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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) of a plant extract on implant osseointegration in vivo. NPs of the Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract were synthesized. Twenty Wistar rats were included in the study. The test group (n = 5) had NPs-incorporated, the control group (n = 5) had no incorporation of NPs, and the sham group (n = 5) did not have implants placed. The toxicity profile of NPs was carried out by biochemical analysis before and after the implant placement. The rate of integration was assessed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Digital X-ray, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p

Aim: As more and more dental practitioners are focusing on implant-supported fixed restorations, some clinicians favor the use of cement retained restorations while others consider screw retained prosthesis to be the best choice. Discussion: In screw-retained restorations, the fastening screw provides a solid joint between the restoration and the implant abutment, while in cement-retained prostheses the restorative screw is eliminated to enhance esthetics, occlusal stability, and passive fit of the restorations. The factors that influence the type of fixation of the prostheses to the implants like passivity of the framework, ease of fabrication, occlusion, esthetics, accessibility, retention and retrievability are discussed in this article with scientific studies demonstrating superior outcomes of one technique over another. Screwretained implant restorations have an advantage of predictable retention, retrievability and lack of potentially retained subgingival cement. However, a few disadvantages exist such as precise placement of the implant for optimal and esthetic location of the screw access hole and obtaining passive fit. On the other hand, cement retained restorations eliminate unesthetic screw access holes, have passive fit of castings, reduced complexity of clinical and lab procedures, enhanced esthetics, reduced cost factors and non disrupted morphology of the occlusal table. Conclusion: This article compares the advantages, potential disadvantages and limitations of screw and cement retained restorations and their specific implications in the most common clinical situation.

Aims and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare flexural strength and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion of heat-activated poly (methyl methacrylate [MMA]) resin modified with a comonomer of methacrylic acid (MAA) and MMA monomer. Materials and Methods: Comonomer preparation was done with the addition of varying concentration of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) to the MMA of conventional heat-activated denture base resin to prepare the specimens. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of flexural strength and microbial adhesion. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed for 2 mm/min (n = 10). Microbial adhesion (colony-forming unit [CFU]) was evaluated against S. aureus using a quadrant streaking method (n = 5). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the significant differences among the results were subjected to Tukey's HSD test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of S. aureus for all the groups. Reduction of CFU of S. aureus was found be more significant for Group 3 as compared to control, both at 1-day (P < 0.001) and 1-week (P < 0.002) storage in distilled water. However, no statistically significant changes in the flexural strength were observed with the addition of MAA at 1-day (P = 0.52) and 1-week (P = 0.88) time interval. Conclusion: Addition of MAA to conventional denture base resin reduced the microbial adhesion without significantly affecting the flexural strength.

Implant stability is a requisite characteristic of osseointegration. Without it, long-term success cannot be achieved. Continuous monitoring in a quantitative and objective manner is important to determine the status of implant stability. Measurement of implant stability is a valuable tool for making decisions pertaining to treatment protocol and also improves dentist-patient communication. Owing to the invasive nature of histological analysis, various others methods have been proposed like radiographs, cutting torque resistance, reverse torque, modal analysis, resonance frequency analysis and Implatest® . This review focuses on objectives and various methods to evaluate implant stability.

A patient presented with an unfavorable distribution of teeth in the arch which precluded treatment with a removable partial denture. The unique pattern of partial edentulism was treated with an overdenture restoration using accesspost system. The final restoration was stable, well retained and esthetic, serving as a conservative approach to root preservation.

Purpose: The biomechanical behavior of the two-implant-supported overdenture was compared with that of four-implant supported mandibular overdenture using the three dimensional finite element method (FEM). Thereby evaluating the von Misses stresses induced on the implants under different loading simulations. Materials & Method: Three dimensional models representing mandible restored with two-implantsupported and four-implant-supported prosthesis were developed in the three dimensional design software and then transferred into FEM software. The models were then subjected to four different loading simulations (full mouth biting, canine disclusion, load on cantilever, load in the absence of cantilever). The maximum von Mises stresses were localized and quantified for comparison.1 Results: Among the three models, under all loading simulations, the maximum stress concentrations were along the neck of the implant. The stress levels for full mouth loading simulation was highest for two implant supported overdenture design when compared with the four implant retained overdenture design. In both the designs, the least stress was when the implants were loaded in a lateral direction. The stress levels for cantilever and non-cantilevered designs were nearly the same for all the simulated designs. Conclusion: When tested under different loading simulations, both models showed similar location and distribution of stress patterns. Thus from the study it can be concluded that the four implant retained over denture design is a better treatment option for the atrophic edentulous ridges and induces comparatively less amount of stresses on the edentulous ridges. Therefore the overall longevity of the prosthesis is greatly enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the stress patterns on a four implant supported over denture with that of All-On-Four Concept. Method: The computed tomographic image of the human edentulous mandible was simplified into an arc shaped bone block of 7.5mm thick and 15 mm high with 1mm cortical bone layer. With the help of projector the implant design and dimensions were carefully recorded and same measurements were transferred to the FEA software. Three dimensional finite element analysis models of four implant supported over denture and the model with ALL-On-Four concept were prepared and were exposed to five different loading simulations. Results: From the study it was found that the stress levels during full mouth loading was the highest for the four implant supported over denture compared to the prosthesis with All-On-Four concept. The stress levels for the cantilever and non-cantilever were nearly the same for all the simulated designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an alternative method of fabricating foldable mandibular complete denture using a custom-made hinge assembly.

Purpose: This study investigated and compared the surface roughness achieved by glazing porcelain samples in a conventional and a microwave oven. Materials and Methods: Two commercial brands of metal ceramics were used, VITA VMK MASTER and IPS CLASSIC. Sixty samples were fabricated, 30 for each type of ceramic. The samples were sintered in the conventional oven and hand-polished to remove any irregularities. Samples (n = 10) from each type of ceramic were further divided into three groups as follows: hand-polished (Group A), conventional oven glazed (Group B), and microwave glazed (Group C). Each specimen was evaluated for surface roughness by atomic force microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (a = 0.05). Results: Two-way ANOVA indicated a highly significant difference in surface roughness based on the type of glazing (P < 0.001), there was a significant difference based on the metal ceramics (P = 0.002). There was also a significant interaction between the type of glazing and metal ceramics (P = 0.009). The images obtained from the atomic force microscope corroborated the measured values. Conclusions: All the results indicate that microwave glazing can be a feasible option for glazing porcelain specimens. It was concluded that surface topography is influenced by surface treatment and microwave glazed ceramic is superior to conventional oven glazed ceramic and hand-polishing showed greater surface roughness when compared to glazing. IPS CLASSIC ceramic showed relatively smooth surface when compared to VITA VMK MASTER irrespective of the surface treatment.

The restoration of normal function and esthetics is often challenging in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with hemimandibulectomy defects due to unstable occlusion and mandibular deviation. The extensive period of time for completion of healing of the reconstructed mandible through reconstructive plastic surgery and/or implant-assisted prosthesis may compromise the masticatory function by causing delay in the fabrication of definitive prosthesis. This case report describes a novel technique for the construction of customized attachment-retained mandibular guiding flange prosthesis for immediate rectification of the frontal plane rotation occurring after hemimandibulectomy.

The success of dental implants has long been established through various studies with a particular emphasis laid on an implant design. Crest module is that portion of a two-piece metal dental implant, designed to hold the prosthetic components in place and to create a transition zone to the load bearing implant body. Its design, position in relation to the alveolar crest, and an abutment implant interface makes us believe that, it has a major role in integration to both hard and soft tissues. Unfortunately, in most clinical conditions, early tissue breakdown leading to soft tissue and hard tissue loss begins at this region. Early crestal bone loss is usually highest during the first year after placement ranging from 0.9 to 1.6mm and averaged 0.05-0.13mm in the subsequent years . Various hypotheses have been stated to reason it however, none has been proved convincingly. In light of this, various attempts have been made to overcome this undesirable bone loss, by varying an implant design, the position, surgical protocol, and the prosthetic options. Irrespective of an implant system and designs that are used, crestal bone loss of up to the first thread is often observed. The purpose of this review is to look into the various designs and treatment modalities, which have been introduced into the crest module of an implant body to achieve the best biomechanical and esthetic result.

There are numerous variables governing the formation of new bone around a dental implant. Of those variables, the implant surface is an important factor influencing the quality of osseointergration. Numerous techniques and materials have been used to alter the surface of an implant to enhance osseointergration and improve the survival and success rate. One such modification is utilizing graphene to modify the surface of an implant. This paper summarizes data collected form articles published in online databases in the past 10 years about the various means of modifying the implant surfaces and provides an in-depth review of the impact of graphene incorporation in dental implants. The document comprised of different sections and emphasized on the use of graphene as an implant surface coating material. The role of graphene on flexural strength, hardness and corrosion resistance have been discussed under mechanical properties whereas the potential of this combination on the osteogenesis, osseointergration and soft tissue seal is covered under biological properties. Lastly, how this combination acts as a drug delivery carrier and renders antimicrobial property has been addressed under pharmacological properties. This review has highlighted the various applications of graphene in the field of implant dentistry. It has outlined the various implant surface modifying methods and thrown light on the various affect this combination has on the mechanical, biological and pharmacological properties. Considering the various research done on the material, it can be concluded that graphene does have a bright future in implant dentistry and continued research in this area will provide fruitful benefits., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)