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1. Overview on signal transduction cascades regulation roles of garlic and its bioactive constituents

Author

Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Iqra Mobeen, Rukset Attar, Khalida I. Noel, Baojun Xu, and William C. Cho

Subjects
cancer, nutrigenomics, signaling, apoptosis, allium sativum, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

High-throughput technologies in combination with modern exciting advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and data analysis pipelines have empowered comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes and their mechanistic regulation by dietary agents and bioactive molecules at unprecedented dimensionality and resolution. Extra-ordinary breakthroughs in the field of nutrigenomics have leveraged our understanding altogether to a new level of maturity. Interdisciplinary researchers have extensively analyzed health promoting and pharmacologically significant properties of garlic (Allium sativum). Importantly, garlic and its biologically active chemicals targeted oncogenic signaling cascades. In this mini-review we have attempted to summarize how garlic and its bioactive constituents regulated signal transduction cascades in cell culture studies and tumor-bearing mice.

Published
2024
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2. A Reciprocal Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Cancer: A Review

Author

Khalida I. Noel

Subjects
nutritional supplements, antioxidants, anticancer agents, oxidative stress, ROS, Medicine
Abstract

Oxidative stress is a defense mechanism that occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive metabolites and free radicals and the antioxidants' ability to eliminate them. Reactive metabolites are free radicals referred to as oxidants or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells are harmed by this imbalance, which may influence the entire body. When the intra- and extracellular environmental circumstances in cells change, ROS is essential for stimulating the corresponding signaling pathways. All aspects of carcinogenesis, including prevention and treatment, are tightly associated with reactive species, particularly ROS. Numerous tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes are deregulated by ROS, which also modify several cellular signaling pathways. However, most chemotherapy drugs and even radiation therapy dramatically raise the ROS concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Antioxidants cause programmed cell death, which is used in cancer treatment; yet people receiving chemotherapy benefit from antioxidants. Nevertheless, the exact processes underlying this anticancer action remain unclear. Many studies carried out in laboratories and on animals revealed high concentrations of exogenic antioxidants, that inhibit the forms of free radical injury linked with the formation of cancer. There haven't been many human clinical trials looking into the potential of dietary supplementation to reduce the risk of cancer development or death. Since there have been studies on the advantages and downsides of antioxidants in the treatment of cancer, several considerations need to be deemed before administering antioxidant supplements. In conclusion, little is known about the mechanism underlying antioxidant effect in cancer treatment.

Published
2024

3. Multifactorial etiology of male and female infertility/ assisted reproductive technique

Author

null Ahmed F. Hameed, null Israa S. Ajeel, null Khalida I. Noel, and null Khalid M. Hassan

Abstract

Introduction: Infertility defined as inability of female to conceive after 12 months (6 months for women above 35 years) of unguarded sexual coitus. It affected about 15% of new couples. Genetic causes contribute about 15-30% of male infertility. Also the infertility can be defined as inability to carry the gestation until giving birth of a live fetus. Infertility can be classified into primary and secondary infertility, also can be classified according to etiological cause into male and female infertility. Conclusion: This review yield the importance of infertility as serious medical problem, affecting the partners life and focus on the important etiological factors affecting the fertile male or female as life style and smocking state in addition to aging, hormonal state, infections and systemic disease, also this review focus on the importance of assisted reproductive technique and its complication.

Published
2022
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6. Effect of Anatomical and Physiological Factors on Ultrasonic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Score in Iraqi Women Presenting with Breast Lumps

Author

Ahmed Fakhir Hameed, Sameh S. Akkila, Khalida I. Noel, and Saad Alshahwani

Subjects
General Medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast lumps are a common presentation that can be assess non-invasively using the ultrasonic examination. AIM: The study aimed to assess the effect of different anatomical and physiological factors on the outcome of ultrasonic scoring of breast lumps. METHODS: A total of 60 females presented with a breast lump on ultrasound assessment were randomly selected after their consent at the Clinic for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Baghdad. The results were expressed according to the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the BI-RADS score with breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Most cases (46.7%) scored BI-RADS II, followed by scores of III (21.6%), 4 (16.7%), and V (15%). The upper lateral quadrant of the breast was the most commonly affected sites. Marital status, parity, and breastfeeding didn’t have statistically significant influence on the sores. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic BI-RADS scoring of breast lumps provides an initial reliable tool for the management of breast disease. Higher scores are associated with increasing breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Several anatomical, physiological, hereditary, and environmental aspects influence such factors.

Published
2021
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7. The Significance of Height on Median and Ulnar Nerves Conduction Parameters in Male Subjects

Author

Nawrass Jassim, Hayder Abdulateef, and Khalida I. Noel

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many physiological factors including body temperature, age, height, and gender of the subject affect the nerve conduction parameters (both sensory and motor nerves), so attention should be played for these factors during the evaluation of the nerve function to avoid the false results and later on the false diagnosis of the disease. AIM: The aim of the study was to observe the power of height on median and ulnar nerves conduction parameters (both motor and sensory fibers) in male subjects. METHODS: Seventy healthy males aging 18–60 years were incorporated in the study, for them, motor and sensory nerve conduction study of both ulnar nerve and median nerve was done using NIHON KHODEN machine. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between height and the latency of ulnar sensory nerve (r = 0.29, p = 0.01, and odd’s ratio was 1.6). At the same time, there was significant negative power of height on median and ulnar sensory amplitude (r = −0.32, p = 0.007 and r = −0.28, p = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSION: The consequence of height on median and ulnar nerve conduction parameters (motor and sensory) is crucial for interpretation the data and later on the diagnosis of the diseases.

Published
2022
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8. CD133 and CD166 as stem cell markers for predicting the possibility of developing prostatic cancer in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Author

nibras hatim khamees, Khalida I. Noel, Mustafa M. Ibraheem, Basim Shehab Ahmed, Ahmed F. Hameed, and Sameh S. Akkila

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Expression (architecture), business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Medicine, Cancer development, urologic and male genital diseases, business
Abstract

Benign and malignant prostatic diseases are generally well-known in the world. Accordingly, this research is planned to assess the immunohistochemical analysis of CD133 and CD166 in the prostatic epithelium in samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal looking epithelium around prostatic adenocarcinoma samples (PCa) and to explore the opportunity of malignant alterations in benign tissue. The prostate samples were divided into 2 groups; 50 BPH samples, and 50 normally looking tissue surrounding prostatic carcinoma samples (NPCA). The samples were treated for immunohistochemical examination of CD133 and CD166. Over expression of CD133 appeared in the BPH group which was statistically significant as compared to NPCA group. Conversely, over expression of CD166 stem cell marker in NPCA group than BPH group as it was significant statistically. CD166 is a stem cell marker for tissue tumorigenicity, while the positive expression of CD133 is not of value for cancer initiation.

Published
2019
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10. Expression of OCT4 stem cell marker in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma in a sample of Iraqi patients

Author

Khalida I. Noel, Ahmed F. Hameed, nibras hatim khamees, Sameh S. Akkila, Basim Shehab Ahmed, and Mustafa M. Ibraheem

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cancer, Hyperplasia, Prostatic Diseases, medicine.disease, Stem cell marker, Prostate cancer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Prostate, embryonic structures, Carcinoma, Medicine, Immunohistochemistry, business
Abstract

Objective: Prostatic diseases (benign and malignant) are broadly widespread in the world. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a chronic entity reflected by enlarged prostatic tissue, triggering inferior urinary tract complaints. On the other hand, prostate cancer, is the second most common cancer in men and the fourth utmost commonly happening cancer generally. OCT4 referred to as octamer binding transcription factor 4, also recognized as POU5F1 (POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1), is a protein that in humans is coded by the POU5F1 gene. This protein is analytically elaborate in the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. As such, our work is designed to evaluate the immunohistochemical examination of OCT4 expression in the prostatic epithelium in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in the epithelium of prostatic adenocarcinoma microenvironment (NPCA). Patients and Methods: The prostate samples were acquired from 50 BPH patients, and 50 prostatic cancer patients. The samples were managed for immunohistochemical examination of OCT4 expression. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the staining percentage between the BPH and NPCA group (P-value=0.009), and there was significant staining expression of OCT4 in NPCA group as compared to BPH group (P-value=0.000). Also, there was a significant elevation of the total score of OCT4 in NPCA group (P-value=0.036) as compared with BPH group. Conclusions: OCT4 is over expressed in normal tissue around prostatic carcinoma as compared to benign tissue in BPH, and thus OCT4 can be used as a stem cell marker for prostatic tissue tuomorigenicity.

Published
2019
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14. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. 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Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. 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Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. 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C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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15. Pulsed field separation of biomolecules in a nanofluidic filter array

Author

Jongyoon Han., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., Reyes González, Noel I. (Noel Iván), Jongyoon Han., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., and Reyes González, Noel I. (Noel Iván)

Abstract

Thesis (M. Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006., "February 3, 2006.", Includes bibliographical references (leaf 42)., In this work, pulsed electric fields are introduced as a means to enhance separation efficiency of biomolecules in a nanofluidic filter array channel. Separation under pulsed fields was tested using PBR322 DNA, Lambda Hind III DNA, and a sample containing three SDS denatured proteins. Pulsed fields are divided into long pulse and short pulse regimes, depending on how long the duration of the higher electric field pulse is compared to the average trapping time of a molecule in a single nanofluidic filter. It was found that under long pulse fields, the separation selectivity cannot be enhanced since the difference in velocity between two different molecules will always be a weighted average of the velocity at the high and low field levels of the pulsed field. On the other hand, application of pulsed fields in the short pulse regime yielded more promising results. After the pulse duration became comparable to the average trapping time of migrating molecules, the average velocity of molecules decreased with a reduction in the pulse duration. Certain bands within a sample were slowed down more than others by appropriately choosing the pulse duration, therefore resulting in increased selectivity and higher separation efficiency., (cont.) For PBR322 DNA, separation resolution of up to 2.54 was obtained in under 15 minutes when the pulse duration was decreased down to 5ms. Novel experiments are proposed to achieve separation through band selective elution and bidirectional transport. A probabilistic model based on the binomial distribution is also proposed as a method to estimate the average velocity of molecules in the short pulse regime., by Noel I. Reyes González., M.Eng.and S.B.

Published
2007

16. A survey of the incidence and care of postoperative wound infections in the community

Author

I. Noel, A. Galloway, and V. Hollyoak

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), District nurse, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Outpatients, Medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Community Health Services, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Early discharge, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Inpatients, integumentary system, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Surgical wound, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Patient Discharge, United Kingdom, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Postoperative wound infections, Emergency medicine, Female, business, Complication
Abstract

The incidence of postoperative wound infection after clean surgery in the four weeks following early discharge from hospital and its effect on community medical services have been studied prospectively. The wound infection rate as assessed by 118/155 patients who responded to a postoperative questionnaire was 9%; half of the wound problems presented after discharge. Postoperative wound infection increased the time spent by general practitioners per patient twofold, and that of practice/district nurses > or = fivefold.

Published
1997

17. Group B streptococcal infection in a mother and her baby

Author

A Galloway and I Noel

Subjects
Adult, Group B Streptococcal Infection, medicine.disease_cause, Streptococcus agalactiae, Sepsis, Pregnancy, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Streptococcaceae, biology.organism_classification, Infant newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Recien nacido, Immunology, Female, business, STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, Research Article
Published
1996

18. An outbreak of group C streptococcal infection in a maternity unit

Author

A. Galloway, E. Saint, A. Efstratiou, D.R. White, and I. Noel

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Delivery rooms, Disease Outbreaks, Internal medicine, Streptococcal Infections, Perineal wound, medicine, Infection control, Humans, Streptococcus equi, Cross Infection, Infection Control, biology, business.industry, Delivery Rooms, Outbreak, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Infection control procedures, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, England, Streptococcus equisimilis, Female, business
Abstract

An outbreak of Group C streptococcal infection (Streptococcus equisimilis serotype T204) occurred in a Maternity Unit in Durham over a 2-week period. The outbreak strain possessed an M-protein antigen identical to that found in a previously reported Maternity Unit outbreak. Seven patients in total were affected, and in two patients infected perineal wounds took several weeks to heal. The source of the outbreak appeared to be a patient who developed a perineal wound infection and who subsequently returned to the ward for reassessment. Environmental contamination is likely to have been the reservoir of infection for the subsequent patients. The outbreak was controlled by applying strict infection control procedures and establishing a high standard of routine cleaning.

Published
1994

19. Toxoplasma infection and systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of the serological response by immunoblotting

Author

A H Balfour, I Noel, and Mark H. Wilcox

Subjects
Immunoblotting, Antibodies, Protozoan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Serology, Antigen, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Lupus erythematosus, biology, Autoantibody, Toxoplasma gondii, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, Blot, Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, biology.protein, Antibody, Toxoplasma, Research Article
Abstract

AIMS--To examine the serological response of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and toxoplasma infection and to compare the blot profiles with those from immunocompetent subjects of similar immune response. METHODS--Forty serum samples from patients with SLE were tested for toxoplasma antibodies using the dye and indirect haemagglutination tests. Specific IgM was measured by mu-capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera were immunoblotted using antigen strips prepared from the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. For comparison, control blots were prepared from pooled sera from immunocompetent subjects with serological evidence of acute (pool 1), or chronic (pool 2) toxoplasma infection, or with no evidence of infection (pool 3). RESULTS--Some of the blot profiles from the patients with SLE were compatible with the corresponding serology but others showed considerable variation, particularly among the IgM blots. The blots from sera with low dye test titres suggested that the latter could be false positive results. CONCLUSIONS--Toxoplasma infection may enhance the production of autoantibodies which, when combined with the high titres characteristic of SLE, might interfere in the dye test and other serological tests. Immunoblotting could prove useful in the immunocompromised for confirming the presence of specific toxoplasma antibodies and for the staging of infection in those with positive serology.

Published
1993

21. Comparison of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method with counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of teichoic acid antibodies in sera from patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections

Author

I Noel, C Herzog, H C Wood, and J C Booth

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcaceae, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cross Reactions, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Antigen, medicine, Humans, Endocarditis, biology, Staphylococcal Infections, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Bacterial, Teichoic Acids, Bacteremia, Immunology, biology.protein, Antibody, Research Article
Abstract

Ribitol-teichoic acid antibodies were measured by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in serum samples from 47 patients with serious Staphylococcus aureus infections, 63 infected patients, and 177 healthy controls. The same antigen was used for both tests. The group of patients with S. aureus endocarditis (6 patients) had significantly higher ELISA readings than the patients with other deep-seated infections (26 patients) or with an uncomplicated S. aureus bacteremia (15 patients). The patients with other serious gram-positive (40 patients) or gram-negative (23 patients) infections did not differ from the healthy control group. There were only three (7.5%) low-level cross-reactions among the infections caused by gram-positive organisms other than S. aureus. Of 46 initially ribitol-teichoic acid antibody-negative patients followed up for 2 weeks or more, only those developing a serious S. aureus infection showed a significant rise of the ELISA reading. There was a good correlation between ELISA and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Both tests could be useful in the diagnosis and the management of complicated S. aureus infections. The ELISA method is, however, more sensitive and usually reflects the antibody rise after an infection earlier than does counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

Published
1984
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22. Transmembrane potentials of the ductus arteriosus

Author

P. Posner, Sidney Cassin, and S. I. Noel

Subjects
Pharmacology, Chemistry, Nitrogen, Goats, Muscle, Smooth, Cell Biology, Ductus Arteriosus, Carbon Dioxide, In Vitro Techniques, Molecular biology, Transmembrane protein, Membrane Potentials, Oxygen, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ductus arteriosus, medicine, Molecular Medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Evoked Potentials, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

Membran-Potentiale vom Ductus arteriosus der Ziege wurden im ruhenden Zustand aufgezeichnet. Die Zellen depolarisieren, sobald sie mit einer Kontraktion auslosenden Konzentration Sauerstoff in Beruhrung kommen.

Published
1973

23. False positive results in the Toxoreagent test for Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompetent patients

Author

E S Prestage, J K Wood, A H Balfour, I Noel, and T G Wreghitt

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Antibodies, Protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Test (assessment), Latex fixation test, Immunology, Animals, Humans, Medicine, False Positive Reactions, Immunocompetence, business, Toxoplasma, Latex Fixation Tests, Research Article
Published
1988
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24. Barriers to Accessing and Engaging in HIV Preventive Care and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Experienced by Transgender Women in Florida.

Author

Maragh-Bass AC, Kiplagat S, Lavari S, Sastre F, Devieux JG, Jimenez D, Clarke RD, Noel I, Schrimshaw EW, Sevelius J, and Cyrus E

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Female, Florida, Focus Groups, Transgender Persons psychology, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis methods, HIV Infections epidemiology, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: PrEP, a biomedical HIV prevention option, continues to be underutilized among transgender women who could benefit from sustained use, especially women of color and those who identify as Latina and/or reside in the southeastern US., Objective: We explored the barriers and facilitators experienced by transgender women who live in Florida regarding accessing, using, and/or staying on PrEP., Methods: In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted in either Spanish or English with adult transgender women living in Florida (N = 22). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded in ATLAS.ti using thematic analyses., Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.2 years. Among the participants, 73% were Hispanic/Latina, 59% were foreign-born, and approximately one-third were living with HIV (but had past experience with PrEP). Transgender women cited the following barriers to accessing or considering PrEP: (1) costs and benefits of PrEP use; (2) under-representation in clinical trials resulting in unknown or misinformation regarding PrEP side effects; (3) chronic poverty; and (4) trauma and discrimination. Other stressors, such as behavioral healthcare needs, were identified., Conclusions: Our analysis revealed interlocking systems of oppression like transphobia, discrimination, and misgendering, which were common barriers experienced by our participants. These synergistically epidemic (i.e., syndemic) barriers contributed to their feelings of being systematically excluded in social spaces, research, public health planning and policies, laws, and social programs related to PrEP. These structural barriers are impediments to HIV preventive care but also act as a source of stress that contributes to mental health problems, financial vulnerability, substance abuse, and other deleterious health outcomes.

Published
2024
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25. A review investigating the relationship between cannabis use and adolescent cognitive functioning.

Author

Cyrus E, Coudray MS, Kiplagat S, Mariano Y, Noel I, Galea JT, Hadley D, Dévieux JG, and Wagner E

Subjects
Adolescent, Brain, Cognition, Executive Function, Humans, Peer Group, Cannabis
Abstract

Given varying state-level laws regarding cannabis use, the objective of the review was to summarize contemporary literature on the relationship between adolescent cognitive function and academic performance with cannabis use. Frequency and quantity of cannabis use were associated with decreased functional connectivity of the brain. Earlier age at cannabis initiation and more frequent use was associated with poorer executive control and academic performance. Social determinants such as minimal parental monitoring, peer use and low social cohesion were associated with more frequent adolescent use. Race/ethnicity and residence were other factors influencing cannabis use. To prevent cannabis use disorders among adolescents, interventions should aim to prevent early initiation that can lead to chronic use in youth who may be more at risk., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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26. The Impact of COVID-19 on African American Communities in the United States.

Author

Cyrus E, Clarke R, Hadley D, Bursac Z, Trepka MJ, Dévieux JG, Bagci U, Furr-Holden D, Coudray M, Mariano Y, Kiplagat S, Noel I, Ravelo G, Paley M, and Wagner EF

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this ecological study was to understand the impact of the density of African American (AA) communities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence and death rate within the three most populous counties in each U.S. state and territory ( n =152). Methods: An ecological design was employed for the study. The top three most populous counties of each U.S. state and territory were included in analyses for a final sample size of n =152 counties. Confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths that were accumulated between January 22, 2020 and April 12, 2020 in each of the three most populous counties in each U.S. state and territory were included. Linear regression was used to determine the association between AA density and COVID-19 prevalence (defined as the percentage of cases for the county population), and death rate (defined as number of deaths per 100,000 population). The models were adjusted for median age and poverty. Results: There was a direct association between AA density and COVID-19 prevalence; COVID-19 prevalence increased 5% for every 1% increase in county AA density ( p <0.01). There was also an association between county AA density and COVID-19 deaths; the death rate increased 2 per 100,000 for every percentage increase in county AA density ( p =0.02). Conclusion: These findings indicate that communities with a high AA density have been disproportionately burdened with COVID-19. To help develop effective interventions and programs that address this disparity, further study is needed to understand social determinants of health driving inequities for this community., Competing Interests: No competing financial interests exist., (© Elena Cyrus et al. 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)

Published
2020
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27. Persistent Circulation of Vaccine Serotypes and Serotype Replacement After 5 Years of Infant Immunization With 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the United Kingdom.

Author

Kandasamy R, Voysey M, Collins S, Berbers G, Robinson H, Noel I, Hughes H, Ndimah S, Gould K, Fry N, Sheppard C, Ladhani S, Snape MD, Hinds J, and Pollard AJ

Subjects
Carrier State immunology, Carrier State microbiology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine immunology, Humans, Immunization methods, Incidence, Infant, Male, Nasopharynx immunology, Nasopharynx microbiology, Pneumococcal Infections immunology, Serogroup, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, United Kingdom, Vaccination methods, Pneumococcal Vaccines immunology, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology
Abstract

Background: Following programmatic introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), there is residual carriage and disease due to PCV13-covered serotypes., Methods: PCV13-immunized children aged 13-48 months, N = 988, were enrolled between February 2014 and August 2015 ("late PCV13"), and had nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage compared with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) immunized children, N = 567, enrolled between November 2010 and September 2011 ("early PCV13"). Nasopharyngeal pneumococci were molecular-serotyped by microarray. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases were identified through enhanced national surveillance., Results: Compared with PCV7-immunized children, carriage among PCV13-immunized children was significantly lower for serotypes 19A (odds ratio [OR], 0.08 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .02-.25]), 6C (OR, 0.11 [95% CI, .03-.32]), and 7F (8 vs 0 cases). IPD incidence in children <5 years was significantly lower for serotypes 1 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.03 [95% CI, 0-.19]) and 7F (IRR, 0.13 [95% CI, .05-.36]) but not 19A (IRR, 0.6 [95% CI, .3-1.12]) or serotype 3 (IRR, 2.3 [95% CI, .86-6.15]) in the late PCV13 period than in the early PCV13 period. The most significant rises in IPD incidence were for serotypes 8, 12F, and 24F., Conclusions: PCV13 has reduced serotype 19A carriage among vaccinated children. We found no impact of PCV13 on serotype 3 carriage or disease, and emergence of non-PCV13-serotype disease., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2020
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28. A survey of the incidence and care of postoperative wound infections in the community.

Author

Noel I, Hollyoak V, and Galloway A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Incidence, Inpatients statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients statistics & numerical data, Patient Discharge, Prospective Studies, United Kingdom epidemiology, Community Health Services, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology, Surgical Wound Infection therapy
Abstract

The incidence of postoperative wound infection after clean surgery in the four weeks following early discharge from hospital and its effect on community medical services have been studied prospectively. The wound infection rate as assessed by 118/155 patients who responded to a postoperative questionnaire was 9%; half of the wound problems presented after discharge. Postoperative wound infection increased the time spent by general practitioners per patient twofold, and that of practice/district nurses > or = fivefold.

Published
1997
Full Text
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29. Group B streptococcal infection in a mother and her baby.

Author

Noel I and Galloway A

Subjects
Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Sepsis prevention & control, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Streptococcal Infections transmission, Streptococcus agalactiae
Published
1996
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30. An outbreak of group C streptococcal infection in a maternity unit.

Author

Galloway A, Noel I, Efstratiou A, Saint E, and White DR

Subjects
Cross Infection microbiology, Cross Infection prevention & control, England epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infection Control, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcal Infections prevention & control, Cross Infection epidemiology, Delivery Rooms, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcus equi isolation & purification
Abstract

An outbreak of Group C streptococcal infection (Streptococcus equisimilis serotype T204) occurred in a Maternity Unit in Durham over a 2-week period. The outbreak strain possessed an M-protein antigen identical to that found in a previously reported Maternity Unit outbreak. Seven patients in total were affected, and in two patients infected perineal wounds took several weeks to heal. The source of the outbreak appeared to be a patient who developed a perineal wound infection and who subsequently returned to the ward for reassessment. Environmental contamination is likely to have been the reservoir of infection for the subsequent patients. The outbreak was controlled by applying strict infection control procedures and establishing a high standard of routine cleaning.

Published
1994
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31. Toxoplasma infection and systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of the serological response by immunoblotting.

Author

Noel I, Balfour AH, and Wilcox MH

Subjects
Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Immunoglobulin M analysis, Toxoplasmosis complications, Antibodies, Protozoan analysis, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic complications, Toxoplasma immunology, Toxoplasmosis immunology
Abstract

Aims: To examine the serological response of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and toxoplasma infection and to compare the blot profiles with those from immunocompetent subjects of similar immune response., Methods: Forty serum samples from patients with SLE were tested for toxoplasma antibodies using the dye and indirect haemagglutination tests. Specific IgM was measured by mu-capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera were immunoblotted using antigen strips prepared from the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. For comparison, control blots were prepared from pooled sera from immunocompetent subjects with serological evidence of acute (pool 1), or chronic (pool 2) toxoplasma infection, or with no evidence of infection (pool 3)., Results: Some of the blot profiles from the patients with SLE were compatible with the corresponding serology but others showed considerable variation, particularly among the IgM blots. The blots from sera with low dye test titres suggested that the latter could be false positive results., Conclusions: Toxoplasma infection may enhance the production of autoantibodies which, when combined with the high titres characteristic of SLE, might interfere in the dye test and other serological tests. Immunoblotting could prove useful in the immunocompromised for confirming the presence of specific toxoplasma antibodies and for the staging of infection in those with positive serology.

Published
1993
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