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1. A Case Report on Hepatic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis as the Manifestation of Progression to Secondary Myelofibrosis in a Patient with Essential Thrombocytopenia

Author

Kaitlin I. McArthur, Philip N. Papayanis, Michael H. K. Nguyen, Yahya Daneshbod, and Mojtaba Akhtari

Subjects
myelofibrosis, essential thrombocytopenia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which include primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocytopenia (ET), are characterized by the clonal proliferation of mature blood cells as a result of the overactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), a common complication of PMF, occurs due to the dysregulation of the bone marrow microenvironment. We report an interesting case of a 73-year-old female with a working diagnosis of ET who was found to have EMH in the liver on biopsy after she had newly onset elevated liver enzymes and her ET had progressed to secondary myelofibrosis. We conclude that in patients with MPN who have rising liver enzymes, EMH in the liver should be part of the differential diagnosis. In addition, we believe that EMH is a sign of progression from MPN to secondary myelofibrosis and that it is imperative for performing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in order to reassess hematopoiesis and to look for bone marrow fibrosis as well as evidence of progression.

Published
2022
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3. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE ZEUS CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR

Author

C.K. Sinclair, D.E. Clark, I. McArthur, J.C.H. Roberts, D. Hayes, E.W.G. Wallis, G.A. Blair, R.D. Wilson, C.G. Auty, T.J. Fraser, K.L. Yeo, John Hart, P. O'Brien, B.T. Payne, K.N. Nobbs, M.D. Gibson, A. Middleton, D.J. White, J.W. Hiddleston, D. B. Miller, L W Toudup, J. Dumper, D.G. Miller, D. H. Saxon, C.B. Brooks, D. Morrow, N.C. Martin, J. Malos, I.A. Vine, F. F. Wilson, M Morrissey, R.L. Wastie, R.W. Hatley, D.E. Strachan, C. Markou, F. W. Bullock, W. Linford, T.B. Shaw, R. J. Cashmore, J. Nash, M.T. Williams, B. Foster, A.T. Hanford, Neville Harnew, N. A. McCubbin, A.K. Jamdagni, T. W. Jones, and A.R. Holmes

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Track (disk drive), Detector, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Electronic design, Aerospace engineering, business, Instrumentation, Event (particle physics), High magnetic field
Abstract

The mechanical, electrical and electronic design and construction of the ZEUS central tracking detector are described, together with the chamber monitoring and environmental control. This cylindrical drift chamber is designed for track reconstruction, electron identification and fast event triggering in a high beam-crossing rate, high magnetic field application.

Published
2016

4. Homoeology of Thinopyrum junceum and Elymus rectisetus chromosomes to wheat and disease resistance conferred by the Thinopyrum and Elymus chromosomes in wheat

Author

Rebekah E. Oliver, R. W. Stack, Rachel I. McArthur, Xiwen Cai, Richard R.-C. Wang, Xianwen Zhu, Daryl L. Klindworth, and Steven S. Xu

Subjects
Elymus, food.ingredient, Breeding, Plant disease resistance, Stem rust, Chromosomes, Plant, food, Species Specificity, Thinopyrum, Botany, Genetics, Common wheat, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Triticum, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, biology, food and beverages, Chromosome, biology.organism_classification, Blotting, Southern, Stagonospora, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Ug99
Abstract

Thirteen common wheat "Chinese Spring" (CS)-Thinopyrum junceum addition lines and three common wheat "Fukuhokomuji"(Fuku)-Elymus rectisetus addition lines were characterized and verified as disomic additions of a Th. junceum or E. rectisetus chromosome in the wheat backgrounds by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization. Another Fuku-E. rectisetus addition line, A1048, was found to contain multiple segregating E. rectisetus chromosomes. Seven partial CS-Th. junceum amphiploids were identified to combine 12-16 Th. junceum chromosomes with CS wheat chromosomes. The disomic addition lines AJDAj5, 7, 8, 9, and HD3508 were identified to contain a Th. junceum chromosome in homoeologous group 1. Two of them, AJDAj7 and AJDAj9, had the same Th. junceum chromosome. AJDAj2, 3, and 4 contained a Th. junceum chromosome in group 2, HD3505 in group 4, AJDAj6 and AJDAj11 in group 5, and AJDAj1 probably in group 6. The disomic addition lines A1026 and A1057 were identified to carry an E. rectisetus chromosome in group 1 and A1034 in group 5. E. rectisetus chromosomes in groups 1-6 were detected in A1048. The homoeologous group of the Th. junceum chromosome in HD3515 could not be determined in this study. Several Th. junceum and E. rectisetus chromosomes in the addition lines were found to contain genes for resistance to Fusarium head blight, tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, and stem rust (Ug99 races). Understanding of the homoeology of the Th. junceum and E. rectisetus chromosomes with wheat will facilitate utilization of the favorable genes on these alien chromosomes in wheat improvement.

Published
2012
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5. Semi-synthetic DNA shuffling of aveC leads to improved industrial scale production of doramectin by Streptomyces avermitilis

Author

Hamish A. I. McArthur, Ronald Fedechko, Richard John Fox, Steve Conlon, Stephane J. Jenne, Anke Krebber, Kim Seran, Charlene La, Ying-Xin Zhang, Na Trinh, Yan Chen, Kim Jonelle Stutzman-Engwall, Claes Gustafsson, and Katja Pekrun

Subjects
Pilot Projects, Bioengineering, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Industrial Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Doramectin, Gene, Avermectin, Regulation of gene expression, Mutation, Ivermectin, biology, Wild type, Genetic Variation, DNA Shuffling, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, biology.organism_classification, Streptomyces, DNA shuffling, Genetic Enhancement, Biochemistry, chemistry, Directed Molecular Evolution, Streptomyces avermitilis, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract

The avermectin analog doramectin (CHC-B1), sold commercially as Dectomax, is biosynthesized by Streptomyces avermitilis. aveC, a gene encoding an unknown mechanistic function, plays an essential role in the production of doramectin (avermectin CHC-B1), modulating the production ratio of CHC-B1 to other avermectins, most notably the undesirable analog CHC-B2. To improve the production ratio for doramectin, the aveC gene was subjected to iterative rounds of semi-synthetic DNA shuffling. Libraries of shuffled aveC gene variants were transformed into S. avermitilis, screened using a miniaturized 96-well growth and production format, and analyzed by high throughput mass spectrometry to determine CHC-B2:CHC-B1 ratios. Several improved aveC variants were identified; the best shuffled gene encoded 10 amino acid mutations, and conferred a final CHC-B2:CHC-B1 ratio of 0.07:1, a 23-fold improvement over the starting gene (aveC wild type). Chromosomal insertion of an improved aveC shuffled gene into a high titer S. avermitilis strain yielded an improved doramectin production strain. This strain is under development to be used commercially, and is expected to provide considerable cost savings in large-scale manufacture, as well as significantly reducing by-product levels of CHC-B2 requiring disposal.

Published
2005
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6. Engineering specificity of starter unit selection by the erythromycin-producing polyketide synthase

Author

Peter F. Leadlay, Paul F. Long, Nicholas J. Dunster, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Marko Oliynyk, Carmen Méndez, Christian Bisang, Jesus Cortes, Ellen L. McCormick, José A. Salas, Christopher J. Wilkinson, and James Staunton

Subjects
Oleandomycin, Arginine, Decarboxylation, Active site, Biology, Microbiology, Acylation, Polyketide, Biochemistry, Acyltransferase, Polyketide synthase, biology.protein, medicine, Molecular Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Chain initiation on many modular polyketide synthases is mediated by acyl transfer from the CoA ester of a dicarboxylic acid, followed by decarboxylation in situ by KSQ, a ketosynthase-like decarboxylase domain. Consistent with this, the acyltransferase (AT) domains of all KSQ-containing loading modules are shown here to contain a key arginine residue at their active site. Site-specific replacement of this arginine residue in the oleandomycin (ole) loading AT domain effectively abolished AT activity, consistent with its importance for catalysis. Substitution of the ole PKS loading module, or of the tylosin PKS loading module, for the erythromycin (ery) loading module gave polyketide products almost wholly either acetate derived or propionate derived, respectively, instead of the mixture found normally. An authentic extension module AT domain, rap AT2 from the rapamycin PKS, functioned appropriately when engineered in the place of the ole loading AT domain, and gave rise to substantial amounts of C13-methylerythromycins, as predicted. The role of direct acylation of the ketosynthase domain of ex-tension module 1 in chain initiation was confirmed by demonstrating that a mutant of the triketide synthase DEBS1-TE, in which the 4'-phosphopante-theine attachment site for starter acyl groups was specifically removed, produced triketide lactone pro-ducts in detectable amounts.

Published
2002
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7. Recent developments in the area of macrolide antibiotics

Author

Takushi Kaneko, Joyce A. Sutcliffe, and Hamish A. I. McArthur

Subjects
Pharmacology, biology, medicine.drug_class, Stereochemistry, Antibiotics, General Medicine, Computational biology, Macrolide Antibiotics, Macrolide resistance, Combinatorial biosynthesis, Polyketide synthase, Drug Discovery, medicine, biology.protein, Macrocyclic lactone, Ketolide, medicine.drug
Abstract

There have been exciting developments in the area of macrolide antibiotics recently. This activity largely stems from the discovery and development of a new class of agents called ketolides. They are more potent than erythromycin A and active against macrolide-resistant pathogens. At the same time, our knowledge of the mechanism of action of macrolides has been refined and resistance mechanisms have been elucidated. By employing new chemical methods and combinatorial biosynthesis, qualitatively different kinds of derivatives are being synthesised. Alternative non-infective uses for macrolide templates are also being explored. These areas are reviewed primarily in relation to 14-membered macrolides.

Published
2000
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8. Fatty-acid biosynthesis in a branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis

Author

C. D. Denoya, H. A. I. Mcarthur, A. A. Smogowicz, T. A. Cropp, E. W. Hafner, and K. A. Reynolds

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Immunology, Mutant, Fatty acid, Dehydrogenase, General Medicine, Bacillus subtilis, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Fatty acid synthase, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biosynthesis, Biochemistry, Genetics, biology.protein, Membrane fluidity, Molecular Biology, Streptomyces avermitilis
Abstract

Fatty-acid biosynthesis by a branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (bkd) mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis was analyzed. This mutant is unable to produce the appropriate precursors of branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) biosynthesis, but unlike the comparable Bacillus subtilis mutant, was shown not to have an obligate growth requirement for these precursors. The bkd mutant produced only straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with membrane fluidity provided entirely by unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), the levels of which increased dramatically compared to the wild-type strain. The levels of UFAs increased in both the wild-type and bkd mutant strains as the growth temperature was lowered from 37 degrees C to 24 degrees C, suggesting that a regulatory mechanism exists to alter the proportion of UFAs in response either to a loss of BCFA biosynthesis, or a decreased growth temperature. No evidence of a regulatory mechanism for BCFAs was observed, as the types of these fatty acids, which contribute significantly to membrane fluidity, did not alter when the wild-type S. avermitilis was grown at different temperatures. The principal UFA produced by S. avermitilis was shown to be delta 9-hexadecenoate, the same fatty acid produced by Escherichia coli. This observation, and the inability of S. avermitilis to convert exogenous labeled palmitate to the corresponding UFA, was shown to be consistent with an anaerobic pathway for UFA biosynthesis. Incorporation studies with the S. avermitilis bkd mutant demonstrated that the fatty acid synthase has a remarkably broad substrate specificity and is able to process a wide range of exogenous branched chain carboxylic acids into unusual BCFAs.

Published
2000
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9. Genes encoding acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (AcdH) homologues from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis provide insights into the metabolism of small branched-chain fatty acids and macrolide antibiotic production The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences described in this paper are AF142581 (Streptomyces coelicolor) and AF143210 (Streptomyces avermitilis)

Author

Ronald Fedechko, Richard A. Davies, C. Richard Hutchinson, Sandra Lobo, Claudio D. Denoya, Hamish A. I. McArthur, M R Morgenstern, Ying-Xin Zhang, Kevin A. Reynolds, and Deborah D. Skinner

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Streptomyces coelicolor, Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, Dehydrogenase, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Amino acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biosynthesis, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Leucine, Isoleucine, Streptomyces avermitilis
Abstract

The cloning, using a PCR approach, of genes from both Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis encoding an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (AcdH), putatively involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, is reported. The deduced amino acid sequences of both genes have a high similarity to prokaryotic and eukaryotic short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. When the S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis acyl-CoA dehydrogenase genes (acdH) were expressed in Escherichia coli, each of the AcdH flavoproteins was able to oxidize the branched-chain acyl-CoA derivatives isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA and cyclohexylcarbonyl-CoA, as well as the short straight-chain acyl-CoAs n-butyryl-CoA and n-valeryl-CoA in vitro. NMR spectral data confirmed that the oxidized product of isobutyryl-CoA is methacrylyl-CoA, which is the expected product at the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase step in the catabolism of valine in streptomycetes. Disruption of the S. avermitilis acdH produced a mutant unable to grow on solid minimal medium containing valine, isoleucine or leucine as sole carbon sources. Feeding studies with 13C triple-labelled isobutyrate revealed a significant decrease in the incorporation of label into the methylmalonyl-CoA-derived positions of avermectin in the acdH mutant. In contrast the mutation did not affect incorporation into the malonyl-CoA-derived positions of avermectin. These results are consistent with the acdH gene encoding an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity that has a role in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis.

Published
1999
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10. PP05.3 – 2433: Case series of late presenting Vein of Galen Aneurysmal (VGAM) malformation: clinical features, angiographical features, interventions and outcomes

Author

T.H. Yeo, J.J. Bhattacharya, S. Joseph, and I. McArthur

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Macrocephaly, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Choroidal fissure, Surgery, Hydrocephalus, Shunt (medical), Catheter, Epilepsy, Venous thrombosis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Global developmental delay, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Objective/Method VGAM is a rare embryonic arteriovenous shunt located in the midline in the choroidal fissure. The age of presentation is usually in the neonatal period. Rarely, children presents in later childhood with macrocephaly or prominent facial veins secondary to venous outflow obstruction. Retrospective review of late presenting cases, defined as those presenting beyond neonatal period, managed by the Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow, one of the two major tertiary referral centre in United Kingdom, between 2000–2014 was undertaken in order to characterise clinical features, angiographical characteristics, interventions and outcomes. Results 13 children (9 male,4 female), age range 5.5 weeks–4 years and 8 months (median 5 months, mean 13 months) were identified. Presenting complaints were; macrocephaly 46%, prominent facial veins 30%, murmur 23% and headache 7%. The angiographic types were 70% Choroidal, 23% Mixed and 7% Mural. Echocardiography was normal in 60% and abnormal in 40%. All cases with abnormal Echocardiography findings presented below 5 months-old, except one whom presented at 3 years-old. Hydrocephalus was noted at presentation in 46%. 23% developed hydrocephalus post-embolisation and required ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Total embolisation procedure numbers ranged from 1–6 (mean2.3). 46% led to complete occlusion, 23% have small remnant vessels not amenable for safe catheter position. 2 patients are planned for further embolisations. 1 had no further embolisation due to high risk. Post-embolisation complications were seen in 3cases. These were 2 post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus and 1 venous thrombosis with hydrocephalus. The age range at current follow-up is 0.5 to 15 years-old. 57% has no neurodevelopmental difficulty. Adverse outcomes ranged from 2 patients with motor co-ordination difficulties, 2 learning impairment and epilepsy, 1 hemiplegia and 1 global developmental delay. Conclusion This case series provides an insight into unique characteristics and better outcomes of this rare subgroup of VGAM patients who have presented in the infancy and later childhood.

Published
2015
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11. In vivo analysis of straight-chain and branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in three actinomycetes

Author

Hamish A. I. McArthur, Kimberlee K. Wallace, Kevin A. Reynolds, and Bitao Zhao

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Coenzyme A, Fatty Acids, Catabolite repression, food and beverages, Fatty acid, Metabolism, Microbiology, Streptomyces, Amino acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isomerism, Biochemistry, Biosynthesis, Valine, Genetics, Acyl Coenzyme A, Molecular Biology, Saccharopolyspora, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The starter units for branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis was investigated in vivo in three actinomycetes using stable isotopes. Branched-chain fatty acids, which constitute the majority of the fatty acid pool, were confirmed to be biosynthesized using the amino acid degradation products methylbutyryl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA as starter units. Straight-chain fatty acids were shown to be constructed using butyryl-CoA as a starter unit. Isomerization of the valine catabolite isobutyryl-CoA was shown to be only a minor source of this butyryl-CoA.

Published
1995
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12. The performance of the ZEUS central tracking detector z-by-timing electronics in a transputer based data acquisition system

Author

S. Quinton, T. Khatri, Greg P Heath, J. Nash, M. Postranecky, D.B. Allen, M Morrissey, P.M. Hallam-Baker, I. McArthur, M.D. Jeffs, P. Morawitz, B. Foster, Neville Harnew, T. J. Llewellyn, P.D. Shield, S. Topp-Jorgensen, R.C. Carter, D.M. Gingrich, J.B. Lane, and F. F. Wilson

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, ZEUS (particle detector), business.industry, Transputer, Detector, Process (computing), HERA, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Data acquisition, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The Central Tracking Detector of the ZEUS experiment employs a time difference technique to measure the z coordinate of each hit. The method provides fast, three-dimensional space point measurements which are used as input to all levels of the ZEUS trigger. Such a tracking trigger is essential in order to discriminate against events with vertices lying outside the nominal electron-proton interaction region. Since the beam crossing interval of the HERA collider is 96 ns, all data must be pipelined through the front-end readout electronics. Subsequent data aquisition employs a novel technique which utilizes a network of approximately 120 INMOS transputers to process the data in parallel. The z-by-timing method and its data aquisition have been employed successfully in recording and reconstructing tracks from electron-proton interactions in ZEUS. © 1993.

Published
1993
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14. ChemInform Abstract: Novel Erythromycins from a Recombinant Saccharopolyspora erythraea Strain NRRL 2338 pIG1. Part 1. Fermentation, Isolation, and Biological Activity

Author

Peter Francis Leadlay, Michael Stephen Pacey, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Robert A. Monday, John P. Dirlam, Ellen L. McCormick, Roderick W. Geldart, Thomas N. O'Connell, James Staunton, and Toby Winchester

Subjects
biology, Strain (chemistry), Chemistry, Erythromycin, Biological activity, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Isolation (microbiology), law.invention, Biochemistry, law, Recombinant DNA, medicine, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Fermentation, medicine.drug
Published
2010
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15. A measurement of σtot(γp) at

Author

Ada Solano, S. Limentani, M. Z. Wang, G.A. Blair, A. Seidman, Stan Bentvelsen, D. Haun, Giuseppe Iacobucci, S. Kartik, Francois Corriveau, A. Kotański, P. Morawitz, S. Kasai, A. Cassidy, M. Nakahata, Marco Schioppa, P. G. Pelfer, S.J.P. Smith, K. U. Pösnecker, J. Nash, U. Schneekloth, T. Neumann, T. Barillari, Y. Eisenberg, M. M. Mobayyen, R. Seidlein, A. Mass, Roberto Casalbuoni, S. Kitamura, P.F. Ermolov, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, A. Shapira, Fernando Barreiro, D. Monaldi, K. Heinloth, R. Casaccia, H. Müsch, P. Cloth, J. Kochocki, Mauro Morandin, Z. Jakubowski, Giuseppe Levi, I. Gialas, R. Imlay, Rosario Nania, S. De Jong, S. Magill, A. Prinias, K. Jelen, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, H. Kowalski, F. Ciralli, W. Koch, F. J. Sciulli, A. Hofmann, Tadeusz Kowalski, C.J.S. Morgado, A. Freidhof, Michele Arneodo, N.C. Roocroft, S. Kramarczyk, L. W. Hung, J. Engelen, G. Poelz, James Crittenden, A. Dannemann, G. Sartorelli, A Furtjes, F. Gasparini, A. A. Savin, J. F. Labs, L. Suszycki, A. Bargende, W. Dorth, F. Dal Corso, J. Straver, L. Hagge, N. Dyce, Tobias M. Haas, T. Hasegawa, A. Leich, A. Margotti, Roberto Carlin, Shoichi Yamada, R.C.E. Devenish, Debades Bandyopadhyay, D. Revel, A. A. Voronin, T. Ishii, B. Lisowski, T. J. Llewellyn, A. Stopczyński, C. Voci, Silvia Maselli, M. Momayezi, G. Laurenti, G. Barbagli, G. Cara Romeo, E. Tscheslog, S. Nagayama, R. Ayed, R. L. Talaga, S. Bhadra, F. Ikraiam, G. Cases, R. Yoshida, B.D. Burow, I. Butterworth, T. Kȩdzierski, Y. Iga, J. M. Pawlak, A. Vorvolakos, D. McQuillan, A. Zichichi, Matthias Kasemann, R. Timellini, A. Dake, D. Notz, C. Nemoz, K. Muchorowski, N. H. Brook, T.L. Short, R. R. McNeil, Ta Romanowski, Daniele Dominici, R. Wedemeyer, J.D. Prentice, E. Barberis, Samuel Silverstein, K. Charchuła, P. Erhard, Jens Hartmann, T. W. Jones, Anna Goussiou, M. Löwe, R. Loveless, U. Mallik, T. Khatri, J.W. Mitchell, Greg P Heath, L. Chen, Eduardo Ros, R. J. Cashmore, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, R. J. Teuscher, M. Geerts, K. Blankenship, Luis Labarga, J. J. Whitmore, M. Derrick, T. Tymieniecka, Danuta Kisielewska, C.R. Sampson, R. J. Seifert, P.M. Hallam-Baker, H. Dabbous, M. de Kamps, N. Pavel, G. Grzelak, J. F. Martin, P. Kooijman, F. F. Wilson, M. Chiarini, U. Kötz, Vivian O'Dell, H. J. Kim, T. C. Bacon, M. Lomperski, Stefano Maria Mari, R. Gläser, Guenter Wolf, A. Bernstein, Y. Zamora Garcia, A. Francescato, C. Youngman, Hideki Okuno, W. Burkot, R. J. Nowak, S. De Pasquale, J.K. Mayer, S. Schlenstedt, I. Laakso, M. Brkic, J. K. Bienlein, R. Szwed, D. Shaw, P. J. Bussey, S. Qian, G. D'Agostini, Ben Bylsma, B. Lu, J. Milewski, J. Krüger, J. F. de Trocóniz, M. Nuti, J. Schroeder, H. Chaves, Masashi Hazumi, L. Zawiejski, T. Y. Ling, P. de Jong, Q. Lin, Inkyu Park, F. Benard, G. Zech, S. De Curtis, H. Hartmann, Y. Nakamitsu, Katsuo Tokushuku, Giovanni Abbiendi, M.I. Ferrero, R. J. Tapper, Robert Klanner, M. Rohde, N. A. McCubbin, T. S. Yoon, K. Wick, B. Musgrave, I. Fleck, Thomas Trefzger, A.G. Tenner, H.-P. Jakob, H. van der Lugt, Umberto Dosselli, J.B. Lane, E. Paul, David Cussans, Janusz Chwastowski, K. Sugano, Rr Rau, R. Brugnera, L. S. Durkin, J. N. Lim, A. Contin, W. Weihs, D. J. Gilkinson, V. A. Kuzmin, D. C. Bailey, E. A. De Wolf, G. Jahnen, Claudia Glasman, Sridhara Dasu, M. De Giorgi, Halina Abramowicz, K. Stojda, W. Metcalf, F. Turkot, R. Stanek, U. Holm, S. Mengel, J. Mainusch, Gm Levman, B. Gutjahr, Luca Stanco, C. Markou, M. Adamus, G. Marini, B. Löhr, E. Badura, M. Kückes, Np Zotov, A.K. Wróblewski, A. Bamberger, C. Rethfeldt, W. Schott, F. Selonke, E. Hilger, T. Bienz, G. Bruni, S. D'Auria, P. Joos, Cd Catterall, R. Heifetz, F. Arzarello, M. Rost, A. Meyer, B. Foster, F. W. Bullock, Mariusz Flasiński, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Krzyżanowski, A. Byrne, Neville Harnew, J. Roldán, B. Schneider, M. Lancaster, D.D. Reeder, A. Montag, B. Diekmann, B.Y. Oh, E. Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, J.A. Zakrzewski, C. A. Heusch, C. Raine, P. Nylander, J. Leslie, J. Del Peso, T. Watanabe, C. Li, Lucia Votano, E. Lohrmann, Kr Long, C. Fordham, G. Castellini, M. Zachara, H. Kreutzmann, L.E. Sinclair, J. C. Vermeulen, M. Mattioli, R. van Woudenberg, G. Theisen, U. Karshon, Lothar At Bauerdick, T. Woeniger, L. Lamberti, F.S. Chlebana, K.M. Furutani, M.B. Crombie, H. Uijterwaal, P.M. Patel, A.F. Żarnecki, W. Schulz, Luis Hervas, D. Boscherini, W.N. Murray, G. Anzivino, G. Susinno, M. Nakao, P. Borzemski, R. S. Orr, P. B. Straub, E.E. Ronat, B. Behrens, Nicolo Cartiglia, J. Ciborowski, R. Ullmann, S. Yang, V.A. Jamieson, M. Dardo, C. Coldewey, R.S. Gilmore, H.J. Grabosch, B. Krebs, F. Zetsche, J. L. Thron, D. Lüke, T. Poser, M. Bonori, Maurizio Basile, S. Nickel, L. Bellagamba, D. B. Miller, J. Gajewski, T. Massam, J. Biltzinger, A.H. Walenta, H. Hultschig, H. Kammerlocher, B. H. Wiik, John Hart, I. Ali, Wr Frisken, S. Ritz, D. S. Hanna, L.W. Wiggers, Masami Chiba, G. Maccarrone, Klaus Kurt Desch, C. Del Papa, I. McArthur, P. Bruni, Costas Foudas, L.W. Mo, Michele Guida, Jose Repond, W. H. Smith, A. Caldwell, G.G. Stairs, G. Gloth, Mário Costa, U. Contino, T. Tsurugai, E. McCliment, J.C. Giddings, D.M. Gingrich, A. Seiden, F. Frasconi, M. Przybycień, F. Palmonari, S.S. Wilson, D. Zer-Zion, A. T. Doyle, A.M. Khan, R. Schattevoy, G. Bari, J.-L. Schneider, W. Vogel, P. Luffman, K. Eskreys, T.P. Shah, D. H. Saxon, J.S.T. Ng, P. Göttlicher, B. Hubbard, M. Ptacek, Aharon Levy, J.R. Forbes, K.W. McLean, D. Krakauer, A. Ladage, S. Söldner-Rembold, M. Iori, A. Nigro, Y. Nagasawa, A. Dwuraźny, J. Mollen, H.F. Fawcett, E.N. Kuznetsov, O. Mańczak, G. F. Hartner, U. Camerini, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, S. Dagan, R. Walczak, Yu. A. Golubkov, H. Tiecke, M. Posocco, Geoffrey Smith, Detlef Filges, D. K. Hasell, K. O'Shaughnessy, A. Kruse, J. Shulman, R. Salomon, Juan Terron, M. Kasprzak, P. Giusti, G. Drews, J. A. Parsons, W. Hain, K. Dierks, J. M. Butterworth, J. Zaja̧c, B. Nizioł, A. Eskreys, S. K. Park, Amedeo Staiano, Tachishige Hirose, M. Kuze, R. Hamatsu, J. Kulka, L. Wai, P.L. Makkar, R. Stroili, C. Peroni, M. Roco, G. Geitz, W. Kröger, Dg Stairs, J. Malos, and C. Fanin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Photon, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Detector, Virtual particle, HERA, Particle detector, Particle scattering, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The total photoproduction cross section is determined from a measurement of electroproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The Q2 values of the virtual photons are in the range 10−7

Published
1992
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16. Branched-chain fatty acid requirement for avermectin production by a mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis lacking branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity

Author

Shih-Jen Edward Lee, Edmund William Hafner, D. Beck, B. W. Holley, Kelvin Scott Holdom, H. A. I. Mcarthur, Richard Gerald Wax, and William C. Wernau

Subjects
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide), Isobutyric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Multienzyme Complexes, Valine, Drug Discovery, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Avermectin, Anthelmintics, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ivermectin, biology, Fatty Acids, Ketone Oxidoreductases, biology.organism_classification, Streptomyces, Culture Media, Amino acid, chemistry, Biochemistry, Fermentation, Mutation, Leucine, Isoleucine, Streptomyces avermitilis, Organic acid
Abstract

The eight natural avermectins produced by Streptomyces avermitilis have the carbon skeleton of either isobutyric or S-2-methylbutyric acid incorporated into their structures. A mutant of S. avermitilis has been isolated that contains no functional branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity. The mutant, in contrast to its parent, is unable to grow with isoleucine, valine and leucine as carbon sources. In medium lacking both S(+)-2-methylbutyric and isobutyric acid, the mutant is also incapable of making the natural avermectins, while supplementation with either one of these compounds restores production of the corresponding four natural avermectins. These facts indicate that in S. avermitilis the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase enzyme functions not only to catabolize the cellular branched-chain amino acids in order to meet energy and growth requirements but also to provide the small branched-chain organic acid precursor molecules necessary for avermectin biosynthesis. Supplementation of the mutant strain with R(-)-2-methylbutyric acid yields novel isomeric avermectins unseen in the (unsupplemented) wild-type strain. It was also concluded that acetate and propionate production by branched-chain 2-oxo acid degradation is not absolutely essential for avermectin production.

Published
1991
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17. Data acquisition for the Zeus central tracking detector

Author

I. McArthur, D. Allen, S. Quinton, and D. Campbell

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Transputer, Detector, Electrical engineering, DESY, HERA, law.invention, Superconducting Super Collider, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Collider, Computer hardware
Abstract

The transputer-based data acquisition system for the Zeus central tracking detector is described. The Zeus experiment is being installed on the Hera electron-proton collider being built at the Desy laboratory in Hamburg. The high-beam crossover rate of the Hera machine will provide experience in data acquisition and triggering relevant to the environment of future accelerators. The front-end data acquisition system, the crate readout system, and the system readout are described. The readout controller is discussed. The current status and future developments are outlined for this architecture. >

Published
1990
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18. PP05.4 – 2566: Developmental outcomes in children treated for vein of Galen malformation

Author

J.J. Bhattacharya, I. McArthur, and T.H. Yeo

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Clinical course, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Case review, Hydrocephalus, Catheter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Age groups, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Screening tool, Neurology (clinical), business, Vein
Abstract

Objective To describe the clinical course, developmental outcomes and co-morbidities over the first 6 years of life in children with Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) who were treated with catheter embolisation treatment at a single UK centre between January 2000 and October 2012. Methods Retrospective case review of 28 children who underwent embolisation treatment. 6 children died in the first few weeks of life and were excluded from the data set. Developmental data was collected at key stages: Birth, 6–8 weeks, 3–6m, 12–18m, 24–36m and 48–72m. Data was collected and analysed using the Denver II Developmental Screening Tool and the Bicetre Admission and Outcome Score (VGAM specific tool). The number of embolisations treatments and other clinical morbidities was collected. Results All children treated within the study group survived. Developmental morbidity was present in one or more developmental parameter in all the key stages. The percentage of children presenting with normal development changed across the developmental stages: 95.5% aged 6–8 weeks – 55.5% at 48–72 months using the Denver tool in comparison to 40.9% using the Bicetre Outcome Score. Gross motor delay was the most significant finding in all age groups. Seizures and shunted hydrocephalus were associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion Assessing developmental outcomes at various key stages, provides a clearer understanding of the Neurodevelopmental phenotype of children treated for VGAM. The ability for developmental catch up was noted in some developmental parameters. Clear themes emerged to indicate the importance of co-existing morbidities on developmental outcomes. A multi-disciplinary proactive approach to target services at the point of need is essential to maximise individual children's developmental outcomes.

Published
2015
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19. GridPP: development of the UK computing Grid for particle physics

Author

The GridPP Collaboration, P J W Faulkner, L S Lowe, C L A Tan, P M Watkins, D S Bailey, T A Barrass, N H Brook, R J H Croft, M P Kelly, C K Mackay, S Metson, O J E Maroney, D M Newbold, F F Wilson, P R Hobson, A Khan, P Kyberd, J J Nebrensky, M Bly, C Brew, S Burke, R Byrom, J Coles, L A Cornwall, A Djaoui, L Field, S M Fisher, G T Folkes, N I Geddes, J C Gordon, S J C Hicks, J G Jensen, G Johnson, D Kant, D P Kelsey, G Kuznetsov, J Leake, R P Middleton, G N Patrick, G Prassas, B J Saunders, D Ross, R A Sansum, T Shah, B Strong, O Synge, R Tam, M Thorpe, S Traylen, J F Wheeler, N G H White, A J Wilson, I Antcheva, E Artiaga, J Beringer, I G Bird, J Casey, A J Cass, R Chytracek, M V Gallas Torreira, J Generowicz, M Girone, G Govi, F Harris, M Heikkurinen, A Horvath, E Knezo, M Litmaath, M Lubeck, J Moscicki, I Neilson, E Poinsignon, W Pokorski, A Ribon, Z Sekera, D H Smith, W L Tomlin, J E van Eldik, J Wojcieszuk, F M Brochu, S Das, K Harrison, M Hayes, J C Hill, C G Lester, M J Palmer, M A Parker, M Nelson, M R Whalley, E W N Glover, P Anderson, P J Clark, A D Earl, A Holt, A Jackson, B Joo, R D Kenway, C M Maynard, J Perry, L Smith, S Thorn, A S Trew, W H Bell, M Burgon-Lyon, D G Cameron, A T Doyle, A Flavell, S J Hanlon, D J Martin, G McCance, A P Millar, C Nicholson, S K Paterson, A Pickford, P Soler, F Speirs, R St Denis, A S Thompson, D Britton, W Cameron, D Colling, G Davies, P Dornan, U Egede, K Georgiou, P Lewis, B MacEvoy, S Marr, J Martyniak, H Tallini, S Wakefield, R Walker, I A Bertram, E Bouhova-Thacker, D Evans, R C W Henderson, R W L Jones, P Love, S Downing, M P George, A C Irving, C McNeile, Z Sroczynski, M Tobin, A J Washbrook, R J Barlow, S Dallison, G Fairey, A Forti, R E Hughes-Jones, M A S Jones, S Kaushal, R Marshall, A McNab, S Salih, J C Werner, V Bartsch, C Cioffi, P Gronbech, N Harnew, J F Harris, B T Huffman, M Leslie, I McArthur, R Newman, A Soroko, I Stokes-Rees, S Stonjek, J Tseng, D Waters, G Wilkinson, T R Arter, R A Cordenonsi, A S Datta, T Hartin, S L Lloyd, A J Martin, S E Pearce, C J Williams, M Gardner, S George, B J Green, S Johal, G Rybkine, J A Strong, P Teixeira-Dias, P Hodgson, M Robinson, D R Tovey, N J C Spooner, C R Allton, W Armour, P Clarke, P Mealor, B Waugh, and B West

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Work (electrical), Grid computing, Research council, Grid, computer.software_genre, computer, Computing systems, Central laboratory
Abstract

The GridPP Collaboration is building a UK computing Grid for particle physics, as part of the international effort towards computing for the Large Hadron Collider. The project, funded by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), began in September 2001 and completed its first phase 3 years later. GridPP is a collaboration of approximately 100 researchers in 19 UK university particle physics groups, the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils and CERN, reflecting the strategic importance of the project. In collaboration with other European and US efforts, the first phase of the project demonstrated the feasibility of developing, deploying and operating a Grid-based computing system to meet the UK needs of the Large Hadron Collider experiments. This note describes the work undertaken to achieve this goal. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2006

20. Production of Tuberactinamine A by Streptomyces griseoverticillatus var. tuberacticus NRRL 3482 Fed with (S)-2-Aminoethyl-L-cysteine

Author

T. Kevin Murphy, Brook Knight Morse, John W. Wong, Richard Gerald Wax, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Gagne John William, Adam A. Smogowicz, Matt H. Narrol, Maria S. Brown, David Austen Perry, and Ellen L. McCormick

Subjects
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Pharmacology, biology, Streptomycetaceae, Stereochemistry, biology.organism_classification, Streptomyces, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, chemistry, Fermentation, Drug Discovery, Botany, Enviomycin, Cysteine, Actinomycetales, Bacteria, Antibacterial agent
Published
1997
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21. Biosynthesis of the Shikimate-derived Starter Unit of the Immunosuppressant Ascomycin: Stereochemistry of the 1,4-Conjugate Elimination

Author

Sandeep Handa, Heinz G. Floss, Kevin A. Reynolds, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Kimberlee K. Wallace, and Maria S. Brown

Subjects
Pharmacology, Molecular Structure, Stereochemistry, Streptomycetaceae, Stereoisomerism, Metabolism, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Streptomyces, Tacrolimus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, chemistry, Drug Discovery, medicine, Ascomycin, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug, Conjugate
Published
1997
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22. Direct production of ivermectin-like drugs after domain exchange in the avermectin polyketide synthase of Streptomyces avermitilis ATCC31272

Author

Barrie Wilkinson, Steven G. Kendrew, Lindsey Low, Rose Mary Sheridan, James Staunton, Rachel E. Lill, Peter F. Leadlay, Alison J. Weston, Ian S. Galloway, Gabriele Wirtz, Sabine Gaisser, Kim Jonelle Stutzman-Engwall, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Andrew L. Kaja, and Laurenz Kellenberger

Subjects
Biochemistry, Microbiology, Polyketide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ivermectin, Multienzyme Complexes, Polyketide synthase, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Avermectin, biology, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antiparasitic agent, Streptomyces, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Blotting, Southern, chemistry, Genes, Bacterial, Drug Design, Fermentation, Mutation, biology.protein, Onchocerciasis, Streptomyces avermitilis, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract

Ivermectin™, a mixture of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a 9 with minor amounts of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b 10, is one of the most successful veterinary antiparasitic drugs ever produced. In humans, ivermectin has been used for the treatment of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) resulting in an encouraging decrease in the prevalence of skin and eye diseases linked to this infection. The components of ivermectin are currently synthesized by chemical hydrogenation of a specific double bond at C22–C23 in the polyketide macrolides avermectins B1a 5 and B1b 6, broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. We describe here the production of such compounds (22,23-dihydroavermectins B1a 9 and A1a 11) by direct fermentation of a recombinant strain of S. avermitilis containing an appropriately-engineered polyketide synthase (PKS). This suggests the feasibility of a direct biological route to this valuable drug.

Published
2003

23. A novel erythromycin, 6-desmethyl erythromycin D, made by substituting an acyltransferase domain of the erythromycin polyketide synthase

Author

Steven G. Kendrew, Rose Mary Sheridan, Barrie Wilkinson, Rachel E. Lill, James Staunton, Ellen L. McCormick, Hrvoje Petković, Hamish A. I. McArthur, and Peter F. Leadlay

Subjects
Pseudonocardiaceae, Stereochemistry, Erythromycin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Substrate Specificity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Biosynthesis, Multienzyme Complexes, Drug Discovery, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Structure–activity relationship, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Base Sequence, Chemistry, General Medicine, Desmethyl, biology.organism_classification, Erythromycin Polyketide Synthase, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Enzyme, Biochemistry, Acyltransferase, Domain (ring theory), Fermentation, Substrate specificity, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Acyltransferases, medicine.drug
Abstract

The acyltransferase (AT) domain in module 4 of the erythromycin polyketide synthase (PKS) was substituted with an AT domain from the rapamycin PKS module 2 in order to alter the substrate specificity from methylmalonyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The resulting strain produced 6-desmethyl erythromycin D as the predominant product. This AT domain swap completes the library of malonyl-CoA AT swaps on the erythromycin PKS and reinforces PKS engineering as a robust and generic tool.

Published
2003

24. Engineering the aveC gene to enhance the ratio of doramectin to its CHC-B2 analogue produced in Streptomyces avermitilis

Author

Jeremy Minshull, Anke Krebber, Ronald Fedechko, Claes Gustafsson, Kim Jonelle Stutzman-Engwall, Frank S. Kaczmarek, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Yan Chen, Sun Ai Raillard, and Steve Conlon

Subjects
Quality Control, DNA Mutational Analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Bioengineering, Protein Engineering, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Streptomyces, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Chloride Channels, Gene cluster, Cloning, Molecular, Avermectin, Recombination, Genetic, Ivermectin, biology, Base Sequence, Streptomycetaceae, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Variation, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, biology.organism_classification, Genetic Enhancement, chemistry, Biochemistry, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Fermentation, Actinomycetales, Streptomyces avermitilis, Genome, Bacterial, Biotechnology
Abstract

Avermectin and its analogues are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis and are major commercial products for parasite control in the fields of animal health, agriculture, and human infections. Historically, the avermectin analogue doramectin (CHC-B1), which is sold commercially as Dectomax is co-produced during fermentation with the undesired analogue CHC-B2 at a CHC-B2:CHC-B1 ratio of 1.6:1. Although the identification of the avermectin gene cluster has allowed for characterization of most of the biosynthetic pathway, the mechanism for determining the avermectin B2:B1 ratio remains unclear. The aveC gene, which has an essential role in avermectin biosynthesis, was inactivated by insertional inactivation and mutated by site-specific mutagenesis and error-prone PCR. Several unrelated mutations were identified that resulted in improved ratios of the desirable avermectin analogue CHC-B1, produced relative to the undesired CHC-B2 fermentation component. High-throughput (HTP) screening of cultures grown on solid-phase fermentation plates and analysis using electrospray mass spectrometry was implemented to significantly increase screening capability. An aveC gene with mutations that result in a 4-fold improvement in the ratio of doramectin to CHC-B2 was identified. Subsequent integration of the enhanced aveC gene into the chromosome of the S. avermitilis production strain demonstrates the successful engineering of a specific biosynthetic pathway gene to significantly improve fermentation productivity of a commercially important product.

Published
2003

25. Peptide Antibiotics

Author

Christopher Dutton, Mark Haxell, Hamish A. I. McArthur, and Richard Gerald Wax

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial peptides, Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides, medicine, Peptide, Lantibiotics, Microbiology
Abstract

Introduction to the Peptide Antibiotics Harry W. Taber Sources of Antimicrobial Peptides Chemistry and Applications of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides David Andreu and Luis Rivas Lanthionine-Containing Bacterial Peptides Ulrike Pag and Hans-Georg Sahl Unmodified Peptide-Bacteriocins (Class II) Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria Ingolf F. Nes, Helge Holo, Gunnar Fimland, Havard Hildeng Hauge, and Jon Nissen-Meyer Insect Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Charles Hetru, Jules A. Hoffmann, and Robert E. W. Hancock Mammalian Antimicrobial Peptides Charles L. Bevins and Gill Diamond Potential Applications of Peptides Exploitation of Lantibiotic Peptides for Food and Medical Uses Maire P. Ryan, Colin Hill, and R. Paul Ross Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides Michael A. Zasloff Index

Published
2001
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26. Engineering of complex polyketide biosynthesis--insights from sequencing of the monensin biosynthetic gene cluster

Author

Michelle A. Jones, J. Staunton, H. A. I. Mcarthur, Christian B. W. Stark, Elizabeth J. Frost, J. B. Lester, Jesus Cortes, Christopher J. Wilkinson, Ellen L. McCormick, Peter F. Leadlay, Christian Bisang, Steven G. Kendrew, Zoë A. Hughes-Thomas, Markiyan Oliynyk, Z. Oliynyk, and Paul F. Long

Subjects
biology, Stereochemistry, Monensin, Bioengineering, Protein engineering, Multifunctional Enzymes, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Steroid biosynthesis, Protein Engineering, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Streptomyces, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polyketide, Biosynthesis, chemistry, Biochemistry, Genes, Bacterial, Multienzyme Complexes, Polyketide synthase, Multigene Family, Gene cluster, biology.protein, Biotechnology
Abstract

The biosynthesis of complex reduced polyketides is catalysed in actinomycetes by large multifunctional enzymes, the modular Type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). Most of our current knowledge of such systems stems from the study of a restricted number of macrolide-synthesising enzymes. The sequencing of the genes for the biosynthesis of monensin A, a typical polyether ionophore polyketide, provided the first genetic evidence for the mechanism of oxidative cyclisation through which polyethers such as monensin are formed from the uncyclised products of the PKS. Two intriguing genes associated with the monensin PKS cluster code for proteins, which show strong homology with enzymes that trigger double bond migrations in steroid biosynthesis by generation of an extended enolate of an unsaturated ketone residue. A similar mechanism operating at the stage of an enoyl ester intermediate during chain extension on a PKS could allow isomerisation of an E double bond to the Z isomer. This process, together with epoxidations and cyclisations, form the basis of a revised proposal for monensin formation. The monensin PKS has also provided fresh insight into general features of catalysis by modular PKSs, in particular into the mechanism of chain initiation.

Published
2001

27. Production of 6-deoxy-13-cyclopropyl-erythromycin B by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 18643

Author

Hamish A. I. McArthur, Ellen L. McCormick, Mike Pacey, Thomas N. O'Connell, John C. Ruddock, John P. Dirlam, Paul A. Murphy, Maria S. Brown, Brook Knight Morse, Richard Gerald Wax, and Dianne M. Rescek

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Pseudonocardiaceae, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Carboxylic acid, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, ATP synthase, Molecular Structure, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Erythromycin, 6-deoxy-13-cyclopropyl-erythromycin B, Aglycone, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Macrolides, Bacteria, Saccharopolyspora
Abstract

Cyclopropane carboxylic acid was fed to Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 18643 (6-deoxyerythromycin producer), resulting in the production of 6-deoxy-13-cyclopropyl-erythromycin B. These studies provide further evidence that deoxyerythronolide B synthase has a relaxed specificity for the starter unit.

Published
1999

28. Genes encoding acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (AcdH) homologues from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis provide insights into the metabolism of small branched-chain fatty acids and macrolide antibiotic production

Author

Ying-Xin, Zhang, Claudio D, Denoya, Deborah D, Skinner, Ronald W, Fedechko, Hamish A I, McArthur, Margaret R, Morgenstern, Richard A, Davies, Sandra, Lobo, Kevin A, Reynolds, and C Richard, Hutchinson

Subjects
Ivermectin, Fatty Acids, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Streptomyces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rats, Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases, Animals, Humans, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Amino Acid Sequence, Macrolides, Cloning, Molecular, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Gene Deletion
Abstract

The cloning, using a PCR approach, of genes from both Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis encoding an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (AcdH), putatively involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, is reported. The deduced amino acid sequences of both genes have a high similarity to prokaryotic and eukaryotic short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. When the S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis acyl-CoA dehydrogenase genes (acdH) were expressed in Escherichia coli, each of the AcdH flavoproteins was able to oxidize the branched-chain acyl-CoA derivatives isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA and cyclohexylcarbonyl-CoA, as well as the short straight-chain acyl-CoAs n-butyryl-CoA and n-valeryl-CoA in vitro. NMR spectral data confirmed that the oxidized product of isobutyryl-CoA is methacrylyl-CoA, which is the expected product at the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase step in the catabolism of valine in streptomycetes. Disruption of the S. avermitilis acdH produced a mutant unable to grow on solid minimal medium containing valine, isoleucine or leucine as sole carbon sources. Feeding studies with 13C triple-labelled isobutyrate revealed a significant decrease in the incorporation of label into the methylmalonyl-CoA-derived positions of avermectin in the acdH mutant. In contrast the mutation did not affect incorporation into the malonyl-CoA-derived positions of avermectin. These results are consistent with the acdH gene encoding an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase with a broad substrate specificity that has a role in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis.

Published
1999

29. Back supports and back injuries: a second visit with the Home Depot cohort study data on low-back injuries

Author

Jess F. Kraus and David I. Mcarthur

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiologic Factors, Poison control, Affect (psychology), Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, California, Back injury, Injury prevention, Medicine, Humans, health care economics and organizations, business.industry, Protective Devices, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Lumbosacral Region, Human factors and ergonomics, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Occupational Diseases, Physical therapy, Back Injuries, Female, business, Epidemiologic Methods, human activities, Cohort study
Abstract

The back support has been controversial as a means of reducing injuries to the lower back. Diverse issues bear on the interpretation of data obtained in a major epidemiologic investigation of the utility of back supports in the retail-trade home improvement industry. These concerns are focused on alternate explanations for the changes in injury rates observed over the six-year study period, on individual and group factors other than the use of the back support that might have contributed to reducing the risk of injury, and on related methodologic issues. Each issue is addressed with specific reference to how it might affect the analyses and the conclusion that the supports showed a protective effect.

Published
1999

30. Novel erythromycins from a recombinant Saccharopolyspora erythraea strain NRRL 2338 pIG1. I. Fermentation, isolation and biological activity

Author

Hamish A. I. McArthur, Toby Winchester, Thomas N. O'Connell, Peter F. Leadlay, John P. Dirlam, James Staunton, Roderick W. Geldart, Ellen L. McCormick, Robert A. Monday, and Michael Stephen Pacey

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pseudonocardiaceae, biology, Streptomyces coelicolor, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Erythromycin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Biochemistry, Polyketide synthase, Drug Discovery, Fermentation, biology.protein, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Streptomyces avermitilis, Avermectin, Antibacterial agent, Saccharopolyspora
Abstract

In a previous report, a plasmid, pIG1, which contained the loading domain from the Streptomyces avermitilis polyketide synthase (PKS), promoters from Streptomyces coelicolor and the DEBS1-TE truncated PKS from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, was integrated into the S. erythraea chromosome, effectively replacing the natural erythromycin loading domain with the avermectin loading domain. In this paper, we report the feeding of short-chained fatty acids to this recombinant strain, and its parent, NRRL 2338. Both strains incorporated exogenously supplied fatty acids to produce novel, biologically active, C-13 substituted erythromycins.

Published
1999

31. The Design and Performance of the ZEUS Central Tracking Detector z-by-Timing System

Author

C.J.S. Morgado, S. Topp-Jorgensen, R.C. Carter, P.D. Shield, M.D. Jeffs, J. Nash, S. Quinton, M. Postranecky, M Morrissey, I. McArthur, D.S. Bailey, B. Foster, Neville Harnew, R. Milborrow, J.B. Lane, G. Nixon, M. Lancaster, T. Khatri, Greg P Heath, J.D. McFall, D.A. Phillips, G Westlake, D.J. White, and F. F. Wilson

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, ZEUS (particle detector), business.industry, Track (disk drive), Timing system, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, Tracking (particle physics), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Data acquisition, Control system, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

The ZEUS Central Tracking Detector utilizes a time difference measurement to provide a fast determination of the z-coordinate of each hit. The z-by-timing measurement is achieved by using a Time-to-Amplitude Converter which has an intrinsic timing resolution of 36 ps, has pipelined readout, and has a multihit capability of 48 ns. In order to maintain the required sub-nanosecond timing accuracy, the technique incorporates an automated self-calibration system. The readout of the z-by-timing data utilizes a fully customized timing control system which runs synchronously with the HERA beam-crossing clock, and a data acquisition system implemented on a network of Transputers. Three dimensional space-points provided by the z-by-timing system are used as input to all three levels of the ZEUS trigger and for offline track reconstruction. The average z-resolution is determined to be 4.4 cm for multi-track events from positron-proton collisions in the ZEUS detector., 49 pages, 32 figures. Accepted for publication in NIM-A

Published
1997

32. In vivo and in vitro effects of thiolactomycin on fatty acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces collinus

Author

L. Han, Kevin A. Reynolds, S. Lobo, Kimberlee K. Wallace, and H. A. I. Mcarthur

Subjects
Fatty Acid Synthases, Palmitic Acid, Butyrate, Thiophenes, Biology, Microbiology, Palmitic acid, Butyric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biosynthesis, Isobutyrates, In vivo, Streptomyces collinus, Molecular Biology, Acetic Acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, Streptomyces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Butyrates, Biochemistry, chemistry, Butyric Acid, Research Article
Abstract

A stable-isotope assay was used to analyze the effectiveness of various perdeuterated short-chain acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) compounds as starter units for straight- and branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in cell extracts of Streptomyces collinus. In these extracts perdeuterated isobutyryl-CoA was converted to isopalmitate (a branched-chain fatty acid), while butyryl-CoA was converted to palmitate (a straight-chain fatty acid). These observations are consistent with previous in vivo analyses of fatty acid biosynthesis in S. collinus, which suggested that butyryl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA function as starter units for palmitate and isopalmitate biosynthesis, respectively. Additionally, in vitro analysis demonstrated that acetyl-CoA can function as a starter unit for palmitate biosynthesis. Palmitate biosynthesis and isopalmitate biosynthesis in these cell extracts were both effectively inhibited by thiolactomycin, a known type II fatty acid synthase inhibitor. In vivo experiments demonstrated that concentrations of thiolactomycin ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/ml produced both a dramatic decrease in the cellular levels of branched-chain fatty acids and a surprising three- to fivefold increase in the cellular levels of the straight-chain fatty acids palmitate and myristate. Additional in vivo incorporation studies with perdeuterated butyrate suggested that, in accord with the in vitro studies, the biosynthesis of the palmitate from butyryl-CoA decreases in the presence of thiolactomycin. In contrast, in vivo incorporation studies with perdeuterated acetate demonstrated that the biosynthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA increases in the presence of thiolactomycin. These observations clearly demonstrate that isobutyryl-CoA is a starter unit for isopalmitate biosynthesis and that either acetyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA can be a starter unit for palmitate biosynthesis in S. collinus. However, the pathway for palmitate biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA is less sensitive to thiolactomycin, and it is suggested that the basis for this difference is in the initiation step.

Published
1997

33. A second branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase gene cluster (bkdFGH) from Streptomyces avermitilis: its relationship to avermectin biosynthesis and the construction of a bkdF mutant suitable for the production of novel antiparasitic avermectins

Author

K. Stutzman-Engwall, Claudio D. Denoya, Deborah D. Skinner, Ronald Fedechko, E. W. Hafner, R. G. Wax, William C. Wernau, H. A. I. Mcarthur, and M R Morgenstern

Subjects
Coenzyme A, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Microbiology, 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide), chemistry.chemical_compound, Valine, Multienzyme Complexes, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Avermectin, Sequence Deletion, chemistry.chemical_classification, Anthelmintics, Ivermectin, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Fatty acid, Ketone Oxidoreductases, biology.organism_classification, Streptomyces, Amino acid, Phenotype, chemistry, Biochemistry, Multigene Family, Leucine, Isoleucine, Streptomyces avermitilis, Research Article
Abstract

A second cluster of genes encoding the E1 alpha, E1 beta, and E2 subunits of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCDH), bkdFGH, has been cloned and characterized from Streptomyces avermitilis, the soil microorganism which produces anthelmintic avermectins. Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) (bkdF, encoding E1 alpha), would encode a polypeptide of 44,394 Da (406 amino acids). The putative start codon of the incompletely sequenced ORF2 (bkdG, encoding E1 beta) is located 83 bp downstream from the end of ORF1. The deduced amino acid sequence of bkdF resembled the corresponding E1 alpha subunit of several prokaryotic and eukaryotic BCDH complexes. An S. avermitilis bkd mutant constructed by deletion of a genomic region comprising the 5' end of bkdF is also described. The mutant exhibited a typical Bkd- phenotype: it lacked E1 BCDH activity and had lost the ability to grow on solid minimal medium containing isoleucine, leucine, and valine as sole carbon sources. Since BCDH provides an alpha-branched-chain fatty acid starter unit, either S(+)-alpha-methylbutyryl coenzyme A or isobutyryl coenzyme A, which is essential to initiate the synthesis of the avermectin polyketide backbone in S. avermitilis, the disrupted mutant cannot make the natural avermectins in a medium lacking both S(+)-alpha-methylbutyrate and isobutyrate. Supplementation with either one of these compounds restores production of the corresponding natural avermectins, while supplementation of the medium with alternative fatty acids results in the formation of novel avermectins. These results verify that the BCDH-catalyzed reaction of branched-chain amino acid catabolism constitutes a crucial step to provide fatty acid precursors for antibiotic biosynthesis in S. avermitilis.

Published
1995

34. Composition and Rheological Properties of Extracellular Polysaccharide 105-4 Produced by Pseudomonas sp. Strain ATCC 53923

Author

Bruce L. Dasinger, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Jill Bonham Costa, John O'neill, Derek Horton, James W. Miller, James P. Lengen, and Adam A. Smogowicz

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, Chromatography, Ecology, biology, Chemistry, Pseudomonas, Polysaccharide, biology.organism_classification, Glucuronic acid, Physiology and Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biochemistry, Pseudomonadales, Extracellular, Chemical composition, Food Science, Biotechnology, Pseudomonadaceae
Abstract

A soil isolate produced a novel extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) with unusually potent thickening powers. The EPS contained d -mannose, d -glucose, d -galactose, and d -glucuronic acid in the unique molar ratio 1:4:1:2 and 10 to 15% acetate. Viscosities of a 1-g/liter aqueous solution were 1 × 10 6 and 14 × 10 3 cP at shear rates of 0.01 and 0.1 s -1 , respectively. The EPS was insensitive to high concentrations of NaCl and CaCl 2 .

Published
1994

35. Measurement of the Proton Structure-function F2 In ep Scattering At Hera

Author

E. Barberis, Fernando Barreiro, U. Mallik, T. Khatri, J.W. Mitchell, Greg P Heath, Mauro Morandin, Z. Jakubowski, R. Gläser, L. W. Hung, A. Bargende, D. Revel, A. A. Voronin, A. Meyer, A. Montag, Marcel Vreeswijk, J. Del Peso, L.E. Sinclair, K. Homma, M.B. Crombie, Marco Schioppa, P. G. Pelfer, S.J.P. Smith, I. McArthur, P. Bruni, Costas Foudas, L.W. Mo, K. U. Pösnecker, R. Seidlein, J. F. Martin, A. Mass, Guenter Wolf, A. Bernstein, Y. Zamora Garcia, A. Caldwell, F. Frasconi, M. Lancaster, D.D. Reeder, Masashi Hazumi, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, A. Shapira, B. Diekmann, R. Yoshida, B.D. Burow, F. Bernard, N. A. McCubbin, D. Haun, C. Del Papa, J.R. Forbes, K.W. McLean, F. J. Sciulli, A. Ladage, T. Kȩdzierski, A. Vorvolakos, G. Cases, M. Krzyanowski, A. Freidhof, B. Lu, T. Nagira, S. Söldner-Rembold, C.J.S. Morgado, Michele Arneodo, N.C. Roocroft, S.H. An, B. Gutjahr, J. M. Pawlak, R. Meijer Drees, P. Giusti, R. Brugnera, C. Fordham, V. A. Kuzmin, D. C. Bailey, M. De Giorgi, P.M. Hallam-Baker, T.L. Short, Efstathios Stiliaris, G. Castellini, M. Zachara, M. Iori, G. Drews, A. Nigro, Michele Guida, Jose Repond, James Crittenden, J. A. Parsons, J. Roldán, M. de Kamps, J. Nash, M. Kückes, R. van Woudenberg, L. Lamberti, G. Grzelak, D. Schramm, C. A. Heusch, T. C. Bacon, S. Böttcher, W. Hain, A. Eskreys, Gm Levman, S. Kramaczyk, A. Dwuraźny, A.F. Whitfield, A. A. Savin, Detlef Filges, H. Uijterwaal, H. J. Kim, M.A.J. Botje, F. Arzarello, K. Muchorowski, D. K. Hasell, E. Gallo, P.M. Patel, K. O'Shaughnessy, Mariusz Flasiński, L. Suszycki, Giovanni Maccarrone, K. Prytz, A. Byrne, S. De Pasquale, W.N. Murray, G. Anzivino, A Furtjes, F. Gasparini, A. Kruse, S. Schlenstedt, P. J. Bussey, J. Shulman, A. Zichini, W. H. Smith, G. Gloth, H. Müsch, R. Wedemeyer, Rosario Nania, Sung Keun Park, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, H. Kowalski, S. Qian, E. Lohrmann, F. Ciralli, H. Kreutzmann, I. Gialas, O. Lin, Silvia Maselli, M. Momayezi, M. Nuti, Juan Terron, M. Kasprzak, M. Nakao, P. Borzemski, E. Badura, Mário Costa, U. Contino, Samuel Silverstein, L. Hagge, J. Schroeder, F.S. Chlebana, Amedeo Staiano, Cg Matthews, S. W. Nam, A. Dannemann, T. Ishii, K.M. Furutani, I. Fleck, Leszek Adamczyk, M.I. Ferrero, J.D. Prentice, R. Timellini, A. Dake, N. H. Brook, V. L. Harris, G. Feild, J. Bulmahn, N. Pavel, P. Erhard, Jens Hartmann, W. Schulz, R. Loveless, I. Suzuki, P. Kooijman, T. S. Yoon, Giuseppe Iacobucci, T. Poser, S. Ritz, D. S. Hanna, R. J. Seifert, J.B. Lane, William S. Lockman, Anselmo Margotti, L.W. Wiggers, H. van der Lugt, Rr Rau, M. Geerts, K. Blankenship, R. R. McNeil, Danuta Kisielewska, A. Stopczyński, C. Youngman, C.R. Sampson, A. Contin, L. Köpke, Stefano Maria Mari, L. Bellagamba, A. Francescato, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, S. Dagan, K. Charchuła, A. Bruni, J. K. Bienlein, J. Ciborowski, R. Ullmann, D. J. Gilkinson, W. Metcalf, Ta Romanowski, F. Dal Corso, M. Löwe, M. Dardo, Masami Chiba, K. Honscheid, Yu. A. Golubkov, S. Nagayama, P. Göttlicher, T. Hasegawa, J. Zaja̧c, Klaus Kurt Desch, A. Leich, S. Mengel, J. Mainusch, J. J. Whitmore, A.G. Tenner, H. Tiecke, F. Ikraiam, S. Nickel, D. B. Miller, U. Holm, Debades Bandyopadhyay, J. Gajewski, C. Coldewey, M. Posocco, B. Nizioł, B. Krebs, M. Basile, F. F. Wilson, T. Massam, J. Biltzinger, M. Chiarini, C. Peroni, M. Roco, Geoffrey Smith, K. Wick, C. Rethfeldt, W. Schott, Cd Catterall, H.-P. Jacob, F. Palmonari, E. Tscheslog, D. Westphal, G. Theisen, U. Karshon, A.F. arnecki, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Jonathan Butterworth, F. W. Bullock, G. Geitz, Luis Hervas, S. M. Hong, R. L. Talaga, D. Boscherini, G. Susinno, A.H. Walenta, Saverio D'Auria, D. Krakauer, Kr Long, D. Lüke, D. Zer-Zion, M. H. Suh, J.S.T. Ng, J. Kochocki, Simon George, Tachishige Hirose, Roberto Sacchi, Y. Nagasawa, A. Prinias, W. Koch, B. Hubbard, Giuseppe Levi, M. Kuze, R. Hamatsu, Tadeusz Kowalski, L. Wai, K. Jelen, J. Engelen, P.L. Makkar, R. Stroili, J. Mollen, G. Poelz, J.K. Mayer, Aharon Levy, D. Shaw, Tobias M. Haas, W. Kröger, J. N. Lim, E.N. Kuznetsov, O. Mańczak, Dg Stairs, Shoichi Yamada, R.C.E. Devenish, G. F. Hartner, G. Laurenti, J. F. de Trocóniz, I. Butterworth, Y. Iga, L. Zawiejski, Roberto Cirio, P. de Jong, J.-L. Schneider, W. Vogel, H. Brückmann, P. Luffman, A. Frey, M. Rohde, B. Musgrave, M. St.Laurent, K. Eskreys, T.P. Shah, D. H. Saxon, E. Paul, G. Cara Romero, G.G. Stairs, T. Tsurugai, E. McCliment, J.C. Giddings, D.M. Gingrich, A. Seiden, R. Casaccia, M. Przybycień, S.S. Wilson, S. Repond, A. T. Doyle, A.M. Khan, R. Schattevoy, G. Bari, J. F. Labs, Roberto Carlin, L. S. Durkin, Ada Solano, R. Walczak, M. Adamus, S. Limentani, G. Marini, A.K. Wróblewski, A. Bamberger, F. Selonke, E. Hilger, M. Z. Wang, G.A. Blair, B.Y. Oh, C. Li, Stan Bentvelsen, S. Kartik, Eduardo Ros, R. J. Cashmore, Luis Labarga, M. Derrick, T. Tymieniecka, J. A. O'Mara, U. Kötz, Vivian O'Dell, C. O. Kim, V. K. Nadendla, R. J. Nowak, Francois Corriveau, A. Kotański, P. Morawitz, S. Kasai, A. Cassidy, M. Nakahata, U. Schneekloth, T. Neumann, S. Kitamura, Christian Nemoz, N. Dyce, C. Voci, S. Bhadra, T. Doeker, G. Jahnen, Claudia Glasman, R. Stanek, Luca Stanco, J. K. Sedgbeer, T. Bienz, G. Bruni, J.A. Zakrzewski, J. Leslie, Lucia Votano, Y. Eisenberg, B. Losowski, K. Heinloth, Giuseppe Barbagli, G. Sartorelli, R. S. Orr, P. B. Straub, M. Brkic, B. Behrens, G. D'Agostini, T. Y. Ling, G. Zech, Giovanni Abbiendi, Robert Klanner, V.A. Jamieson, B. Bednarek, R. Beuselinck, F. Zetsche, J. L. Thron, Y. Nakamitsu, Katsuo Tokushuku, R. J. Tapper, Umberto Dosselli, David Cussans, Janusz Chwastowski, E. A. De Wolf, I. H. Park, Ben Bylsma, J. Milewski, J. Krüger, H. Hartmann, Sridhara Dasu, Halina Abramowicz, Matthias Kasemann, D. Notz, S. H. Yon, T. W. Jones, Anna Goussiou, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, N. P. Zotov, R. J. Teuscher, Hideki Okuno, P.F. Ermolov, D. Monaldi, P. Cloth, R. Imlay, S. Magill, T.J. Llwellyn, E. Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, T. Y. Kim, S. Mine, C. Raine, M. Mattioli, Lothar At Bauerdick, Thomas Trefzger, B. Löhr, P. Joos, B. Foster, Yasunori Yamazaki, H. Hultschig, H. Kammerlocher, John Hart, Luisa Cifarelli, L. K. Gladilin, Neville Harnew, Nicolo Cartiglia, S. Yang, R.S. Gilmore, H.J. Grabosch, R. Ayad, I. Ali, Helen F Heath, Wr Frisken, Derrick, M, Krakauer, D, Magill, S, Musgrave, B, Repond, J, Repond, S, Stanek, R, Talaga, Rl, Thron, J, Arzarello, F, Ayad, R, Bari, G, Basile, M, Bellagamba, L, Boscherini, D, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Bruni, P, Romeo, Gc, Castellini, G, Chiarini, M, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Ciralli, F, Contin, A, Dauria, S, Delpapa, C, Frasconi, F, Giusti, P, Iacobucci, G, Laurenti, G, Levi, G, Lin, Q, Lisowski, B, Maccarrone, G, Margotti, A, Massam, T, Monaldi, D, Nania, R, Nemoz, C, Palmonari, F, Sartorelli, G, Timellini, R, Garcia, Yz, Zichichi, A, Bargende, A, Crittenden, J, Desch, K, Diekmann, B, Doeker, T, Frey, A, Geerts, M, Geitz, G, Hartmann, H, Haun, D, Heinloth, K, Hilger, E, Jakob, Hp, Kramarczyk, S, Kuckes, M, Mass, A, Mengel, S, Mollen, J, Musch, H, Paul, E, Schattevoy, R, Schneider, Jl, Schramm, D, Wedemeyer, R, Cassidy, A, Cussans, Dg, Dyce, N, Foster, B, George, S, Gilmore, R, Heath, Gp, Heath, Hf, Lancaster, M, Llewellyn, Tj, Morgado, Cj, Omara, Ja, Tapper, Rj, Wilson, S, Yoshida, R, Rau, Rr, Arneodo, M, Schioppa, M, Susinno, G, Bernstein, A, Caldwell, A, Gialas, I, Parsons, Ja, Ritz, S, Sciulli, F, Straub, Pb, Wai, L, Yang, S, Borzemski, P, Chwastowski, J, Dwurazny, A, Eskreys, A, Jakubowski, Z, Niziol, B, Piotrzkowski, K, Zachara, M, Zawiejski, L, Adamczyk, L, Bednarek, B, Eskreys, K, Jelen, K, Kisielewska, D, Kowalski, T, Rulikowskazarebska, E, Suszycki, L, Zajac, J, Kedzierski, T, Kotanski, A, Przybycien, M, Bauerdick, Lat, Behrens, U, Bienlein, Jk, Bottcher, S, Coldewey, C, Dannemann, A, Drews, G, Erhard, P, Flasinski, M, Fleck, I, Gilkinson, Dj, Glaser, R, Gottlicher, P, Gutjahr, B, Haas, T, Hagge, L, Hain, W, Hasell, D, Hultschig, H, Jahnen, G, Joos, P, Kasemann, M, Klanner, R, Koch, W, Kopke, L, Kotz, U, Kowalski, H, Kroger, W, Kruger, J, Labs, J, Ladage, A, Lohr, B, Lowe, M, Luke, D, Mainusch, J, Manczak, O, Momayezi, M, Ng, Jst, Nickel, S, Notz, D, Posnecker, Ku, Rohde, M, Roldan, J, Ros, E, Schneekloth, U, Schroeder, J, Schulz, W, Selonke, F, Stiliaris, E, Tscheslog, E, Tsurugai, T, Vogel, W, Westphal, D, Wolf, G, Youngman, C, Grabosch, Hj, Leich, A, Meyer, A, Rethfeldt, C, Schlenstedt, S, Barbagli, G, Francescato, A, Nuti, M, Pelfer, P, Anzivino, G, Casaccia, R, Depasquale, S, Qian, S, Votano, L, Bamberger, A, Freidhof, A, Poser, T, Soldnerrembold, S, Theisen, G, Trefzger, T, Brook, Nh, Bussey, Pj, Doyle, At, Forbes, Jr, Jamieson, Va, Raine, C, Saxon, Dh, Bruckmann, H, Gloth, G, Holm, U, Kammerlocher, H, Krebs, B, Neumann, T, Wick, K, Furtjes, A, Lohrmann, E, Milewski, J, Nakahata, M, Pavel, N, Poelz, G, Schott, W, Terron, J, Zetsche, F, Bacon, Tc, Beuselinck, R, Butterworth, I, Gallo, E, Harris, Vl, Miller, Db, Prinias, A, Sedgbeer, Jk, Vorvolakos, A, Whitfield, A, Bienz, T, Kreutzmann, H, Mallik, U, Mccliment, E, Roco, M, Wang, Mz, Cloth, P, Filges, D, An, Sh, Hong, S, Kim, Co, Kim, Ty, Nam, Sw, Park, Sk, Suh, Mh, Yon, Sh, Imlay, R, Kartik, S, Kim, Hj, Mcneil, Rr, Metcalf, W, Nadendla, Vk, Barreiro, F, Cases, G, Hervas, L, Labarga, L, Delpeso, J, Detroconiz, Jf, Ikraiam, F, Mayer, Jk, Smith, Gr, Corriveau, F, Hanna, D, Hartmann, J, Hung, Lw, Lim, Jn, Drees, Rm, Matthews, C, Mitchell, Jw, Patel, Pm, Sinclair, Le, Stairs, Dg, Stlaurent, M, Ullmann, R, Bashindzhagyan, Gl, Ermolov, Pf, Gladilin, Lk, Golubkov, Ya, Kuzmin, Va, Kuznetsov, En, Savin, Aa, Voronin, Ag, Zotov, Np, Bentvelsen, S, Botje, M, Dake, A, Engelen, J, Dejong, P, Dekamps, M, Kooijman, P, Kruse, A, Vanderlugt, H, Odell, V, Tenner, A, Tiecke, H, Uijterwaal, H, Vreeswijk, M, Wiggers, L, Dewolf, E, Vanwoudenberg, R, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L, Honscheid, K, Li, C, Ling, Ty, Mclean, Kw, Murray, Wn, Park, Ih, Romanowski, Ta, Seidlein, R, Blair, Ga, Byrne, A, Cashmore, Rj, Coopersarkar, Am, Devenish, Rce, Gingrich, Dm, Hallambaker, Pm, Harnew, N, Khatri, T, Long, Kr, Luffman, P, Mcarthur, I, Morawitz, P, Nash, J, Smith, Sjp, Roocroft, Nc, Wilson, Ff, Abbiendi, G, Brugnera, R, Carlin, R, Dalcorso, F, Degiorgi, M, Dosselli, U, Gasparini, F, Limentani, S, Morandin, M, Posocco, M, Stanco, L, Stroili, R, Voci, C, Butterworth, Jm, Bulmahn, J, Feild, G, Oh, By, Whitmore, J, Contino, U, Dagostini, G, Guida, M, Iori, M, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marini, G, Mattioli, M, Nigro, A, Hart, Jc, Mccubbin, Na, Prytz, K, Shah, Tp, Short, Tl, Barberis, E, Cartiglia, N, Heusch, C, Hubbard, B, Leslie, J, Lockman, W, Oshaughnessy, K, Sadrozinski, Hf, Seiden, A, Zerzion, D, Badura, E, Biltzinger, J, Seifert, Rj, Walenta, Ah, Zech, G, Dagan, S, Levy, A, Hasegawa, T, Hazumi, M, Ishii, T, Kasai, S, Kuze, M, Mine, S, Nagasawa, Y, Nagira, T, Nakao, M, Okuno, H, Suzuki, I, Tokushuku, K, Yamada, S, Yamazaki, Y, Chiba, M, Hamatsu, R, Hirose, T, Homma, K, Kitamura, S, Nagayama, S, Nakamitsu, Y, Cirio, R, Costa, M, Ferrero, Mi, Lamberti, L, Maselli, S, Peroni, C, Solano, A, Sacchi, R, Staiano, A, Dardo, M, Bailey, Dc, Bandyopadhyay, D, Benard, F, Bhadra, S, Brkic, M, Burow, Bd, Chlebana, F, Crombie, Mb, Hartner, Gf, Levman, Gm, Martin, Jf, Orr, R, Prentice, Jd, Sampson, Cr, Stairs, Gg, Teuscher, Rj, Yoon, T, Bullock, Fw, Catterall, Cd, Giddings, Jc, Jones, Tw, Khan, Am, Lane, Jb, Makkar, Pl, Shaw, D, Shulman, J, Blankenship, K, Kochocki, J, Lu, B, Mo, Lw, Charchula, K, Ciborowski, J, Gajewski, J, Grzelak, G, Kasprzak, M, Krzyzanowski, M, Muchorowski, K, Nowak, Rj, Pawlak, Jm, Stopczynski, A, Tymieniecka, T, Walczak, R, Wroblewski, Ak, Zakrzewski, Ja, Zarnecki, Af, Adamus, M, Abramowicz, H, Eisenberg, Y, Glasman, C, Karshon, U, Montag, A, Revel, D, Shapira, A, Foudas, C, Fordham, C, Loveless, Rj, Goussiou, A, Ali, I, Behrens, B, Dasu, S, Reeder, Dd, Smith, Wh, Silverstein, S, Frisken, Wr, Furutani, Km, and Iga, Y.

Subjects
structure functions, deep inelastic scattering, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), ZEUS (particle detector), Proton, E+E-PHYSICS, Scattering, LUND MONTE-CARLO, DESY, Elementary particle, ZEUS, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, QCD, lcsh:QC1-999, JET FRAGMENTATION, Nuclear physics, MODEL, INELASTIC MUON SCATTERING, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

This paper presents our first measurement of the F 2 structure function in neutral-current, deep inelastic scattering using the ZEUS detector at HERA, the ep colliding beam facility at DESY. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 24.7 nb −1 . Results are presented for data in range of Q 2 from 10 GeV 2 to 4700 GeV 2 and Bjorken x down to 3.0 × 10 −4 . The F 2 structure function increases rapidly as x decreases.

Published
1993

36. Search for excited electrons using the ZEUS detector

Author

J. F. Martin, Fernando Barreiro, Mauro Morandin, Z. Jakubowski, J. Mollen, M. Iori, Guenter Wolf, A. Bernstein, Y. Zamora Garcia, E.N. Kuznetsov, Marcel Vreeswijk, O. Mańczak, G. F. Hartner, Nicolo Cartiglia, S. Yang, R.S. Gilmore, R. Casaccia, J. F. Labs, J. Kochocki, Rosario Nania, F. J. Sciulli, A. Freidhof, B. Lu, L. W. Hung, A. Bargende, Danuta Kisielewska, James Crittenden, A. Prinias, D. Revel, A. A. Voronin, H.F. Sadronzinski, R.J. Tapper, H.J. Grabosch, E. Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, J.A. Zakrzewski, A Furtjes, F. Gasparini, W. Koch, S.S. Wilson, T. Y. Kim, S. Mengel, C. Raine, A. Stopczyński, C. Youngman, S.H. An, J. Mainusch, J. Leslie, Tadeusz Kowalski, T. Watanabe, A. Meyer, Roberto Carlin, B. Gutjahr, A. Dannemann, D. Monaldi, M. Mattioli, G. Poelz, Eduardo Ros, R. J. Cashmore, D. Schramm, C. A. Heusch, Lothar At Bauerdick, Lucia Votano, C. Rethfeldt, W. Schott, Cd Catterall, S. Nagayama, A. Montag, M. Kückes, J. Bulmahn, Luis Labarga, F. W. Bullock, E. Lohrmann, F. Ikraiam, M. Derrick, F. Arzarello, H. Kreutzmann, J. Del Peso, T. Tymieniecka, Mariusz Flasiński, L.E. Sinclair, Marco Schioppa, P. G. Pelfer, S.J.P. Smith, A. Byrne, F.S. Chlebana, K.M. Furutani, K. U. Pösnecker, U. Kötz, B. Hubbard, M.B. Crombie, R. Seidlein, K. Wick, A. Mass, Q. Lin, S. Kartik, Thomas Trefzger, W. Schulz, A. Shapira, Vivian O'Dell, Aharon Levy, T.J. Llewellyn, J. N. Lim, C. O. Kim, J. Ciborowski, R. Ullmann, R. Yoshida, S. Nickel, B.D. Burow, D. B. Miller, T. Kȩdzierski, R. Gläser, V. K. Nadendla, R. J. Nowak, Francois Corriveau, J. M. Pawlak, M. Dardo, J. Gajewski, C. Coldewey, B. Krebs, H.G.J.M. Tiecke, F. Benard, K. Muchorowski, Giuseppe Iacobucci, K. Prytz, D. Lüke, B. Löhr, Giuseppe Levi, I. Ali, R. Wedemeyer, G. Jahnen, Claudia Glasman, P. Joos, P. Giusti, D. Zer-Zion, M. Basile, B. Foster, J.-L. Schneider, W. Vogel, H. Brückmann, R. Stanek, Helen F Heath, Wr Frisken, M. H. Suh, G. Drews, J. A. Parsons, T. Massam, Luisa Cifarelli, L. K. Gladilin, Neville Harnew, J. Biltzinger, J.K. Mayer, W. Hain, P. Luffman, Luca Stanco, P. Göttlicher, A. Kotański, P. Morawitz, I. Fleck, D. Shaw, H. Hultschig, I. H. Park, J. K. Sedgbeer, K. Eskreys, H. Kammerlocher, E. Barberis, Tobias M. Haas, John Hart, S. Kasai, J. F. de Trocóniz, Ben Bylsma, J. Milewski, J. Krüger, U. Mallik, T. Khatri, J.W. Mitchell, T. Poser, T.P. Shah, D. Haun, T. Bienz, G. Bruni, D. H. Saxon, Greg P Heath, L. Zawiejski, Roberto Cirio, P. de Jong, B. Lisowski, R.C.E. Devenish, J.B. Lane, J. Zaja̧c, G. Laurenti, H. Hartmann, Rr Rau, B. Nizioł, A. Contin, L. Köpke, L. Bellagamba, A. Eskreys, M. Rohde, J. Nash, M.A.J. Botje, K. Jeleń, I. Butterworth, Douglas Gingrich, B. Musgrave, S. K. Park, A.H. Walenta, F. Palmonari, Amedeo Staiano, M. St.Laurent, F. Selonke, E. Hilger, Y. Iga, H. Müsch, E. Paul, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, M. Krzyżanowski, H. Kowalski, Sridhara Dasu, F. Ciralli, A. Cassidy, B.Y. Oh, M. Nakahata, Halina Abramowicz, L. Hagge, Y. Eisenberg, J. Whitmore, T. Ishii, C. Li, K. Heinloth, Giuseppe Barbagli, N. Dyce, R. Meijer Drees, C.J.S. Morgado, C. Voci, S. Bhadra, C. Fordham, Michele Arneodo, N.C. Roocroft, G. Castellini, U. Schneekloth, T. Neumann, T. Barillari, C. Memoz, Silvia Maselli, M. Momayezi, M. Zachara, T. Doeker, S. Kramarczyk, Ta Romanowski, Hiroshi G. Okuno, F. F. Wilson, S. Kitamura, M. Chiarini, G. Sartorelli, R. Timellini, A. Dake, N. H. Brook, V. L. Harris, Jonathan Butterworth, S. Yamada, L. S. Durkin, Ada Solano, P.M. Patel, A. A. Savin, R. Walczak, M. Adamus, G. Marini, A.K. Wróblewski, A. Bamberger, L. Suszycki, S. Limentani, R. R. McNeil, K. Charchuła, W.N. Murray, G. Anzivino, A. Bruni, A. Zichichi, Matthias Kasemann, M. Löwe, M. Nakao, P. Borzemski, D. Notz, Samuel Silverstein, G.A. Blair, M. Brkic, S. H. Yon, M. Lancaster, D. Krakauer, T. W. Jones, Anna Goussiou, D.D. Reeder, G. D'Agostini, B. Diekmann, Stan Bentvelsen, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, N. P. Zotov, W. Kröger, R. J. Teuscher, T. Y. Ling, G. Zech, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, R. J. Seifert, Giovanni Abbiendi, Robert Klanner, A. Vorvolakos, G. Feild, Stefano Maria Mari, P. Erhard, Jens Hartmann, T.L. Short, Efstathios Stiliaris, S. Böttcher, Y. Nagasawa, L. Lamberti, H. Uijterwaal, P.F. Ermolov, M. de Kamps, P.M. Kooijman, D. K. Hasell, E. Gallo, K. O'Shaughnessy, S. Dagan, H. J. Kim, K. Honscheid, Yu. A. Golubkov, A. Francescato, M. Posocco, Geoffrey Smith, Giovanni Maccarrone, A. Kruse, J. K. Bienlein, S. Schlenstedt, P. J. Bussey, J. Shulman, F. Dal Corso, T. Hasegawa, A. Leich, P. Cloth, P.M. Hallam-Baker, R. Imlay, G. Grzelak, Af Zarnecki, Debades Bandyopadhyay, C. Del Papa, Juan Terron, M. Kasprzak, S. Magill, T. C. Bacon, G. Cases, E. Tscheslog, S. M. Hong, S. De Pasquale, R. L. Talaga, S. Qian, I. Gialas, M. Nuti, J. Schroeder, R. S. Orr, P. B. Straub, B. Behrens, G. Bari, M.I. Ferrero, V.A. Jamieson, B. Bednarek, R. Beuselinck, T. S. Yoon, H. van der Lugt, F. Zetsche, H.-P. Jakob, J. L. Thron, Masashi Hazumi, R. Brugnera, V. A. Kuzmin, D. C. Bailey, M. De Giorgi, D. J. Gilkinson, Gm Levman, P. Filges, W. Metcalf, E. Badura, U. Holm, N. A. McCubbin, Y. Nakamitsu, Katsuo Tokushuku, N. Pavel, Umberto Dosselli, S. W. Nam, David Cussans, Janusz Chwastowski, William S. Lockman, E. A. De Wolf, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, J.J. Engelen, Kr Long, A.G. Tenner, S. Ritz, D. S. Hanna, Tachishige Hirose, Anselmo Margotti, L.W. Wiggers, G.G. Stairs, T. Tsurugai, M. Kuze, E. McCliment, J. Roldán, R. Hamatsu, J.C. Giddings, A. Seiden, Michele Guida, Jose Repond, M. Przybycień, L. Wai, Meng Wang, R. van Woudenberg, S. Repond, A. T. Doyle, A.M. Khan, W. H. Smith, G. Gloth, R. Schattevoy, Masami Chiba, P.L. Makkar, R. Stroili, Mário Costa, U. Contino, Klaus Kurt Desch, C. Peroni, R. Ayad, M. Roco, G. Cara Romeo, G. Geitz, G. Theisen, U. Karshon, Luis Hervas, D. Boscherini, G. Susinno, Saverio D'Auria, J.S.T. Ng, I. McArthur, P. Bruni, Costas Foudas, L.W. Mo, Dg Stairs, A. Caldwell, F. Frasconi, J. Malos, J.R. Forbes, K.W. McLean, A. Ladage, S. Söldner-Rembold, A. Nigro, A. Dwuraźny, A.F. Whitfield, J.D. Prentice, R. Loveless, M. Geerts, K. Blankenship, C.R. Sampson, H. Dabbous, Derrick, M, Krakauer, D, Magill, S, Musgrave, B, Repond, J, Repond, S, Stanek, R, Talaga, Rl, Thron, J, Arzarello, F, Ayad, R, Bari, G, Basile, M, Bellagamba, L, Boscherini, D, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Bruni, P, Romeo, Gc, Castellini, G, Chiarini, M, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Ciralli, F, Contin, A, Lin, Q, Lisowski, B, Maccarrone, G, Margotti, A, Massam, T, Nania, R, Nemoz, C, Palmonari, F, Sartorelli, G, Timellini, R, Garcia, Yz, Zichichi, A, Bargende, A, Crittenden, J, Dabbous, H, Desch, K, Diekmann, B, Doeker, T, Geerts, M, Geitz, G, Hartmann, H, Haun, D, Heinloth, K, Hilger, E, Jakob, Hp, Kramarczyk, S, Kuckes, M, Mass, A, Mengel, S, Mollen, J, Monaldi, D, Musch, H, Paul, E, Schattevoy, R, Schneider, Jl, Schramm, D, Wedemeyer, R, Cassidy, A, Cussans, Dg, Dyce, N, Foster, B, Gilmore, R, Heath, Gp, Heath, Hf, Lancaster, M, Llewellyn, Tj, Malos, J, Morgado, Cj, Tapper, Rj, Wilson, S, Yoshida, R, Rau, Rr, Arneodo, M, Barillari, T, Schioppa, M, Susinno, G, Bernstein, A, Caldwell, A, Gialas, I, Parsons, Ja, Ritz, S, Sciulli, F, Straub, Pb, Wai, L, Yang, S, Chwastowski, J, Dwurazny, A, Eskreys, A, Jakubowski, Z, Niziol, B, Piotrzkowski, K, Zachara, M, Zawiejski, L, Bednarek, B, Borzemski, P, Eskreys, K, Jelen, K, Kisielewska, D, Kowalski, T, Rulikowskazarebska, E, Suszycki, L, Zajac, J, Kedzierski, T, Kotanski, A, Przybycien, M, Bauerdick, Lat, Behrens, U, Bienlein, Jk, Bottcher, S, Coldewey, C, Dannemann, A, Drews, G, Erhard, P, Flasinski, M, Fleck, I, Glaser, R, Gottlicher, P, Gutjahr, B, Haas, T, Hagge, L, Hain, W, Hasell, D, Hultschig, H, Jahnen, G, Joos, P, Kasemann, M, Klanner, R, Koch, W, Kopke, L, Kotz, U, Kowalski, H, Kruger, J, Labs, J, Ladage, A, Lohr, B, Lowe, M, Luke, D, Mainusch, J, Manczak, O, Momayezi, M, Ng, Jst, Nickel, S, Notz, D, Posnecker, Ku, Rohde, M, Roldan, J, Ros, E, Schneekloth, U, Schroeder, J, Schulz, W, Selonke, F, Stiliaris, E, Tscheslog, E, Tsurugai, T, Vogel, W, Wolf, G, Youngman, C, Grabosch, Hj, Leich, A, Meyer, A, Rethfeldt, C, Schlenstedt, S, Barbagli, G, Francescato, A, Nuti, M, Pelfer, P, Anzivino, G, Casaccia, R, Depasquale, S, Qian, S, Votano, L, Bamberger, A, Freidhof, A, Kroger, W, Poser, T, Soldnerrembold, S, Theisen, G, Trefzger, T, Brook, Nh, Bussey, Pj, Doyle, At, Forbes, Jr, Jamieson, Va, Raine, C, Saxon, Dh, Bruckmann, H, Gloth, G, Holm, U, Kammerlocher, H, Krebs, B, Neumann, T, Wick, K, Furtjes, A, Lohrmann, E, Milewski, J, Nakahata, M, Pavel, N, Poelz, G, Schott, W, Terron, J, Zetsche, F, Bacon, Tc, Beuselinck, R, Butterworth, I, Gallo, E, Harris, Vl, Miller, Db, Prinias, A, Sedgbeer, Jk, Vorvolakos, A, Whitfield, A, Bienz, T, Kreutzmann, H, Mallik, U, Mccliment, E, Roco, M, Wang, Mz, Cloth, P, Filges, D, An, Sh, Hong, Sm, Kim, Co, Kim, Ty, Nam, Sw, Park, Sk, Suh, Mh, Yon, Sh, Imlay, R, Kartik, S, Kim, Hj, Mcneil, Rr, Metcalf, W, Nadendla, Vk, Barreiro, F, Cases, G, Hervas, L, Labarga, L, Delpeso, J, Detroconiz, Jf, Ikraiam, F, Mayer, Jk, Smith, Gr, Corriveau, F, Gilkinson, Dj, Hanna, D, Hartmann, J, Hung, Lw, Lim, Jn, Drees, Rm, Mitchell, Jw, Patel, Pm, Sinclair, Le, Stairs, Dg, Stlaurent, M, Ullmann, R, Bashindzhagyan, Gl, Ermolov, Pf, Gladilin, Lk, Golubkov, Ya, Kuzmin, Va, Kuznetsov, En, Savin, Aa, Voronin, Ag, Zotov, Np, Bentvelsen, S, Botje, M, Dake, A, Engelen, J, Dejong, P, Dekamps, M, Kooijman, P, Kruse, A, Vanderlugt, H, Odell, V, Tenner, A, Tiecke, H, Uijterwaal, H, Vreeswijk, M, Wiggers, L, Dewolf, E, Vanwoudenberg, R, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L, Honscheid, K, Li, C, Ling, Ty, Mclean, Kw, Murray, Wn, Park, Ih, Romanowski, Ta, Seidlein, R, Blair, Ga, Byrne, A, Cashmore, Rj, Coopersarkar, Am, Devenish, Rce, Gingrich, Dm, Hallambaker, Pm, Harnew, N, Khatri, T, Long, Kr, Luffman, P, Mcarthur, I, Morawitz, P, Nash, J, Smith, Sjp, Roocroft, Nc, Wilson, Ff, Abbiendi, G, Brugnera, R, Carlin, R, Dalcorso, F, Degiorgi, M, Dosselli, U, Gasparini, F, Limentani, S, Morandin, M, Posocco, M, Stanco, L, Stroili, R, Voci, C, Butterworth, Jm, Bulmahn, J, Feild, G, Oh, By, Whitmore, J, Contino, U, Dagostini, G, Guida, M, Iori, M, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marini, G, Mattioli, M, Nigro, A, Hart, Jc, Mccubbin, Na, Prytz, K, Shah, Tp, Short, Tl, Barberis, E, Cartiglia, N, Heusch, C, Hubbard, B, Leslie, J, Lockman, W, Oshaughnessy, K, Sadrozinski, Hf, Seiden, A, Zerzion, D, Badura, E, Biltzinger, J, Seifert, Rj, Walenta, Ah, Zech, G, Dagan, S, Levy, A, Hasegawa, T, Hazumi, M, Ishii, T, Kasai, S, Kuze, M, Nagasawa, Y, Nakao, M, Okuno, H, Tokushuku, K, Watanabe, T, Yamada, S, Chiba, M, Hamatsu, R, Hirose, T, Kitamura, S, Nagayama, S, Nakamitsu, Y, Cirio, R, Costa, M, Ferrero, Mi, Lamberti, L, Maselli, S, Peroni, C, Solano, A, Staiano, A, Dardo, M, Bailey, Dc, Bandyopadhyay, D, Benard, F, Bhadra, S, Brkic, M, Burow, Bd, Chlebana, F, Crombie, Mb, Hartner, Gf, Levman, Gm, Martin, Jf, Orr, R, Prentice, Jd, Sampson, Cr, Stairs, Gg, Teuscher, Rj, Yoon, T, Bullock, Fw, Catterall, Cd, Giddings, Jc, Jones, Tw, Khan, Am, Lane, Jb, Makkar, Pl, Shaw, D, Shulman, J, Blankenship, K, Kochocki, J, Lu, B, Mo, Lw, Charchula, K, Ciborowski, J, Gajewski, J, Grzelak, G, Kasprzak, M, Krzyzanowski, M, Muchorowski, K, Nowak, Rj, Pawlak, Jm, Stopczynski, A, Tymieniecka, T, Walczak, R, Wroblewski, Ak, Zakrzewski, Ja, Zarnecki, Af, Adamus, M, Abramowicz, H, Eisenberg, Y, Glasman, C, Karshon, U, Montag, A, Revel, D, Shapira, A, Foudas, C, Fordham, C, Loveless, Rj, Goussiou, A, Ali, I, Behrens, B, Dasu, S, Reeder, Dd, Smith, Wh, Silverstein, S, Frisken, Wr, Furutani, Km, Iga, Y, and RI De Pasquale Salvatore/B 9165 2008 Lancaster Mark/C 1693 2008 Doyle Anthony/C 5889 2009 Gladilin Leonid/B 5226 2011 Golubkov Yury/E 1643, 2012

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, LUND MONTE-CARLO, LEPTON PRODUCTION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron, excited electrons, electron proton collider, JET FRAGMENTATION, law.invention, MUONS, Nuclear physics, LIMITS, ZEUS, CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR, E+E-PHYSICS, Z0 DECAY, GAMMA-GAMMA%22">E+E-->GAMMA-GAMMA, CALORIMETER, law, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Muon, ZEUS (particle detector), Luminosity (scattering theory), Compton scattering, HERA, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

This paper reports a search for excited electrons at the HERA electron-proton collider. In a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 26 nb−, no evidence was found for any resonant state decaying into e−γ, νW− or e−Z0. Limits on the coupling strength of an excited electron have been determined for masses between 45 and 225 GeV. This study also reports the observation of the wide-angle eγ Compton scattering process.

Published
1993

37. THE OXFORD SUBMICRON NUCLEAR MICROSCOPY FACILITY

Author

M. Dawson, Geoffrey W. Grime, I. McArthur, M.A Marsh, and Frank Watt

Subjects
Ethernet, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Data processing, SIMPLE (military communications protocol), business.industry, Computer science, Data acquisition, Interfacing, Mainframe computer, business, Communications protocol, Instrumentation, Computer hardware, VMEbus
Abstract

This paper describes the unique nuclear microprobe facility now established in the University of Oxford. The system, which uses a dedicated small accelerator, operates on a regular daily basis, therefore the emphasis of the design has been on achieving reliable, high-quality performance while minimising overheads of alignment in the focusing system and off-line data processing. The beam-optical system from the ion source to the final lens is described. The final lens has been specially developed to have negligible sextupole-field contamination which allows submicron operation using simple alignment procedures. The system uses up to three beam lines with specialised target chambers. These are described briefly. The data acquisition system uses distributed processing with a VMEbus 68020 microcomputer system handling collection and on-line sorting of data from up to six detectors, a graphics workstation for operator interfacing and a mainframe computer for archiving and off-line processing of data. The components of the system communicate via Ethernet and a low-failure-rate/highthroughput communications protocol has been developed. The archiving procedures are designed to handle high volumes of data (up to 100 Mb per day) with efficient data compression, transparent recall of recent data and simple restoration of archived data.

Published
1991

38. Engineered biosynthesis of hybrid macrolide polyketides containing d-angolosamine and d-mycaminose moieties

Author

Stephen F. Haydock, Rose Mary Sheridan, Isabelle Carletti, Eliot Read, Lindsey Low, Sabine Gaisser, Ursula Schell, Peter F. Leadlay, Friederike Grolle, Maria-Jose Fernandez, Lesley S. Sheehan, Rachel E. Lill, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Andrew L. Kaja, and Barrie Wilkinson

Subjects
Glucosamine, Natural product, Glycosylation, Molecular Structure, biology, Stereochemistry, Desosamine, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Streptomyces, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biosynthesis, Multigene Family, Gene cluster, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, Glycosyl, Macrolides, Heterologous expression, Cloning, Molecular, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Genetic Engineering, Sequence Analysis
Abstract

The glycosylation of natural product scaffolds with highly modified deoxysugars is often essential for their biological activity, being responsible for specific contacts to molecular targets and significantly affecting their pharmacokinetic properties. In order to provide tools for the targeted alteration of natural product glycosylation patterns, significant strides have been made to understand the biosynthesis of activated deoxysugars and their transfer. We report here efforts towards the production of plasmid-borne biosynthetic gene cassettes capable of producing TDP-activated forms of D-mycaminose, D-angolosamine and D-desosamine. We additionally describe the transfer of these deoxysugars to macrolide aglycones using the glycosyl transferases EryCIII, TylMII and AngMII, which display usefully broad substrate tolerance.

Published
2008
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39. Zeus central tracking detector second level trigger and readout architectures

Author

S. Smith, P. Hallam‐Baker, D. M. Gingrich, I. McArthur, and R. C. E. Devenish

Subjects
Physics, Data flow diagram, Particle physics, Data acquisition, Pulse circuits, business.industry, Detector, Level trigger, CTD, business, Zeus (malware), Computer hardware, Electronic circuit
Abstract

The Zeus central tracking detector (CTD) second level trigger is based on a network of transputers closely integrated with the CTD data acquisition system. The network which has been designed to exploit the natural parallelism inherent in the CTD design is described. Some performance estimates of the trigger algorithm and data flow through the network are given.

Published
1990
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40. A package for the simulation of asynchronous parallel systems

Author

I. McArthur, P.M. Hallam-Baker, and D.M. Gingrich

Subjects
Data acquisition, Pulse circuits, Computer engineering, business.industry, Computer science, Asynchronous communication, Detector, Asynchronous array of simple processors, business, Computer hardware, Electronic circuit, Microelectronic circuits
Abstract

High interaction rate colliders impose stringent requirements on data acquisition and triggering systems. These systems can only be realised by using asynchronous parallel networks of processors. The accurate prediction of the performance of these networks is essential for the design of the system. We have written a package to simulate networks of asynchronous processors. We have written a package to simulate networks of asynchronous processors. The package is general and has been successfully used to help design the data aquisition system of the ZEUS central tracking detector.

Published
1990
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41. Stereochemical Analyses of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus Type-II Dehydroquinate Dehydratase and Evidence for a Role of the Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of the Shikimate-Derived Moiety of Ascomycin

Author

Claudio D. Denoya, Maria S. Brown, Hamish A. I. McArthur, Kevin A. Reynolds, Yuko M. Lindsay, and Galina Florova

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, Biochemistry, Biosynthesis, Dehydratase, medicine, Moiety, Ascomycin, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, medicine.drug
Published
1998
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42. Selective Production of Capreomycins through Mutation and Medium Development

Author

H. A. I. Mcarthur, Brook Knight Morse, A. E. Doro, Richard Gerald Wax, Maria S. Brown, and T. K. Murphy

Subjects
Pharmacology, biology, biology.organism_classification, Medium development, Streptomyces, Microbiology, Cell biology, Fermentation, Mutation, Drug Discovery, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Capreomycin, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Antibacterial agent
Published
1997
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44. Peptidoglycan Carboxypeptidase and Endopeptidase Activities of Bacillus coagulans NCIB 9365

Author

Peter E. Reynolds and Hamish A. I. McArthur

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Carboxypeptidase, Endopeptidase, Divalent, carbohydrates (lipids), chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane, Endopeptidase activity, Enzyme, Biochemistry, biology.protein, bacteria, Bacillus coagulans, Peptidoglycan
Abstract

Summary: The Dpcarboxypeptidase of Bacillus coagulans was exclusively associated with the proto-plast membrane. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 4.9 and was sensitive to thiol reagents. The D, D-carboxypeptidase was stimulated by most divalent cations, Pb2+ and Cd2+ providing the greatest degree of activation, but it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Fe2+. A particulate L, D-carboxypeptidase was demonstrated in membrane preparations which were also able to catalyse a simple transpeptidation reaction employing D-alanine as the carboxyl acceptor. An endopeptidase activity capable of liberating D-alanyl-D-alanine from UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-y-γ-D-glutamy-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide) was present in the cytoplasm. This appeared to be the reverse reaction of the D-alanyl-D-alanine-adding enzyme responsible for the generation of the peptidoglycan precursor UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide.

Published
1979
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45. Development of the ZEUS central tracking detector

Author

B. Foster, A.K. Jamdagni, Neville Harnew, D. McQuillan, D. Shaw, G. Nixon, R. J. Cashmore, R.J. Tapper, John Hart, D.J. White, K.R. Long, M. M. Mobayyen, R.C. Devenish, J. Shulman, Fergus Wilson, G.L. Salmon, S.M. Tkaczyk, Douglas Gingrich, L W Toudup, A.J. Sephton, T.J. Fraser, S. Smith, Jon-Paul R. Wells, J. Malos, J. Nash, E.W.G. Wallis, C.J.S. Morgado, C.B. Brooks, J.H.C. Roberts, R. Wastie, P.D. Shield, T.B. Shaw, G.J. Lush, I. Silvester, T.J. Llewellyn, N. A. McCubbin, R.S. Gilmore, D. H. Saxon, A.G. Parham, G.P. Heath, I. McArthur, D.E. Strachan, M.D. Gibson, K.L. Yeo, A.R. Holmes, T.W. Jones, F. W. Bullock, D. B. Miller, B.T. Payne, J.W. Hiddleston, and N.C. Martin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Track (disk drive), Detector, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Instrumentation, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

The design concept and development of the ZEUS central tracking detector is described. This is a cylindrical drift chamber designed for track reconstruction, electron identification and event triggering in a high-crossing-rate, high-magnetic-field environment.

Published
1989
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47. USE OF OCCAM IN ZEUS

Author

I. McArthur and P.M. Hallam-Baker

Subjects
TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Computer science, Programming language, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, occam, Software_PROGRAMMINGTECHNIQUES, Deadlock, computer.software_genre, Mathematical proof, Zeus (malware), Simulation language, Software, Hardware and Architecture, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

This paper ilustrates the use of Occam in the design of the central tracking detector trigger of ZEUS. A major advantage of using Occam is that it can describe both hardware and software in a single framework. The mathematical basis of Occam allows formal proofs of deadlock and livelock freedom. Work is also being undertaken at present to simulate the whole trigger system using Occam as the model for a simulation language.

Published
1989

48. Association of alginate from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with two forms of heparin-binding lectin isolated from rat lung

Author

H. Ceri, H. A. I. Mcarthur, and C. Whitfield

Subjects
Hemagglutination, Cystic Fibrosis, Alginates, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Cystic fibrosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Glucuronic Acid, Lectins, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lung, Alginic acid, biology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Heparin, Hexuronic Acids, Lectin, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Rats, Infectious Diseases, Hemagglutinins, chemistry, Carbohydrate Sequence, Pseudomonadales, biology.protein, Parasitology, Pseudomonadaceae, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract

An endogenous heparin-binding lectin activity isolated from rat lung was separated into two distinct isolectin forms which showed subtle changes in carbohydrate specificity. The two lectin forms displayed different specificities toward alginic acid-purified cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when assayed by inhibition of both hemagglutination and [3H]heparin binding. This ability of isolectin forms to show higher affinity toward alginic acid from certain P. aeruginosa strains may suggest that there is a selective mechanism in the colonization of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Published
1986

49. Traditional Food Energy Intake among Indigenous Populations in Select High-Income Settler-Colonized Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.

Author

McCartan J, van Burgel E, McArthur I, Testa S, Thurn E, Funston S, Kho A, McMahon E, and Brimblecombe J

Abstract

The traditional diets of Indigenous Peoples globally have undergone a major transition due to settler colonialism. This systematic review aims to provide a perspective of traditional food intake of Indigenous populations in high-income settler-colonized countries. For inclusion, studies reported the primary outcome of interest-traditional food contribution to total energy intake (% of energy)-and occurred in Canada, the United States (including Hawaii and Alaska), New Zealand, Australia, and/or Scandinavian countries. Primary outcome data were reported and organized by date of data collection by country. Forty-nine articles published between 1987 and 2019 were identified. Wide variation in contribution of traditional food to energy was reported. A trend for decreasing traditional food energy intake over time was apparent; however, heterogeneity in study populations and dietary assessment methods limited conclusive evaluation of this. This review may inform cross-sectoral policy to protect the sustainable utilization of traditional food for Indigenous Peoples., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)

Published
2020
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50. Factors Influencing Time to Diagnosis in Childhood Narcolepsy Type 1.

Author

Levy S, McArthur I, Crow B, and Zuberi S

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Male, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Narcolepsy diagnosis, Vaccination
Abstract

Objective: To study the variables impacting on time from symptom onset to diagnosis in childhood narcolepsy, including presence of cataplexy, onset in infancy, administration of the H1N1 Pandemrix vaccine, and date of diagnosis following the H1N1 pandemic., Design: A retrospective cohort study of 42 children seen in a single tertiary pediatric neurology center between 1996 and 2016., Key Results: Onset of symptoms of narcolepsy occurred between infancy and 15 years, with 92.9% of children symptomatic by 13 years. Time from reported symptom onset to diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 11 years, with 51.3% diagnosed within 12 months of symptom onset. Those patients who were reportedly symptomatic from birth had a statistically significant increased time from reported symptom onset to diagnosis., Conclusions: The symptoms of childhood narcolepsy progress over time. The number of annual diagnoses in this center increased over the study period, but there is no evidence that the time from symptom onset to diagnosis is decreasing. Being reportedly symptomatic from the age of <1 year is associated with an increased time to diagnosis. We recommend raising awareness of narcolepsy among medical students and general practitioners. It is important that clinicians appreciate the clinical relevance of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Published
2019
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