctavit, Amélie Juhin, Marta Estrader, Claire Carvallo, Josep Nogués, Marcin Sikora, Alberto López-Ortega, Pieter Glatzel, Francesca Peiró, Maria Dolors Baró, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), INSTM, INSTM and Dipartimento di Chimica 'U. Schiff, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Departament de Quimica Inorganica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Micronanotecnologies i nanoscòpies per dispositius electrònics i fotònics [Spain] (LENS, MIND-IN2UB), TEM-MAT, CCiT Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, TEM-MAT, CCiT, Universitat de Barcelona, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), LENS-MIND-IN2UB, Departement d'Electronica, Université de Barcelonne, and Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
Subjects: Intermediate layers, Shell (structure), Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Magnetic circular dichroisms, Core-shell nanoparticles, Manganès, General Materials Science, Internal structure, Spectroscopy, Manganese, Nanopartícules, Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, Scattering, Magnetic circular dichroism, Chemistry, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Chemical selectivity, Espectroscòpia, Spectrum analysis, 3. Good health, Morphological parameters, Magnetic core, Chemical physics, Transmission electron microscopy, Nanoparticles, Spectroscopic probes, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.-- et al., Core–shell nanoparticles attract continuously growing interest due to their numerous applications, which are driven by the possibility of tuning their functionalities by adjusting structural and morphological parameters. However, despite the critical role interdiffused interfaces may have in the properties, these are usually only estimated in indirect ways. Here we directly evidence the existence of a 1.1 nm thick (Fe,Mn)3O4 interdiffused intermediate shell in nominally γ-Fe2O3–Mn3O4 core–shell nanoparticles using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy combined with magnetic circular dichroism (RIXS-MCD). This recently developed magneto-spectroscopic probe exploits the unique advantages of hard X-rays (i.e., chemical selectivity, bulk sensitivity, and low self-absorption at the K pre-edge) and can be advantageously combined with transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to quantitatively elucidate the buried internal structure of complex objects. The detailed information on the structure of the nanoparticles allows understanding the influence of the interface quality on the magnetic properties., This work has been supported by the 2014-SGR-1015 and 2009-SGR-35 projects of the Generalitat de Catalunya, by the MAT2010-20616-C02 and MAT2010-16407 projects of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). MS acknowledges support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. ME acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Juan de la Cierva Program. MDB acknowledges partial financial support from an ICREA-Academia Award.
Published: 2014

38. Vibrational transition rule during a through-bond electron transfer process

Author: Mikael Kepenekian, Serge Monturet, Christian Joachim, Roberto Robles, Nicolás Lorente, Groupe NanoSciences (CEMES-GNS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Commission, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Quantum phase transition, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Chemistry, Selection rule, Oscillation, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, Transition of state, 02 engineering and technology, transition rule, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electron transfer, 03 medical and health sciences, Tunnel junction, Molecular vibration, vibrational coupling, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, education, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The transition rule governing the inelastic excitations of molecular vibrations occurring during a molecular through-state electron transfer process is presented. Using an effective Hamiltonian model, it is shown that the quantum time oscillation of the intermediate electronic state population triggers this transition. Its corresponding quantum oscillation frequency has to be equal to a quantum of vibration. This transition rule is extended to the full spectrum of a quantum vibrator. This new transition rule is expected to be robust when electronically coupling the molecule to the metallic pads of a voltage-biased tunnel junction. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., This work has been supported by the ICT-FET European Union Integrated Project AtMol (http://www.atmol.eu).
Published: 2013

39. Surface-State Engineering for Interconnects on H-Passivated Si(100)

Author: Roberto Robles, Nicolás Lorente, Christian Joachim, Mikael Kepenekian, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Groupe NanoSciences (CEMES-GNS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), European Commission, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Dimer, Nanowire, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Silicon interconnects, DFT, 01 natural sciences, Monatomic ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Interconnection, Condensed matter physics, Nanowires, Electron transport, Mechanical Engineering, Dangling bond, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Zigzag, chemistry, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Surface-state engineering strategies for atomic-size interconnects on H-passivated Si(100) surfaces are explored. The well-known simple interconnect formed by removing H-atoms from one of the Si atoms per dimer of a dimer row along the Si(100) surface is poorly conducting. This is because one-dimensional-like instabilities open electronic gaps. Here, we explore two strategies to reduce the instabilities: spacing the dangling bonds with H atoms and changing the geometry by increasing the lateral size of the wires. The resulting wires are evaluated using density functional theory. Surprisingly, zigzag dangling-bond wires attain atomically confined conduction properties comparable with the conduction of free-standing metallic monatomic wires. These results hint at band-engineering strategies for the development of electronically driven nanocircuits. © 2013 American Chemical Society., The authors acknowledge financial support from the European-Union Integrated Project AtMol (http://www.atmol.eu).
Published: 2013

40. A Correction to the Hydrodynamic Limit of Boundary Driven Weakly Asymmetric Exclusion Processes in a Quasi-Static Time Scale

Author: E. Chavez, Claudio Landim, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Raphaël Salem (LMRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Subjects: Physics, Scale (ratio), Boundary (topology), Order (ring theory), Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Interval (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], 010104 statistics & probability, 0103 physical sciences, External field, Limit (mathematics), 0101 mathematics, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Quasistatic process, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematical physics
Abstract: We consider a one-dimensional, weakly asymmetric, boundary driven exclusion process on the interval $[0,N]\cap {\mathbb Z}$ in the quasi-static time scale $N^2 \epsilon ^{-1}_N$, where $1\ll \epsilon ^{-1}_N \ll N^{1/4}$. We assume that the external field and the chemical potentials, which fix the density at the boundaries, evolve smoothly in the macroscopic time scale. We derive an equation which describes the evolution of the density up to the order $\epsilon _N$.
Published: 2016

41. Noncontact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory studies of the (2×2) reconstructions of the polar AlN(0001) surface

Author: Chaumeton, Florian, Robles, Roberto, Pruneda, Miguel, Lorente, Nicolás, Eydoux, Benoit, Bouju, Xavier, Gauthier, Sébastien, Martrou, David, Groupe NanoSciences (CEMES-GNS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Calcul en Midi-Pyrénées, and European Commission
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics]
Abstract: Combined experimental and theoretical studies permit us to determine new protocols for growing by molecular beam epitaxy the technologically interesting N-rich aluminum nitride (AlN) surfaces. This is achieved by dosing the precursor gases at unusually low rates. With the help of calculated structures by using density functional theory and Boltzmann distribution of the reconstructed cells, we proposed to assign the measured surface obtained with a growth rate of 10 nm/h to a (2×2) reconstructed surface involving one additional N atom per unit cell. These N-rich AlN surfaces could open new routes to dope AlN layers with important implications in high-power and temperature technological applications., This work is supported by the European Commission within the projects AtMol (Contract No. ICT-270028) and PAMS (Contract No. ICT-610446). Part of the calculation was performed using High Performance Computing resources from the Calcul in Midi-Pyrenees (CALMIP) facilities (Grant No. 2011-[P0832]).
Published: 2016

42. Graphene with enhanced spin-orbit coupling: Multiple quantum phases

Author: Cresti, Alessandro, Van Tuan, Dinh, Soriano, David, Cummings, Aron W., Roche, Stephan, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Cresti, Alessandro, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GDRi Graphene & Co, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: session poster; International audience
Published: 2015

43. Theoretical insights into multibandgap hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications

Author: Jacky Even, Daniel Sapori, Laurent Pedesseau, Alain Rolland, Mikael Kepenekian, Roberto Robles, Shijian Wang, Yong Huang, Alexandre Beck, Olivier Durand, C. Katan, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: solar cell, rashba, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, hybrid perovskite, tandem, silicon, dielectric, 7. Clean energy
Abstract: International audience; This paper reviews some of the recent theoretical investigations on the Rashba Dresselhaus spin effects and dielectric properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 hybrid perovskites and CsPbI 3 all-inorganic perovskites using Density functional theory. The spin vectors rotate in the non-centrosymmetric P4mm tetragonal phase, respectively clockwise and counterclockwise, in a manner that is characteristic of a pure Rashba effect. The high frequency dielectric constants ε ∞ of MAPbI 3 and CsPbI 3 are similar as anticipated, since large differences are only expected at very low frequency where additional contributions from molecular reorientations show off for the hybrid compounds. A first simulation of a perovskite on silicon tandem cell, including a tunnel junction, is also investigated. Effect of halogen substitution (I/Br) is inspected, revealing limitations for short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage electrical characteristics.
Published: 2015

44. 3D hierarchical assembly of ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes on silicon nanowires for high performance micro-supercapacitors in Li- doped ionic liquid

Author: Pascal Gentile, Pedro Gómez-Romero, David Aradilla, Jan Wimberg, Saïd Sadki, Gérard Bidan, Deepak P. Dubal, Thomas J. S. Schubert, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Polymères Conducteurs Ioniques (PCI), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), European Project: 309143,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2012-1-2STAGE,NEST(2012), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Silicon, Materials science, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Energy-Storage, Nanotechnology, Electrolyte, All-Solid-State, Electrochemical Capacitors, 7. Clean energy, Article, Wafer, Fiber, Electrodes, Films, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Supercapacitor, Multidisciplinary, Doping, Oxide, Conversion, Carbon, Porous, chemistry, Electrode, Mesoporous material
Abstract: Building of hierarchical core-shell hetero-structures is currently the subject of intensive research in the electrochemical field owing to its potential for making improved electrodes for high-performance micro-supercapacitors. Here we report a novel architecture design of hierarchical MnO2@silicon nanowires (MnO2@SiNWs) hetero-structures directly supported onto silicon wafer coupled with Li-ion doped 1-Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide (PMPyrrBTA) ionic liquids as electrolyte for micro-supercapacitors. A unique 3D mesoporous MnO2@SiNWs in Li-ion doped IL electrolyte can be cycled reversibly across a voltage of 2.2 V and exhibits a high areal capacitance of 13 mFcm−2. The high conductivity of the SiNWs arrays combined with the large surface area of ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes are responsible for the remarkable performance of these MnO2@SiNWs hetero-structures which exhibit high energy density and excellent cycling stability. This combination of hybrid electrode and hybrid electrolyte opens up a novel avenue to design electrode materials for high-performance micro-supercapacitors.
Published: 2015

45. An innovative 3-D nanoforest heterostructure made of polypyrrole coated silicon nanotrees for new high performance hybrid micro-supercapacitors

Author: Pedro Gómez-Romero, Gérard Bidan, Pascal Gentile, Jan Wimberg, Saïd Sadki, Maxime Boniface, Deepak P. Dubal, Thomas J. S. Schubert, Dorian Gaboriau, David Aradilla, Polymères Conducteurs Ioniques (PCI), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), European Project: 309143,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2012-1-2STAGE,NEST(2012), European Commission, Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), Ministère de la Défense (France), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Electrochemical Energy-Storage, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Capacitors, 010402 general chemistry, Polypyrrole, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fabrication, Ultracapacitors, Devices, General Materials Science, Arrays, Electrodes, Films, Supercapacitor, Conductive polymer, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Nanowires, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In this work, an innovative 3-D symmetric micro-supercapacitor based on polypyrrole (PPy) coated silicon nanotree (SiNTr) hybrid electrodes has been fabricated. First, SiNTrs were grown on silicon substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and then via an electrochemical method, the conducting polymer coating was deposited onto the surface of SiNTr electrodes. This study illustrates the excellent electrochemical performance of a hybrid micro-supercapacitor device using the synergistic combination of both PPy as the electroactive pseudo-capacitive material and branched SiNWs as the electric double layer capacitive material in the presence of an aprotic ionic liquid (N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; PYR13TFSI) as the electrolyte. The hybrid device exhibited a specific capacitance as high as ∼14 mF cm−2 and an energy density value of ∼15 mJ cm−2 at a wide cell voltage of 1.5 V using a high current density of 1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, a remarkable cycling stability after thousands of galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles with a loss of approximately 30% was obtained. The results reported in this investigation demonstrated that PPy coated SiNTr-based micro-supercapacitors exhibit the best performances among hybrid micro-supercapacitors made of silicon nanowire electrodes grown by CVD in terms of specific capacitance and energy density., This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Program for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under Grant agreement no. 309143 (2012–2015). Dorian Gaboriau thanks the 'Délégation Générale pour l'Armament' (DGA) and the CEA for financial support.
Published: 2015

46. Rashba and Dresselhaus Effects in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites: From Basics to Devices

Author: Daniel Sapori, Jacky Even, Roberto Robles, Claudine Katan, Laurent Pedesseau, Mikael Kepenekian, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work has been supported by Cellule Energie du CNRS (SOLHYBTRANS Project) and University of Rennes 1 (Action Incitative, Défis Scientifiques Emergents 2015). J.E.'s work is supported by the Fondation d'entreprises banque Populaire de l'Ouest under Grant PEROPHOT 2015. ICN2 acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, Grant SEV-2013-0295)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, nanostructure, spin-orbit, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, DFT, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, spin-FET, Photovoltaics, Electric field, Lattice (order), General Materials Science, perovskite, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Perovskite (structure), Spintronics, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, General Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ferroelectricity, 0104 chemical sciences, ferroelectric, Density functional theory, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology, business, Rashba
Abstract: J.E. and C.K. thank R. Winkler for fruitful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. R.-G.Xiong for providing Bz2PbCl4 crystallographic data.; International audience; We use symmetry analysis, density functional theory calculations, and k·p modeling to scrutinize Rashba and Dresselhaus effects in hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. These perovskites are at the center of a recent revolution in the field of photovoltaics but have also demonstrated potential for optoelectronic applications such as transistors and light emitters. Due to a large spin-orbit coupling of the most frequently used metals, they are also predicted to offer a promising avenue for spin-based applications. With an in-depth inspection of the electronic structures and bulk lattice symmetries of a variety of systems, we analyze the origin of the spin splitting in two- and three-dimensional hybrid perovskites. It is shown that low-dimensional nanostructures made of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br) lead to spin splittings that can be controlled by an applied electric field. These findings further open the door for a perovskite-based spintronics.
Published: 2015

47. Spin density wave and superconducting properties of nanoparticle organic conductor assemblies

Author: Laurel Winter, Shermane M. Benjamin, Christophe Faulmann, Eden Steven, Lydie Valade, James S. Brooks, Imane Chtioui, Kane Jacob, Belén Ballesteros, Ju-Hyun Park, Dominique de Caro, Jordi Fraxedas, Los Alamos National Laboratory, State of Florida, Department of Energy (US), Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (France), National Science Foundation (US), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelone
Subjects: Superconductivity, Phase transition, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Diamagnetism, Spin density wave, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Crystallite, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Stoichiometry
Abstract: Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY).-- et al., The magnetic susceptibilities of nanoparticle assemblies of two Bechgaard salts (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTSF)2ClO4, have been studied vs temperature and magnetic field. In the bulk these materials exhibit a spin density wave formation (TSDW=12K) and superconductivity (Tc=1.2K), respectively. We show from inductive (susceptibility) measurements that the nanoparticle assemblies exhibit ground-state phase transitions similar to those of randomly oriented polycrystalline samples of the parent materials. Resistivity and diamagnetic shielding measurements yield additional information on the functional nanoparticle structure in terms of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric composition., This work was supported by NSF-DMR Grants No. 1005293 and No. 1309146, and the NHMFL is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. I.C. thanks the French Ministére de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) for a Ph.D. grant.
Published: 2015

48. SiNWs-based electrochemical double layer micro-supercapacitors with wide voltage window (4V) and long cycling stability using a protic ionic liquid electrolyte

Author: Pedro Gómez-Romero, Thomas J. S. Schubert, Gérard Bidan, Saïd Sadki, Boyan Iliev, Pascal Gentile, David Aradilla, Vanesa Ruiz, Jan Wimberg, Polymères Conducteurs Ioniques (PCI), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Project: 309143,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2012-1-2STAGE,NEST(2012), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Performance, Analytical chemistry, Ionic Liquids, Micro-Supercapacitors, Energy-Storage, Electrolyte, Capacitors, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Devices, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Deposition, Power density, Chemical Vapor, Supercapacitor, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Silicon Nanowires, Carbon, Dielectric spectroscopy, Surface, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Electrode, Ionic liquid, Doped Silicon Nanowires, Cyclic voltammetry
Abstract: International audience; The present work reports the use and application of a novel protic ionic liquid (triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; NEt3H TFSI) as an electrolyte for symmetric planar micro-supercapacitors based on silicon nanowire electrodes. The excellent performance of the device has been successfully demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization of this system exhibits a wide operative voltage of 4 V as well as an outstanding long cycling stability after millions of galvanostatic cycles at a high current density of 2 mA cm(-2). In addition, the electrochemical double layer micro-supercapacitor was able to deliver a high power density of 4 mW cm(-2) in a very short time pulses (a few ms). Our results could be of interest to develop prospective on-chip micro-supercapacitors using protic ionic liquids as electrolytes with high performance in terms of power and energy densities.
Published: 2015

49. Evaluation of Leakage Current in 1-D Silicon Dangling-Bond Wire Due to Dopants

Author: Roberto Robles, Mikael Kepenekian, Nicolás Lorente, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and X Baillin, C Joachim and G Poupon (eds)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Dopant, business.industry, Doping, Nanowire, Dangling bond, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor, Chemical bond, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Nanotechnology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Density functional theory, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Nanochemistry, Multicellular Systems
Abstract: International audience; Molecular devices will be contacted by systems with increasingly reduced dimensions. The device will need to be held somehow, possibly on a solid surface, and electronic currents will be addressed to the device via some kind of 1-D interconnect of atomic size. The fact that the device is posed on a surface brings in perturbations and eventually malfunctions of the device. Semiconducting surfaces have been deemed to be good candidates for this molecular technology because they have an electronic gap that prevents current losses from the device plus their surfaces are full of directional chemical bonds that make them ideal to hold a molecular device. However, semiconductors are generally doped, intentionally or unintentionally. Here, we summarized our findings on how destructive the presence of dopants is on the working parameters of a possible device. In fact, instead of a molecular device, we choose an ideal 1-D surface interconnect made out of Si dangling bonds in an otherwise passivated Si(100)-H surface. The current lost into a doped silicon substrate from a surface-supported nanowire is evaluated using transport calculations based on the density functional theory. We considered two concentration limits: either a single-dopant nearby the wire or a massively doped system. Both limits yield qualitatively similar results, stressing the strong perturbation that a single dopant can exert on an atomic-size wire. Our calculations permit us to conclude that n-doped Si will be less leaky than p-doped Si
Published: 2015

50. Unusual backscattering between quantum Hall edge states in CVD graphene

Author: Lafont, Fabien, Ribeiro-Palau, Rebeca, Han, Z., Cresti, Alessandro, Cummings, Aron W., Roche, Stephan, Bouchiat, Vincent, Ducourtieux, Sébastien, Schopfer, Félicien, Poirier, Wilfrid, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE ), Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), and Cresti, Alessandro
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

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