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Traumatic injury of frontal lobes has severe impact on socialadaptation due to alterations in cognitive function and behavior.Considering the low efficacy of conventional rehabilitationmethods, the development of complementary approaches isneeded. Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) isknown to improve short and long-term memory, processingspeed, problem solving in dementia. However, the trials showconflicting results that might be caused by lack of individualizationas the target of stimulation is defined exclusively on the baseof anatomy. We used fMRI-guided rTMS of the left dorsolateralprefrontal area to ameliorate consequences of traumatic injuryof the frontal lobes. Case report demonstrating the efficacy ofthis method is presented. Significant improvement was observedafter 15 sessions of rTMS in patient with severe traumatic braininjury who gained an increase in cognitive speed, developmentof ability to summarize and acquire experience, improvement inplanning, control and error correction.

Main mechanisms of neuroplastisity obtained in hyperacuteperiod of stroke are described in this review. Neurons regenerationprocess condition are discussed. Necessity of early rehabilitationand revision of stroke patients management assertedaccording to novel experimental and clinical data.

Studying of efficiency of application botulinum neurotoxin type Ain complex treatment 51 patients with poststroke spastic hemiparesiswith mean time from stroke onset 33.8 months. It was observedsevere spastisity (mean of scale of Ashworth 3.3+1.0) at allpatients in the neurologic status. Patients were divided in threegroups. The first group (n = 14) received botulinum neurotoxin typeA in a complex with standard restoring therapy (BtxA+SRT). In thesecond group (n = 18) the patients received BtxA+SRT in a complexwith specialized functional training using device ARMEO.The third group (n = 19) received only BtxA. Comparisons of scoreson the MAS, AS, FIM and goniometry at baseline, week 5 and the8-month follow-up are reviled the most considerable improvementof hand function in second group which received BtxA+SRT in acomplex with specialized functional training using deviceARMEO. We believe that BtxA must use with complex therapyincluding the functional training of hand with device ARMEO.

This article represents a review of literature concerning the efficiencyof myographic biofeedback training in rehabilitation ofmovement disorders after stroke, brain and spinal injury, as wellas after traumatic lesion of peripheral nerves or in case of tensiontype headache. We also present the results of our study of 46patients with different pathologies of nervous system before andafter the biofeedback training course. Indications for leading thesessions of bio-control and possibilities in optimisation of themethod are discussed.

Objective: to estimate the significance of parameters of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the brain and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in the prediction of recovery of motor functions after ischemic stroke. Patients and methods. The study enrolled 63 patients (29 women and 34 men aged 41—85 years) in the acutest period of middle cerebral artery (MCA) basin infarct with evolving hemiplegia. In the first 5 days after stroke, TMS was performed in the projection of the motor cortex of the involved hemisphere, by recording a motor evoked response (MER) from m. tibialis anterior and m. pollicis brevis in hemiplegia; and SSEPs were recorded when stimulating n. medianus and n. tibialis in hemiplegia. The outcomes were assessed a year after stroke: muscle strength on a scale from 0 to 5 e and the Rivermead mobility index were studied. Results. A year later, there was either partial or full recovery of active lower and upper limb movements in 73.3 and 58.2%, respectively. With good and poor motor outcomes, the parameters of MCA rather than SSEPs differed significantly. The optimal threshold amplitude for MER from the lower and upper limbs was 0.25 and 0.3 mW, respectively; the time of central motor conduction was 22 and 19 msec for the lower and upper limbs, respectively. At the same time, TMS findings were insufficient for predicting a patient's mobility. The prognosis was determined by the data of TMS and the results of SSEPs: the best outcomes in movement recovery were noted when the prognosis was positive according to the data of TMS in combination with the preserved parameters of SSEPs in the study of cortical projections of the lower limb. Conclusion. It is expedient to perform TMS to estimate the probability of muscle strength recovery. The SSEPs method cannot determine the prognosis of muscle strength recovery; however, its results are of importance for estimating the promises of recovering a patient's mobility. Therefore, comprehensive neurophysiological examination is warranted.