1. Development, behaviour and sensory processing in Marshall-Smith syndrome and Malan syndrome: phenotype comparison in two related syndromes
- Author
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Inge B. Mathijssen, Claire G. Salter, J M van Hagen, Tara Montgomery, Manuela Priolo, T. E. Neumann, Charles Shaw-Smith, I. H. Acero, Raoul C.M. Hennekam, L. Pintomalli, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Christine Coubes, Maria Iascone, Leonie A. Menke, Nursel Elcioglu, M. Zollino, Ghayda M. Mirzaa, Shane McKee, Rajesh V. Thakker, S. Piening, I. Dapia, C. Mammì, Arveen Kamath, Jair Tenorio, Emilia K. Bijlsma, Pierre Sarda, W. W. Dunn, Denny Schanze, Paul A. Mulder, Pablo Lapunzina, Martin Zenker, A. van Haeringen, Laura Bernardini, Jan Liebelt, N. Di Donato, Dorothee Neubauer, Jill A. Fahrner, Alison Foster, Sally Ann Lynch, Sue Price, A. M. Landlust, Sally J. Davies, N. G. González, I. Huber, Rita Valdez, I. D. C. van Balkom, Maria Antonietta Pisanti, Saskia M. Maas, Sarah F. Smithson, Pedro Arias, Mohnish Suri, Mabel Segovia, Kreepa Kooblall, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Trevor Cole, A. S. Plomp, Ann Sophie Kaiser, Fowzan S. Alkuraya, Pediatric surgery, Human genetics, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Mulder, P. A., van Balkom, I. D. C., Landlust, A. M., Priolo, M., Menke, L. A., Acero, I. H., Alkuraya, F. S., Arias, P., Bernardini, L., Bijlsma, E. K., Cole, T., Coubes, C., Dapia, I., Davies, S., Di Donato, N., Elcioglu, N. H., Fahrner, J. A., Foster, A., Gonzalez, N. G., Huber, I., Iascone, M., Kaiser, A. -S., Kamath, A., Kooblall, K., Lapunzina, P., Liebelt, J., Lynch, S. A., Maas, S. M., Mammi, C., Mathijssen, I. B., McKee, S., Mirzaa, G. M., Montgomery, T., Neubauer, D., Neumann, T. E., Pintomalli, L., Pisanti, M. A., Plomp, A. S., Price, S., Salter, C., Santos-Simarro, F., Sarda, P., Schanze, D., Segovia, M., Shaw-Smith, C., Smithson, S., Suri, M., Tatton-Brown, K., Tenorio, J., Thakker, R. V., Valdez, R. M., Van Haeringen, A., Van Hagen, J. M., Zenker, M., Zollino, M., Dunn, W. W., Piening, S., Hennekam, R. C., Graduate School, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, and Human Genetics
- Subjects
cognition ,Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,Marshall–Smith syndrome ,medicine.medical_treatment ,CHILDREN ,Comorbidity ,Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA ,Craniofacial Abnormalities ,Quality of life ,Septo-Optic Dysplasia ,Intellectual disability ,Adaptation, Psychological ,sensory processing ,Child ,Netherlands ,biology ,Mental Disorders ,05 social sciences ,Rehabilitation ,Cognition ,SOTOS-LIKE ,Syndrome ,NFIX ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,Neurology ,adaptive behaviour ,Child, Preschool ,NFIX variants ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Adult ,Sensory processing ,Adolescent ,Challenging behaviour ,NFIXvariants ,Context (language use) ,AUTISTIC DISORDER ,Speech Disorders ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Intellectual Disability ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Malan syndrome ,Bone Diseases, Developmental ,ADULTS ,medicine.disease ,Marshall-Smith syndrome ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,biology.protein ,PATTERNS ,Neurology (clinical) ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ultrarare Marshall-Smith and Malan syndromes, caused by changes of the gene nuclear factor I X (NFIX), are characterised by intellectual disability (ID) and behavioural problems, although questions remain. Here, development and behaviour are studied and compared in a cross-sectional study, and results are presented with genetic findings. METHODS: Behavioural phenotypes are compared of eight individuals with Marshall-Smith syndrome (three male individuals) and seven with Malan syndrome (four male individuals). Long-term follow-up assessment of cognition and adaptive behaviour was possible in three individuals with Marshall-Smith syndrome. RESULTS: Marshall-Smith syndrome individuals have more severe ID, less adaptive behaviour, more impaired speech and less reciprocal interaction compared with individuals with Malan syndrome. Sensory processing difficulties occur in both syndromes. Follow-up measurement of cognition and adaptive behaviour in Marshall-Smith syndrome shows different individual learning curves over time. CONCLUSIONS: Results show significant between and within syndrome variability. Different NFIX variants underlie distinct clinical phenotypes leading to separate entities. Cognitive, adaptive and sensory impairments are common in both syndromes and increase the risk of challenging behaviour. This study highlights the value of considering behaviour within developmental and environmental context. To improve quality of life, adaptations to environment and treatment are suggested to create a better person-environment fit.
- Published
- 2019
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