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The article provides data on the comparative assessment of the study of acute and subacute dermal toxicity of powder for wounds made based on iodoform by various methods. The research was conducted using the classic method and according to the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410). When studying acute skin toxicity using the traditional method, it was established that the drug under study belongs to the IV toxicity class (low-toxic substances) and, when determined by the way according to the UGS (GHS) – to category 5. During long-term dermal application of powder for wounds, no significant changes in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (MCHC), the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (MCH) and several platelets were established by the classical method. In addition, a slight increase in creatinine, urea, and the activity of ALT and AST was established against a slight decrease in the total protein content. When studying the acute toxicity of powder for wounds following the OECD method No. 410, it was confirmed that long-term dermal application of the investigated agent caused a slight increase in the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, and spleen and a probable increase in the weight coefficients of the kidneys against the background of a decrease in the body weight of animals. Also, in animals of all experimental groups, the number of erythrocytes increased by 0.6 %, 5.1 %, and 10.5 % (Р < 0.05), respectively, and the number of leukocytes decreased by 15.9 % (Р < 0.05), 21.8 % (Р < 0.05), 23.4 % (Р < 0.05), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) by 2.4 %, 4.2 %, 9.2 % (Р < 0,05). When determining the biochemical indicators of blood serum, it was established that using the research product for 28 days caused a slight decrease in the total protein content in animals of the I, II, and III research groups. In addition, the animals of all experimental groups showed an increase in the level of creatinine, respectively, by – 10.6 % (Р < 0.05), 13.3 % (Р < 0.05), 15.4 % (Р < 0.05), urea at – 3.3 %, 7.3 % (Р < 0.05), 12.6 % (Р < 0.05).

The article presents the results of the study of acute and subacute skin toxicity of an antiseptic ointment based on ichthyol. The research was conducted using the classic method and according to the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410). The study of the dermal toxicity of the product under study by the classic method showed that long-term use of the drug in animals of the experimental groups did not cause significant changes in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, the value of hematocrit, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCHC), the average volume of the erythrocyte (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) and the number of platelets, the content of total protein, the level of creatinine and the activity of AST. The study of skin toxicity of the product under study according to the OECD method No. 410 showed that the number of erythrocytes increased in the animals of the I, II, and III research groups, respectively, by – 10.7 (Р < 0.01), 6.0 (Р < 0.05), and 7.5 % (Р < 0.05). At the same time, the concentration of hemoglobin did not change. In addition, in the animals of the I and II experimental groups, a tendency towards an increase in hematocrit was established. In the animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, changes in the erythrocyte index were noted; in particular, a probable decrease in the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) was established, respectively by – 5.2 (P < 0.05), 5.2 (P

Introduction. Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme remains little effective due to the rapidly developing recurrence of the tumor, due to its high tumorigenic potential, resistance to chemoradiation therapy and increased dissemination of glioma stem cells. The identification of potential therapeutic targets, which make it possible to more effectively destroy glioma stem cells, becomes topical. In this regard, the study of ferroptosis (FP), which can cause the death of tumor cells with a highly malignant phenotype, is of great importance. However, FP and its regulatory pathways in the GSC are not fully understood. At present, it is also not clear how FP differs for glioma stem cells and glioblastoma differentiated cells.Aim. To study the expression of ferroptosis signaling cascade determinants in CD133+ glioma stem cells and CD133- glioblastoma differentiated cells using high resolution proteomic mass spectrometry.Materials and methods. High-resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. In total, 1970 proteins were identified, 15 of which are associated with ferroptosis and are present in both cell populations. Upregulation of 12 FP determinants (ACSL1, ACSL3, COPZ1, FTH1, FTL, GPX1, GPX4, PCBP1, SLC3A2, TFRC, VDAC1, VDAC2) was found in CD133+ glioblastoma stem cells compared to CD133- differential glioblastoma cells, 10 of which were more than 2-fold overexpressed.Conclusion. Important regularities have been established in the expression of ferroptosis determinants and proteins controlling this process in glioma stem cells, which can be used in the development of new approaches to the detection of potential targets for the therapy of glioblastoma multiforme.

The article presents the results of studying the subacute skin toxicity of a wound-healing cream based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin sulfate, and clotrimazole. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410), the research was conducted using the classic method. When studying the effect of a wound-healing agent on the body of animals during long-term 28-day dermal application by the classical method in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, which received the drug in a dose of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg body weight; respectively no significant changes were found in the body weight of the animals and the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. At the same time, in the animals of the II and III research groups, a slight increase in the concentration of hemoglobin was noted, respectively, by 1.3 and 3.9 %, the level of urea – 5.3 and 11.2 %, the activity of AST – 9.8 and 14.9 % compared to the indicators of animals of the control group. In these groups, there was a decrease in total protein concentration by 5.5 and 6.8 %, creatinine level by 3.1 and 5.3 %, and ALT activity by 6.5 and 9.7 %. The studies conducted according to the OECD No. 410 make it possible to obtain more informative data on the toxic effect of the investigated agent. In particular, it was established that the use of the researched drug in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups caused a decrease in the weight coefficients of the spleen mass, respectively, by 19.1 (Р < 0.05), 22.4 (Р < 0.05) and 28.3 % (P < 0.05), hearts – 3.6, 4.6 and 7.7 %, kidneys – 4.9, 6.5 and 10.4 % and animal body weight – 4.5, 5.4 and 6.4 %, hemoglobin concentrations – 2.6, 2.9 and 4.4 %, leukocyte counts – 21.4, 16.1 and 15.1 %, hematocrit values – 1.9, 3, 6 and 4.0 %. The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (MSN) also decreased by 8.3, 6.9, and 5.1 %, and the average erythrocyte (MCV) volume was 5.0, 4.7, and 1.7 %. In addition, an increase in weight coefficients of liver mass was established by 10.8 (P < 0.05), 11.8 (P < 0.05), and 15.6 % (P < 0.05). When studying the effect of the researched agent during 28-day dermal application on biochemical indicators of blood serum in animals of the first experimental group, a decrease in the concentration of total protein by 5.8 % was established. Under these conditions, an increase in creatinine level, urea level, ALT, and AST was established, respectively, by 6.2, 18.8 (P < 0.05), 3.8, and 14.7 % (P < 0.05). It should be noted that the use of the researched product in animals of the II and III experimental groups caused an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by 28.6 and 35.7 % (Р < 0.05), creatinine by 8.4 and 3.5 %, AST – 16.4 (P < 0.05) and 11.3 % and the activity of ALT – 8.5 and 11.0 %.

Статья посвящена теме опыта практического взаимодействия негосударственных некоммерческих организаций и государственных структур по поддержке бывших осужденных, нуждающихся в разных видах помощи. Этот опыт важен при выстраивании системы пробации в России. «Закон о пробации в РФ» был подписан Президентом в феврале 2023 года, но действовать начнет с января 2024 года.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с получением образования осужденными при помощи цифровых технологий. В современных исправительных учреждениях все больше внимания уделяется использованию цифровых технологий для обучения осужденных. Это позволяет им получать доступ к образовательным программам и учебным ресурсам, которые раньше были недоступны. Электронное обучение для осужденных помогает им улучшать свои знания и навыки, а также подготавливаться к перспективной работе после освобождения. Кроме того, это позволяет осужденным занять свободное время, получить новые знания и навыки, развиваться как личность, что может повысить их уровень социальной адаптации после освобождения.

В статье рассматриваются методики и программы, связанные с устранением проблем, возникших в связи с отклоняющимся поведением осужденных, которое может выражаться в разных формах. Проблема девиации осужденных существует не только в России, но и в других странах. Большинство этих программ включают в себя образовательные инструменты (получение основного или дополнительного образования), психологическую коррекцию агрессивного поведения, лечение зависимостей и т. д. Поэтому для нашей страны будет небезынтересен успешный опыт зарубежья.

Статья посвящена проблемам, с которыми сталкиваются осужденные, перед и после выхода из мест заключения. Риск ресоциализации заключаются в том, что большинство этих проблем приводят к совершению повторных преступлений.

В январе 2024 года начнет свое действие «Закон о пробации», который был подписан в феврале 2023 года. Согласно ему выделяют следующие виды пробации: исполнительная пробация; пенитенциарная пробация; постпенитенциарная пробация. Как на этапе обсуждения, так и после принятия и подписания новый закон вызывает массу дискуссий, т.к. многие считают, что он мало реально может помочь осужденному социализироваться по-новому в обществе.

В статье отмечается, что социальные процессы, которые происходят в обществе многоаспектны. Одним из социальных процессов является получение образования гражданами государства. В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты получения профессионального образования осужденными, находящимися в местах лишения свободы.

В соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации лица, преступившие закон и попавшие в исправительные учреждения, при этом нуждающиеся в получении образования, имеют право на это право. К тому же, в соответствии с Уголовно-исполнительным кодексом, образование является фактором ресоциализации осужденного и отношение к получению образования учитывается при рассмотрении вопроса об условно-досрочном освобождении, либо при замене одного вида наказания на другой вид. Однако на практике осужденные сталкиваются с рядом проблем при попытках осуществления права на образование, рассмотренных в статье.

The article presents data on the use in the cheese-making technology starter culture “Enteroplan”, which includes strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Carpathian cheese, particularly L. lactis, Lb. plantarum, E. durans in the ratio 50 : 40 : 10. The microflora of traditional dairy products, particularly cheese, has evolved through time and is unique. It is essential to reproduce and preserve such a microbiome in cheese making. A change in the technology was the use of cow's milk by introducing our starter culture, “Enteroplan”. For the manufacturing of bryndza, cow's milk was chosen, which satisfied regulatory documentation criteria in terms of organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and cheese suitability. According to organoleptic parameters, the manufactured prototype of cheese with starter culture “Enteroplan” had a pronounced, rich creamy-cheese taste and smell; its consistency was homogeneous, plastic, moderately dense, whereas the control cheese made with RSF had a less pronounced taste and smell, and its consistency was homogeneous, plastic, and moderately fragile. No significant discrepancies were found in other organoleptic indicators. According to the results of the scoring of the cheese, the prototype received 3 points more. The taste, odor, and consistency of the test sample were examined above compared to the control sample. During the 20-day maturation period of the cheese, the number of lactic acid bacteria was relatively high, ranging in the control sample from (6.6 ± 0.28)×105 to (2.5 ± 0.23)×105 CFU/g and in the experimental sample from (8.1 ± 0.30)×105 to (6.1 ± 0.18)×105 CFU/g. Pathogenic microflora, mold, and yeast-like fungi were not detected during the storage of the manufactured cheese samples.

We analyze linguistic features of poetic texts by V.A. Soloukhin, included in the collection “Poems” (1990). The subject of research is the image of an apple tree from the point of view of the specifics of its verbalization in the individual author’s picture of the world by V.A. Soloukhin in comparison with the linguistic embodiment of the image of an apple tree in the linguistic picture of the world of Russian people. The relevance of research lies in the fact that V.A. Soloukhin’s poetic picture of the world is analyzed from various linguistic and cultural positions, which is associated with the ability of a lexeme to absorb both ethnocultural information and individual author’s information. The purpose of study is to comprehend the role of the dendronym apple tree in the author’s work as a carrier of figurative folklore and mythological meanings. The image of a tree is considered in the context of the manifestation of the Russian mentality, culture and history. The study may have a practical focus in the teaching of Russian, including Russian as a foreign language; when studying the creativity of V.A. Soloukhin in the literary course and in the compilation of author’s dictionaries. It is concluded that the apple tree in the artistic picture of the world of V.A. Soloukhina is inextricably linked with the image of the Russian garden. The author, associating the concept of life and death with the apple tree, recalls the harm that a person can cause to wildlife, and by including in his works lexemes describing the flowering of an apple tree, the beauty of its fruits, wilting of leaves, coarsening of trunks and roots, he shows cyclicality life not only of a tree, but also of a person.

Статья посвящена вопросу этических аспектов информационной безопасности. По мнению авторов, этика призвана формулировать правила действий человека, должна отвечать на вопросы создания и этического использования технологий в социальном плане.

Introduction. To a large extent, the resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to genotoxic therapy is associated with a dysregulation of responses to DNA damage and repair. Thus, suppression of DNA repair mechanisms is a priority pathway for increasing the survival rate of glioblastoma multiforme patients. Curcumin enhances the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy drugs, but its effect on DNA repair systems is not well understood.The study objective – to study the molecular mechanisms of curcumin action on excisional DNA repair in U251 glioblastoma multiforme cells.Materials and methods. high-resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. In the proteomes of two types of glioblastoma multiforme cells (control and experiment), a total of 2757 proteins were identified, of which 39 % were differentially expressed. Significant changes have been found in many signaling cascades that play an important role in carcinogenesis.Conclusion. Curcumin suppressed excisional DNA repair by decreasing the expression of determinants APEX1, MSH6, PARP1. PCNA, POLD1, POLE3, RFC2, RPA.

The article presents the results of determining the ability of enterococci isolated from traditional Carpathian cheese to affect the antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, particularly test strains of S. aureus and E. coli. It was found that enterococci had different effects on the sensitivity of opportunistic pathogens to different groups of antimicrobial drugs. In particular, co-cultivation of S. aureus with enterococci did not affect the change in sensitivity to amoxicillin and glycopeptides (vancomycin). In the study of aminoglycosides, it was found that the sensitivity of staphylococcus to gentamicin increased when co-cultured with strains of E. faecium SB12 and E. durans SB18 by 14.8 (P < 0.05) and 13.1 % (P < 0.01), respectively. The tendency to increase the sensitivity of staphylococcus to streptomycin was also observed in cultivation with E. faecium SB12 and E. durans SB18. Concerning macrolides, in particular erythromycin, only one strain of E. durans SB18 caused a 3.2 % increase in staphylococcal susceptibility, and a probable increase in staphylococcal susceptibility was found in fluoroquinolones. In particular, the sensitivity of staphylococci to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin increased by 7.6 and 5.3 %, respectively (P < 0.05). The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli with enterococci found a slight increase in sensitivity to penicillins when co-cultured with strains of E. faecium SB12 and E. durans SB18. Thus, the antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli increased by 5.1 and 7.5 %, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity of E. coli to aminoglycosides (streptomycin) increased under co-cultivation with E. durans SB6 and SB18 strains by 7, 5, and 9.7 %, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, when co-cultured with E. faecium SB12 and E. durans SB18 strain, the sensitivity of E. coli to enrofloxacin increased by 7.6 and 5.3 %, respectively (P < 0.05), and to norfloxacin – by 3, 8, and 4.9 %. Co-cultivation with E. durans SB6 and E. faecium SB12 strains increased the sensitivity of E. coli to ẞ-lactam antibiotics, in particular, cefazolin by 9.1 % (P < 0.05), and in co-cultivation with E. durans SB18 – at 14.1% (P < 0.01).

В статье рассматриваются методы воздействия на личность осужденного в местах лишения свободы, которые могут применять как психологи исправительных учреждений, так и другие сотрудники администрации. Поскольку целью уголовно-исполнительной системы является перевоспитание осужденных, по сути – формирование новой, некриминальной личности, сотрудникам, помимо психологов, необходимо владеть методами, с помощью которых новая личность будет сформирована.

Статья посвящена теме истории становления пенитенциарной психологии в европейских странах в период Нового времени. Авторы предприняли попытку собрать воедино существующие сведения.

Background. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops in the hypoxic microenvironment, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and is closely associated with tumor growth, development and poor prognosis. Hypoxia increases the resistance of tumor cells (TC) to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, promotes the appearance of an aggressive TC phenotype, leading to the disease recurrence. The molecular mechanism of hypoxic action on the secretome of GBM cells, which is involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, remains unclear. Also, markers of the aggressive hypoxia-associated phenotype of tumor cells have not been established. The purpose of research – to study the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia-associated effect on the secretome of the U251 GBM cells.Materials and method. High resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. A total of 1432 proteins were identified in the secretomes of two types of GBM cells (control and experiment). After the action of hypoxia, statistically significant changes in the expression of 390 proteins were registered. 11 proteins showed increase in expression over two orders of magnitude. The intracellular signaling pathways which are responsible for the hypoxia-associated effects on the U251 GMB cells have been identified.Conclusions. Hypoxia significantly affected the proteomic composition of the GBM cells secretome. Five overexpressed secretome proteins, S100A6, HEY1, ZIP3, S100A4, ZEB2, have been proposed as potential markers of the hypoxiaassociated phenotype of GBM, for which participation in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme has been previously showed.

Data on the study of the effect of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria on the morphological parameters of blood and the state of the intestinal microflora of white rats using a composition of probiotic strains of L. lactis, Lb. plantarum and E. durans SB18 in a ratio of 50:40:10. Thus, when determining the morphological parameters of the blood of rats at 14 days of use found a positive effect of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria on the hematopoietic function of laboratory animals. In particular, a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count and hematocrit value was found by 14.9, 14.0, 22.5 % (P < 0.05) and 5.7 %, respectively, compared with the control group. In addition, the use of the drug for 14 days caused an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCНS) by 9.8 % (P < 0.05) and a tendency to decrease the average hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCН) and the average erythrocyte volume (MCV) by 0.45 and 9.0 %, respectively, compared with the control group. Both central and peripheral organs of the immune system were also significantly affected. In particular, the relative weights of the thymus and spleen increased by 21.1 (P < 0.05 ) and 9.8 % (P

The article presents the results of determination of acute and subacute toxicity of the drug “Tilovet 20 %”, which was made on the basis of tylosin tartrate. In result of the conducted researches, it was found out, that LD50 of the drug “Tilovet 20 %” by intramuscular injection to white mice (calculated by the method of G. Kerber) is 10000 and mg/kg, and for white rats – 9583.33 mg/kg. Long-term use of the drug in a therapeutic dose caused a tendency to the decrease of hemoglobin concentration, amount of erythrocytes, platelets, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), content of the total protein, creatinine level, ALP activity on the background of a slight an increase of amount of leukocytes, urea level, AST and ALT activity compared to the values of the control group. The use of the drug in a dose that is 10 times higher than the therapeutic, caused a probable decrease of hemoglobin concentration by – 6.6 % (P < 0.05), platelet count by – 32.5 % (P < 0.05), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) by – 4.2 % (P < 0.05), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by – 1.5 % (P < 0.1), hematocrit value by – 4.95 %, and total protein content by – 10.7 % (P < 0.05), on the background of a slight an increase of amount of leukocytes by 5.3 %, ALP activity by – 17.5 %, compared to the values oft he control group. Therefore, all of the above may indicate to the suppression of hematopoietic processes and a decrease in the protein-synthesizing function of the liver.

The article presents the results of determination the microbiological parameters of honey as one of the important factors which influence on the quality and safety of food.. Therefore. It was determined the quantitative and qualitative composition of honey microflora from different regions of Ukraine and also was studied the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibiotics. The main microbiological risks are the increased level of mesophilic anaerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms, contamination of honey with pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (Coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, B. cereus) and microscopic fungi. It was found that total bacteria count was from 70 to 6,9 · 103 CFU/g. Molds were detected in 35,2 % cases, and their amount was from 50 to 320 CFU/g. Yeast-like fungi were detected in 29,4 % of samples and their amount was from 80 to 2.8 · 103 CFU/g. When identifying, the isolated microorganisms in the studied samples of honey was found microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus, in particular, S aureus, S. vitulinis, S. simulans, S. hominis, S. cohni and also Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Streptomices spp. In the study of washes from hives found that total bacteria count was from 2,8 · 104 to 1,4 · 106, mold fungi from 6,9 · 103 to 6,9 · 104 CFU/cm3, yeast-like fungi from 1,4 · 102 to 2,6 · 102 CFU/cm3. In results of conducted studies was found that staphylococci of S. simulans, S. hominis, S. cohni and S. aureus were not sensitive or poorly sensitive to streptomycin, amoxicillin and cephalexin, except for the strain S. vitulinis. The analysis of the results of monitoring of honey by microbiological indicators revealed negative trends in general microbial contamination and contamination by certain types of microorganisms, in particular Coliforms, staphylococci and microscopic fungi. To prevent the emergence of microbiological risks, it is necessary to establish microbiological criteria for safety of honey, to develop methodological approaches to the bacteriological studies of honey and bees products.

The article represent the use of disinfectant which was made based on salts of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PGMG-hydrochloride) and polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PGMG-phosphate) for water disinfection. Water plays one of the most important roles in almost all life processes. Water is a part of the blood, participates in blood circulatory system, delivers nutrients and oxygen to the organs, participates in oxidation reaction, hydrolysis and other reactions of intercellular metabolism, forms an environment to maintain a healthy microflora of the digestive tract, which provides effective breakdown of nutrients by the optimal amount of enzymes. Good drinking water quality must to be epidemically safe and free of pathogenic microbes, viruses and other biological inclusions. Also must be harmless in chemical composition, have good organoleptic properties ‒ be transparent, colorless, have no taste or odor. Water quality is assessed by total microbial contamination and the amount of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group in 1 cm3 of water, and also by thermostable Escherichia coli (fecal coliforms) in 100 cm3 of water, pathogenic microorganisms and the amount of coli-phages. In result of the conducted researches it was found that the use of disinfectant in 0,2 % concentration did not reduce the total microbial pollution of water. In particular, the efficiency of 1, 2 and 3-hour of exposure was 57, 62 and 68 %, respectively. After application of disinfectant in 0,3 % concentration the efficiency of its application was for 1 h – 69 %, 2 h – 82 %, 3 h – 100 %. It was found that the use of a disinfectant, which was made based on PGMG salts in 0,4 % concentration contributed to reduce the total microbial contamination of water. The efficiency by the 1, 2 and 3 hour of exposure was, respectively, 73, 86 and 100 %. Therefore, the use of a disinfectant, containing in its composition PGMG salts, in 0,3% concentration at 3 hours of exposure was more optimal, which contributed to reduce the total microbial contamination of water.

The article deals with the concentration changes and relative content of bacterial cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans in the intervals of sizes 0.2–2.0 µm under the influence of nano silver particles. Correlation between these changes of light-scattering properties of bacterial cells and growth abilities of bacteria Desulfuromonas acetoxidans under inflence of silver nanoparticles and ions has been shown. The purpose of the work was to research the intensity of processes the change of indexes of the antioxidant system the cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans at influence of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate. The influence of various concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on enzymatic activity of catalase and reduced glutathione synthesis by Desulfuromonas аcetoxidans cells under their cultivation with fumarate addition and with absence of sulphur has been determined. Specific catalase activity increased with enhancing of concentration and duration of bacterial cultivation under the addition of this salt. The highest specific catalase activity was determined on the second day of bacterial growth under the influence of all concentration range of investigated metal salt. The reduced glutathione content under silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles exposure varied depending on the cultivation time and metal concentration. The maximum reduced glutathione content has been observed. The result of catalase activity changes and glutathione content changes of sulfur-reducing D. acetoxidans bacteria cell-free extracts and has been investigated under the influence of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles during four days of cultivation has been investigated.

The article describes the scientific activities of a well-known Marxist scientist who worked at the University of Oxford and the University of California - Jaerald Allan Cohen. Raised by his parents in the spirit of Soviet Marxism, Cohen, despite all the changes in his views and doubts, remained faithful to the teachings of Marxism. The peculiarity of Cohen's views is that he was interested in Marxism not as a political ideology or a theory of the development of society, but as an ethical teaching, which later significantly distinguished his views from the Soviet Marxists. And on its basis, he developed his own ethical social theory, which was based on three main postulates: egalitarianism, justice and values. It would seem that Marxism and bourgeois universities are incompatible, but Cohen managed not only to defend his Marxist, and later socialist views, but also to take a high position at the university and gain respect for his serious analytical work among colleagues and students. According to their recollections, Cohen was distinguished by his exactitude for the accuracy of the use of any terms, which made it possible to avoid ambiguity in the interpretation of any of them. Cohen's works are of considerable interest at the present time, so some of his articles have been collected in a collection and translated into Russian over the past few years.

The research aimed to study dynamics of the physical fitness status in students of the “Tourism” specialized field during a trans-season stage. Totally 100 university students studying “Tourism” as a business service were involved into the physical fitness testing (48 males and 52 females). A half of the participants studied in the Classic University and another half − in the Sport University. Monthly testing was conducted seven times from September to March using a complex test Kontreks–2. The scoring system consists of eleven indicators: five of them are biomedical: age, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, reducing pulse; a six – motor: flexibility, speed, dynamic power, power, speed and overall endurance. Linear regression was used with a purpose to study trends of the physical fitness during the trans-season stage. Two-ways ANOVA was used to determine differences between samples. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to evaluate test-retest reliability (ICC=0.094). A significant superiority of students from the Sport University vs. Classic University was noticed during the seven months preparation stage (17.6%, p

Experimental studies obtained in recent years indicate the urgency of developing drugs of complex action to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in dogs. This requires a much deeper study of the pathogenesis of heart failure, including cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was the effect of bendamine on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant defense system of blood in rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. To reproduce heart failure in rats, an experimental model was used by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks. The study was performed on white sexually mature young male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on the standard diet of the institute vivarium of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. For the study, three groups of rats of 6 animals in each were formed: control group – intact animals; experimental group R1, in which animals were simulated doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin; experimental group R2, in which animals after injection of doxorubicin, intragastrically administered the drug “Bendamine” at a dose of 20 mg/kg. According to studies, doxorubicin intoxication in rats enhances LPO processes, as indicated by an increased content of lipid hydroperoxides by 47.4 %, diene conjugates – by 21.4 % and TBA-active products – by 24.9 % for animals of the control group. Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in rats has a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of animals. In particular, the activity of catalase decreases by 36.9 % (P ≤ 0.001), and the activity of SOD – by 20.3 % (P ≤ 0.001). In the study of the activity of the glutathione link of the antioxidant defense system, similar changes were found as in the study of the activity of catalase and SOD. The use of the drug “Bendamine” in the rats of the experimental group helped to inhibit the excessive formation of lipid peroxidation products and increase the activity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system.

A promising area for improving probiotics is the search for new sources of strains and the development of complex preparations which would include different types of bacterial cultures that complement each other. Sources of selection may be traditional dairy products, in particular, cheeses made from raw milk. Wild strains can be endowed with antibacterial properties. The antagonistic action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has long attracted the attention of researchers and scientists. The aim of the study was to investigate the antagonistic activity against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms of LAB strains isolated from traditional Carpathian cheese. Three samples of cheese were selected for the research – one sample of brynza and budz (brynza before salting), made in the highlands of the Carpathians, and one sample of budz, made in the foothills. LAB were identified using classic microbiological and modern molecular genetic methods (RAPD-PCR, RFLP-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing). The objects of our studies were five strains of LAB: Lactococcus lactis IMAU32258, L. garvieae JB2826472, Enterococcus durans FMA8, E. faecium L3-23, E. faecium IMAU9421. Technological parameters such as acid-forming activity of milk fermentation, resistance to high concentrations of NaCl and temperature optimums of cultivation were taken as the main criteria for assessing the suitability of LAB for inclusion in fermentation preparations. Antagonistic activity was determined by agar diffusion (agar well method) and optic density of test cultures using a Multiscan FC microplate reader (Thermo scientifiс, USA) at the wave of 620 nm. There were four reference strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms were test cultures: Listeria monocytogenes PCM 2191, Staphylococcus aureus PCM 458, Escherichia coli PCM 2208, Salmonella typhimurium PCM 2182. Strains of the test cultures were received from the collection of microorganisms of the Institute of Biology and Biotechnology the (University of Rzeszów, Poland). According to the ability of LAB strains to form lactic acid, L. lactis IMAU32258 was the best acid-forming agent with an acid-forming energy of 94 °T. E. faecium was characterized by moderate levels of active and titratable acidity. Less pronounced acid-forming ability was determined for the species E. durans and L. garvieae. Cultures of the genus E. faecium, L. garvieae and E. durans were the most resistant to high concentrations of NaCl (6.5%). Regarding temperature optimums, we found that strains of E. faecium and E. durans species grew both at temperatures of 10, 15 and 45 °C, whereas no growth of L. lactis IMAU32258 and L. garvieae JB282647 2 was observed at 45 °C. Among the studied bacteria, the strains of E. durans FMA8 and E. faecium L3-23 were characterized by the highest antagonistic activity in producing the largest zones of growth inhibition and optic density of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. The strain L. garvieae JB282647 2 exhibited the lowest level of antagonistic activity against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms.

The article presents the results of determination of acute and subacute toxicity of the drug "Chloracil", which was made on the basis of chlortetracycline hydrochloride. In result of the conducted researches, it was found out, that a single intragastric administration of the drug according to SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011 belongs to the 4th class of toxicity - low-toxic substances. In determining the toxicity of the drug by the long-term use, it was found out, that the use of Chloracil in therapeutic and in 10 times higher than the therapeutic doses did not cause death of white rats. The animals of the experimental groups were active, ate well food , and the general condition of the animals did not differ from the condition of the animals of the control group, but there was a tendency to decrease the weights of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus and kidneys on the background of an increase of body weight by 3.4 and 7.3% (p

The aim of the study was to identify and identify the causative agents of dermatomycosis in dogs and cats and to determine their sensitivity to solutions of ketonazole and chlorhexidine digluconate, which are part of the drug Skinhard. This is a spray for external use, manufactured by PJSC “Halychpharm”. For laboratory diagnosis of dermatomycoses, samples from the affected parts of the skin and fur of domestic animals were used. To isolate a pure culture of fungi were sown on selective media: wort agar, agar Saburo, Chapek. The optimal cultivation regime for pathogenic fungi was 20–25 °С. Isolated fungal cultures were identified by the appearance and shape of colonies, their consistency, color, ability to grow at 37 °C, microscopic structure, in particular - the nature of mycelial branching and the presence of septa, location of conidiophores, spores and other signs. A microbiological examination of the affected areas of the skin of dogs and cats was performed to detect microscopic fungi. The following fungi were isolated from dogs affected by mycoses: Candida spp., Aspergillus niger, Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp., Mucor spp., Trichophyton spp., Mallasseria spp., Sporotrich spp, Candida albicans, and from cats: Microspor Candida spp., Spototrich spp., Rhizorus spp., Fusarium spp. Trichophyton spp. Isolated microscopic fungi of the genus Malassezia spp. belong to superficial mycoses (keratomycoses) and affect the superficial layers of skin and hair. Epidermatophytes: Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp. affect the epidermis, skin and coat. In addition, opportunistic fungi of the genus Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp. and Fusarium spp. Chlorhexidine digluconate was found to be highly active against dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.), Less active against fungi of the genus Candida and less active against Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp, Fusarium spp. Ketonazole is highly active against dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp., Microsporum spp.), Yeast (Malassezia spp., Candida spp.,) And opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Rhizorus spp.).

In order to give the product functional properties, promising for the industry strains of cultures of lactic acid bacteria L. lactis ssp. lactis IMAU 32258, Lb. plantarum KLDS 1.0728 and E. durans SB18, isolated from traditional Carpathian bryndza. It was found that under conditions of co-cultivation, the studied strains were compatible, ie did not show interspecific antagonism. Based on these probiotic strains, five compositions of L. lactis ssp. lactis IMAU 32258, Lb. plantarum KLDS 1.0728 and E. durans SB18 in the ratios,%: composition № 1 – 50:25:25; № 2 – 33:33:33; № 3 – 50:40:10; № 4 – 50:10:40 and № 5 – 70:15:15 respectively. When determining the rate of biomass accumulation, it was found that at a temperature of 32 ° C the highest growth intensity was registered in the cultivation of compositions № 1, № 2 and № 4, it exceeded the control by 19.5–20.1 times (P

The article presents the results of determining the ability of enterococci extracted from traditional Carpathian cheese bryndza to produce biologically active substances, in particular, amino acids, B vitamins and cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium). It was found that the studied strains of enterococci in different quantities synthesized both essential and essential amino acids. Thus, the essential amino acid lysine was found in the cultivation of strains of E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20, in particular, its concentration was significantly increased by 15.6 and 10.4 %, respectively (P < 0.05) compared to the control. A probable increase in the essential amino acid histidine by 20 and 53.3 % (P < 0.05) was detected in the cultivation of only E. faecium SB12 and E. durans SB18. In addition, it was found a probable increase in threonine synthesis by enterococci E. durans SB6 and E. durans SB18, respectively – 33.3 and 39.6 % (P < 0.05). The replacement amino acid serine was able to synthesize strains of E. faecium SB12, E. durans SB18 and E. durans SB20, while its concentration increased by 40.0 (P < 0.001), 30.0 and 35.0 %, respectively < 0.01), and strains of E. durans, SB6, and E. durans SB18 synthesized glycine, the concentration of which increased by – 10.2 and 16.2 %, respectively (P < 0.01). In addition, it was found that the studied strains in small quantities synthesized B vitamins, or not synthesized at all. In all experimental samples the most vitamin B1 was detected, its concentration increased from 8.5 to 10.0 times (P < 0.001). Riboflavin was synthesized by three strains of enterococci – E. durans SB6, E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20, so the concentration of vitamin B2 probably increased, respectively, 4.1, 2.0 and 2.0 times (P < 0.05). Enterococci E. durans SB6, E. faecium SB12, E. durans SB18 and E. durans SB20 synthesized in significant quantities only vitamin B3, in particular, its concentration probably increased by 1.5, 1.5 (P < 0.05), respectively, 1.5 (P < 0.01) and 1.6 (P < 0.001) times, and vitamin B5 was produced by E. faecium SB12, E. durans SB18 and E. durans SB20, the concentration of nicotinic acid increased, respectively, 2.9 (P < 0.05), 8.4 and 9.5 (P < 0.001) times. Analysis of the macroelement composition of the supernatant of enterococci showed that strains of E. durans, SB6, E. faecium SB12, E. durans SB18 and E. durans SB20 are able to produce only Calcium, in particular, found a probable increase, respectively, in 1.8, 2.4, 1.6 and 1.4 times (P < 0.05).

The article present the results of the studies pathogenic properties of enterococci isolated from the Carpathian brynza. Due to the high enzymatic activity enterococci give food unique taste properties. However, scientists have an ambiguous attitude to them, primarily due to the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobials by these microorganisms, and the ability of certain species to cause various diseases in humans and animals. In the determining of infectivity was found that the intra-gastric administration of live enterococci at a dose of 108 CFU per animal, and in the study of toxicity - inactivated microorganisms, white mice remained alive. During the 14-day of observation period, the laboratory animals were active, had a satisfactory appetite, and maintained reflex excitability for sound and light stimulus. Therefore, the studied strains of enterococci E. durans SB6, E. faecium SB 12, E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20 are not infectious and non-toxic, as they did not cause any clinical symptoms and abnormalities in the overall condition of white mice. The tested strains of enterococci don’t have enzymes which are related to the factors of pathogenicity, in particular, they did not have the catalase activity, which have pathogenic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, did not produce lecithinase, which causes the de-polymerization of cell membranes of the microorganisms. In addition, the tested microorganisms did not produce plasma-coagulase and fibrinolysin that indicate on the apatogenic properties of the studied microorganisms. The tested strains of enterococci did not cause an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the eye. In the determination of acute toxicity, it was found out that intra-gastric administration of the tested strains did not cause signs of acute poisoning, death and diseases of laboratory animals. At the same time, during the 14-day of observation period, no changes in the clinical condition were detected in the animals. In long-term use of enterococci, for 28 days, no changes in the clinical condition of laboratory animals were detected, but observed an increase in body weight of the animals. In particular, on the 28th day of the experiment was noted an increase in body weight of the animals which were administered strains of E. durans SB6, E. faecium SB 12, E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20, respectively, on 7.7, 7.5, 7, 32 and 10.2 %, compared to the values of animals of the control group.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of primary malignant brain tumor, with a patien’s median survival rate ranging from 12 to 15 months. Over the last fifteen years, the treatment for GBM has included maximal safe surgical resection with combination radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. The low efficacy of mentioned therapies has forced researchers to explore an appropriate alternative or complementary treatment for GBM. It has been shown that curcumin has therapeutic potentials to fight against GBM via affecting on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion and angiogenesis pathways. In addition, curcumin possess a synergistic impact with chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we summarized the current findings on curcumin as potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM.

In recent years, there has been a problem of low reproductive capacity of cows in the farms of Rivne region. A retrospective analysis conducted by us in the region showed that 57.0% of dairy farms in the region have to be re-inseminated over several sexual cycles. In this case, 53.0% of cows are fertilized after 150–180 days after calving and give 3500–4000 kg of milk per year. The enterprises have a prolonged service period, which is 130–140 days. There is a shortage of calves, namely their output per 100 cows is 65,0–70,0. In addition, farms keep a large number of cows with poor feed conversion efficiency. An example is the situation in the farms of LLC SGP “them. Volovikova” of Goschansky District, FG “Mriya”, SE “Belokrynitske” of Rivne District, PSP “Ukraine” of Dubrovytskyi District, where 8765 cows that were bred from November to February 2016-18 were subjected to obstetric dispensation, namely: the service period was 148–154 days, and the yield of calves per 100 cows was 70.0–76.0. At the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination, the spread of obstetric pathology in cows during periods of dryness, calving and post-calving was analyzed. In the period of dryness, there were cases of subsidence to childbirth 5.2% (1.7–17.0%), udder edema 4.6% (2.4–13.8%, and subclinical mastitis 6.8%. Metabolic disorders include diseases such as ketosis 3.5% (0.8–12.0%) and fatty liver syndrome 5.7% (5.0–7.0) In the cows of FG “Mriya” the level of ketone bodies was at the level of 2.0 ± 0.04 mmol/l. In the course of the farm surveys, the pathological course of childbirth was recorded in 1431 cases, representing 16.3% of the total number of surveyed and 25.9% of feral animals. In addition, 534 cows (6.1%) experienced mechanical damage and trauma to the vulva and vagina mucosa. 426 cows (4.9%) noted further development of postpartum vulvо-vaginitis and erosion of the genital organs. In 1777 cows (20.2%) cases of postpartum paresis were recorded, of which the largest share was 27.8% in FG “Mriya”. In the cows of the farms studied, the most common form of mastitis was subclinical, which was found in 3.1% – 42.0% of cows. The clinical form accounted for 38.0% of diagnoses. In FG “Mriya” of the Rivne region, the subclinical form of mastitis was recorded most in cows post-otelny period – up to 40.0%, whereas in dry period – 11.0% of cases. PSP “Ukraine” practically did not diagnose the clinical form of mastitis. Prospective in the study of the etiology of metabolic and obstetric diseases will be the study of individual indicators of quality and safety of feed, clinical and laboratory studies of pathology of the reproductive system, which will become the basis for early diagnosis of these diseases.

The tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden demonstrate the decrease in the contents of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. Due to the activity of saturated fatty acids with the even and odd number of carbon atoms in chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families, the contents of anionic fatty acids, which are inaccessible for the bee body, decreases in the tissues of the head of honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. 3. Monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families in the tissues of the head of honey bees lead to increase of the total number of easily accessible non-esterified fatty acids for the honey bees which are kept in the areas with a medium and low level of technogenic burden in comparison with the tissues of the head of honey bees grown in areas with a high level of technogenic burden. Furthermore, the intensity of transformations of the non-esterified form of linolenic acid in its more long-chain and more unsaturated derivatives rises in the head tissues of the former. This fact indicates that the reduction of technogenic impact on the area results in the increase of the activity of desaturase in the tissues of the head of honey bees. 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Проведено визначення впливу солей полігексамеленгуанідину на емоційну й рухову активність щурів. Дослідження проводили за загальновизнаною методикою у тесті «відкритого поля». Результати експерименту вказують на вплив дослідного засобу на центральну нервову систему тварин IV дослідної групи покоління F1 та F2, що отримували засіб у концентрації 1,2 мг/кг маси тіла. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено зменшення рухової активності у щурів, що вказує на розвиток гальмування центральної нервової системи та виникнення емоційної реакції страху. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що застосування солей полігексаметиленгуанідину у ІІ дослідній групі не спричинило зміни емоційної та рухової активності тварин. При визначенні показників постнатального розвитку щуренят покоління F1 та F2 було встановлено, що поява шерстного покриву, час відкриття очей та відлипанням вушної раковини у тварин контрольної та ІІ дослідної групи появлялися одночасно, тоді як у ІІІ та ІV дослідних групах вони відбувалися пізніше, у порівнянні з тваринами контрольної групи.