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Comprehensive studies of tubing made of 36CrMn2Si and 38CrMn steels have shown that 38CrMn steel has better corrosion resistance compared to 36CrMn2Si steel. А reduction in steel silicon content leads to an increase in corrosion resistance. Increased contamination with complex nonmetallic inclusions of unfavorable composition has an unfavorable effect on corrosion resistance, as well as presence of chemical inhomogeneity in the form of banding.

The effect of silicate glassy inclusions, formed in the final stages of ladle treatment and during continuous casting, on the structural state of cast billets and the properties of rolled products made from them is conducted for low-carbon microalloyed structural steels. Nine melts of steels including three different types of chemical composition are studied. Liquid metal samples of four steel melts of the first type are taken from a casting ladle, tundish, and a continuous casting machine crystallizer. Samples from two or three melts of steels of two other types are taken from various sections along the cross-section of continuously cast billets (CCB). Light and scanning electron microscopy, and local X-ray spectral analysis are used to study characteristics of the metal macro- and microstructure, and presence of non-metallic inclusions (precipitates) within selected samples. Impact strength and hydrogen cracking (HC) resistance of rolled products made from CCB are studied. It is shown on the basis of the results obtained that formation of finely dispersed silicate glassy inclusions leads to a significant improvement in cast metal macro- and microstructure, and also the properties of rolled products made from it, primarily impact strength and HC resistance. The mechanisms, conditions, and production parameters of steel processing that control formation of inclusions based on the SiO2–Al2O3–MnO system are studied.

Redistribution of carbon and other elements, and formation of the structure, composition, and properties of low-carbon Nb, Nb–Ti, Nb–V, Nb–V–Mo and Ti–Mo microalloyed steels during hot rolling is studied using metal of five laboratory melts. It is established that by selecting the temperature for the beginning of rolling in the finishing group of stands according to steel composition (microalloying system) it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in the homogeneity of the composition, structure, and set of rolled product properties. Therefore, it is demonstrated by experiment that chemical and structural heterogeneity of metal formed in the billet casting stage may be largely eliminated during hot rolling on the basis of controlling carbide (carbonitride) precipitate formation.

The effect of the chemical composition and microstructural parameters on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels serving in oilfield pipelines is studied. The causes of lowering of the corrosion resistance of the steels are determined. Recommendations are given for raising this characteristic without lowering the strength of the steels.

The corrosion resistance of tubing pipes of four strength groups is evaluated: E, Λ, K and D by measuring the saturation current density of steel anodic dissolution. It is shown that tubing of increased strength (groups E and Λ) has lower corrosion resistance compared with pipes of strength groups D and K. The low corrosion resistance of tubing of strength groups E and Λ is associated with the formation of adverse structural components, in particular high-carbon martensite having a high dislocation density. Formation of this structure is due to the fast cooling rate of the pipes in sprayer equipment. In order to increase the corrosion resistance of tubing of strength groups E and Λ it is recommended that additional heat treatment consisting in particular of quenching and tempering is performed in order to relieve internal stresses within the steel.

Features of the formation of the structural state, phase precipitates, and properties for rolled product of complex V–Nb–Ti–Mo microalloyed lowcarbon steels of the ferritic class of six different compositions melted in the laboratory are studied. It is established that with low temperatures for strip winding on a coil formation of interphase and ferritic precipitates, making a considerable contribution to strength properties, is considerably limited. Steel cooling rate after rolling, equal to 20°C/sec, is insufficient for obtaining a structure of entirely block (acicular) ferrite (AF), which has better strength properties. A reduction in this leads to lowering of the AF fraction with an insignificant effect for temperature at the end of rolling. According to the results studying rolled products produced using higher values of Twi = 650°C and a cooling rate of 25°C/sec, the possibility of simultaneous formation of an AF structure and a system of nanoscale interphase and ferrite precipitates is demonstrated making it possible to increase steel strength and other service properties considerably.

The effect of composition, parameters of hot and cold rolling, and recrystallization annealing in continuous annealing units (CAU) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled and galvanized steel is studied for IF-steel rolled products from three laboratory melts. The possibility is established of changing the strength properties of cold-rolled and galvanized rolled products during annealing in a CAU, and treatment in a continuous hot galvanizing unit (CHGU) of IF-steels stabilized with Ti and Ti + Nb over a wide range, while obtaining good ductility properties. It is shown that in order to increase the level of steel strength properties it is advisable to obtain a ferrite grain size of 10–11 μm (preferably with a size of no more than No. 10 according to GOST 7639), C, P, Mn contents closer to the upper level, and S not more than 0.003%. Equally important is use of lower temperatures for the end of rolling at 860–890 °С and strip winding at 650–680 °С, increased degrees of deformation during hot rolling in the last stand of at least 12–15%, during cold rolling steel not less than 80%, low annealing temperatures of 740–780 °C and an increased strip speed of 120–160 m/min, and 1.0–1.4% elongation during tempering. It is shown for the first time that in order to resolve the extremely difficult problem of obtaining cold rolled and galvanized steel from IF-steels of strength class 180, it is necessary to use all or most of the methods indicated. For steels stabilized with titanium a significant excess of its concentration above the stoichiometric value is desirable.

The effect of heat treatment on corrosion resistance of low-alloy pipe steels is investigated in relation to oilfield pipeline operating conditions. It is established that after pipe bulk heat treatment at 720 °C metal corrosion resistance increases, but at a lower temperature of 680 °C no significant change is detected. Analysis of the corresponding structural changes is performed and the main factors facilitating an increase in corrosion resistance are determined: cementite component spheroidization in the areas of pearlite or degenerated pearlite, and a reduction in dislocation density. The role of nanoscale precipitate type on pipe corrosion resistance is noted. It is established that at a higher processing temperature there is a larger fraction of ferritic precipitates. In contrast to interphase precipitates these particles do not adversely affect steel corrosion resistance.

Laboratory simulation of recrystallization annealing in continuously operating units is performed for rolled IF-steels of nine different compositions of laboratory and industrial melting. It is established that by controlling parameters of low-temperature processing regimes in a CAU and CHGU, it is possible to improve ductility and formability of rolled IF-steels significantly. During annealing rolled products in a CHGU it is possible to reduce the intensity of aging processes and prevent a reduction in ductility and formability using a strip temperature at the exit of the accelerated cooling section (P6) of at least 540°C, as well as a strip temperature at the exit from the cooling section after the galvanizing bath (P10) of not more than 180°C. This is especially relevant for IF-steels with a low sulfur content, when the possibility of stabilizing carbon in the form of titanium carbosulfide is limited. During annealing in a CAU rolled products from fully stabilized IF steels are slightly sensitive to overageing temperature regime. With incomplete stabilization of carbon in IF-steels, due to a low titanium concentration, its removal from solid solution in the form of cementite precipitates and the improvement of ductility and formability of rolled products is possible when using an overageing regime of 420–330°С, and especially at 390–300°С. Removal of carbon from the solid solution may be prevented by a high phosphorus concentration (≈ 0.011 wt.%) in steel. In this case, complete stabilization of IF steel is necessary by increasing titanium and/or niobium concentration.

Using contemporary physicochemical approaches for predicting phase precipitate stability conditions for laboratory melted metal by optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, local X-ray spectral analysis, testing mechanical characteristics, and determining the content of interstitial elements in solid metal a detailed study is made of the structural state and properties of titanium stabilized IF steels of three compositions. Based on the results obtained, the main requirements for hot-rolled steels are formulated, and the principles and conditions for obtaining good ductility and formability indices are determined for cold-rolled product subjected to recrystallization annealing by a continuous hot-dip galvanizing unit (HDGU) regime.

The effect of microstructure characteristics and also production regimes on corrosion resistance of cold rolled high-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA) grades 340 and 420 is studied. It is shown that the corrosion resistance of cold rolled HSLA steels of strength class 340 (НС340LA) is determined both by aging processes, developing in overageing sections of continuous annealing units (CAU), and also formationm of a considerable amount of nanosize niobium carbonitride precipitates. For rolled product of strength class 420 (НС420LA) with a higher manganese and niobium content after annealing in a CAU average values of corrosion rate are slower than for rolled steel of lower strength classes. Probably, for this steel the aging process does not significantly affect the corrosion resistance. At the same time, an increase inannealing temperature to 750–762°C leads to an increase in corrosion resistance due to the coagulation of nanosize niobium carbonitride precipitates and a reduction in their amount (≈ 1500 to 600 precipitates/ μm2 or less).

An experimental study is conducted on the effect of production parameters on the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA) grade 260–300, treated in continuous annealing lines (CAL). It is been shown that corrosion resistance is mainly determined by development of ageing in overageing sections and during subsequent cooling. A reduction in strip movement and an increase of overageing temperature leads to more complete development of this process. A tendency towards ageing is also affected by hot rolling parameters, i.e., the end of rolling temperature in the roughing group of stands T6, correlating with an increase reheating temperature, and finishing rolling temperature Ter . The favorable effect of the T6 increase is probably connected with more complete dissolution of manganese sulfide during heating and formation of a larger number of submicron precipitates of manganese sulfide during rolling, which are a substrate for precipitation of aluminum nitride and cementite on their surface. With a reduction in finishing rolling temperature Ter , the end of aluminum nitride precipitation is more complete. These factors cause a reduction in nitrogen and carbon concentration ferrite and, consequently the tendency towards aging.

Optimum production regimes are established for steel extra-furnace treatment providing not only low contamination with non-metallic inclusions (NI), but also formation of NI with favorable morphology not having a deleterious effect on steel corrosion resistance. It is shown that this is achieved by controlled input of Al in steel alloying and deoxidation stages, limiting its content in steel, limiting the temperature for additionof aluminum and calcium in the final treatment stage, and also the duration of the flushing period. For steel micro- alloyed with titanium it is also possible to form another type of NI that does not adversely affect steel corrosion resistance. The oxide component of these NI with a high content of calcium and titanium acquires a rounded shape. Formation of such NI is achieved by the controlled addition of Al, Ti, and Ca in the concluding treatment stage.

Results of studying the effect of the chemical and phase composition of non-metallic inclusions on the corrosion resistance of carbon and low-alloy steels in neutral aqueous media characteristic of the operating conditions of oilfield pipelines are presented. It is shown that the corrosivity of complex nonmetallic inclusions present in modern steels depends on their chemical and phase composition, the optimization of which can prevent an unfavorable effect of these inclusions on steel corrosion resistance under oilfield pipeline operating conditions. A method for reducing the corrosivity of non-metallic inclusions based on aluminum-magnesium spinel is its oxide component modification with calcium and/or titanium, which contribute to its conversion into a globular form. An increase in corrosivity of complex non-metallic inclusions, the oxide component of which consists of various components, and correspondingly a large amount of corundum among oxide components, results in a reduction of steel corrosion resistance. An increase in the content of calcium and magnesium oxides leads to a reduction in the corrosivity of complex inclusions. In producing steels with increased corrosion resistance for oil field pipelines it is advisable to provide production methods aimed at preventing formation of adverse types of non-metallic inclusions.

Chromium stainless steels alloyed with nitrogen are studied by experiment. Electron microscopic study of excess phase precipitation makes it possible to identify the types of particles formed at different stages of processing and to assess the degree of their effect on properties. It is established that an increase in the strength of steel tempered at 400°C may be connected with formation during tempering of segregations of various atoms at dislocations with subsequent formation of particles coherent with the matrix, and subsequently losing coherence.

Results of the studying the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion activity of non-metallic inclusions in contemporary steels, and correspondingly on corrosion resistance of the steels themselves, as applied to the conditions of oil-field pipeline operation, are presented. It is shown that after heat treatment (quenching and tempering) steel contamination with nonmetallic inclusions detected by Oberhoffer reagent and affecting steel corrosion resistance decreases (some nonmetallic inclusions lose their corrosive activity), which ensures an increase in corrosion resistance of steel (obtaining lower values saturation current density when tested by an electrochemical method for assessing corrosion resistance).

The effect of chemical composition and microstructure parameters on corrosion resistance of carbon and low-alloy steels in neutral aqueous media, typical for oil-field pipeline operating conditions, is studied in order to develop requirements for the specified characteristics to improve steel equipment service life. It is shown that a large amount of interfacial nano-sized precipitates in steel, (even with sizes of 2–3 nm or less) mainly of vanadium carbide (carbonitride), and to a markedly lesser extent with niobium carbide, is present. A significant reduction in the corrosion resistance of steel due to the formation of such particles is observed with an increase in the vanadium content in steel more than 0.065–0.07%.

An improvement in resistance to overall and local corrosion in neutral aqueous media with hydrogen index pH 6–8 is important for numerous structures operating under atmospheric conditions, in sea water, for heating network pipelines, oil industry pipelines (oil pipelines and water conduits), and many other forms of structure and equipment. Under these conditions, corrosion proceeds by a classical electrochemical mechanism. Today, there is no single point of view for the optimum chemical composition and microstructure for steels for simultaneous provision of good corrosion resistance in aqueous media and satisfactory mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of chemical composition and microstructure parameters on corrosion resistance of carbon and low-alloy steels of strength classes K52–K60 in aqueous media is studied with the aim of developing specifications for these properties in order to increase the operating life of steel equipment, in particular oil industry pipelines.

Conditions are studied for preparation with temperature and deformation treatment of a good set of mechanical properties and high quality rolled product characteristics for low-carbon Ti–Nb–V- and Mo–Timicroalloyed high-strength steels, clad with austenitic class corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steels. It is established that an increase in uniformity of deformation for layers of a two-layer workpiece for steels of these types is facilitated by an increase in heating temperature and for the end of rolling to 1250 and 900°C, respectively. In order to provide good process ductility of corrosion-resistant austenitic steels in this temperature range, their chemical composition should satisfy a condition Crequ/Niequ not more than 1.5–1.6. On the basis of modeling results of hot rolling in a Gleeble 3500 unit and a laboratory duo 300 rolling mill, it is shown that with the use of a high temperature for workpiece heating and for the end of rolling it is possible to achieve good strength properties (ultimate strength more than 850 MPa) for lowcarbon Ti–Nb–V- and Mo–Ti-microalloyed steels. Test results for clad rolled product prepared from four two-layer workpieces with a different combination of steels in layers points to the achievement not only of high strength for low-carbon microalloyed steels of one layer, but also other mechanical properties, and also high quality layer joint properties.

Results are given for a study of the effect of hot rolling parameters on the mechanical properties of heat-treated cold-rolled product of two-phase ferritic-martensitic steel (TFMS) of grade HCT980X (EN10336:2007). Temperatures for the end of rolling and coiling are varied during hot rolling of a metal laboratory melt. Hot-rolled product obtained by different versions is heat treated by regimes modeling annealing in a continuous hot galvanizing unit (CHGU). Morphological features of structural components and excess phase precipitates in different treatment stages are studied. The effect of strip tension in a CGHU on a set of mechanical properties with a change in temperature is analyzed. Mechanical test results are used to determine the optimum heat treatment temperature range providing the required level of cold-rolled steel strength properties.

The effect of chemical composition and recrystallization annealing regimes in continuously operating units on the mechanical properties of cold-rolled product of type 08Yu steels is studied. It is established that with a sulfur content of 0.012–0.018% during hot rolling an optimum amount and size distribution of manganese sulfide particles is achieved providing the formation on them of cementite and aluminum nitride precipitates. Complex MnS-cementite particles formed in an equalization chamber of a continuously operating hot galvanizing unit facilitate an increase in formability as a result of a reduction in the degree of the difference in grain size of the microstructure and an increase in cementite distribution uniformity. Precipitation of AlN on MnS particles in the course of metal hot rolling and cooling provides more complete removal of nitrogen from solid solution, and consequently a reduction in steel tendency towards strain ageing. A significant reduction in the proportion of fine AlN particles increases the rate of cold worked metal recrystallization, and this leads to a reduction in fineness of the microstructure and a corresponding reduction in yield strength and an increase in relative elongation.

Results are given for studying the effect of hot rolling parameters on morphological features of the structure and precipitation in hot rolled products destined for further cold rolling and heat treatment in a continuous annealing line. Temperatures for the end of rolling and coiling are varied with hot rolling of a laboratory melt. Depending on the combination of temperatures for the end of rolling and coiling temperature, the amount of precipitates and their preferred location vary.

Ferritic steels with high aluminum content are studied experimentally. A feature of the hot-rolled condition of steels alloyed with more than 5% aluminum is formation of fine dislocation cellular substructure. It is shown that with an increase in aluminum content and decrease in final rolling temperature the cellular substructure becomes more pronounced, which leads to an improvement of rolled product strength properties.

Theoretical and experimental study is carried out to establish features of all types of excessive phase precipitation in low-carbon steels microalloyed with titanium and molybdenum. It is established that the main type of precipitates controlling grain boundary and precipitation hardening mechanisms is FCCcarbide based on TiC. The optimum thermal deformation treatment regime is established providing simultaneously effective grain refi nement of steel structure and the formation of a system of nanosize carbide precipitates that control strengthening by a precipitation hardening mechanism. On the basis of the results obtained, chemical composition and heat-treatment regime are proposed for producing low-carbon TiM–Mo microalloyed steels with a ferritic microstructure and set of mechanical (tensile strength more than 850 MPa) and other service properties.

Research results are used to confirm the compatibility of workable chromium martensitic steels alloyed with nitrogen for a cladding layer and low-alloy steels as the base layer in producing two-layer sheets by explosion welding. Satisfactory results are obtained in bend tests for bimetal steel samples that together with the results of metallographic analysis and ultrasonic testing confirm the workability of the martensitic steels developed and alloyed with nitrogen for preparing two-layer steels by explosion welding.

The nature of new types of nonmetallic inclusions (NI) facilitating improvement of a continuously-cast billet (CCB) and rolled product of high-strength low-alloy steels is studied. Contemporary approaches are considered for improving hot-rolled product. It is noted that apart from chemical composition and hot rolling regimes its properties are affected by CCB quality and the degree of different liquation processes. Results are analyzed for previous studies pointing to the fact that liquation inhomogeneity is suppressed in the case when in the concluding stage of steel treatment in a ladle and/or during crystallization there is formation of oxide NI of complex composition, presumably glassy. NI composition, and macro- and microstructure of CCB whose rolled product has a different level of mechanical properties and an axial zone with a different degree of structural inhomogeneity, are studied. It is shown that rolled product with a high level of properties and uniform structure of the axial zone is obtained from a CCB within whose structure there are compound NI of complex composition containing oxides of silicon, iron, and other elements, and also dendrite-like precipitates of carbonitrides (carbides).

Study of the influence of the chemical composition and parameters of the complex treatment technology on characteristics of the microstructure, phase precipitates, the solid solution state, and mechanical properties was carried out for hot-rolled and cold-rolled Ti-stabilized IF steels. Cold-rolled products were annealed according to the regime of continuous hot-dip galvanizing units. The following methods of investigation were used: light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties testing, thermodynamic analysis of phase stability conditions, and determination of the interstitial impurities content in a solid solution by internal friction. The possibility and conditions of a significant increase in ductility, formability of cold-rolled steels are established. They are obtained not by the traditional way consisting in reducing the content of interstitial elements and impurities, but by giving them a favorable form of existence. This is achieved by optimizing the chemical composition, first of all, the sulfur content, and parameters of thermo-deformation treatment of steel, which ensure complete carbon binding in Ti4C2S2 as a result of TiS transformation already at the hot-rolling stage. To reduce the yield and tensile strength, it is necessary to decrease the content of interstitial elements and to increase the temperature of recrystallization annealing of cold-rolled steel.

Features of structure and property formation are studied for cold-rolled product in two-phase ferriticmartensitic steels by modeling heat treatment in a continuous annealing unit (CAU) of six laboratory melts of different chemical composition intended for preparing steels of different strength classes according to EN10338:2013. Steel of some melts, apart from alloying with elements currently used extensively, are additionally alloyed with aluminum. Hot- and cold-rolling processing regimes simulate those used under production conditions. Results of modeling heat treatment in a CAU by different regimes show an increase in strength and a reduction in ductility properties with a reduction in overageing temperature. Rolled product of steel alloyed with aluminum has lower strength properties, ratio of yield to ultimate strengths, but better relative elongation values.

Features of microstructure formation for hot-rolled product of low-carbon steels microalloyed with titanium and molybdenum are studied. The possibility is demonstrated of achieving a high level of mechanical properties due to forming a volumetric system of nanosize complex (Ti, Mo)C carbide precipitates during cooling after hot rolling, including during cooling of a wound coil with γ → α transformation, and also as a result of forming a finely dispersed ferrite structure with increased dislocation density. Conformity of the temperature for the end of rolling and strip winding on a coil with a cooling regime in this temperature range, and also an increase in free titanium content in this steel, are desirable.

Chromium corrosion-resistant steels alloyed with nitrogen are studied by experiment. It is shown that depending on chemical composition and process parameters the structure of the chromium steels obtained may be martensitic with a minimum residual austenite content, martensitic with a greater content of residual austenite, or three-phase, consisting of martensite, residual austenite, and ferrite. The possibility is demonstrated of increasing steel martensite ductility by forming a specific amount of austenite within the steel structure.

Features of structure and property formation, processing aspects for preparation of cold-rolled, including hot-dip galvanized, product of two-phase ferritic-martensitic steels with the most typical alloying system (silicon, manganese, and chromium), and also additional alloying with molybdenum, are studied with heat treatment in continuous annealing units (CAU). Cold-rolled product of different thickness is heat treated (HT) in the intercritical temperature range established from results of dilatometric measurements. It is established that there is formation in the test steels of a ferritic-martensitic structure with some proportion of bainite and residual austenite in the form of an MA-component (region with a size of several microns consisting of martensite and residual austenite). With modeling of the HT regime typical for CAU steel alloyed with molybdenum has strength 100–150 MPa higher than steel of the typical alloy system, and this is connected with a higher proportion of strengthening phase within the structure.

Chemical composition, microstructure, contamination with nonmetallic inclusions, and corrosion resistance indices are studied for about twenty grades of steel. Dependences are determined for the effect of rolled product properties on pipe metal corrosion resistance indices. A concept of producing corrosion-resistant “SeverkorYuni” steels is developed for use in the housing and utilities sector.

Thermodynamic modeling is performed for regions of phase existence in economically alloyed corrosionresistant steels with the aim of determining the possibility of their use as a bimetal wear-resistant cladding layer. Quantitative evaluation is obtained for the form of nitrogen and oxygen present. It is demonstrated that for steels of the type in question introduction of niobium is only effective at the microalloying level.

Redistribution of components forming the structure and properties during hot rolling of microalloyed steels, similar in chemical composition to hardened steels during hot stamping, of an industrial melt containing carbon from 0.098 to 0.219%, is studied in detail. It is established that a key production parameter controlling the intensity of occurrence of these processes is the temperature at the start of rolling in the finishing group of stands, i.e., T6. An increase in T6 leads to significant enrichment with respect to carbon content, and a finer structure due to the formation of niobium carbonitride precipitates in surface layers compared with the rolled product axial zone. An increase in carbon content and a reduction in the concentration of niobium and other microalloying components within steel reduces the intensity of development of these processes. It has been shown by experiment that significant metal chemical and structural inhomogeneity forming in the continuous billet casting stage may be avoided or significantly reduced during hot rolling on the basis of controlling excess phase precipitation. This leads to a marked increase in the level of production and service properties of both hot-rolled product and metal objects prepared from it by hot stamping.

The nature of corrosion process development is studied by observing surface condition with potentiometric polarization. It is established that an increase in martensite content within steel structure increases the intensity of corrosion process development considerably. The high sensitivity of the corrosion test method developed to steel structural state (structural component content), and also prospects for using it instead of tests in accordance with GOST 9.911−89 are demonstrated.

The article is devoted to finding new production methods making it possible to prepare rolled product of carbon or low-alloy steels with a fine-grained structure, and this means greater strength with limitation or exclusion of expensive alloying with niobium. The possibility is considered of retarding recrystallization during hot rolling as a result of reprecipitation of manganese sulfide particles previously dissolved on heating for rolling. Laboratory tests are performed with the aim of determining the optimum heating temperature for rolling in order to implement the mechanism described.

Corrosion tests are performed on developed chromium corrosion-resistant steels alloyed with nitrogen. A set of tests shows that depending on chemical composition and production parameters the corrosion resistance indices for steels of one class may differ by an order of magnitude. Revelation of a dependence makes it possible to conclude that an increase within steel of nitrogen and molybdenum content combined with quenching and low-temperature tempering at 400°C makes it possible to prepare steel with good pitting corrosion resistance in aqueous media, particularly, under sea water conditions.

To meet the demands of the auto industry, facilitate import substitution, and improve the global competitiveness of Russian products, there is a pressing need for new high-quality economical steels with excellent stamping properties, strength, and corrosion resistance. Between 2001 and 2011, intensive research permitted the development of high-technology production processes for a new generation of automotive steels; these technologies have no counterparts around the world. A fundamentally new approach was adopted: the required structure and properties of the metal are obtained by regulating the deposition of nonmetallic excess phases, the state of the solid solution, the grain boundaries, and the types of impurities at all stages of production. On the basis of extensive research, including more than 1000 trial melts, production technologies for more than 30 grades of automotive steel that match—and in many respects outperform— their foreign counterparts have been introduced at OAO MMK and OAO Severstal’.