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Dietary fibers are components of plant material, extremely important in the diet, because they resist enzymatic digestion in the digestive tract, with a role in improving intestinal transit. Dietary fibers are mostly carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, and mucilages, but also non-carbohydrate. The presence in the daily diet of whole grains, nuts, vegetables, fruits and seeds positively affects health, because their consumption has been linked to the decrease in the incidence of several diseases. From a technological point of view, dietary fiber is added as a functional food ingredient in food products to provide water-holding capacity, viscosity, gel-forming capacity and fat-binding capacity to food products. These beneficial characteristics of dietary fiber components can enhance the image of products as healthy and functional foods. This article reviews the concept and definition of dietary fibers used in food production and their functional characteristics and health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pumpkin pulp (Curcubita maxima), from organic farming, is an extremely versatile product that can be a basic ingredient in obtaining gluten-free cookies. In this paper, a cookie was obtained using amaranth flour and pumpkin pulp in two forms: fresh and baked. Following the analyses, the aim was to obtain a product with appropriate characteristics. Dough with amaranth flour and pumpkin pulp is characterized by a good ability to bind the dough and retains its shape when pouring. In the sensory analysis of the gluten-free cookies with organic baked pumpkin obtained in the product testing phase, the taste was better appreciated. From the analysis of the average values it is observed that the products obtained with the basic ingredient prepared in advance (baked pumpkin) showed a more intense perception on the attributes of smell, taste and aftertaste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition and nutritional value of food products are determined both by the raw materials from which they come and by the contribution of auxiliary materials. These substances, for the most part, are added in order to improve some properties of the products. Respecting the legislation regarding the allowed limits of additives in food products, it is necessary to pay special attention in order to maintain the safety and health of the population. The generic term pectin includes polygalacturonic acids (acid polysaccharide) whose carboxylic groups are esterified in varying proportions with methyl alcohol and partially neutralized with calcium or magnesium ions. The specific properties of pectic substances, due to which they have uses in the food industry, are the gelling capacity and the stabilizing capacity of emulsions. Also, the gel does not show the phenomenon of syneresis, does not absorb moisture from the external environment and is resistant to sugaring. In our country, pectin is obtained industrially from apple pomace, a by-product resulting from obtaining juices and has multiple uses. The functional properties are largely determined by the degree of methoxylation of polygalacturonic acid, which determine the degree of esterification of this polysaccharic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population is very important. Regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. That minds that the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 177 Hucul horse from HROBY bloodline divided in 6 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina Hucul stood farm. The average performances for thoracic perimeter was 149.58 cm. at 18 months, 160.21 cm. at 30 months old and 166.97 cm. at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is another just part for an ample study regarding evolution of species from Cervidae family in Romania. The programme is developed in collaboration with Romanian Hunter's Federation. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the reality, to find causes and to elaborate long term strategies in direction of biodiversity conservation, especially for wild game. In the last years the Romanian hunters indicate that the number of roe deer population decreasing, because of intensive agriculture and also because of high number of predators (bear, wolf and lynx population). We analyze the official data from national evaluation of sedentary game in Calarasi County. Hunting territories in this area are managed by National Forest Authority, county associations of hunters and other associations for conservation of biodiversity and management of hunting territories. We analyse cervidae real livestock between by counties, by sexes, and in comparison with optimal livestock (maximal number of individuals who can leave in a hunting area, without causing damage to the agricultural fields or in the forest). Considering the new agricultural technics and technologies it is relatively normal to find a numerical depreciation of wild game. But for cervidae populations, in analysed period in Calarasi County, we find a good and representative population. The differences between what can be saw in hunting territories and what is reported was analyzed. We can say that the evaluation, the official evaluation, is not perfect and we must work together to know exactly the livestocks and to develop a long term strategy for conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population have a huge importance because, regarding a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. So, the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 91 Hucul horse from PIETROSU bloodline divided in 3 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina hucul stood farm. The average performances for cannon bone perimeter was 17.20 cm. at 18 months, 18.04 cm. at 30 months old and 18.63 cm. at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current trends for sheep breeders are in a close relation with the european or national financial support. In this case,this species deserve all this support on the characteristic market. In this study we try to put in a better light the performances of an autohtone sheep breed, Teleorman's Black Head sheep, analyzing the body mesurements. We analized all this performances as an average, because only in this way we can have a correct view of population. Ram's body weight was 87.8 ±1.98 kg with an CV%=9.57. Females body weight, in average, was 69.15 ± 0.19 kg with an CV%=5.62. The average performances for wither's height was 72.66±0.59 cm. Croup's height was 74.13±0.47 cm, and average performance for body length was recorded at 82.66±0.62cm. Thoracic perimether was 104.76±0.64 cm, and cannon bone perimeter 8.34±0.06 cm. Chest width had an average performance at 25.24±0.18 cm, and the croup's width at hips was 25.78±0.31 cm The head length was 28.7±0.19 cm, and the head width 17.32±0.10 cm. All this calculated values reveal us an hypermetric conformation with tendencies for brevimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of important ancestors give us information about breeding methodic in analized population (origins, selection on ascendants) and also about possibilities of breed evolution (small number of ancestors, maintaining the genetic similarity with remarkable ancestors or the preference for descendants of certain individuals, may lead to inbreeding and genetic drift).In pedigrees of Gidran horse, from Tulucesti studfarm, was identified 104 male ancestors. It was ordered by three criteria: the kinship with sire stallions, the relationship with brood mares, and with the population, as a whole (reproductive nucleus, stallions and mares) at that time. The results highlight the fact that the kinship share of male ascendants in the population is between 0% and 19.46%. Eight stallions have a higher genetic resemblance to the population, ranging from 15.84% to 19.46%. The relatively small differences between sire stallions reveal concerns for maintaining a large number of males, necessary to avoid inbreeding and to ensure a normal population evolution under reproductive isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of tumbling time (0-9 hours) on quality characteristics of cooked pork meat processed with 30% and 40% injection level was investigated. The properties of injected and tumbled meat were determined by measuring processing characteristics (tumbling yield, cooked yield, expressed moisture), color and textural characteristics (shear force, texture profile analysis). The increase of the tumbling time up to 9 hours favorably affected hydration properties and increased the cooked yield. It also decreased the shear force and hardness of the samples. None of the techniques utilized did affect the chromatic components (p>0.05) of the samples, however there were differences between samples regarding the injection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]