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2. HEMORHEOLOGICAL MODELS APPLIED TO DATA ANALYSIS IN GROUPS OF PATIENTS AND IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS

Author

N. ANTONOVA, V. PASKOVA, I. VELCHEVA, and E. ZVETKOVA

Subjects
Biomedical Engineering
Abstract

An overview of some mathematical models describing the rheological behavior of blood is done. Several known models were used to describe the non-Newtonian rheological properties of blood. The parameters of two of the simplest models — the power law and the Herschel–Bulkley law were used to analyze the differences between the microrheological and micromechanical characteristics of blood in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and in healthy subjects. The experiments were carried out with Low Shear 30 (LS 30) Contraves viscometer in a wide range of shear rates. All experimental data were statistically processed using the Mann–Whitney U-test for intergroup comparison of independent variables, as well as the t-test. The Statistica program was used for statistical processing. The results obtained are compared with the hemorheological models from other disease states.

Published
2023
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3. Biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in Aristichthys nobilis Rich. liver exposed to thiamethoxam

Author

S. Stoyanova, V. Yancheva, I. Iliev, T. Vasileva, V. Bivolarski, I. Velcheva, E. Georgieva, S. Stoyanova, V. Yancheva, I. Iliev, T. Vasileva, V. Bivolarski, I. Velcheva, and E. Georgieva

Abstract

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam on some biochemical, histological and histochemical parameters of bighead carp liver (Aristichthys nobilis), which is an economically important fish species for aquaculture. Materials and methods: Different increasing concentrations of 6.6 mg l-1, 10 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1 of the test chemical under laboratory conditions were tested for their toxicity on fish for 96. The hepatic activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were measured. In addition, the hepatic histological structure was observed for alterations, as well as the lipid content was observed by histochemical staining. Results: It was determined that the enzymatic activity of the exposed fish was increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was increased proportionally to the increasing thiamethoxam concentrations. The histological lesions, which were observed in the liver parenchyma, were degenerative and necrotic. The degenerative alterations were as follows: granular, balloon and fatty degeneration. The necrotic alterations in the fish liver were associated with presence of karyopyknosis, karyorrehsis and karyolysis, respectively. The histological alterations in the liver blood vessels were hyperemia and lymphocyte proliferation. Along with the established histological changes in the liver parenchyma, we found presence of fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes using Sudan III staining on cryostat sections. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a relation between the concentration of the insecticide and biochemical changes, as well the severity of expression of the histological and histochemical alterations in the bighead carp liver. Overall, such experiments could be successfully applied in research and monitoring programs to study the effects of pesticides on fish.

Published
2016

4. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. Titlbach, Alessandro Prelle, A. Czlonkowska, M. Russo, D. Hadjiev, T. S. Chkhikvishvili, M. Oehlschlager, G. Becker, I. Günther, E. N. Stenager, J. Garcia Agundez, J. Casademont, J. Batlle, S. Podobnik-Sarkanji, C. Alonso-Villaverde, B. Delaguillaume, B. Genc, B. Mazoyer, A. Rodriguez-Al-barino, Ch. Hilger, B. Ferrero, R. Price, W. Grisold, L. Fuhry, D. Oulbani, D. Ewing, A. Petkov, W. Walther, A. Gokyigit, John Newsom-Davis, J. Tayot, D. Seliak, G. Pelliccioni, D. Campagne, K. Kessler, F. Boureau, D. Perani, J. P. N'Guyen, N. Tchalucova, B. A. Antin-Ozerkis, C. Lacroix, B. D. Aronovich, I. H. Jenkins, E. A. dos Reis, M. Hortells, H. M. Meinck, H. Ch. Buschmann, S. C. J. M. Jacobs, T. Wetter, P. Creissard, N. Martinez, J. Weidenfeldl, H. J. Sturenburg, G. Damlacik, V. Gracia, J. C. Turpin, A. Pou-Serradell, J. P. Vincent, T. Gagoshidze, U. Ozkutlu, M. McLeod, K. Siegfried, I. Tchaoussoglou, J. Hildebrand, S. Kowalska, M. C. Picot, G. Galardin, L. Crevits, F. Andreetta, S. Larumbe-Lobalde, G. de la Sierra, J. C. Alvarez-Cermeno, R. J. Seitz, P. L. Oey, L. Ptacek, A. M. J. Paans, A. Wirrwar, A. Schmied, J. Uilchez, H. Tounsi, D. Hipola, V. Avoledo, Y. Hirata, P. Vermersch, T. M. Aisonobe, J. Valls-SoIè, H. Staunton, J. Dichgans, R. Karabudak, I. Dones, G. Porta, E. Janssens, Maria Martinez, J. M. Fernandez-Real, R. Villagra, Y. Yoshino, C. Kabus, K. Schimrigk, I. Girard-Buttaz, F. Piccoli, F. Aichner, P. Zuchegna, S. M. Al Deeb, F. Bono, N. Busquets, A. Jobert, Patrizia Ciscato, M. Martin, L. Polman, S. Darbra, V. Le Cam-Duchez, F. Baldissera, B. Baykan-Kurt, D. Guez, M. Bratoeva, H. Matsui, M. Mila, H. Perron, L. Bjorge, G. Husby, Steven T. DeKosky, D. R. Cornblath, J. M. Gabriel, J. J. Poza, Y. Wu, A. Toscano, R. P. Kleyweg, J. Kuhnen, S. O. Confort-Gouny, A. Barcelo, A. M. Conti, C. Fiol, C. Steichen-Wiehn, J. Rodes, M. Cavenaile, C. Vedeler, M. Drlicek, C. Argentino, M. L. Peris, A. Cervello, A. Z. GinaÏ, S. Yancheva, D. Passingham, S. Aoba, D. L. Lopez, T. Rechlin, K. Sonka, L. Grazzi, V. Folnegovic-Smalc, Maurizio Moggio, S. Rivaud, F. G. I. Jennekens, C. H. Hartard, H. Meierkord, G. Stocklin, M. D. Catala, W. C. McKay, E. Salmon, C. Navarro, I. Pastor, L. Canafoglia, M. De Braekeleer, P. K. Thomas, C. Mocellini, C. Pierre-Jerome, M. C. Dalakas, P. Pollak, M. Levivier, Niall Quinn, G. E. Rivolta, Z. Tunca, H. Zeumer, J. Garcia Tena, St. Guily, P. Gaudray, Johannes Kornhuber, V. Petrunjashev, R. Montesanti, R. J. Abbott, H. Petit, G. Kiteva-Trencevska, F. Carletto, C. Ramo, I. M. Pino, P. Beau, G. F. Mennuni, F. Moschian, F. Meneghini, B. Zdziarska, B. Fontaine, C. Stephens, G. Meco, K. Reiners, G. Badlan, M. Sessa, I. Degaey, S. M. Hassan, C. Albani, F. Caroeller, M. Schroeder, G. Savettieri, A. Novelletto, R. Kurita, P. Oschmann, I. Plaza, M. Oliveres, Simone Spuler, A. Molins, M. Schwab, J. R. Kalden, C. P. Gennaula, Y. Baklan, O. Picard, J. M. Léger, B. Mokri, E. Ghidoni, M. Jacob, D. Deplanque, W. JÄnisch, C. 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Katiane EmbiruÇu, E. M. Wicklein, K. Willmes, L. Hanoglu, J. F. Pellissier, Yves Agid, E. Cuadrado, S. Brock, D. Maimone, Z. G. Nadareishvili, E. Matta, S. Hilmi, V. Assuerus, F. Lomena, R. Springer, F. Cabrera-Valdivia, Oscar L. Lopez, M. Casazza, F. Vivancos, Ralf Gold, T. Crawford, B. Moulard, M. Poisson, W. l. McDonald, D. E. Grobbe, Alan Connelly, H. Ozcan, S. Abeta, H. Severo Ochoa, A. C. van Loenen, E. Libson, M. J. Marti, B. George, C. Ferrarese, B. Jacobs, L. Divano, T. Ben-Hur, A. L. Bootsma, V. Martinez, A. Conti, R. P. Maguire, B. Schmidt, D. M. Campos, D. A. Guzman, E. Meary, C. Richart, P. B. Christensen, T. Schroeder, Massimo Zeviani, K. Jensen, R. Aliaga, S. Seitz-Dertinger, J. W. Griffin, C. Fryze, H. Baas, S. Braun, A. M. Porrini, B. Yemez, M. J. Sedano, C. Creisson, A. Del Santo, A. Mainz, R. Kay, S. Livraghi, R. de Waal, D. Macgregor, H. Hefter, R. Garghentino, U. Ruotsalainen, M. Matsumoto, M. G. Beaudry, P. M. Morrison, J. C. Petit, C. Walon, Ph. Chemouilli, F. Henderson, R. Massa, A. Cruz Martinez, U. Liska, F. Hecht, Ernst Holler, V. S. de Bruin, B. B. Sheitman, S. M. Bentzen, C. Bayindir, F. Pallesta, P. E. Roland, J. Parrilla, P. Zunker, L. F. Burchinskaya, G. Mellino, S. Ben Ayed, D. Bonneau, P. Nowacki, M. Goncalves, P. Riederer, N. Mavroudakis, J. Togores, L. Rozewicz, S. Robeck, Y. Perez Gilabert, L. Rampello, A. Rogopoulos, S. Martinez, F. Schildermans, C. Radder, P. B. Hedlund, J. Cambier, M. Aabed, G. D. Jackson, P. Gasparini, P. Santacruz, J. Vandevivere, H. Dural, A. Mantel, W. Dorndorf, N. Ediboglu, A. Lofgren, J. Bogousslavsky, P. Thierauf, L. Goullard, R. Maserati, B. Moering, M. Ryba, J. Serra, G. G. Govan, A. Pascual-Leone, S. Schaeffer, M. R. Rosenfeld, A. P. Correia, K. Ray Chaudhuri, L. Campbell, R. Spreafico, B. Genetet, A. M. Tantot, R. A. G. Hughes, J. A. Vidal, G. Erkol, J. Y. Delattre, B. Yaqub, B. K. Hecht, E. Mayayo, Ph. Scheltens, J. Corral, M. Calaf, L. Henderson, C. Y. Li, U. Bogdahn, R. Sanchez-Roy, M. Navasa, J. Ballabriga, G. Broggi, T. Gudeva, C. Rose, J. Vion-Dury, J. A. Gastaut, J. Pniewski, Nicola J. Robertson, G. Kohncke, M. Billot, S. Gok, E. Castellli, F. Denktas, P. Bazzi, F. Spinelli, I. F. Moseley, C. D. Mardsen, B. Barbiroli, O. M. Koriech, A. Miller, Hiroaki Yoshikawa, F. X. Borruat, J. Zielasek, P. Le Coz, J. Pascual, A. Drouet, L. T. Giron, F. Schondube, R. Midgard, M. Alizadeh, M. Liguori, Lionel Ginsberg, L. Harms, C. Tilgner, G. Tognoni, F. Molteni, Mar Tintoré, M. Psylla, C. Goulon-Goeau, M. V. Aguilar, Massimo Filippi, K. H. Mauritz, Thomas V. Fernandez, C. Basset, S. Rossi, P. Meneses, B. Jandolo, T. Locatelli, D. Shechtcr, C. Magnani, R. Ferri, Bruno Dubois, J. M. Warier, S. Berges, F. Idiman, M. Schabet, R. R. Diehl, P. D'aurelio, M. Musior, Reinhard Hohlfeld, P. Smeyers, M. Olivé, A. Riva, C. A. Broere, N. Egund, S. Franceschetti, V. Bonavita, Nicola Canal, E. Timmermans, M. Ruiz, S. Barrandon, G. Vasilaski, B. Deweer, L. Galiano, S. F. T. M. de Bruijn, L. Masana, A. Goossens, B. Heye, K. Lauer, Heinz Gregor Wieser, Stephen R. Williams, B. Garavaglia, A. P. Sempere, F. Grigoletto, P. Poindron, R. Lopez-Pajares, I. Leite, T. A. McNell, C. Caucheteur, J. M. Giron, A. D. Collins, P. Freger, J. Sanhez Del Rio, D. A. Harn, K. Lindner, S. S. Scherer, G. Serve, M. Juncadella, X. Estivill, R. Binkhorst, M. Anderson, B. Tekinsoy, C. Sagan, T. Anastopoulos, G. Japaridze, S. Guillou, F. Erminio, Jon Sussman, P. G. Oomes, D. S. Rust, S. Mascheroni, O. Berger, M. Peresson, K. V. Toyka, T. W. Polder, M. Huberman, B. Arpaci, H. Ramtami, I. Martinez, Ph. Violon, P. P. Gazzaniga Pozzill, R. Ruda, P. Auzou, J. Parker, S. P. Morrissey, Jiahong Zhu, F. Rotondi, P. Baron, W. Schmid, P. Doneda, M. Spadaro, M. C. Nargeot, I. Banchs, J.S.P. van den Berg, R. Ferrai, M. Robotti, M. Fredj, Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz, B. Erne, D. G. Piepgras, M. C. Arne-Bes, J. Escudero, C. Goetz, A. R. Naylor, M. Hallett, O. Abramsky, E. Bonifacio, L. E. Larsson, R. Pellikka, P. Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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5. Hemorheological disturbances and cognitive function in patients with cerebrovascular disease

Author

I, Velcheva and G, Nikolova

Subjects
Adult, Male, Fibrinogen, Cerebral Infarction, Middle Aged, Blood Viscosity, Stroke, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cognition, Hematocrit, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Hemorheology, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

The aim of the study was to follow the relationship of the hemorheological variables with the cognitive functions in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The patient material comprised 117 patients with CVD, distributed in two main groups: 44 with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 73 with chronic cerebral infarctions (CCI), 48 of them being unilateral (UCI) and 25 bilateral (BCI). Additional relative distribution according to the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) values or to the presence of pathological asymmetries of the hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) was made. The main hemorheological variables: hematocrit (Ht), fibrinogen (Fib) and plasma viscosity (PV) were examined. The cognitive functions were assessed with a psychological test battery for evaluation of the general cognitive state, the nonverbal intellect, the episodic memory, the selective attention and the executive functions. The hemorheological investigation revealed predominant increase of PV. The results of all neuropsychological tests showed significant impairment in the patients with CCI in comparison to TIAs. Fibrinogen correlated best with the psychological parameters. Its increase was associated with disturbance of the nonverbal intellect and the general cognitive capacity in the patients with CCI and BCI. In the presence of lower MABP or lack of pathological asymmetries the correlations of Fib and PV with the psychological scores predominated. The results of our study reveal distinct association between the blood rheological properties and the cognitive functions in the patients with ischemic CVD, which is probably based not only on vascular but also on other nonvascular mechanisms.

Published
2008

6. Hemorheological disturbances and characteristic parameters in patients with cerebrovascular disease

Author

N, Antonova and I, Velcheva

Subjects
Erythrocyte Indices, Male, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hematocrit, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Hemorheology, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Blood Viscosity
Abstract

Whole blood and plasma viscosity were measured of 90 patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 56 healthy individuals by Couette rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30 at a steady flow. Plasma viscosity was measured with capillary viscometer of Ubbelohde type. Two subgroups of patients were investigated: 23 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 67 patients with chronic cerebral infarctions (CCI). They were compared with two control groups: 56 healthy individuals without risk factors for stroke and 37 randomly selected subjects with risk factors for stroke. It is established significant elevation of plasma viscosity in the patients with cerebral ischemia. The elevation of blood viscosity was most pronounced at shear rate of 94.5 s(-1). This comparison is confirmed by the criterion, using blood rigidity number h defined by the formula of Whittington and Harkness. Conclusion is drawn from our study that chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders are characterized with chronic hyperviscosity.

Published
2000

9. Assessment of trace and macroelement accumulation in cyprinid juveniles as bioindicators of aquatic pollution: effects of diets and habitat preferences.

Author

Nyeste K, Zulkipli N, Uzochukwu IE, Somogyi D, Nagy L, Czeglédi I, Harangi S, Baranyai E, Simon E, Nagy SA, Velcheva I, Yancheva V, and Antal L

Subjects
Animals, Environmental Monitoring methods, Diet, Gills metabolism, Rivers, Water Pollution analysis, Ecosystem, Cyprinidae metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Trace Elements analysis, Trace Elements metabolism
Abstract

Juveniles of three cyprinids with various diets and habitat preferences were collected from the Szamos River (Hungary) during a period of pollution in November 2013: the herbivorous, benthic nase (Chondrostoma nasus), the benthivorous, benthic barbel (Barbus barbus), and the omnivorous, pelagic chub (Squalius cephalus). Our study aimed to assess the accumulation of these elements across species with varying diets and habitat preferences, as well as their potential role in biomonitoring efforts. The Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn concentration was analyzed in muscle, gills, and liver using MP-AES. The muscle and gill concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn increased with trophic level. At the same time, several differences were found among the trace element patterns related to habitat preferences. The trace elements, including Cd, Pb, and Zn, which exceeded threshold concentrations in the water, exhibited higher accumulations mainly in the muscle and gills of the pelagic chub. Furthermore, the elevated concentrations of trace elements in sediments (Cr, Cu, Mn) demonstrated higher accumulation in the benthic nase and barbel. Our findings show habitat preference as a key factor in juvenile bioindicator capability, advocating for the simultaneous use of pelagic and benthic juveniles to assess water and sediment pollution status., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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10. Local carotid stiffness, hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions.

Author

Velcheva I, Antonova N, Kmetski T, Tsonevska G, Stambolieva K, Alexandrova A, and Bechev B

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Carotid Artery, Common physiopathology, Carotid Artery, Common diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery, Common pathology, Pulse Wave Analysis, Carotid Arteries physiopathology, Carotid Arteries diagnostic imaging, Blood Viscosity physiology, Vascular Stiffness physiology, Hemodynamics physiology, Stroke, Lacunar physiopathology, Stroke, Lacunar blood, Stroke, Lacunar diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Objective: The carotid stiffness is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular small vessel disease. Our study aimed to evaluate the relation of the local arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) to the hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions (LI)., Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic LI and 15 age-matched controls were examined. An ultrasound examination of the CCA intima-media thickness (IMT), the parameters of local CCA stiffness: distensibility (DC) and compliance coefficients (CC), α and β stiffness indices and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed. The local hemodynamic forces were calculated: circumferential wall tension (CWT) and wall shear stress (WSS). Whole blood viscosity (WBV) and shear stresses at shear rates of 0.277 s- 1 to 94.5 s- 1 were measured in patients and controls., Results: Higher values of IMT, a significant decrease of DC and CC and an increase of α and β stiffness indices and PWV in the LI patients compared to the controls were obtained. A parallel significant increase in CWT and a decrease in WSS was found. An increase in WBV and a significant increase in shear stresses were detected. In the LI patients, the increased stiffness indices were associated with an increase in age, cholesterol and WBV at higher shear rates in the left CCA. In the controls, the IMT and stiffness indices correlated significantly with the hemodynamic factors and WBV in both CCAs, while the stiffness indices correlated with the hemodynamic forces in the left CCA., Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate different associations of the local carotid stiffness indices with the hemodynamic forces and WBV in patients with LI and controls.

Published
2024
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11. Development of experimental microfluidic device and methodology for assessing microrheological properties of blood.

Author

Antonova N, Khristov K, Alexandrova A, Muravyov A, and Velcheva I

Subjects
Humans, Erythrocyte Deformability, Suspensions, Erythrocytes, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Microfluidics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

Background and Objective: Microfluidics is a useful tool for investigating blood microrheology. The study aimed to present the development of a microfluidic device for assessing the microrheological properties of blood cells' suspensions and its application in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM)., Methods: A new microfluidic device was elaborated, connected to a system, including a microscope with a digital camera, a pump with a manometer and a computer with specially developed software. Blood cells' suspensions were investigated in a microchamber between two parallel optical slides within a 100μm distance. The motion of the blood cells in the microchamber was observed by the microscope and it was recorded and visualized by a digital camera. A method for evaluating the deformability of blood cells and a device for its implementation were used [1]., Results: The pressure and flow rate ranges in the microfluidic device were specified by model suspensions of beta-ferroxy-hydroxide and red blood cells (RBC) suspensions. The pressure changes, realized by a pump (micropipette), connected to a manometer were established and the corresponding shear rates in the microfluidic device were determined. Data about the blood microrheological properties like RBC aggregation and deformability, leukocyte adhesion from a group of healthy volunteers and from patients with T2DM were obtained., Conclusions: The developed device and experimental system is a promising tool for the study of blood microrheology.

Published
2023
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12. Assessment of the exposure of two pesticides on common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758): Are the prolonged biomarker responses adaptive or destructive?

Author

Yancheva V, Georgieva E, Velcheva I, Iliev I, Stoyanova S, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Todorova-Bambaldokova D, Zulkipli N, Antal L, and Nyeste K

Subjects
Animals, Biomarkers, Ecosystem, Gills, Carps, Chlorpyrifos toxicity, Pesticides toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP) are two insecticides that have a proven negative effect on non-target aquatic organisms when they enter the surface waters. However, literature on the comparative effects of these pesticides on important aquaculture fish species, such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) is not yet scientifically detailed, especially over the long-term. The idea of conducting a long-term exposure is to find out how the observed biomarkers would change compared to the short-term exposure. In the natural environment, toxicants are not present alone, but in combination. By monitoring the long-term impact of individual substances, the state of aquatic ecosystems exposed to various toxicants could be predicted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations of CYP (0.0002, 0.0003, and 0.0006 μg/L) and CPF (0.03, 0.05, and 0.10 μg/L) in 50-L glass tanks on C. carpio, exposed for 30 days under laboratory conditions. A set of histological and biochemical biomarkers in the gills and liver were applied with the chemical analyses of water and fish organs. Furthermore, the condition and hepatosomatic index were calculated to assess the physiological status of the treated carps. The behavioral responses were also monitored, and the respiration rate was analyzed. The results suggest that CYP had a more prominent effect on the histological structure of fish organs, biochemical responses of anti-oxidant enzymes, behavior, and respiration rate compared to the effect of CPF. In addition, the results also indicate that the liver is more susceptible to chronic and chemically induced cellular stress compared to the gills, with overall destructive changes in the histological biomarkers rather than adaptive. Regardless of the scenario, our results provide novel insights into pesticide exposure and the possible biological impacts on economically important freshwater fish, exposed to lower CYP and CPF concentrations, based on the EU legislation (maximum allowable concentrations, MAC-EQS)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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13. Biomarkers for pollution in caged mussels from three reservoirs in Bulgaria: A pilot study.

Author

Georgieva E, Antal L, Stoyanova S, Aranudova D, Velcheva I, Iliev I, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Mitkovska V, Chassovnikarova T, Todorova B, Uzochukwu IE, Nyeste K, and Yancheva V

Abstract

The mussel-watch concept was firstly proposed in 1975, which was later adopted by several international monitoring programs worldwide. However, for the very first time, a field experiment with caged mussels was performed in three reservoirs in Bulgaria to follow the harmful effects of sub-chronic pollution (30 days) of metals, trace, and macro-elements, as well as some organic toxicants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and chlorinated paraffins. Therefore, we studied the biometric indices, histochemical lesions in the gills, biochemical changes in the digestive glands (antioxidant defense enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase; metabolic enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and the neurotransmitter cholinesterase), in addition to the DNA damage in the Chinese pond mussel, Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) in Kardzhali, Studen Kladenets and Zhrebchevo reservoirs in Bulgaria. Significant correlation trends between the pollution levels, which we reported before, and the biomarker responses were established in the current paper. Overall, we found that both tested organs were susceptible to pollution-induced oxidative stress. The different alterations in the selected biomarkers in the caged mussels compared to the reference group were linked to the different kinds and levels of water pollution in the reservoirs, and also to the simultaneously conducted bioaccumulation studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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14. Hemorheological and microvascular disturbances in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author

Antonova N, Velcheva I, and Paskova V

Subjects
Blood Viscosity physiology, Erythrocyte Aggregation, Erythrocyte Deformability, Fibrinogen, Hematocrit, Hemorheology, Humans, Microcirculation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

Background: In the blood vessels the impaired hemorheological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could lead to elevated flow resistance, increased forces at the endothelial wall and to microvascular disturbances., Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the hemorheological variables and the changes of the skin blood flow responses to cold stress in T2DM patients., Methods: The basic hemorheological parameters: hematocrit (Ht), fibrinogen (Fib), whole blood viscosity (WBV) and plasma viscosity (PV) were examined in 20 patients with T2DM and a control group of 10 healthy age and sex matched controls. The mechanisms of vascular tone regulation were investigated using the wavelet analysis of the skin temperature oscillations (WAST). The degrees of the microvascular tone changes were determined during a cold test in the endothelial (0.02-0.0095 Hz), neurogenic (0.05- 0.02 Hz) and myogenic (0.05- 0.14 Hz) frequency ranges., Results: Significant increase of Fib and WBV in the patients in comparison to controls was found. The mean values of the amplitudes of the skin temperature (ST) pulsations decreased significantly during the cold stress only in the endothelial frequency range for the diabetic patients., Conclusions: The results of our study reveal parallel impairment of the blood rheological parameters and the cutaneous microcirculation in T2DM patients.

Published
2022
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15. Which Is More Toxic? Evaluation of the Short-Term Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin on Selected Biomarkers in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio , Linnaeus 1758).

Author

Georgieva E, Yancheva V, Stoyanova S, Velcheva I, Iliev I, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Petkova E, László B, Nyeste K, and Antal L

Abstract

The general aim of this study was to investigate the negative short-term effects of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP), based on the EU legislation (MAC-EQS) in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) under laboratory conditions and to compare their toxicity. The fish were exposed to the pesticides for 96 h and then different histological and biochemical biomarkers were investigated in the gills and liver, and bioaccumulation analyses were conducted. The chemical studies showed increased pesticide concentrations in the gills as the first site for pollutants compared to the liver at the 96th hour. In addition, the histological analyses showed severe alterations in the gills and liver after exposure to both tested pesticides. In the gills, we found mainly intense proliferative and, to a lesser extent, degenerative changes and alterations in the circulatory system, such as necrosis and vasodilation. In the liver, regressive and progressive lesions, as well as circulatory disturbances and inflammation, were observed. The regressive lesions showed a higher degree of expression compared to the other changes. Furthermore, we found altered enzymatic activities-catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase-in the liver, compared to the control. Overall, both tested pesticides impacted the studied biomarkers in common carp, even at concentrations lower than those permitted by law. However, the results of the comparative analysis showed a relatively higher toxicity of CYP compared to CPF in the fish. Still, questions persist as to whether the observed changes are adaptive or entirely destructive. To avoid any danger or risk, these pesticides must be applied cautiously, especially near water bodies.

Published
2021
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16. Microvascular reactivity to thermal stimulation in patients with diabetes mellitus and polyneuropathy.

Author

Stoyneva Z, Velcheva I, Antonova N, and Titianova E

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polyneuropathies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry methods, Microcirculation drug effects, Skin blood supply
Abstract

The study aimed to investigate local thermally induced microvascular reactivity in patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polyneuropathy and to compare it with healthy controls. A hundred and fourteen subjects were investigated divided into 3 groups: 1st group -20 patients with T1DM; 2nd group -50 patients with T2DM; 3rd group -44 healthy controls. The skin perfusions of the first tiptoe were monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry during thermal test. The initial (PUi) and basal perfusions at 32°C (PUb) tended to be higher in the DM groups and the PUb of T1DM group was higher compared with the healthy subjects. The perfusion responses to heating were attenuated in the patients compared with the controls. The calculated vasodilator heat-induced indices were significantly lower and the vasoconstrictor indices during relative cooling in the recovery period were significantly higher in DM patients related to the healthy subjects. The reduced cutaneous microvascular responses to local thermal stimulation in the plantar sides of the toes of both T1DM and T2DM patients with polyneuropathy were similar to those found by previous studies in other investigated sites of glabrous and nonglabrous skin of patients with DM.

Published
2017
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17. Venoarteriolar reflex responses in diabetic patients.

Author

Stoyneva Z, Velcheva I, Antonova N, Titianova E, and Koleva I

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Microcirculation, Diabetes Mellitus pathology, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry methods, Polyneuropathies etiology, Reflex physiology
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) responses in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus (DM) with polyneuropathy and to estimate their relationship with age, DM duration, initial cutaneous temperature and body mass index. Four groups of subjects were investigated: 1st group -20 patients with T1DM; 2nd group -50 patients with T2DM; 3rd group of 20 healthy subjects with similar age and body mass index (BMI) to the T1DM group; 4th group (Control2) of 24 healthy subjects adjusted by age and BMI to the T2DM group. The cutaneous perfusions of the big toe pulp were monitored as baseline perfusions at a temperature of 32°C in supine and sitting position with hanging legs and back in supine position. Loss of venoarteriolar reflex responses was established in 75% of T1DM patients, 78% of T2DM patients and in none of the investigated healthy controls. Reduced venoarteriolar perfusion responses were established in both T1DM and T2DM patients with polyneuropathy compared with healthy subjects. Reliable positive associations between VAR responses and the age, DM duration and initial cutaneous temperature were found.

Published
2017
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18. Comparative study between microvascular tone regulation and rheological properties of blood in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author

Antonova N, Tsiberkin K, Podtaev S, Paskova V, Velcheva I, and Chaushev N

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Microcirculation, Middle Aged, Blood Viscosity physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 physiopathology, Rheology
Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the changes of the skin blood flow responses to cold stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 through wavelet analysis of the peripheral skin temperature oscillations and to estimate their relationship with the blood viscosity values. The amplitudes of the skin temperature pulsations (ASTP) were monitored by "Microtest" device ("FM-Diagnostics", Russia); the whole blood viscosity and the shear stresses were measured by Contraves LS30 viscometer (Switzerland) at a steady flow in 9 healthy subjects and in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Power law and Herschel-Bulkley (HB) equations were applied to describe the blood rheology. Both models include consistency (k) and flow index (m), and the HB also gives the yield stress (τ0). The Spearman rank correlations between these parameters and the ASTP in the frequency ranges, corresponding to the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial mechanisms of the microcirculation tone regulation were calculated. The ASTP values decreased when the blood viscosity increased. The correlation analysis revealed good ASTP-m (r > 0.5) and ASTP-k (r < -0.5) relationships in the endothelial range, while the ASTP-τ0 correlation was weaker (r≈-0.4). These correlations became lower for the ASTP during the cold stress. The results prompt manifestation of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Published
2016
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19. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Bulgarian version of the Liverpool Adverse Event Profile.

Author

Kuzmanova R, Stefanova I, Velcheva I, and Stambolieva K

Subjects
Adult, Bulgaria, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Epilepsy drug therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Translating, Anticonvulsants adverse effects, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions psychology, Epilepsy psychology, Psychometrics instrumentation, Quality of Life psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
Abstract

Background: Adverse effects (AEs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect the quality of life of patients with epilepsy and their outcomes. There are no questionnaires or studies on the reliability and validity of instruments measuring AEs of AEDs in patients with epilepsy in Bulgarian language., Purpose: The aim of the present study was the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the LAEP in the Bulgarian language in order to use it in the Bulgarian-speaking population in providing a reliable instrument for the clinical monitoring of patients with epilepsy., Methods: One hundred thirty-one patients (57 men and 74 women, mean age: 40.13±13.37 years) took part in the investigation. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested by Cronbach's α and ICC estimations. The convergent construct validity was tested by estimating the correlation of the LAEP-BG with the QOLIE-89 and the discriminant validity by evaluating the difference between LAEP-BG scores and clinical parameters such as the type of epilepsy using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA., Results: The LAEP-BG showed high internal consistency and reliability. The Cronbach's α of the total scale was 0.86. No significant differences between the Cronbach's α coefficients of the total LAEP-BG and original English, Chinese, Spanish, Korean, and Portuguese-Brazilian versions of the questionnaire were observed. The ICCs, which evaluate the test-retest reliability, were higher than the recommended value of 0.75 and determined the strong positive correlations between the first and second examinations. The creation of two subscales "Neurological and psychiatric side effects" and "Non neurological side effects" of the LAEP-BG proposed by us showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0.85 and 0.71, respectively). The LAEP-BG scores significantly correlated with other questionnaires such as the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-89 (QOLIE-89) and showed a good discriminative validity between groups with different levels of self-assessed AEs of AEDs., Conclusion: The Bulgarian version of the Liverpool Adverse Event Profile (LAEP) is a reliable and valid tool in assessing the patient-reported AEs of AEDs and their impact on the patient's outcome., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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20. Metal bioaccumulation in common carp and rudd from the Topolnitsa reservoir, Bulgaria.

Author

Yancheva V, Stoyanova S, Velcheva I, Petrova S, and Georgieva E

Subjects
Animals, Bulgaria, Cadmium analysis, Copper analysis, Gills chemistry, Muscles chemistry, Seasons, Zinc analysis, Carps, Environmental Monitoring, Kidney chemistry, Liver chemistry, Metals analysis, Spleen chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined in water samples and five fish organs (gills, liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) from the Topolnitsa reservoir (Bulgaria) in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). This water ecosystem is located in a copper mining and metallurgical region. Water metal concentrations were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring (p<0.05). Moreover, As, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were higher than the national limits. Qualitative factors "element" and "fish organ" had a stronger influence on metal bioaccumulation than the factors "season" and "fish species". In fish, the highest metal levels were detected in the liver, spleen, kidney and gills, and the lowest in the dorsal muscle. Tissue levels were higher in the summer, but in general they were similar between the two Cyprinid fish. Fish muscles had the lowest metal levels at all times, but As and Pb exceeded the national and international standards. Therefore, we would not recommend fish consumption from Topolnitsa, as continuous metal contamination of the reservoir may seem to present human health risk.

Published
2014
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21. Numerical analysis of 3D blood flow and common carotid artery hemodynamics in the carotid artery bifurcation with stenosis.

Author

Antonova N, Dong X, Tosheva P, Kaliviotis E, and Velcheva I

Subjects
Blood Flow Velocity, Carotid Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Hemorheology, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Models, Cardiovascular, Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, Radiography, Stress, Mechanical, Carotid Artery, Common physiopathology, Hemodynamics physiology, Regional Blood Flow physiology
Abstract

The results for blood flow in the carotid artery bifurcation on the basis of numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations are presented in this study. Four cases of carotid bifurcation are considered: common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation without stenoses and cases with one, two and three stenoses are also presented. The results are obtained by performing numerical simulations considering one pulse wave period based on the finite volume discretization of Navier-Stokes equations. The structures of the flow around the bifurcation are obtained and the deformation of the pulse wave from common carotid artery (CCA) to the internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) is traced. The axial velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) distribution and contours are presented considering the characteristic time points. The results of the WSS distribution around the bifurcation allow a prediction of the probable sites of stenosis growth.

Published
2014
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22. Hemorheology and heart rate variability in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Author

Velcheva I, Damianov P, Mantarova S, and Antonova N

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Glucose analysis, Body Mass Index, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetic Angiopathies blood, Diabetic Angiopathies physiopathology, Diabetic Neuropathies physiopathology, Female, Fibrinogen analysis, Fourier Analysis, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Lipids blood, Male, Middle Aged, Posture physiology, Rest physiology, Stress, Mechanical, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 physiopathology, Heart Rate physiology, Hemorheology
Abstract

Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemorheological parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Hemorheological variables, including hematocrit (Ht), fibrinogen (Fib), whole blood (WBV) and plasma viscosity (PV) at shear rates of 0.0237 s(-1) to 128.5 s(-1) were examined in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and in 10 control subjects. They all underwent non-invasive short-term monitoring of heart rate at rest and after passive head-up tilt. Measurement of the R-R intervals and calculation of the time domain parameters and the power spectral data were performed by our softwear, using fast Fourier transformation. Significant increase of Fib and WBV in the patients in comparison to controls was found within the range of shear rates 0.0237 s(-1) to 128.5 s(-1). In the diabetic patients parallel decrease of the total power (TP), the low frequency spectral power (LF) and of the mean RR and mild increase of the low frequency-high frequency ratio (LF/HF) at rest were established. This tendency was kept after the passive tilt. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 the increased blood viscosity was associated with reduced HRV.

Published
2011
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23. Hemorheology and vascular reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Author

Velcheva I, Damianov P, Antonova N, Stoyneva Z, Mantarova S, and Dimitrova V

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Flow Velocity, Body Mass Index, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 physiopathology, Diabetic Angiopathies blood, Diabetic Angiopathies physiopathology, Diabetic Neuropathies blood, Erythrocyte Indices, Female, Fibrinogen analysis, Humans, Lipids blood, Male, Middle Aged, Middle Cerebral Artery diagnostic imaging, Skin blood supply, Toes blood supply, Ultrasonography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Hemorheology, Posture physiology
Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the hemorheological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to estimate their relationship with the cerebral and cutaneous blood flow and their responses to postural changes. The basic hemorheological constituents: hematocrit (Ht), fibrinogen (Fib), whole blood (WBV) and plasma viscosity (PV) were examined in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and in 10 healthy age and sex matched controls. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was measured by transcranial Doppler monitoring at rest and during 5-min head-up tilt. Also laser Doppler-recorded tiptoe skin blood flow was investigated and venoarteriolar reflex perfusion responses to postural impact was monitored. Significant increase of Fib and WBV at shear rates of 0.0237 s(-1) to 128.5 s(-1) in the patients in comparison to controls was found. The postural challenge caused decrease of the cerebral blood flow velocity and increase of the resistance index (RI) in the diabetic patients. The initial mean skin perfusion values of the tiptoes and the venoarteriolar constriction response indices were significantly higher in the diabetes group. In the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 the increased blood viscosity values were associated with impaired cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular responces.

Published
2011
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24. Common carotid artery hemodynamic factors in patients with cerebral infarctions.

Author

Velcheva I, Antonova N, Damianov P, and Dimitrov N

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, Blood Viscosity, Carotid Artery Diseases etiology, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Infarction pathology, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias complications, Hypertension complications, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Carotid Artery, Common physiopathology, Cerebral Infarction physiopathology, Hemodynamics
Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of the common carotid local hemodynamic factors like wall shear stress and tensile forces in 16 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (CUCI), 58 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 25 healthy control subjects. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) were recorded with color duplex sonography. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and mean blood pressure (MBP) was calculated by the formula of Wiggers. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at the shear rate of 94.5 s-1 was measured on the day of the Doppler ultrasound examination with a rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30. Wall shear stress (WSS), the circumferential wall tension (T) and the tensile stress tau were calculated. The main RF in the patients' groups were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The SBP, WBV and IMT were significantly increased in the patients with UCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls. Lower systolic WSS and tau and higher T were established in the patients with UCI. The IMT correlated with WSS and tau. The study confirms the complex influence of the changes in WBV and blood pressure for the development of carotid atherosclerosis.

Published
2010
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25. Influence of hemorheological parameters and mean blood pressure on carotid blood flow asymmetry in patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions.

Author

Velcheva I, Titianova E, and Antonova N

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Viscosity, Carotid Arteries diagnostic imaging, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Electrocardiography, Female, Hematocrit, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient blood, Lipids blood, Male, Middle Aged, Ultrasonography, Blood Pressure, Carotid Arteries physiopathology, Cerebral Infarction blood, Hemorheology
Abstract

The study aimed to follow the influence of some hemorheological parameters and mean blood pressure (MBP) on the carotid blood flow asymmetry in 20 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) as compared to 30 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 17 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 11 healthy controls. Hemorheological variables: hematocrit (HT), plasma (PV) and whole blood viscosity (WBV), serum lipids and echocardiographic parameters were investigated. Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) was registered and color duplex sonography of the carotid arteries was performed. The lumen diameter, the intima media thickness (IMT) and the blood flow velocity (systolic, mean and diastolic) in the carotid arteries were examined and the velocity asymmetry ratio (AR) was calculated. Significant increase of HT in UCI, of mean blood pressure (MBP) in the patients with RF and TIAs and of IMT and velocity parameters in all patients was established. The correlation analysis revealed parallel influence of HT, MBP, cardiac function, IMT, lumen diameter and some of the modifiable RF on the carotid AR in patients with chronic UCI affecting mainly the collateral circulation. The complex investigation of these factors would enable us to individualize the therapeutic approach in the patients with cerebral ischemic events.

Published
2010
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26. Effects of zinc on morphology of erythrocytes and spleen in Carassius gibelio.

Author

Tomova E, Arnaudov A, and Velcheva I

Subjects
Animals, Erythrocytes cytology, Spleen pathology, Carps blood, Erythrocytes drug effects, Spleen drug effects, Zinc toxicity
Abstract

The influence of increased zinc concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg(-1) ZnSO4 x 7H2O) on the total number and the morphology of the erythrocytes, as well as the processes related to their formation and destruction in the spleen of Carassius gibelio were investigated ex situ. It was found that zinc concentrations caused pathological alterations in the erythrocytes that were not identical in the different concentrations-poikilocytosis; ruptures in cell membranes in the concentrations of 0.5mg(-1) and 1.5 mg(-1); cells with double nuclei (symplasts); in the concentration of 1.0 mg(-1); in the highest concentrations (1.5 mg(-1) and 2.0 mg(-1)) presence of erythrocytes at initial stage of atypical mitotic division. Against the background of those various alterations, the total number of the erythrocytes in the peripheral blood increased simultaneously with the increase of zinc concentrations (p < 0.001). Morphological alterations in the spleen were also observed, indicating a compensational tendency against the toxic influence of zinc upon the fish erythrocytes-hyperplasia of the red pulp and lack of hemosiderin. These results show that the alterations in the total number and the morphology of the erythrocytes are connected with the relevant compensatory histopathological alterations in the spleen. The use of the ascertained alteration could be valuable in monitoring zinc-polluted waters.

Published
2008

27. Hemorheological disturbances and cognitive function in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Author

Velcheva I and Nikolova G

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Viscosity, Cerebral Infarction complications, Cerebral Infarction diagnosis, Cognition, Female, Fibrinogen metabolism, Hematocrit, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient complications, Ischemic Attack, Transient diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Stroke, Cerebrovascular Disorders complications, Cerebrovascular Disorders diagnosis, Hemorheology methods
Abstract

The aim of the study was to follow the relationship of the hemorheological variables with the cognitive functions in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The patient material comprised 117 patients with CVD, distributed in two main groups: 44 with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 73 with chronic cerebral infarctions (CCI), 48 of them being unilateral (UCI) and 25 bilateral (BCI). Additional relative distribution according to the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) values or to the presence of pathological asymmetries of the hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) was made. The main hemorheological variables: hematocrit (Ht), fibrinogen (Fib) and plasma viscosity (PV) were examined. The cognitive functions were assessed with a psychological test battery for evaluation of the general cognitive state, the nonverbal intellect, the episodic memory, the selective attention and the executive functions. The hemorheological investigation revealed predominant increase of PV. The results of all neuropsychological tests showed significant impairment in the patients with CCI in comparison to TIAs. Fibrinogen correlated best with the psychological parameters. Its increase was associated with disturbance of the nonverbal intellect and the general cognitive capacity in the patients with CCI and BCI. In the presence of lower MABP or lack of pathological asymmetries the correlations of Fib and PV with the psychological scores predominated. The results of our study reveal distinct association between the blood rheological properties and the cognitive functions in the patients with ischemic CVD, which is probably based not only on vascular but also on other nonvascular mechanisms.

Published
2008

28. Hemorheological disturbances in cerebrovascular diseases.

Author

Velcheva I, Antonova N, Titianova E, Damianov P, Dimitrov N, and Dimitrova V

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Erythrocyte Aggregation, Erythrocyte Deformability, Female, Hematologic Diseases complications, Hematologic Diseases diagnosis, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension diagnosis, Ischemic Attack, Transient complications, Ischemic Attack, Transient diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen metabolism, Stroke complications, Stroke diagnosis, Cerebrovascular Disorders complications, Hemorheology methods
Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationship of the hemorheological disturbances with the clinical symptoms and some risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). The study included 68 patients with CVD, 29 with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and 39 with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) and 47 healthy control subjects. A questionnaire for RF for CVD was filled. Hemorheological variables: leucocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen (Fib), plasma (PV) and whole blood viscosity (WBV) at different shear rates by Couette rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30 were investigated and the hemorheological indices of erythrocyte aggregation (IEA), erythrocyte deformability (IED) and of oxygen transport to tissues (TO(2)) were calculated. The arterial hypertension was the most frequent RF in the examined patients'. The hemorheological investigation showed significant increase of Fib in the patients with TIA and of PV and WBV in both patients' groups. The comparative study of the hemorheological variables with the RF for CVD showed predominating significant correlations with blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) values, with age, cholesterol, physical activity and the body mass index. Our study confirms the possibility the hemorheological variables to be accepted as RF for development of stroke and for its recurrences.

Published
2008

29. Plasma lipids and blood viscosity in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Author

Velcheva I, Antonova N, Dimitrova V, Dimitrov N, and Ivanov I

Subjects
Aged, Brain blood supply, Female, Fibrinogen analysis, Hematocrit, Humans, Hyperlipidemias physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Statistics as Topic, Blood Viscosity, Cerebral Infarction blood, Hemorheology, Ischemic Attack, Transient blood, Lipids blood
Abstract

It is known that plasma lipids could increase the cerebrovascular risk through alteration of the hemorheological profile. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between blood viscosity parameters and plasma lipids in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The study included 43 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 53 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) and 57 patients with risk factors (RF) for CVD. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at different shear rates by Couette rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30, plasma viscosity (PV) with capillary viscometer, hematocrit (Hct), fibrinogen (Fib), Cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (Tg) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were examined in all patients and in a control group of 56 presumed healthy subjects. The hemorheological results showed increase of Hct, Fib, WBV and PV in the patients with TIAs and UCI; it was more pronounced in the UCI patients. Significant increase of Hct and WBV in the group with RF for CVD was also found. The elevation of Chol and Tg predominated in the patients with UCI and in the subjects with RF for CVD. These lipid variables correlated significantly with PV in the TIAs and RF for CVD groups. Conclusion is drawn about the significance of plasma Tg for decrease of blood fluidity and for impairment of the cerebral circulation in CVD.

Published
2006

30. Hemorheological parameters in correlation with the risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.

Author

Velcheva I, Antonova N, Titianova E, Damianov P, Dimitrov N, and Ivanov I

Subjects
Cerebral Infarction physiopathology, Female, Hemorheology, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient physiopathology, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Risk Factors, Atherosclerosis blood, Blood Viscosity, Carotid Artery Diseases blood, Tunica Intima pathology
Abstract

The study aimed to follow the relationship between some hemorheological variables and the main risk factors (RF) for carotid atherosclerosis (CA). Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by color duplex sonography of the carotid arteries in 18 patients with RF for CA, 31 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 21 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) and 11 healthy subjects without RF for CA. The examined hemorheological variables were whole blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen. They were correlated with intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid and the internal carotid arteries and with other main RF for CA: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. The hemorheological investigation showed an increase in blood and plasma viscosity at different shear rates and it was more expressed in the group with UCI. The neurosonographic investigation revealed an increase in the IMT and carotid artery stenoses in the patients' groups with CVD. These were also more frequent in the patients with UCI. Different correlations were established between the hemorheological parameters, the IMT of the carotid arteries and other RF for CA. In the group with UCI, the hematocrit and the whole blood viscosity correlated significantly with the IMT, arterial blood pressure and cholesterol values. These data confirm the influence of the hemorheological parameters on carotid blood vessel walls and on blood flow in patients with CVD.

Published
2006

31. Evaluation of the hemorheological and neurosonographic relationship in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

Author

Velcheva I, Titianova E, and Antonova N

Subjects
Blood Viscosity, Cerebral Infarction blood, Cerebral Infarction diagnostic imaging, Cerebrovascular Disorders diagnostic imaging, Female, Fibrinogen metabolism, Hematocrit, Hemorheology, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient blood, Ischemic Attack, Transient diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Cerebrovascular Disorders blood
Abstract

During the last fifteen years some of our priority scientific topics of research were hemorheological and neurosonographic investigations in 229 patients with different forms of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD): 75 patients with asymptomatic CVD (ACVD), 65 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 89 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI). The findings were compared with 70 healthy persons. The main estimated hemorheological parameters were hematocrit (Hct), apparent whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV) and fibrinogen (Fib). They were correlated with the following sonographic parameters, obtained by extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography: blood flow velocities (BFV) and peripheral resistance index of Pourcelot (RP) of the major arteries of the head and the basal cerebral arteries and vasomotor reactivity indices (VMRI) of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Among the hemorheological variables the correlations of Hct with the velocity sonographic parameters predominated in all groups. Significant positive correlations between Hct, WBV and the RP of the internal carotid artery and MCA were found in patients with CVD. In UCI the increase in Hct and Fib was associated with a decrease in BFV of the collateral circulation where aging and high mean blood pressure were additional risk factors for impairment of the cerebral hemodynamics. Plasma viscosity was found to correlate with cerebral VMRI of MCA in patients with UCI. The clinical impact of these findings and their relation to the therapeutic strategy in CVD are discussed., (Copyright 2004 IOS Press)

Published
2004

32. Hemorheological disturbances and characteristic parameters in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Author

Antonova N and Velcheva I

Subjects
Blood Viscosity, Erythrocyte Indices, Female, Hematocrit, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neovascularization, Pathologic physiopathology, Cerebrovascular Disorders physiopathology, Hemorheology
Abstract

Whole blood and plasma viscosity were measured of 90 patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 56 healthy individuals by Couette rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30 at a steady flow. Plasma viscosity was measured with capillary viscometer of Ubbelohde type. Two subgroups of patients were investigated: 23 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 67 patients with chronic cerebral infarctions (CCI). They were compared with two control groups: 56 healthy individuals without risk factors for stroke and 37 randomly selected subjects with risk factors for stroke. It is established significant elevation of plasma viscosity in the patients with cerebral ischemia. The elevation of blood viscosity was most pronounced at shear rate of 94.5 s(-1). This comparison is confirmed by the criterion, using blood rigidity number h defined by the formula of Whittington and Harkness. Conclusion is drawn from our study that chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders are characterized with chronic hyperviscosity.

Published
1999

33. Orthostatic dysregulation in progressive autonomic failure--a transcranial Doppler sonography monitoring.

Author

Titianova E, Karakaneva S, and Velcheva I

Subjects
Afferent Pathways physiology, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases pathology, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Disease Progression, Efferent Pathways physiology, Hemodynamics physiology, Humans, Hypotension, Orthostatic physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Reflex physiology, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases diagnostic imaging, Hypotension, Orthostatic diagnostic imaging, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
Abstract

Hemodynamic changes associated with orthostatic hypotension in one patient with pure progressive autonomic failure (PAF) were studied by a passive (70 degrees tilt of the upper part of the body) and an active orthostatic tests. Mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR) and mean blood flow velocity (MFV) during transcranial Doppler sonography monitoring of the right middle cerebral artery (RMCA) were determined after 10 minutes of rest and after 1, 10 and 60 minutes passive 70 degrees tilt or active standing. Simultaneously, plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels during recumbency and after 1 and 10 min of the orthostatic manoeuvres were measured. Stand-up tilting induced slight decrease in MBP and MFV without changes in HR. Changes of systemic hemodynamics occurred during the first minute of passive standing and they increased within the first hour however the cerebral hemodynamics remained relatively stable. Active standing was accompanied by a severe decrease in the MBP and the MFV in RMCA, and an increase in vascular resistance immediately after the upright position. The hemodynamic changes were not followed by a secondary cardiac acceleration; they increased within the first minute of active standing and evoked a syncope. During squatting as a self-selected preventive mechanism in our patient an increase in MBP and MFV in RMCA occurred. Plasma NE levels in recumbency were lower than the reference values; they decreased with 12.1% after 10 min of passive tilting and with 24.8% after the first minute of active standing. These results showed that PAF is accompanied by a severe orthostatic dysregulation during active standing, associated with a progressive peripheral autonomic deficiency and disturbed mechanisms against gravitational pooling of the blood to the lower extremities. The orthostatic autoregulation of the cerebral hemodynamics seems to be preserved.

Published
1997
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34. Nimodipine in the treatment of headache in chronic cerebral ischemia.

Author

Hadjiev D, Velcheva I, and Ivanova L

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Vascular Headaches etiology, Brain Ischemia complications, Nimodipine therapeutic use, Vascular Headaches drug therapy
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nimodipine on non-migrainous vascular headache in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Eighty-six patients were examined in a double-blind trial for 16 weeks (12 weeks of nimodipine or placebo, followed by a 4-week placebo period). Fifty-six patients were studied in an open trial for 12 months. In the total material of the double-blind study there was no difference as far as improvement of headache was concerned when comparing the patients treated with nimodipine with those receiving placebo. However, in a group of 38 patients with a higher degree of headache intensity, selected in accordance with the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric scale, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of nimodipine. The results obtained in the long-term open trial seem to confirm the effect of nimodipine on headache. The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effect of the drug have been discussed.

Published
1986
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