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1. Simulation of edge localized mode heat pulse using drift-kinetic ions and Boltzmann electrons

Author

I. Joseph, M.A. Dorf, and M.R. Dorr

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

This article reports on 1D+2V heat pulse propagation studies using the COGENT guiding center kinetic code. The model uses magnetized kinetic ions and a simple Boltzmann electron model. Results agree with previous kinetic and fluid modeling benchmark studies that correspond to the parameters of edge localized modes (ELMs) observed on the JET tokamak. The plasma parameters for the edge pedestal and ensuing ELM dynamics are in the low collisionality regime. Hence, the dominant balance between the assumed Maxwellian ELM source and collisionless parallel advection causes the ion PDF to develop a significantly anisotropic velocity distribution. Adding nonlinear Coulomb ion-ion collisions to the model acts to smooth the sharp features of the ion distribution function, but the anisotropy remains robust due to the low collisionality. 2010 MSC: 00-01, 99-00, Kinetic theory, Vlasov equation, Magnetic fusion energy, Tokamak, Edge localized mode, more...

Published
2019
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2. Impact of ion temperature anisotropy on 2D edge-plasma transport

Author

M. Zhao, A.E. Jaervinen, I. Joseph, and T.D. Rognlien

Subjects
Scrape-off layer, Ion temperature anisotropy, UEDGE, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

A model of ion temperature anisotropy for 2D plasma transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks is described and implemented in the UEDGE fluid transport code. Two ion energy equations are used to describe the evolution of the separate parallel and perpendicular ion temperatures. The temperature anisotropy generates viscous forces in both parallel and perpendicular directions that modify the parallel force balance equation and add an additional cross-magnetic-field drift velocity. Using the full set of UEDGE plasma and neutral equations (particle continuity, momentum, and energy), simulations are performed for both a 1D poloidal case and a 2D (radial and poloidal) single-null tokamak geometry case to highlight the 2D effects. The results show that ion parallel flows near the magnetic X-point in a comparatively low collisionality regime can be overestimated by the standard isotropic Braginskii model. The 2D ion temperature anisotropy varies substantially near the X-point and also near the divertor target plates, due to ionization sources. Moving radially outwards at the outer midplane, the anisotropy decreases between the core boundary and the magnetic separatrix and then it increases while moving across the SOL to the chamber wall. more...

Published
2021
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3. Comparison of 2D simulations of detached divertor plasmas with divertor Thomson measurements in the DIII-D tokamak

Author

T.D. Rognlien, A.G. McLean, M.E. Fenstermacher, M. Groth, A.E. Jaervinen, I. Joseph, C.J. Lasnier, W. Meyer, A. Moser, G.D. Porter, and M.V. Umansky

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

A modeling study is reported using new 2D data from DIII-D tokamak divertor plasmas and improved 2D transport model that includes large cross-field drifts for the numerically difficult low anomalous transport regime associated with the H-mode. The data set, which spans a range of plasma densities for both forward and reverse toroidal magnetic field (Bt), is provided by divertor Thomson scattering (DTS). Measurements utilizing X-point sweeping give corresponding 2D profiles of electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) across both divertor legs for individual discharges. The simulations focus on the open magnetic field-line regions, though they also include a small region of closed field lines. The calculations show the same features of in/out divertor plasma asymmetries as measured in the experiment, with the normal Bt direction (ion ∇B drift toward the X-point) having higher ne and lower Te in the inner divertor leg than outer. Corresponding emission data for total radiated power shows a strong inner-divertor/outer-divertor asymmetry that is reproduced by the simulations. These 2D UEDGE transport simulations are enabled for steep-gradient H-mode conditions by newly implemented algorithms to control isolated grid-scale irregularities. Keywords: Divertor modeling, UEDGE, DIII-D, MSC: 00-01, 99-00 more...

Published
2017
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4. On coupling fluid plasma and kinetic neutral physics models

Author

I. Joseph, M.E. Rensink, D.P. Stotler, A.M. Dimits, L.L. LoDestro, G.D. Porter, T.D. Rognlien, B. Sjogreen, and M.V. Umansky

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The coupled fluid plasma and kinetic neutral physics equations are analyzed through theory and simulation of benchmark cases. It is shown that coupling methods that do not treat the coupling rates implicitly are restricted to short time steps for stability. Fast charge exchange, ionization and recombination coupling rates exist, even after constraining the solution by requiring that the neutrals are at equilibrium. For explicit coupling, the present implementation of Monte Carlo correlated sampling techniques does not allow for complete convergence in slab geometry. For the benchmark case, residuals decay with particle number and increase with grid size, indicating that they scale in a manner that is similar to the theoretical prediction for nonlinear bias error. Progress is reported on implementation of a fully implicit Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov coupling scheme. The present block Jacobi preconditioning method is still sensitive to time step and methods that better precondition the coupled system are under investigation. Keywords: Divertor modeling, Charge exchange, Ionization, Recombination, Implicit, Newton–Krylov, UEDGE, DEGAS2, EIRENE, SOLPS, MSC: 00-01, 99-00 more...

Published
2017
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5. Photolysis-driven bond activation by thorium and uranium tetraosmate polyhydride complexes

Author

Ye, Christopher Z, Del Rosal, Iker, Kelly, Sheridon N, Brackbill, I Joseph, Maron, Laurent, Camp, Clément, and Arnold, John

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Chemical sciences
Abstract

Transition metal multimetallic complexes have seen intense study due to their unique bonding and potential for cooperative reactivity, but actinide-transition metal (An-TM) species are far less understood. We have synthesized uranium- and thorium-osmium heterometallic polyhydride complexes in order to study An-Os bonding and investigate the reactivity of An-Os interactions. Computational studies suggest the presence of a significant bonding interaction between the actinide center and the four coordinated osmium centers supported by bridging hydrides. Upon photolysis, these complexes undergo intramolecular C-H activation with the formation of an Os-Os bond, while the thorium complex may activate an additional C-H bond of the benzene solvent, resulting in a μ-η1,η1 phenyl ligand across one Th-Os interaction. more...

Published
2024

6. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium–Lanthanide and –Actinide Complexes

Author

Ouellette, Erik T, Brackbill, I Joseph, Kynman, Amy E, Christodoulou, Stella, Maron, Laurent, Bergman, Robert G, and Arnold, John

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Other Chemical Sciences, Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Macromolecular and materials chemistry
Abstract

While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y). more...

Published
2024

9. EVALUATING CITRUS LIMON AND CARICA PAPAYA SEED EXTRACTS IN COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION FOR IMPROVED WATER QUALITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT PLANTS.

Author

B. E., PAUL, P. E., INYANG, A. A., IKONGSHUL, U. I., JOSEPH, E. E., EKERETTE, B. A., REAGAN, E. E., NDEM, O. O., HENDERSON, and O. E., VICTOR

Subjects
TOTAL suspended solids, SUSTAINABILITY, EMERGING contaminants, WATER purification, CHEMICAL oxygen demand, PAPAYA, ATRAZINE
Abstract

This study investigates the potential of Citrus limon (lemon) and Carica papaya (papaya) extracts as natural coagulants for improving water quality from the Great Kwa River in Calabar. Water samples from the river were treated with lemon peel extract (LPE) and papaya seed extract (PSE) to evaluate their effectiveness in coagulationflocculation processes. The research employs a comparative approach, treating water samples with LPE, PSE, boiling, and utilizing an untreated control group for comparison. Water samples were collected from the Great Kwa River and subjected to treatment, samples were divided into three treatment groups; control (o) no treatment, LPE (B) (1: 10 liters of water) and PES (C) (0.5%: 10 liters of water). Parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform bacteria (TCB), pH, lead (Pb), arsenic (As), glyphosate, atrazine, bisphenol, ibuprofen, and caffeine were measured during the treatment. Mean values for each parameter across treatment groups were compared using ANOVA to determine if there were significant differences between the groups. Treatment with LPE and PSE significantly reduced TCB, turbidity, COD, TSS, Pb, As, glyphosate, atrazine, bisphenol, ibuprofen, and caffeine compared to the control group. LPE treatment reduced TCB levels from 121.67 CFU/ml in the control group to 110.33 CFU/ml, while PSE treatment reduces to 117.67 CFU/ml. Similarly, LPE treatment reduces turbidity from 26.67 NTU to 18.75 NTU, while PSE treatment was reduced to 20.33 NTU. Mean values for COD, TSS, Pb, As, glyphosate, atrazine, bisphenol, ibuprofen, and caffeine also showed significant reductions following treatment with LPE and PSE compared to the control group. LPE and PSE demonstrated comparable efficacy to secondary boiling in improving water quality parameters. The optimal concentrations and conditions for each extract were identified, demonstrating their potential as eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional chemical coagulants. Lemon Peel Extract (LPE) was more effective than Papaya Seed Extract (PSE) in improving water quality, as it achieved greater reductions in microbial pollutants, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, heavy metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants by natural plant-based extracts for sustainable water treatment solutions in regions with limited access to advanced water purification technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024
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10. Strategy for Sustaining Cancer Education Services for Underserved Communities.

Author

Tat, John, Nguyen, Linh T, Hung, Shen-Yin Mandy, Ji, Joyce K, Mon, Divine, Y Chan, Yulissa, Tong, Eric K, Cheng, Aaron J, Shrestha, Pavan, Liu, Tiffany, Quan, Daniel, Tan, Briana X, Lai, Jiun-I Joseph, and Sadler, Georgia Robins more...

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Cancer, Prevention, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian, Breast Neoplasms, Community Health Services, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Mammography, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Students, Medical, Vulnerable Populations, Nursing
Abstract

Innovative strategies are needed to generate resources to replicate and sustain proven, community-based health promotion programs. Authors describe how civic-minded university students can conduct such programs while simultaneously gaining skills that make them competitive graduate school applicants. more...

Published
2017

15. Central Limit Theorem-based Stochastic Economic Evaluation (CLT-SEE) Model for Evaluating Oil Wells: Case Study from Niger Delta, Nigeria

Author

Djoï N. André, Nwosu I. Joseph, and Ikiensikimama S. Sunday

Abstract

Oil and natural gas production has been highly contributing to world economy and is some countries’ economy root. After the discovery of a new oil/gas field, the operator has to decide whether or not to develop that field. Such decisions rely on the economic evaluation of potential oil/gas fields development when they will be discovered and of the proven oil/gas reserves. The economic indicators used for that purpose are actually computed with deterministic and/or stochastic methods. Deterministic models show limitations while stochastic ones reduce the risks and doubts in the decision making. Stochastic models require the knowledge of the probability distribution of the model inputs, what is costeous in terms of software, data and conditions to be satisfied. Our study proposes a technique, called “Central Limit Theorem-based Stochastic Economic Evaluation (CLT-SEE) Model’’ that eases projects NPV probability distribution determination and the computation of P10, P50 and P90 of projects NPV, IRR and PI. A case study is carried out on a Nigerian’s Niger Delta onshore oil well. The results show the well NPV, IRR and PI are respectively MM$ 84.112, 24.5%, 1.169. The well project P10(NPV), P50(NPV) and P90(NPV) are respectively MM$ 96.4, MM$ 84.16 and MM$ 71.89; P10(IRR), P50(IRR) and P90(IRR) are respectively 27%, 24.75% and 22%; P10(PI), P50(PI) and P90(PI) are respectively 1.34, 1.17 and 1. These stochastic outputs show that the company has 90% of chance to earn at least MM$ 71.89 which is its investment and the likelihood that the project IRR be more than 22% is 0.9. As a result, the use of CLT-SEE model for oil wells economic evaluation offers much more chance and confidence to oil companies to decide righteously in field and well development projects. more...

Published
2023
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16. CP Violation in B Decays at the Tevatron

Author

Kroll, I. Joseph

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Between 1992 to 1996, the CDF and D0 detectors each collected data samples exceeding 100 pb^{-1} of p\bar{p} collisions at sqrt{s}=1.8 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. These data sets led to a large number of precision measurements of the properties of B hadrons including lifetimes, masses, neutral B meson flavor oscillations, and relative branching fractions, and to the discovery of the B_c meson. Perhaps the most exciting result was the first look at the CP violation parameter sin(2beta) using the world's largest sample of fully reconstructed B^0/bar{B}^0 -> J/psi K^0_S decays. A summary of this result is presented here. In the year 2000, the Tevatron will recommence p\bar{p} collisions with an over order of magnitude expected increase in integrated luminosity (1 fb^{-1} per year). The CDF and D0 detectors will have undergone substantial upgrades, particularly in the tracking detectors and the triggers. With these enhancements, the Tevatron B physics program will include precision measurements of sin(2beta) and B^0_s flavor oscillations, as well as studies of rare B decays that are sensitive to new physics. The studies of B^0_s mesons will be particularly interesting as this physics will be unique to the Tevatron during the first half of the next decade., Comment: 15 pages, 6 Figures, talk presented at Kaon'99, Chicago, IL, 23 June 1999 more...

Published
1999

18. Masses and Lifetimes of B Hadrons

Author

Kroll, I. Joseph

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The latest measurements of the masses and lifetimes of weakly decaying $B$~hadrons from experiments at $e^+e^-$ and $p\bar{p}$ colliders are presented. These measurements include the lifetimes of the $\bar{B}^0$, $\bar{B}^0_s$, $B^-$, and $b$~baryons, as well as searches for the $B_c$~meson. The observation of $B^*$, p-wave B~mesons ($B^{**}$), and excited $b$~baryons using inclusive and exclusive $B$~hadron reconstruction are discussed. Results on $b$~quark flavour tagging are given. The latest measurements of the masses and lifetimes of weakly decaying $B$~hadrons from experiments at $e^+e^-$ and $p\bar{p}$ colliders are presented. These measurements include the lifetimes of the $\bar{B}^0$, $\bar{B}^0_s$, $B^-$, and $b$~baryons, as well as searches for the $B_c$~meson. The observation of $B^*$, p-wave B~mesons ($B^{**}$), and excited $b$~baryons using inclusive and exclusive $B$~hadron reconstruction are discussed. Results on $b$~quark flavour tagging are given., Comment: 35 pages, 6 postscript figures more...

Published
1996

19. Screening of some sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) genotypes for yield and damage by Cylas puncticollis under rainfed conditions in Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

Author

Ulasi I. Joseph, Gamaliel I. Harry, and Nwune C. Uchenna

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to evaluate diversity among F1 population of sweet potato, namely: Sauti × 442162 (6), Ligri × Faara (17), Sauti × Bohye (17), including two checks (Umuspo 3 and TIS 87/0087). This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under rainfed condition. Data on fresh storage root yield were recorded at 120 days after planting. Analysis of variance, correlation and principal component analysis were utilized for data analysis. The study revealed that yield of fresh storage root showed significant differences (P< 0.05) among the sweet potato genotypes. Sauti X Bohye produced the highest storage root yield (19.33 t/ha) in 2015 and performed better than the national check TIS 87/0087 that recorded a storage root yield of 10.84 t/ha. The result from the study showed that out of the forty genotypes evaluated, twenty-six (26) genotypes recorded attack of C. puncticollis. The extent of the damge recorded among the genotypes attacked by C. puncticollis ranged from severe damage to little damage among the genotypes that recorded fresh storage root damage. SautiXBohye/11, SautiXBohye/13, SautiXBohye/17 recorded severe damage caused by C. puncticollis while LigriXFaara/15 recorded moderate damaged caused by C. puncticollis. Fifteen (15) genotypes did not record any infestation by Cylas puncticollis. All characters except unmarketable storage root weight at harvest exhibited positive and significant (P< 0.01) correlation with total roots weight (yield). Principal component analysis had three main principal components explaining 84.25% of the total variation with number of marketable roots, weight of marketable roots, storage root yield and Cylas incidence contributing the most to the first PCA. These genotypes could possess resistance genes to Cylas puncticollis and these genotypes could be incorporated in breeding programs for further trail. more...

Published
2022
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21. HEALTH INSURANCE STATUS AND QUALITY OF CARE: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INSURED AND UNINSURED DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA.

Author

O. E., Daramola, O. A., Agede, M. A., Jimoh, S., Ibrahim, A. I., Joseph, J. A., Ogunmodede, S. T., Engmann, and T. M., Akande

Subjects
TREATMENT of diabetes, CROSS-sectional method, MEDICAL quality control, MEDICAL care, HEALTH insurance, QUESTIONNAIRES, TERTIARY care, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH methodology, PATIENT satisfaction, DATA analysis software, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, COMPARATIVE studies, PATIENTS' attitudes, MEDICAL care costs
Abstract

Background: Patients' satisfaction is increasingly gaining global acceptance as one of the main tools for the assessment of the quality of healthcare delivery. Despite efforts to ensure equitable quality of care for all diabetic patients, a significant gap persists between the quality of care experienced by insured diabetic and uninsured diabetic patients. This study assessed patient satisfaction with services provided, and findings are useful in healthcare policy formulation and quality improvements. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done to evaluate satisfaction with the quality of care among insured diabetic patients and uninsured diabetic patients at Medical Outpatient clinics of UITH, Ilorin, Nigeria between 1st May to 31st July 2023. Data were collected from 144 patients selected by systematic random sampling; using pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires with each satisfaction area scored in a five-point Likert scale ordinal response. The questionnaire contained information on socio-demographic characteristics and accessed services. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The overall mean satisfaction of the uninsured group (68.3 ± 16.0) was slightly higher than that of the insured group (65.7 ± 15.2). This was not statistically significant with p value = 0.081. However, the uninsured group had better satisfaction scores in the domains of hospital environment (71.44 ± 16.1 vs 64.7 ± 19.7), quality of prescribed drugs (79.8 ± 16.6 vs 62.5 ± 7.3) and drug availability (76.0 ± 15.9 vs 59.8 ± 18.8), these were statistically significant with p values of 0.029, <0.001 & <0.001 respectively. On the other hand, the insured group had better satisfaction scores in the domains of drug cost and affordability (70.8 ± 14.2 vs 63.7 ± 16.2) and cost of service and care (74.4 ± vs 66.4 ± 14.4). The differences were statistically significant with p values of 0.006 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Significant differences were noted in specific areas of service assessed with the uninsured having higher satisfaction with hospital environment, availability and quality of drug, while the insured were more satisfied with the affordability of drug and cost of service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024

24. Feasibility study of a prototype extended‐wear insulin infusion set in adults with type 1 diabetes

Author

Jasmin R. Kastner, Nisha Venkatesh, Katie Brown, Douglas B. Muchmore, Elif Ekinci, Spiros Fourlanos, Jeffrey I Joseph, Miami Shafeeq, Leon Shi, Poul Strange, Paul J. Strasma, and David N. O'Neal

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Insulin Infusion Systems, Endocrinology, Hyperglycemia, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin
Abstract

To assess the feasibility of a prototype insulin infusion set (IIS) for extended wear in adults with type 1 diabetes.The prototype Capillary Biomedical investigational extended-wear IIS (CBX IIS) incorporates a soft, flexible, reinforced kink-resistant angled nylon-derivative cannula with one distal and three proximal ports to optimize insulin delivery. Twenty adult participants with type 1 diabetes established on insulin pump therapy used the CBX IIS for two 7-day test periods while wearing a Dexcom G5 continuous glucose monitor.Participants were able to wear the CBX IIS for an average of 6.6 ± 1.4 days. Eighty-eight percent (36 of 41) of sets were worn for 7 days. No serious adverse events were reported. Five infusion sets failed prematurely because of: unresolvable hyperglycaemia (three); hyperglycaemia with elevated ketones (one); or infection (one). Median time in range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) was 62% (54-76). Average glucose levels per day of infusion set wear showed a statistically significant increase over time (p .001).Our preliminary observations confirm the tolerability of the prototype CBX IIS for extended wear, albeit with a deterioration in glucose control after the third day. more...

Published
2022
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25. Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) as a Promising Technique of Communicative English Language Teaching

Author

Dr. A. Jahitha Begum, Dr. I. Joseph Milton Paulraj, and Dr. S. Hameedha Banu

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, General Engineering
Abstract

The present study discusses Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) in terms of enhancement of communication skills of the language learners. Communication skills are in high demand because multinational companies require a candidate with good communication skills. So, It is the need of hour for teaching fraternity to improve the communication skills of the language learners by identifying new strategies and techniques. NLP is now gaining momentum in enhancing the communication skills of the learners. NLP is defined as an art of communication and contributes positively in language learning. It is also an important and unavoidable part of the learning process to achieve the needs of the learner. NLP is found to help the students to develop their communication skills with confidence and viewed as contributing tool to the development of human communication and behaviour. Besides, it increases the communication skills of the employees, motivation, success. Many authors also cited that NLP offers the desired result. Hence the present article felt the need of analytical discussion on NLP in terms of the enhancement of communication of the language learners. more...

Published
2022
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26. Identification of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) as a target of curcumin

Author

Naoki Harada, Mai Okuyama, Yoshiaki Teraoka, Yumi Arahori, Yoh Shinmori, Hiroko Horiuchi, Paula B. Luis, Akil I. Joseph, Tomoya Kitakaze, Shigenobu Matsumura, Tohru Hira, Norio Yamamoto, Takashi Iuni, Naoki Goshima, Claus Schneider, Hiroshi Inui, and Ryoichi Yamaji more...

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Type 2 diabetes, TX341-641, TP368-456, Article, Food processing and manufacture, Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract

The identification of molecular targets of bioactive food components is important to understand the mechanistic aspect of their physiological functions. Here, we have developed a screening system that enables us to determine the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by food components and have identified GPR55 as a target for curcumin. Curcumin activated GPR55 and induced serum-response element- and serum-response factor-mediated transcription, which were inhibited by Rho kinase and GPR55 antagonists. Both the methoxy group and the heptadienone moiety of curcumin were required for GPR55 activation. The F1905.47 residue of GPR55 was important for the interaction with curcumin. The curcumin-induced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in GLUTag cells was inhibited by a GPR55 antagonist. These results indicate that expression screening is a useful system to identify GPCRs as targets of food components and strongly suggest that curcumin activates GPR55 as an agonist, which is involved in the physiological function of curcumin. more...

Published
2022

29. Quantum Computing for Fusion Energy Science Applications

Author

I. Joseph, Y. Shi, M. D. Porter, A. R. Castelli, V. I. Geyko, F. R. Graziani, S. B. Libby, and J. L. DuBois

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Quantum Physics, J.2, 68Q12, 81P68, F.2, FOS: Physical sciences, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Condensed Matter Physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Mathematical Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This is a review of recent research exploring and extending present-day quantum computing capabilities for fusion energy science applications. We begin with a brief tutorial on both ideal and open quantum dynamics, universal quantum computation, and quantum algorithms. Then, we explore the topic of using quantum computers to simulate both linear and nonlinear dynamics in greater detail. Because quantum computers can only efficiently perform linear operations on the quantum state, it is challenging to perform nonlinear operations that are generically required to describe the nonlinear differential equations of interest. In this work, we extend previous results on embedding nonlinear systems within linear systems by explicitly deriving the connection between the Koopman evolution operator, the Perron-Frobenius evolution operator, and the Koopman-von Neumann evolution (KvN) operator. We also explicitly derive the connection between the Koopman and Carleman approaches to embedding. Extension of the KvN framework to the complex-analytic setting relevant to Carleman embedding, and the proof that different choices of complex analytic reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces depend on the choice of Hilbert space metric are covered in the appendices. Finally, we conclude with a review of recent quantum hardware implementations of algorithms on present-day quantum hardware platforms that may one day be accelerated through Hamiltonian simulation. We discuss the simulation of toy models of wave-particle interactions through the simulation of quantum maps and of wave-wave interactions important in nonlinear plasma dynamics., 42 pages; 12 figures; invited paper at the 2021-2022 International Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference more...

Published
2022

30. PROGRESSIVE ACCELERATION OF INSULIN EXPOSURE OVER SEVEN DAYS OF INFUSION SET WEAR

Author

Jasmin Renée, Kastner, Timothy S, Bailey, Poul, Strange, Leon, Shi, Keith A, Oberg, Paul, Strasma, Jeffrey I, Joseph, and Douglas B, Muchmore

Abstract

Insulin exposure varies over 3 days of insulin infusion set (IIS) wear making day-to-day insulin dosing challenging for people with diabetes (PWD). Here we report pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) data extending these observations to 7 days of IIS wear. PWD (A1C ≤8.5%, C-peptide0.6 nmol/L, ≥6 months pump use) were enrolled in a crossover euglycemic clamp pilot study comparing conventional Teflon angled IISs to an investigational extended-wear IIS. PK/PD data from 6 participants was obtained for 5 hours post-bolus. While PD data were unstable, PK profiles of insulin lispro (0.15 U/kg bolus) show statistically significant, progressive decreases from Day 0 to 7 for tmax (p0.001), t50%(early) (p0.002), t50%(late) (p0.001), and Mean Residence Time (p0.001). AUC0-300 declined by approximately 22% from Day 0 to 7 (n.s.). These results confirm/extend previous observations showing progressive acceleration of insulin exposure over IIS wear time. This may have implications for PWD and designers of closed-loop algorithms, although larger studies are necessary to confirm this. more...

Published
2022

32. Patients’ perspectives on the benefits of feedback on patient-reported outcome measures in a web-based personalized decision report for hip and knee osteoarthritis

Author

Brocha Z. Stern, Sarah Pila, Layla I. Joseph, Nan E. Rothrock, and Patricia D. Franklin

Subjects
Male, Internet, Rheumatology, Humans, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Qualitative Research, Feedback
Abstract

Background Applications of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for individual patient management are expanding with the support of digital tools. Providing PROM-based information to patients can potentially improve care experiences and outcomes through informing and activating patients. This study explored patients’ perspectives on the benefits of receiving feedback on PROMs in the context of a web-based personalized decision report to guide care for their hip or knee osteoarthritis. Methods This qualitative descriptive interview study was nested in a pragmatic clinical trial of a personalized report, which includes descriptive PROM scores and predicted postoperative PROM scores. Patients completed a semi-structured interview within 6 weeks of an office visit with an orthopaedic surgeon. Only patients who reported receiving the report and reviewing it with the surgeon and/or a health educator were included. Data were iteratively analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive coding strategies. Results Twenty-five patients aged 49–82 years (60% female, 72% surgical treatment decision) participated and described three primary benefits of the PROM feedback within the report: 1. Gaining Information About My Health Status, including data teaching new information, confirming what was known, or providing a frame of reference; 2. Fostering Communication Between Patient and Surgeon, encompassing use of the data to set expectations, ask and answer questions, and facilitate shared understanding; and 3. Increasing My Confidence and Trust, relating to the treatment outcomes, treatment decision, and surgeon. Conclusions Patients identified actual and hypothetical benefits of receiving feedback on PROM scores in the context of a web-based decision report, including advantages for those who had already made a treatment decision before seeing the surgeon. Findings provide insight into patients’ perspectives on how digital PROM data can promote patient-centered care. Results should be considered in the context of the homogeneous sample and complex trial. While participants perceived value in this personalized report, questions remain regarding best practices in patient-facing data presentation and engagement. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03102580. Registered on 5 April 2017. more...

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2022
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33. High-performance energy storage of highly saturated ferromagnetic cobalt-doped cuprous oxide thin films

Author

A. Amaliroselin, I. Joseph Panneer Doss, R. Panneerselvam, Ganesan Sivakumar, K. P. Ganesan, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, N. Anandhan, and Smitha Prabhu

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Dopant, Scanning electron microscope, Doping, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Tin oxide, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, Cobalt
Abstract

Pure and other concentrations of cobalt (Co2+) ions incorporated into cuprous oxide Cu2−xCoxO (x = 0–14 mM) thin films were successfully deposited in fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by employing electro deposition technique. The crystallite size of pure and Co-doped thin films was investigated from 29.03 to 43.38 nm using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images display three-sided pyramid shape morphology of pure Cu2O thin films that get significantly changed, as and when Co concentrations get increased. The optical bandgap value gets continuously increased from 2.128 to 2.297 eV for a 0–14 mM change in Co doping concentration. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) pictures the film that exhibits a better ferromagnetic property with a saturation magnetism of 159.96 E−6 emu for 14 mM Co dopant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the presence of cobalt (Co2+) as a dopant in the host Cu2O thin films. The Cu2−86Co14O (x = 14 mM) thin film has a higher specific capacitance of 164.90 F/g with 3.66 Wh/kg energy density at the current density of 2 A/g. It has a good energy and a power density in the higher concentration Co-doped Cu2O thin films applicable for energy storage devices. more...

Published
2021
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34. σ or π? Bonding interactions in a series of rhenium metallotetrylenes

Author

Robert G. Bergman, John Arnold, Iskander Douair, I Joseph Brackbill, Erik T. Ouellette, Laurent Maron, Trevor D. Lohrey, Ambre Carpentier, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NSF [CHE-1465188, 1954612], NIH [S10OD024998], and Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] more...

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Reaction conditions, Crystallography, Materials science, chemistry, Salt metathesis reaction, chemistry.chemical_element, Single bond, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Rhenium, Multiple bonds
Abstract

International audience; Salt metathesis reactions between a low-valent rhenium(I) complex, Na[Re(eta(5)-Cp)(BDI)] (BDI = N,N'-bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-beta-diketiminate), and a series of amidinate-supported tetrylenes of the form ECI[PhC((NBu)-Bu-t)(2)]) (E = Si, Ge, Sn) led to rhenium metallotetrylenes Re(E[PhC((NBu)-Bu-t)(2)])(eta(5)-Cp)(BDI) (E = Si (1a), Ge (2), Sn (4)) with varying extents of Re-E multiple bonding. Whereas the rhenium-stannylene 4 adopts a sigma-metallotetrylene arrangement featuring a Re E single bond, the rhenium-silylene (1a) and -germylene (2) both engage in pi-interactions to form short Re-E multiple bonds. Temperature was found to play a crucial role in reactions between Na(Re(eta(5)-Cp)(BDI)] and SiCl[PhC((NBu)-Bu-t)(2)], as manipulation of reaction conditions led to isolation of an unusual rhenium-silane, (BDI)Re(mu-eta(5).eta(1)-C5H4)(SiH[PhC((NBu)-Bu-t)(2)]) (1b) and a dinitrogen bridged rhenium-silylene, (eta(5)-Cp)(BDI)Re(mu-N-2)Si(PhC((NBu)-Bu-t)(2)] (1c), in addition to la. Finally, the reaction of Na(Re(eta(5)-Cp)(BDI)] with GeCl2 center dot dioxane led to a rare mu(2)-tetrelido complex, mu(2)-Ge(Re(eta(5)-Cp)(BDI)](2) (3). Bonding interactions within these complexes are discussed through the lens of various spectroscopic, structural, and computational investigations. more...

Published
2021
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36. 781-P: Progressive Acceleration of Insulin Exposure over Seven Days of Infusion Set Wear

Author

TIMOTHY S. BAILEY, JASMIN R. KASTNER, POUL STRANGE, LEI SHI, KEITH A. OBERG, JEFFREY I. JOSEPH, PAUL J. STRASMA, and DOUGLAS B. MUCHMORE

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine
Abstract

Insulin exposure and action are known to differ on each of 3 days of infusion set wear during CSII. We extend these observations to 1 week in a pilot phase study comparing conventional Teflon angled infusion sets to a prototype extended wear set using Capillary Biomedical SteadiFlow™ technology. Participants with T1DM for >12 months, A1C Disclosure T.S.Bailey: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, CeQur SA, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Consultant; LifeScan, Sanofi, Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Abbott Diagnostics, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Livongo, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, REMD Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sanvita Medical, Senseonics, ViaCyte, Inc., vTv Therapeutics, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker's Bureau; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Medtronic, Sanofi. J.R.Kastner: Consultant; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. P.Strange: Other Relationship; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. L.Shi: None. K.A.Oberg: Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Companion Medical, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. J.I.Joseph: Advisory Panel; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. P.J.Strasma: Board Member; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Employee; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Capillary Biomedical, Inc. D.B.Muchmore: Consultant; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Diasome, Zucara Therapeutics, Stock/Shareholder; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Diasome. Funding National Institutes of Health (2R44DK110969-02) more...

Published
2022
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37. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author

M. E. Fenstermacher, J. Abbate, S. Abe, T. Abrams, M. Adams, B. Adamson, N. Aiba, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, E. Allen, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, T. Andrews, D. Appelt, R. Arbon, N. Ashikawa, A. Ashourvan, M. Aslin, Y. Asnis, M. Austin, D. Ayala, J. Bak, I. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, E. Bass, D. Battaglia, A. Battey, W. Baumgartner, L. Baylor, J. Beckers, M. Beidler, E. Belli, J. Berkery, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, M. Beurskens, R. Bielajew, S. Bilgili, B. Biswas, S. Blondel, J. Boedo, I. Bogatu, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, M. Bongard, X. Bonnin, P. Bonoli, M. Bonotto, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, N. Bosviel, S. Bouwmans, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, G. Brown, W. Brown, M. Burke, K. Burrell, K. Butler, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, G. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, P. Cano-Megias, N. Cao, L. Carayannopoulos, T. Carlstrom, W. Carrig, T. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, G. Cespedes Paz, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, M. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Choi, W. Choi, G. Choi, L. Chousal, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, J. Clark, M. Clement, S. Coda, A. Cole, C. Collins, W. Conlin, A. Cooper, J. Cordell, B. Coriton, T. Cote, J. Cothran, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, D. Cruz-Zabala, D. Cummings, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, B. Dannels, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, G. De Tommasi, P. De Vries, G. Degrandchamp, J. Degrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, S. Depasquale, E. Deshazer, A. Diallo, S. Diem, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, T. Do, J. Doane, G. Dong, D. Donovan, J. Drake, W. Drews, J. Drobny, X. Du, H. Du, V. Duarte, D. Dudt, C. Dunn, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, R. Ellis, W. Elwasif, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fasciana, D. Fedorov, E. Feibush, N. Ferraro, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, P. Fimognari, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, P. Fox, W. Fox, L. Frassinetti, H. Frerichs, H. Frye, Y. Fu, K. Gage, J. Galdon Quiroga, A. Gallo, Q. Gao, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, D. Geng, K. Gentle, D. Ghosh, L. Giacomelli, S. Gibson, E. Gilson, C. Giroud, F. Glass, A. Glasser, D. Glibert, P. Gohil, R. Gomez, S. Gomez, X. Gong, E. Gonzales, A. Goodman, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, T. Gray, D. Green, C. Greenfield, M. Greenwald, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. Grunloh, S. Gu, W. Guo, H. Guo, P. Gupta, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, T. Guzman, S. Haar, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, T. Hall, K. Hallatschek, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, H. Han, E. Hansen, C. Hansen, M. Hansink, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, G. Hao, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, E. Hassan, A. Hassanein, D. Hatch, R. Hawryluk, W. Hayashi, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, D. Hill, E. Hinson, C. Holcomb, L. Holland, C. Holland, E. Hollmann, J. Hollocombe, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, M. Honda, R. Hong, R. Hood, A. Horton, L. Horvath, M. Hosokawa, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, D. Hoyt, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, J. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Hughes, T. Human, D. Humphreys, P. Huynh, A. Hyatt, C. Ibanez, L. Ibarra, R. Icasas, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, O. Izacard, V. Izzo, A. Jackson, G. Jacobsen, A. Jaervinen, A. Jalalvand, J. Janhunen, S. Jardin, H. Jarleblad, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, E. Joffrin, A. Johansen, C. Johnson, T. Johnson, C. Jones, I. Joseph, D. Jubas, B. Junge, W. Kalb, R. Kalling, C. Kamath, J. Kang, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, S. Kasdorf, J. Kates-Harbeck, P. Kazantzidis, A. Kellman, D. Kellman, C. Kessel, K. Khumthong, E. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, W. Kimura, M. King, J. King, J. Kinsey, A. Kirk, B. Kiyan, A. Kleiner, V. Klevarova, R. Knapp, M. Knolker, W. Ko, T. Kobayashi, E. Koch, M. Kochan, B. Koel, M. Koepke, A. Kohn, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, D. Kriete, L. Kripner, S. Kubota, J. Kulchar, K. Kwon, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, H. Lan, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, A. Lasa Esquisabel, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, B. Leard, J. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lee, Y. Lee, C. Lee, S. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. Lesher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, X. Li, K. Li, E. Li, G. Li, L. Li, Z. Li, J. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, D. Lin, X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, D. Liu, A. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, L. Lodestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, B. Lombardo, J. Lore, Q. Luan, T. Luce, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, Z. Luo, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, M. Madruga, B. Madsen, C. Maggi, K. Maheshwari, A. Mail, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, M. Major, M. Makowski, R. Manchanda, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, T. Markovic, L. Marrelli, E. Martin, J. Mateja, G. Matsunaga, R. Maurizio, P. Mauzey, D. Mauzey, G. Mcardle, J. Mcclenaghan, K. Mccollam, C. Mcdevitt, K. Mckay, G. Mckee, A. Mclean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, C. Michoski, P. Milne, G. Minet, A. Misleh, Y. Mitrishkin, C. Moeller, K. Montes, M. Morales, S. Mordijck, D. Moreau, S. Morosohk, P. Morris, L. Morton, A. Moser, R. Moyer, C. Moynihan, T. Mrazkova, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, J. Munoz Burgos, C. Murphy, K. Murphy, C. Muscatello, C. Myers, A. Nagy, G. Nandipati, M. Navarro, F. Nave, G. Navratil, R. Nazikian, A. Neff, G. Neilson, T. Neiser, W. Neiswanger, D. Nelson, A. Nelson, F. Nespoli, R. Nguyen, L. Nguyen, X. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, S. Nogami, S. Noraky, N. Norausky, M. Nornberg, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, D. Ogas, T. Ogorman, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohtani, M. Okabayashi, M. Okamoto, L. Olavson, E. Olofsson, M. Omullane, R. Oneill, D. Orlov, W. Orvis, T. Osborne, D. Pace, G. Paganini Canal, A. Pajares Martinez, L. Palacios, C. Pan, Q. Pan, R. Pandit, M. Pandya, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, B. Patel, C. Pawley, C. Paz-Soldan, W. Peebles, S. Pelton, R. Perillo, C. Petty, Y. Peysson, D. Pierce, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, A. Pironti, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, U. Plank, M. Podesta, E. Poli, F. Poli, D. Ponce, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, G. Porter, C. Powers, S. Powers, R. Prater, Q. Pratt, I. Pusztai, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, T. Raines, R. Raman, J. Rauch, A. Raymond, C. Rea, M. Reich, A. Reiman, S. Reinhold, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, J. Ren, M. Rensink, J. Renteria, T. Rhodes, J. Rice, R. Roberts, J. Robinson, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, A. Rosenthal, S. Rosiello, J. Rost, J. Roveto, W. Rowan, R. Rozenblat, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, J. Ruiz Ruiz, R. Rupani, S. Saarelma, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, J. Saenz, S. Saib, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, K. Schaubel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, J. Schneider, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, J. Schwartz, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. Scoville, A. Seltzman, S. Seol, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, S. Sharapov, H. Shen, Z. Sheng, T. Shepard, S. Shi, Y. Shibata, G. Shin, D. Shiraki, R. Shousha, H. Si, P. Simmerling, G. Sinclair, J. Sinha, P. Sinha, G. Sips, T. Sizyuk, C. Skinner, A. Sladkomedova, T. Slendebroek, J. Slief, R. Smirnov, J. Smith, S. Smith, D. Smith, J. Snipes, G. Snoep, A. Snyder, P. Snyder, E. Solano, W. Solomon, J. Song, A. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, J. Spendlove, D. Spong, J. Squire, C. Srinivasan, W. Stacey, G. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P. Stangeby, R. Stefan, R. Stemprok, D. Stephan, J. Stillerman, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, W. Stonecipher, S. Storment, E. Strait, D. Su, L. Sugiyama, Y. Sun, P. Sun, Z. Sun, A. Sun, D. Sundstrom, C. Sung, J. Sungcoco, W. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, C. Swee, R. Sweeney, C. Sweetnam, G. Szepesi, M. Takechi, T. Tala, K. Tanaka, X. Tang, S. Tang, Y. Tao, R. Tao, D. Taussig, T. Taylor, K. Teixeira, K. Teo, A. Theodorsen, D. Thomas, K. Thome, A. Thorman, A. Thornton, A. Ti, M. Tillack, N. Timchenko, R. Tinguely, R. Tompkins, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. Trevisan, S. Tripathi, A. Trujillo Ochoa, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, M. Umansky, E. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. Vail, J. Valdez, W. Valkis, B. Van Compernolle, J. Van Galen, R. Van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, B. Victor, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, M. Wade, F. Waelbroeck, J. Wai, T. Wakatsuki, M. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, S. Ward, M. Watkins, J. Watkins, W. Wehner, Y. Wei, M. Weiland, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. White, R. White, S. Wiesen, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wolde, M. Wolff, K. Woller, A. Wolz, H. Wong, S. Woodruff, M. Wu, Y. Wu, S. Wukitch, G. Wurden, W. Xiao, R. Xie, Z. Xing, X. Xu, C. Xu, G. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yokoyama, R. Yoneda, M. Yoshida, K. You, T. Younkin, J. Yu, M. Yu, G. Yu, Q. Yuan, L. Zaidenberg, L. Zakharov, A. Zamengo, S. Zamperini, M. Zarnstorff, E. Zeger, K. Zeller, L. Zeng, M. Zerbini, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, R. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhao, B. Zhao, Y. Zheng, L. Zheng, B. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, M. Zsutty, M. Zuin, Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., 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R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, General Atomics, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Imperial College London, National Institute for Fusion Science, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Texas at Austin, ITER, College of William and Mary, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, West Virginia University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, National Research Council of Italy, Stony Brook University, Purdue University, University of Seville, University of Science and Technology of China, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for Plasma Research, Peking University, University of California Davis, University of California Irvine, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of Liverpool, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Milan - Bicocca, Georgia Institute of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics, University of Toronto, Auburn University, Polytechnic University of Turin, Universidade Lisboa, Association CCFE, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, San Diego State University, Durham University, Lehigh University, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Washington, Department of Applied Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Ghent University, Technical University of Denmark, CEA, University of Colorado Boulder, Harvard University, National Technical University of Athens, Coventry University, University of Stuttgart, Czech Academy of Sciences, Harvey Mudd College, Seoul National University, Donghua University, University of York, Dalian University of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, University of Strathclyde, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Southern California, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Virginia, University of Naples Federico II, University of Oxford, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut, DIFFER, CIEMAT, Hanyang University, Brigham Young University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Australian National University, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zhejiang University, The University of Tokyo, University of Michigan, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, DIII-D Team, Complex Ionized Media, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Control Systems Technology more...

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Technology and Engineering, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, TOKAMAKS, MITIGATION, law.invention, Plasma physics, mitigation, law, plasma physic, tokamak, Physics, Core-edge integration, Basis (linear algebra), plasma physics, core-edge integration, scenarios, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, SCENARIOS, fusion energy, Fusion energy
Abstract

Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IAEA, Vienna. DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation. more...

Published
2022
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39. Curcumin activates G protein-coupled receptor 97 (GPR97) in a manner different from glucocorticoid

Author

Naoki Harada, Yumi Arahori, Mai Okuyama, Paula B. Luis, Akil I. Joseph, Tomoya Kitakaze, Naoki Goshima, Claus Schneider, Hiroshi Inui, and Ryoichi Yamaji

Subjects
Curcumin, Molecular Structure, Biophysics, Beclomethasone, Cell Biology, Response Elements, Biochemistry, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Structure-Activity Relationship, Curcuma, HEK293 Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Mutation, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Luciferases, Molecular Biology, Glucocorticoids, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Curcumin is a yellow pigment in turmeric (Curcuma longa) with various physiological effects in the body. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds exert their function, identification of their molecular targets is crucial. In this study, we show that curcumin activates G protein-coupled receptor 97 (GPR97). Curcumin dose-dependently activated serum-response element-, but not serum-response factor-response element-, nuclear factor of activated T-cell-response element-, or cAMP-response element-, mediated transcription in cells overexpressed with GPR97. The structure-activity relationship indicated that (i) the double-bonds of the central 7-carbon chain were essential for activation; (ii) a methoxy group on the aromatic ring was required for maximal activity; (iii) the addition of glucuronic acid moiety or a methoxy group to the aromatic ring, but not the methylation of the aromatic p-hydroxy group, eliminated the activity; (iv) the stability of curcumin would be related to receptor activation. Both mutant GPR97(T250A) lacking the cleavage at GPCR proteolysis site and mutant GPR97(ΔN) lacking the N-terminal extracellular region were activated by curcumin and its related compounds similar to wild-type GPR97. In contrast, the synthetic glucocorticoid beclomethasone dipropionate and l-Phe activated wild-type GPR97 and GPR97(T250A), but not GPR97(ΔN). Moreover, curcumin exerted an additive effect on the activation of wild-type GPR97 with beclomethasone dipropionate, but not with l-Phe. Taken together, these results indicate that curcumin activates GPR97 coupled to Gi/Go subunit, and suggest that curcumin and glucocorticoid activate GPR97 in a different manner. more...

Published
2022

40. Impacts of on-board monitored data on estimated thermal characteristics of a dwelling

Author

A I Joseph Thaddeus, P I van den Brom, and L C M Itard

Subjects
General Medicine, General Chemistry
Abstract

After the thermal renovation of a dwelling, there exists a gap between the actual and predicted energy performance. One of the reasons contributing to this gap is the poor assumptions of building thermal characteristics during the prediction stage. Nowadays, smart meters for gas and electricity, and home automation systems are becoming increasingly prominent in dwellings. Hence, there is potential to use the on-board monitored data from these sources to estimate the thermal characteristics of the actual dwellings. If it was possible to measure everything in a dwelling, then the estimation of these characteristics would become easy. However, the amount of data from the dwellings is limited. Hence with the available data, assumptions have to be made to estimate characteristics reflective of the actual dwelling. Therefore, this study investigates the impact these assumptions have on the estimated characteristics. First, a simple equation requiring minimum data is formulated to represent the heat dynamics in a building. Then, the characteristics are determined for one Dutch dwelling for the following conditions: 1. Different measurement periods, 2. Different time granularities, 3. With total (space heating + domestic hot water) and decomposed (only space heating) gas consumption data, 4. With different representations of indoor air temperature, and 5. Using electricity data to account for internal heat gains. In general, the estimated characteristics deviated for all the conditions. And thus, this study establishes the importance of well-chosen on-board monitored data. more...

Published
2022

41. Comparison of the Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Pectoral versus Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Author

V Bhavani, Sangeeta Dhanger, Namrata Gupta, I Joseph Raajesh, and Saravanan Pandian

Subjects
Clinical Biochemistry, General Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Postmastectomy pain is more common following carcinoma breast surgery. Preventive analgesia for breast carcinoma includes administration of local infiltration or regional anaesthesia in the form of a paravertebral block, epidural, pectoral nerve block or intercostal block. Interfascial blocks, such as ultrasound guided pectoral nerve (PECS II) and Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block have been shown to provide effective analgesia for mastectomy surgeries. Aim: To compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of PECSII block and ESP block following mastectomy surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a doubleblinded randomised controlled study. Patients scheduled for an elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy surgery of age 18-70 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, were endrolled in the study. Sixty patients (ASA I-II) were divided into two groups. (30 in the PECS II group and 30 in the ESP group). The patients received respective blocks under ultrasound guidance after general anaesthesia. The primary outcome measured was the time of first request analgesia between groups. The secondary outcomes were postoperative Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at eight different time-points (0.5, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th 12th and 24th hour) and intraoperative fentanyl requirement and haemodynamics (heart rate and mean arterial pressure). Total postoperative intravenous paracetamol consumption and rescue analgesic requirement in the first 24 hours postoperatively were noted. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Pearson’s Chi-square test was performed to compare ratios, and categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test. A p-value value more...

Published
2022
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44. Experience of Conducting Sensitive Qualitative Research as a Cultural Outsider: Formulation of a Guide for Reflexivity

Author

Friday I. Joseph, Jane Earland, and Maryam A. Ahmed

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99, Education
Abstract

Studies conducted by outsider researchers, who do not share the participants’ culture, language or other traits, are often complex. The positionalities of participants are rarely considered in qualitative research literature but their influence defines how they engage with the researchers and their research. There is little within the literature specifically written for novice qualitative researchers working as an outsider. In this article, the experience of conducting research on breastfeeding in Nigeria with Hausa–Fulani Muslim women has been used to reflect upon the challenges of researching as an outsider. Drawing upon this work, a guide has been developed for researchers working with a group from a different cultural, ethnic or socioeconomic background to their own. The guide includes social identity mapping of both researcher and participants, a consideration of the sensitivity, vulnerability and cultural identity lenses through which the identity of the researcher, participants, and context intersect to influence the study, and reflexive questions. Considering these questions before conducting a study can help researchers to anticipate and proactively develop mitigation strategies to address common methodological and ethical dilemmas they may encounter. more...

Published
2021

45. Sequencing, polymorphism and phylogenetic characterisation of KiSS-1 gene in two Nigerian indigenous goat breeds

Author

W. Mathew, J. I. Joseph, B. M. Nchang, and B. I. Prekuna

Subjects
Genetics, Genetic distance, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetics, Polymorphism (computer science), Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Genetic variation, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Gene, DNA sequencing
Abstract

KiSS-1 gene encodes a protein product kisspeptin which are intense inducers of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in various mammalian species through its receptor GPR54 (G protein-coupled receptor-54). A total of 100 goat compromising of Red Sokoto (n = 72) and Sahel (n = 28) breeds were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intronic region of the KiSS-1 gene by sequencing and investigate their relationship with other goat breeds. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed five novel SNPs (g.1745G>A present in Red Sokoto, g.1776G>A, g.1827A>G, g.1857T>C and g.2208T>C present in Red Sokoto and Sahel breeds). To obtain a correct phylogenetic relationship between goat breeds, nucleotide sequences were compared to other sequences in NCBI database using a BLASTn algorithm and retrieved for further analysis. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic relationship tree constructed revealed two distinct clusters with ancestral lineage of 100% identity. Nigerian goat breeds (Red Sokoto and Sahel) clustered into a clade with Indian goat breeds (Ganjam and Osmanabadi) while the second cluster involved eight other goat breeds. Genetic distance estimate revealed high genetic similarity between Red Sokoto and Sahel breeds as observed in their genetic distance value of 0.003. The nucleotide sequences of the two Nigerian goat breeds (Red Sokoto and Sahel) for KiSS-1 gene were submitted to GenBank database and have accession numbers: MN122316 and MN122317, respectively. The analysis of polymorphism in KiSS-1 gene indicates that genetic variation exists in the goat breeds studied. Therefore, attempts can be made to investigate the association of these polymorphism with reproductive traits in Nigerian goat breeds. more...

Published
2020
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49. Finerenone and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Filippatos, G. Anker, S.D. Agarwal, R. Pitt, B. Ruilope, L.M. Rossing, P. Kolkhof, P. Schloemer, P. Tornus, I. Joseph, A. Bakris, G.L.

Abstract

Background: The FIDELIO-DKD trial (Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease) evaluated the effect of the nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes with optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade. Compared with placebo, finerenone reduced the composite kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. We report the effect of finerenone on individual cardiovascular outcomes and in patients with and without history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included patients with type 2 diabetes and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30 to 5000 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 to more...

Published
2021

50. Confidentiality

Author

David I. Joseph, Melissa M. Goldstein, and Joseph Onek

Subjects
education, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Ethics involves wrestling with difficult, conflicting courses of action. Medical ethics, and psychiatric ethics in particular, is especially challenging, given the need to negotiate a course of action with patients and family. Confidentiality, which is at the centre of psychiatric practice, and is essential if psychiatric treatment is to be successful, has been challenged and even somewhat eroded by legal developments and social change. Psychiatrists cannot promise absolute confidentiality to their patients. While it is tempting to look to ‘the law’ to determine when breaking confidentiality is the ethical decision, psychiatrists must decide whether acting in accordance with the law is the more ethical choice to make when grappling with a difficult clinical situation. The need for strict confidentiality also places constant demands on the psychiatrist to be mindful lest inadvertent lapses in vigilance results in the unethical sharing of patient information. This chapter explores ethical dilemmas in confidentiality in a range of clinical situations involving hospitals, clinics, and private outpatient settings. The unique ethical issues that arise in the treatment of children, adolescents, families, and groups are discussed in detail. The chapter also examines the ethical dilemmas that are often encountered in academic settings, speaking, and publishing. Considerable attention is devoted to the implications of the Tarasoff decision in California and to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, which has had a profound impact on the practice of psychiatry in the United States, as well as influencing the law in other countries. more...

Published
2021
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