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The objective of the study is to determine, whether the growth retardations of replacement cows are admissible, and in which periods of culture they most significantly affect the further productivity of the cows. The subject of the analysis was the number of animals who at the age of 15 months had the live weight no less than 300 kg (which complied with the breed standard or was inferior to the requirements for 10 % maximum). The animals were divided into 5 groups. The first group included the animals with growth retardation before the age of 3 months. The second one – at the age of 3-6 months; the third one – 6-9 months and the fourth one – 9-12 months. The fifth one was the control group, without growth retardation. The growth retardation referred to the live weight reduction at the end of the period in comparison with its beginning or the average daily weight gain less than 500 g. The authors measured the live weight, first lactation productivity and the lifetime productivity of the animals. It has been established that the growth retardation of the heifers before the age of 3 months negatively affected the growth rate in the following three-month period. They can completely compensate the growth retardation only at the age of 18 months. The other group animals compensated the live weight retardation in comparison with the control group by the age of 15 months. The firstlings which had the growth retardation at the age of 0-3 and 3-6 months, has the highest milk productivity. The same trend was observed in milk fat and protein output and the age of the first calving. However, in the growth retardation group the livability of firstlings, the number of lactations and the productive live was worse. The lifelong milk yield in the growth retardation group was 15-37 % lower than in the control group. Growth retardation at the age of 6-9 months negatively affected the higher lactation productivity. The highest daily milk yield in this group of cows was lower in the control group by 14 % (p < 0.05). Therefore, growth retardation had no negative effect on the milk yield of the firstlings, but resulted in lower survival of the animals, shortened the productive life and lifetime yield. The later the growths retardation occurs, the sooner the heifers can compensate it and the lower is its effect on the lifetime productivity of the cows. In view of the reduction of lifetime productivity, it is purposeful to draft out the animals with the growth retardation

The feasibility and effectiveness of integrated processing of inland fish are substantiated in the work. The present state, innovative developments of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed, perspective directions of complex processing of fishery raw materials and development of market of structure forming substances are determined. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the expediency and efficiency of the use of secondary fishery raw materials from silver carp (heads, bones, fins) in order to form the consumption properties of the structure forming substances. Experimental studies using mathematical modeling methods have optimized the ingredient composition of structure forming substances. The regularities of the formation and stabilization of the consumption properties of structure forming substances based on the secondary fishery of silver carp by introducing cystoseira (2 %) into their composition are scientifically substantiated. The optimal ratio of fish waste to water was set to 1: 1.5; time of fish broth heat treatment - 2.5 hours at 85 - 100ºС; freeze drying temperature (50 – 70 ºC). The consumption properties of the structure forming substances have been investigated, and regularities of changes in quality indicators in the process of their storage have been determined. The results of studies of the amino acid composition of the finished structure forming substances are presented. Research has found the highest content of the following amino acids: glycine, alanine, proline, aspartic and glutamic acids. These amino acids form a repeating sequence in the polypeptide chain, causing the helical structure of collagen. High content of glycine and glutamic acid in the experimental structure forming substances is a characteristic feature of the amino acid composition of fish collagen. Fewer amino acids, such as histidine, isoleucine, valine, may be due to fewer cross-links. The dynamics of dissolution of structure forming substances within 15 months were investigated to ensure the guarantee shelf life. The results of the studies showed almost twice as fast the dissolution time of the experimental structure forming substances on the basis of the secondary fish raw material compared to the control, which can be explained by the peculiarities of the collagen structure. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFanM), the presence of E. coli bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, including the Salmonella genus, were determined

This article discusses the experience of using intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with breast cancer, as well as the prospects for the development of this area in terms of benefits (improved therapy effect, reduced severity of side effects, no effect on adjacent organs) and risks (the possibility of local recurrence) for patients.

Objective: to compare the immediate and long-term outcomes of patients with early breast cancer treated with intraoperative radial therapy depending on the biological subtype of breast cancer.Materials and methods. We prospectively evaluated number of recurrences, cosmetic effect and early treatment results of 104 patients with early breast cancer aged 66.72 ± 0.68 years old. The mean follow-up period was 36 months. The mean dose on the surface of applicator was 17.8 Gy, on the depth 0.5 cm – 8.8 Gy, on the depth 1.0 cm – 5 Gy. The mean time of radiation was 22.15 min ± 28.09 sec.Results. The local recurrence was in 3 patients. The first patient had triple negative breast cancer subtype, the second patient had luminal B HER2+, and the third one had luminal B HER2– subtype. Relapses occurred in 7, 14 and 20 months after the end of treatment respectively. The recurrence rate in patients with luminal B biological subtype was 10.71 %; in patients with triple negative subtype was 20 %. All recurrences were found in the area of the postoperative scar.Conclusion. The obtained results question the rationale for the use of the demonstrated method in patients with luminal B and triple negative molecular subtypes of tumors.

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks.

Purpose. Modeling the transport network, streamlining the development and planning of traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technology, leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations. The study is aimed at gaining new knowledge on determining traffic routes for vehicle drivers in cities. Currently discovered patterns of drivers choosing traffic routes are offered for all drivers of vehicles, regardless of their individual characteristics. Methodology. When determining the patterns of drivers choosing the routes of vehicles in cities, it is proposed to conduct differentially depending on the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Based on the analysis, factors were identified that affect the choice of traffic route for drivers. In order to fix the identified factors, a survey was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire. To take into account the individual characteristics of drivers using a typological questionnaire, the type of nervous system was determined. To determine the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, methods of regression analysis were used. Findings. Based on the data obtained from a survey of vehicle drivers, a model was developed for changing the correspondence share implemented by the drivers with the sanguine type of nervous system on the alternative traffic routes. A statistical evaluation of the resulting model indicates the admissibility of its use for predicting the parameters of traffic flows in urban sustainable development projects. Originality. For the first time, the authors conducted a study of the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, taking into account the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to model the transport network, rationalize the development and plan traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technologies. Modeling the traffic routes of vehicles makes it possible to analyze the throughput of highways and intersections. The introduction of information technology leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations.

The paper gives the results of the phase III clinical trial of adalimumab (ADA) biosimilar, (BCD-057) (BIOCAD, Russia), which demonstrate the clinical equivalence of the biosimilar to the ADA innovator Humira® in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis.Objective. The BCD-057-2/CALYPSO phase III international, multicenter, randomized double-blind clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of BCD-057 (International Nonproprietary Name (INN): adalimumab, ZAO «BIOCARD», Russia) versus Himura® (INN: adalimumab (OOO «Abbvie») in patients with plaque psoriasis aims to prove the equivalent pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of these medicines in both direct parallel comparison and subsequent switching from innovator to biosimilar.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 346 adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis lasting at least 6 months. After screening, the patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into BCD-057 or Humira® groups. At week 24, the patients taking Humira® were re-randomized 1:1 into a group to continue treatment with the ADA innovator or into that to switch to BCD-057. The primary efficacy endpoint was to estimate the proportion of patients who had achieved a 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) at week 16. The secondary endpoints included the assessment of the time course of changes in the skin, nails, degree of itching, and quality of life at weeks 16 and 24. Safety was evaluated from the incidence of treatment-associated adverse events (AEs), cases of severe toxicity (grades 3–4 AEs according to the Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Event (CTCAE) 4.03), cases of early patient withdrawal due to AEs, as well as cases of toxicity potentially associated with the use of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. Immunogenicity was determined using the validated test of patient serum samples for binding antibodies (BAb) and neutralizing antibodies.Results and discussion. The per-protocol population for efficacy evaluation included 342 patients. At week 16, the primary endpoint of PASI75 was shown to be achieved by 62.5% (105/168) and 66.46% (109/164) of the patients in the BCD-057 and Himura® groups, respectively; p=0.45). The difference between the groups in PASI75 responses was 3.22% with 95% confidence interval [-14.25%; 6.32%]. The analysis of additional endpoints revealed no significant differences in the efficacy of the biosimilar and innovator. During 24 weeks of the investigation, treatment-associated AEs were recorded in 31.03 and 25.58% of the patients in the BCD-057 and Humira® groups, respectively (p=0.31). The proportion of patients with BAb detected at 16 weeks of the investigation was 25.44 and 24.07% in the BCD-057 and Humira® groups, respectively (p=0.87).Conclusion. The investigation provided convincing clinical evidence for of the equivalent efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of BCD-057 and Humira®.

The article presents the comparative analysis of the incidence of diphyllobothriasis in the Siberian Federal District and the Irkutsk Region, and the peculiarities of its epidemiology in the Irkutsk Region. On the basis of in-depth study of the structure of diphyllobothriasis foci functioning on the territory of Irkutsk Region, the zoning of the territory was carried out according to the degree of risk of contamination with diphyllobothriidae. The categories of the population of various age groups exposed to invasion is defined, and dynamics of morbidity within groups is analyzed. The analysis revealed a distinctive feature of the Irkutsk Region, which is expressed in a greater proportion of children among the sick people compared to other regions of the Siberian Federal District and the lowest incidence reduction rates among this group. The question of reorientation of preventive and explanatory work with the population, taking into account the identified data, is raised. The cases are also considered on the basis of belonging to the rural or urban population; among the rural population, the incidence is almost twice as high. The analysis of morbidity in some territories of the Irkutsk Region was carried out on the basis of an integral indicator, which was carried out by ranking individual territories according to the degree of infection of the population, areas with low, medium, high and very high levels of morbidity were allocated.

The quality of services which are offered by urban passenger transport determines a living standard of country’s inhabitants. The executed analysis of methods for quality assessment of passenger transportation service by urban transport has shown that it is expedient to use complex indices for such assessment. The existing methods for quality assessment of urban passenger transport do not fully take into account subjective passengers’ evaluation of service quality criteria. The investigations conducted with the purpose to estimate significance of quality assessment criteria pertaining to urban pas-senger transport operation for passengers have made it possible to formalize importance of the given significance. A complex index of urban passenger transport quality has been prepared that includes such isolated quality indicators as pedestrian mo-tion component, waiting time, travel time, dynamic factor of capacity usage. It has been determined that it is possible to plan quality of passenger transportation while using transport process simulation. Influence of technological parameters on quality parameters can be determined with the help of the developed simulation model for quality assessment of transportation pro-cess on route of urban passenger transport. While using the simulation model regularities in changing a complex quality index of urban passenger transport have been analyzed according to number of transport facilities operating on route. Simulation results have shown that changes in number of transport facilities significantly exert an influence on the value of dynamic fac-tor of transport facility capacity usage, waiting time for transport facility and time travel. This leads to changes in quality of transportation process. Analysis of the obtained results has permitted to make a conclusion that every route with certain parameters has such rational number of transport facilities that ensures maximum efficiency of urban passenger transport with appropriate quality. It has been revealed that any change in number of transport facilities is described with a reasonable degree of accuracy by a nonlinear regression equation where parameters of transport facilities, passenger traffic flows and route are used as independent variables.

In this article, the author examines the concept of the origins, nature, the principles, the basic conditions of the loan agreement in Indian law, as well as the features of the credit agreement in the legal practice in India. India is one of the largest markets in Asia, has developed legislation in the sphere of crediting, which includes, as a concept major credit contracts used in the global banking practice (credit agreement, agreement on overdraft loan, agreement for a revolving line of credit, agreement on the opening not revolving line of credit), and concepts characteristic only for the legal system of the Republic of India - the so-called short-term loans to core funding (bridge loans), as well as a loan on request (demand loan) or loan on a call (call loan). The author is giving a comparative analysis of the institutions of the loan agreement (loan) and the Institute of prior credit agreement (advance).

Under experimental model of glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis in rats new pool of nonheme iron formation in the blood plasma and it’s effect on NO synthesis was stu­died. On the first day after intramuscular 50% glycerol injection (10 ml/kg) more than 10 times increase of free heme content in plasma and 6 times increase of heme oxygenase activity in the liver was registered. Labile ferric iron pool formation in rhabdomyolysis rat blood plasma, which is completely absent in the samples of the intact group, was proved by EPR analysis. In period from 1st to 6th day of the experiment the contents of this form of iron was greater than 2 mg/L. It is significantly higher than the concentration of transferrin associated iron. During blood labile iron pool formation, an increase of nitrosative stress indicators was observed. On the 4th day, total NO synthase concentration in the liver, as well as S-nitrosothiols and nitrosoprolin in plasma, was 2 times higher than in control. To test the hypothesis about labile iron involvement in nitrosative stress development iron acceptor – unithiol was applied. Unithiol application led to 3 time decrease in blood plasma labile iron concentration on the 4th day of pathology in comparison with animals with experimental rhabdomyolysis. Positive correlation between blood labile iron concentration and nitrosative stress indicators was detected: total NO synthase, nitrosoprolin and S-nitrosothiols concentrations decreased by 1.5 times after blood labile iron concentration lowering. Under glycerol-stimulated rhabdomyolysis development in rat, new pool of nonheme ferric iron is formed in plasma. It is not included in transferrin and therefore is capable for chemical interactions. So we can conclude that labile iron is one of nitrosative stress initiators under rhabdomyolysis.

Проведен вирусолого-микробиологический мониторинг семи северных районов Иркутской области. Полученные в ходе исследования данные свидетельствуют об изменении эпидемиологической ситуации в отношении клещевых инфекций на территории данных районов. Отмечается продвижение природных очагов на север. На территории северных районов выявлены сочетанные очаги, клещевых инфекций, в том числе обнаружена циркуляция новых для Восточной Сибири патогенов - E. muris, A. phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi.

The aim of this work was to analyze the spatial and temporal features of the epidemic process dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021.Materials and methods. The data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration for the Irkutsk Region, the Reference Center of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, the materials of the state statistical reporting form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, and scientific publications were analyzed. The chronological and chorological features of the change in the incidence of TVE have been traced. In the latter case, the administrative-territorial formations (ATF) of the subject were differentiated by epidemiological risk groups over two ten-year periods: 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. At each time interval, the grouping of areas according to the level of TBE incidence was carried out using the calculation of 95% confidence interval. Time sequences of observations were analyzed using the construction of regression equations. Standard methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft Excel were deployed.Results and discussion. Over the course of the 21st century, the incidence of TBE in Irkutsk Region has been declining. Based on 2001–2010 data, there were no cases of TBE in six ATF, and endemic areas were divided into three groups: with low (15 districts), medium (6) and high (8) incidence of TBE. A separate assessment of morbidity rates was conducted in the administrative center of the entity, the city of Irkutsk. In 2011–2020, the structure of ATF with varying epidemiological risk of TBE underwent a change. Six non-endemic areas, groups of low (12 ATFs), medium (9), high (6) and very high (2) epidemiological risk were identified. The spatial arrangement of high epidemiological risk zones changed, and their area increased. Each ATF cluster with different TBE incidence in 2011–2020 is characterized by the number of TBE cases and the volume of measures to prevent the infection. It is concluded that preventive measures were insufficient in ATF groups of high and very high epidemiological risk.