Search

Your search keyword '"I. D. Stewart"' showing total 16 results
Start Over Author "I. D. Stewart"
16 results on '"I. D. Stewart"'

1. A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science

Author

M. Demuzere, J. Kittner, A. Martilli, G. Mills, C. Moede, I. D. Stewart, J. van Vliet, and B. Bechtel

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

There is a scientific consensus on the need for spatially detailed information on urban landscapes at a global scale. These data can support a range of environmental services, since cities are places of intense resource consumption and waste generation and of concentrated infrastructure and human settlement exposed to multiple hazards of natural and anthropogenic origin. In the face of climate change, urban data are also required to explore future urbanization pathways and urban design strategies in order to lock in long-term resilience and sustainability, protecting cities from future decisions that could undermine their adaptability and mitigation role. To serve this purpose, we present a 100 m-resolution global map of local climate zones (LCZs), a universal urban typology that can distinguish urban areas on a holistic basis, accounting for the typical combination of micro-scale land covers and associated physical properties. The global LCZ map, composed of 10 built and 7 natural land cover types, is generated by feeding an unprecedented number of labelled training areas and earth observation images into lightweight random forest models. Its quality is assessed using a bootstrap cross-validation alongside a thematic benchmark for 150 selected functional urban areas using independent global and open-source data on surface cover, surface imperviousness, building height, and anthropogenic heat. As each LCZ type is associated with generic numerical descriptions of key urban canopy parameters that regulate atmospheric responses to urbanization, the availability of this globally consistent and climate-relevant urban description is an important prerequisite for supporting model development and creating evidence-based climate-sensitive urban planning policies. This dataset can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364594 (Demuzere et al., 2022a).

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Time Evolution of the Surface Urban Heat Island

Author

I. D. Stewart, E. S. Krayenhoff, J. A. Voogt, J. A. Lachapelle, M. A. Allen, and A. M. Broadbent

Subjects
urban heat island, diurnal temperature cycle, urban climate models, thermal remote sensing, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Atmospheric and surface urban heat islands (UHI) originate from common energetic processes, but the status of scientific knowledge on their time evolution is highly disparate. The diurnal cycles of atmospheric UHI are well known based on years of continuous measurements in cities; the cycles of surface UHI, however, cannot be measured continuously or in situ. In this article, we aim to reconcile these differences. We begin with a synthesis of previous work on the diurnal evolution of surface UHI, which leads to a novel but historically minded approach to the research problem. The approach involves a combination of microscale and mesoscale urban climate models, each of which is forced with universally described urban and rural surface parameters and atmospheric profiles. With these models, we produce theoretical time‐temperature curves for the surface UHI that are comparable to the classic curves of atmospheric UHI. This work prompts a critical look at the use of satellite thermal imagery to assess heat islands and heat risks in cities. To that end, we recommend new and more functional definitions of surface temperature. Conceptually, these represent “incomplete” temperatures defined by specific facets of the urban environment.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Callum Jackson, Iain D Stewart, Tatiana Plekhanova, Peter S Cunningham, Andrew L Hazel, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Raminder Aul, Charlotte E Bolton, Trudie Chalder, James D Chalmers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Annemarie B Docherty, Gavin Donaldson, Charlotte L Edwardson, Omer Elneima, Neil J Greening, Neil A Hanley, Victoria C Harris, Ewen M Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Luke S Howard, Caroline J Jolley, Mark G Jones, Olivia C Leavy, Keir E Lewis, Nazir I Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish J C McAuley, Melitta A McNarry, Brijesh V Patel, Karen Piper-Hanley, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Alex V Rowlands, Ruth M Saunders, Janet T Scott, Marco Sereno, Ajay M Shah, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Stefan C Stanel, Mathew Thorpe, Daniel G Wootton, Thomas Yates, R Gisli Jenkins, Sally J Singh, William D-C Man, Christopher E Brightling, Louise V Wain, Joanna C Porter, A A Roger Thompson, Alex Horsley, Philip L Molyneaux, Rachael A Evans, Samuel E Jones, Martin K Rutter, John F Blaikley, C Jackson, I D Stewart, T Plekhanova, P S Cunningham, A L Hazel, B Al-Sheklly, R Aul, C E Bolton, T Chalder, J D Chalmers, N Chaudhuri, A B Docherty, G Donaldson, C L Edwardson, O Elneima, N J Greening, N A Hanley, V C Harris, E M Harrison, L-P Ho, L Houchen-Wolloff, L S Howard, C J Jolley, M G Jones, O C Leavy, K E Lewis, N I Lone, M Marks, H J C McAuley, M A McNarry, B Patel, K Piper-Hanley, K Poinasamy, B Raman, M Richardson, P Rivera-Ortega, S L Rowland-Jones, A V Rowlands, R M Saunders, J T Scott, M Sereno, A M Shah, A Shikotra, A Singapuri, S C Stanel, M Thorpe, D G Wootton, T Yates, G Jenkins, S J Singh, W D-C Man, C E Brightling, L V Wain, J C Porter, R Thompson, A Horsley, P L Molyneaux, R A Evans, S E Jones, M K Rutter, J F Blaikley, K Abel, H Adamali, D Adeloye, O Adeyemi, R Adrego, L A Aguilar Jimenez, S Ahmad, N Ahmad Haider, R Ahmed, N Ahwireng, M Ainsworth, A Alamoudi, M Ali, M Aljaroof, AM All, L Allan, R J Allen, L Allerton, L Allsop, P Almeida, D Altmann, M Alvarez Corral, S Amoils, D Anderson, C Antoniades, G Arbane, A Arias, C Armour, L Armstrong, N Armstrong, D Arnold, H Arnold, A Ashish, A Ashworth, M Ashworth, S Aslani, H Assefa-Kebede, C Atkin, P Atkin, H Aung, L Austin, C Avram, A Ayoub, M Babores, R Baggott, J Bagshaw, D Baguley, L Bailey, J K Baillie, S Bain, M Bakali, M Bakau, E Baldry, D Baldwin, M Baldwin, C Ballard, A Banerjee, B Bang, R E Barker, L Barman, S Barratt, F Barrett, D Basire, N Basu, M Bates, A Bates, R Batterham, H Baxendale, H Bayes, M Beadsworth, P Beckett, M Beggs, M Begum, P Beirne, D Bell, R Bell, K Bennett, E Beranova, A Bermperi, A Berridge, C Berry, S Betts, E Bevan, K Bhui, M Bingham, K Birchall, L Bishop, K Bisnauthsing, J Blaikely, A Bloss, A Bolger, J Bonnington, A Botkai, C Bourne, M Bourne, K Bramham, L Brear, G Breen, J Breeze, A Briggs, E Bright, S Brill, K Brindle, L Broad, A Broadley, C Brookes, M Broome, A Brown, J Brown, J S Brown, M Brown, V Brown, T Brugha, N Brunskill, M Buch, P Buckley, A Bularga, E Bullmore, L Burden, T Burdett, D Burn, G Burns, A Burns, J Busby, R Butcher, A Butt, S Byrne, P Cairns, P C Calder, E Calvelo, H Carborn, B Card, C Carr, L Carr, G Carson, P Carter, A Casey, M Cassar, J Cavanagh, M Chablani, R C Chambers, F Chan, K M Channon, K Chapman, A Charalambou, A Checkley, J Chen, Y Cheng, L Chetham, C Childs, E R Chilvers, H Chinoy, A Chiribiri, K Chong-James, G Choudhury, N Choudhury, P Chowienczyk, C Christie, M Chrystal, D Clark, C Clark, J Clarke, S Clohisey, G Coakley, Z Coburn, S Coetzee, J Cole, C Coleman, F Conneh, D Connell, B Connolly, L Connor, A Cook, B Cooper, J Cooper, S Cooper, D Copeland, T Cosier, M Coulding, C Coupland, E Cox, T Craig, P Crisp, D Cristiano, M G Crooks, A Cross, I Cruz, P Cullinan, D Cuthbertson, L Daines, M Dalton, P Daly, A Daniels, P Dark, J Dasgin, A David, C David, E Davies, F Davies, G Davies, G A Davies, K Davies, M J Davies, J Dawson, E Daynes, A De Soyza, B Deakin, A Deans, C Deas, J Deery, S Defres, A Dell, K Dempsey, E Denneny, J Dennis, A Dewar, R Dharmagunawardena, N Diar-Bakerly, C Dickens, A Dipper, S Diver, S N Diwanji, M Dixon, R Djukanovic, H Dobson, S L Dobson, A Donaldson, T Dong, N Dormand, A Dougherty, R Dowling, S Drain, K Draxlbauer, K Drury, P Dulawan, A Dunleavy, S Dunn, C Dupont, J Earley, N Easom, C Echevarria, S Edwards, C Edwardson, H El-Taweel, A Elliott, K Elliott, Y Ellis, A Elmer, D Evans, H Evans, J Evans, R Evans, R I Evans, T Evans, C Evenden, L Evison, L Fabbri, S Fairbairn, A Fairman, K Fallon, D Faluyi, C Favager, T Fayzan, J Featherstone, T Felton, J Finch, S Finney, J Finnigan, L Finnigan, H Fisher, S Fletcher, R Flockton, M Flynn, H Foot, D Foote, A Ford, D Forton, E Fraile, C Francis, R Francis, S Francis, A Frankel, E Fraser, R Free, N French, X Fu, J Fuld, J Furniss, L Garner, N Gautam, J R Geddes, J George, P M George, M Gibbons, M Gill, L Gilmour, F Gleeson, J Glossop, S Glover, N Goodman, C Goodwin, B Gooptu, H Gordon, T Gorsuch, M Greatorex, P L Greenhaff, W Greenhalf, A Greenhalgh, J Greenwood, H Gregory, R Gregory, D Grieve, D Griffin, L Griffiths, A-M Guerdette, B Guillen Guio, M Gummadi, A Gupta, S Gurram, E Guthrie, Z Guy, H Henson, K Hadley, A Haggar, K Hainey, B Hairsine, P Haldar, I Hall, L Hall, M Halling-Brown, R Hamil, A Hancock, K Hancock, S Haq, H E Hardwick, E Hardy, T Hardy, B Hargadon, K Harrington, E Harris, P Harrison, N Hart, A Harvey, M Harvey, M Harvie, L Haslam, M Havinden-Williams, J Hawkes, N Hawkings, J Haworth, A Hayday, M Haynes, J Hazeldine, T Hazelton, L G Heaney, C Heeley, J L Heeney, M Heightman, S Heller, M Henderson, L Hesselden, M Hewitt, V Highett, T Hillman, T Hiwot, A Hoare, M Hoare, J Hockridge, P Hogarth, A Holbourn, S Holden, L Holdsworth, D Holgate, M Holland, L Holloway, K Holmes, M Holmes, B Holroyd-Hind, L Holt, A Hormis, A Hosseini, M Hotopf, K Howard, A Howell, E Hufton, A D Hughes, J Hughes, R Hughes, A Humphries, N Huneke, E Hurditch, J Hurst, M Husain, T Hussell, J Hutchinson, W Ibrahim, F Ilyas, J Ingham, L Ingram, D Ionita, K Isaacs, K Ismail, T Jackson, J Jacob, W Y James, W Jang, C Jarman, I Jarrold, H Jarvis, R Jastrub, B Jayaraman, R G Jenkins, P Jezzard, K Jiwa, C Johnson, S Johnson, D Johnston, D Jones, G Jones, H Jones, I Jones, L Jones, S Jones, S Jose, T Kabir, G Kaltsakas, V Kamwa, N Kanellakis, S Kaprowska, Z Kausar, N Keenan, S Kelly, G Kemp, S Kerr, H Kerslake, A L Key, F Khan, K Khunti, S Kilroy, B King, C King, L Kingham, J Kirk, P Kitterick, P Klenerman, L Knibbs, S Knight, A Knighton, O Kon, S Kon, S S Kon, S Koprowska, A Korszun, I Koychev, C Kurasz, P Kurupati, C Laing, H Lamlum, G Landers, C Langenberg, D Lasserson, L Lavelle-Langham, A Lawrie, C Lawson, A Layton, A Lea, D Lee, J-H Lee, E Lee, K Leitch, R Lenagh, D Lewis, J Lewis, V Lewis, N Lewis-Burke, X Li, T Light, L Lightstone, W Lilaonitkul, L Lim, S Linford, A Lingford-Hughes, M Lipman, K Liyanage, A Lloyd, S Logan, D Lomas, R Loosley, J M Lord, H Lota, W Lovegrove, A Lucey, E Lukaschuk, A Lye, C Lynch, S MacDonald, G MacGowan, I Macharia, J Mackie, L Macliver, S Madathil, G Madzamba, N Magee, M M Magtoto, N Mairs, N Majeed, E Major, F Malein, M Malim, G Mallison, S Mandal, K Mangion, C Manisty, R Manley, K March, S Marciniak, P Marino, M Mariveles, E Marouzet, S Marsh, B Marshall, M Marshall, J Martin, A Martineau, L M Martinez, N Maskell, D Matila, W Matimba-Mupaya, L Matthews, A Mbuyisa, S McAdoo, H McAllister-Williams, A McArdle, P McArdle, D McAulay, G P McCann, J McCormick, W McCormick, P McCourt, L McGarvey, C McGhee, K Mcgee, J McGinness, K McGlynn, A McGovern, H McGuinness, I B McInnes, J McIntosh, E McIvor, K McIvor, L McLeavey, A McMahon, M J McMahon, L McMorrow, T Mcnally, M McNarry, J McNeill, A McQueen, H McShane, C Mears, C Megson, S Megson, P Mehta, J Meiring, L Melling, M Mencias, D Menzies, M Merida Morillas, A Michael, C Miller, L Milligan, C Mills, G Mills, N L Mills, L Milner, S Misra, J Mitchell, A Mohamed, N Mohamed, S Mohammed, W Monteiro, S Moriera, A Morley, L Morrison, R Morriss, A Morrow, A J Moss, P Moss, K Motohashi, N Msimanga, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, U Munawar, J Murira, U Nanda, H Nassa, M Nasseri, A Neal, R Needham, P Neill, S Neubauer, D E Newby, H Newell, T Newman, J Newman, A Newton-Cox, T Nicholson, D Nicoll, A Nikolaidis, C M Nolan, M J Noonan, C Norman, P Novotny, J Nunag, L Nwafor, U Nwanguma, J Nyaboko, C O'Brien, K O'Donnell, D O'Regan, L O'Brien, N Odell, G Ogg, O Olaosebikan, C Oliver, Z Omar, P J M Openshaw, L Orriss-Dib, L Osborne, R Osbourne, M Ostermann, C Overton, J Owen, J Oxton, J Pack, E Pacpaco, S Paddick, S Painter, A Pakzad, S Palmer, P Papineni, K Paques, K Paradowski, M Pareek, D Parekh, H Parfrey, C Pariante, S Parker, M Parkes, J Parmar, S Patale, M Patel, S Patel, D Pattenadk, M Pavlides, S Payne, L Pearce, J E Pearl, D Peckham, J Pendlebury, Y Peng, C Pennington, I Peralta, E Perkins, Z Peterkin, T Peto, N Petousi, J Petrie, P Pfeffer, J Phipps, J Pimm, R Pius, H Plant, S Plein, M Plowright, O Polgar, L Poll, J Porter, S Portukhay, N Powell, A Prabhu, J Pratt, A Price, C Price, D Price, L Price, A Prickett, J Propescu, S Prosper, S Pugmire, S Quaid, J Quigley, J Quint, H Qureshi, I N Qureshi, K Radhakrishnan, N M Rahman, M Ralser, A Ramos, H Ramos, J Rangeley, B Rangelov, L Ratcliffe, P Ravencroft, A Reddington, R Reddy, A Reddy, H Redfearn, D Redwood, A Reed, M Rees, T Rees, K Regan, W Reynolds, C Ribeiro, A Richards, E Richardson, K Roberts, E Robertson, E Robinson, L Robinson, L Roche, C Roddis, J Rodger, A Ross, G Ross, J Rossdale, A Rostron, A Rowe, A Rowland, J Rowland, M J Rowland, K Roy, M Roy, I Rudan, R Russell, E Russell, G Saalmink, R Sabit, E K Sage, T Samakomva, N Samani, C Sampson, K Samuel, R Samuel, A Sanderson, E Sapey, D Saralaya, J Sargent, C Sarginson, T Sass, N Sattar, K Saunders, P Saunders, L C Saunders, H Savill, W Saxon, A Sayer, J Schronce, W Schwaeble, K Scott, N Selby, M G Semple, T A Sewell, K Shah, P Shah, M Shankar-Hari, M Sharma, C Sharpe, M Sharpe, S Shashaa, A Shaw, K Shaw, V Shaw, A Sheikh, S Shelton, L Shenton, K Shevket, J Short, S Siddique, S Siddiqui, J Sidebottom, L Sigfrid, G Simons, J Simpson, N Simpson, C Singh, D Sissons, J Skeemer, K Slack, A Smith, D Smith, S Smith, J Smith, L Smith, M Soares, T S Solano, R Solly, A R Solstice, T Soulsby, D Southern, D Sowter, M Spears, L G Spencer, F Speranza, L Stadon, S Stanel, N Steele, M Steiner, D Stensel, G Stephens, L Stephenson, M Stern, R Stimpson, S Stockdale, J Stockley, W Stoker, R Stone, W Storrar, A Storrie, K Storton, E Stringer, S Strong-Sheldrake, N Stroud, C Subbe, C L Sudlow, Z Suleiman, C Summers, C Summersgill, D Sutherland, D L Sykes, R Sykes, N Talbot, A L Tan, L Tarusan, V Tavoukjian, A Taylor, C Taylor, J Taylor, A Te, H Tedd, C J Tee, J Teixeira, H Tench, S Terry, S Thackray-Nocera, F Thaivalappil, B Thamu, D Thickett, C Thomas, D C Thomas, S Thomas, A K Thomas, T Thomas-Woods, T Thompson, A A R Thompson, T Thornton, R S Thwaites, J Tilley, N Tinker, G F Tiongson, M Tobin, J Tomlinson, C Tong, M Toshner, R Touyz, K A Tripp, E Tunnicliffe, A Turnbull, E Turner, S Turner, V Turner, K Turner, S Turney, L Turtle, H Turton, J Ugoji, R Ugwuoke, R Upthegrove, J Valabhji, M Ventura, J Vere, C Vickers, B Vinson, E Wade, P Wade, T Wainwright, L O Wajero, S Walder, S Walker, E Wall, T Wallis, S Walmsley, J A Walsh, S Walsh, L Warburton, T J C Ward, K Warwick, H Wassall, S Waterson, E Watson, L Watson, J Watson, J Weir McCall, C Welch, H Welch, B Welsh, S Wessely, S West, H Weston, H Wheeler, S White, V Whitehead, J Whitney, S Whittaker, B Whittam, V Whitworth, A Wight, J M Wild, M Wilkins, D Wilkinson, B Williams, N Williams, J Williams, S A Williams-Howard, M Willicombe, G Willis, J Willoughby, A Wilson, D Wilson, I Wilson, N Window, M Witham, R Wolf-Roberts, C Wood, F Woodhead, J Woods, J Wormleighton, J Worsley, D Wraith, C Wrey Brown, C Wright, L Wright, S Wright, J Wyles, I Wynter, M Xu, N Yasmin, S Yasmin, K P Yip, B Young, S Young, A Young, A J Yousuf, A Zawia, L Zeidan, B Zhao, B Zheng, O Zongo, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, and Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Abstract

Data sharing: The PHOSP-COVID study protocol, consent form, definition, and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online. UK Biobank information can be released once necessary approvals have been obtained. Other data (eg, the R code and protocol) will be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: Sleep disturbance is common following hospital admission both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations of this for recovery after hospital admission are poorly understood despite sleep disturbance contributing to morbidity in other scenarios. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbance after discharge following hospital admission for COVID-19 and to assess whether this was associated with dyspnoea. Methods: CircCOVID was a prospective multicentre cohort substudy designed to investigate the effects of circadian disruption and sleep disturbance on recovery after COVID-19 in a cohort of participants aged 18 years or older, admitted to hospital for COVID-19 in the UK, and discharged between March, 2020, and October, 2021. Participants were recruited from the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID). Follow-up data were collected at two timepoints: an early time point 2–7 months after hospital discharge and a later time point 10–14 months after hospital discharge. Sleep quality was assessed subjectively using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and a numerical rating scale. Sleep quality was also assessed with an accelerometer worn on the wrist (actigraphy) for 14 days. Participants were also clinically phenotyped, including assessment of symptoms (ie, anxiety [Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale questionnaire], muscle function [SARC-F questionnaire], dyspnoea [Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire] and measurement of lung function), at the early timepoint after discharge. Actigraphy results were also compared to a matched UK Biobank cohort (non-hospitalised individuals and recently hospitalised individuals). Multivariable linear regression was used to define associations of sleep disturbance with the primary outcome of breathlessness and the other clinical symptoms. PHOSP-COVID is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107). Findings: 2320 of 2468 participants in the PHOSP-COVID study attended an early timepoint research visit a median of 5 months (IQR 4–6) following discharge from 83 hospitals in the UK. Data for sleep quality were assessed by subjective measures (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the numerical rating scale) for 638 participants at the early time point. Sleep quality was also assessed using device-based measures (actigraphy) a median of 7 months (IQR 5–8 months) after discharge from hospital for 729 participants. After discharge from hospital, the majority (396 [62%] of 638) of participants who had been admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality in response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. A comparable proportion (338 [53%] of 638) of participants felt their sleep quality had deteriorated following discharge after COVID-19 admission, as assessed by the numerical rating scale. Device-based measurements were compared to an age-matched, sex-matched, BMI-matched, and time from discharge-matched UK Biobank cohort who had recently been admitted to hospital. Compared to the recently hospitalised matched UK Biobank cohort, participants in our study slept on average 65 min (95% CI 59 to 71) longer, had a lower sleep regularity index (–19%; 95% CI –20 to –16), and a lower sleep efficiency (3·83 percentage points; 95% CI 3·40 to 4·26). Similar results were obtained when comparisons were made with the non-hospitalised UK Biobank cohort. Overall sleep quality (unadjusted effect estimate 3·94; 95% CI 2·78 to 5·10), deterioration in sleep quality following hospital admission (3·00; 1·82 to 4·28), and sleep regularity (4·38; 2·10 to 6·65) were associated with higher dyspnoea scores. Poor sleep quality, deterioration in sleep quality, and sleep regularity were also associated with impaired lung function, as assessed by forced vital capacity. Depending on the sleep metric, anxiety mediated 18–39% of the effect of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea, while muscle weakness mediated 27–41% of this effect. Interpretation: Sleep disturbance following hospital admission for COVID-19 is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety, and muscle weakness. Due to the association with multiple symptoms, targeting sleep disturbance might be beneficial in treating the post-COVID-19 condition. Funding: UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Published
2023

4. Running on empty? Freshwater feeding by spawning anadromous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus

Author

Aaron D. Spares, Nic R. McLellan, Michael J. W. Stokesbury, José Luis Varela, and Sarah. I. D. Stewart

Subjects
geography, Fish migration, Gonad, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Alosa pseudoharengus, Fishes, Zoology, Estuary, Alewife, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Predation, Diet, Mayfly, Lakes, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Animals, Female, Nymph, Estuaries, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ephemeroptera
Abstract

Anadromous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus (n = 202; mean ± s.d. fork length = 231 ± 14 mm) were captured from 10 May to 27 June 2018 in an upper watershed lake on the Isthmus of Chignecto, Canada (45°57'N, 64°14'W). Thirty individuals (mean ± s.d. fork length = 250 ± 12 mm) were captured in an adjacent estuary downstream of a tide gate on 25 April 2018. Comparing estuarine to freshwater specimens, mean gonad mass and gonadosomatic indices in males and females decreased approximately 40% and 60%, and 31% and 50%, respectively. Individuals were characterized as pre-spawners in the estuary and spawners in the lake. Males maintained similar body condition throughout the spawning run whereas female condition decreased 9.4% between the estuary and lake. Stomach fullness decreased comparing estuarine and freshwater specimens, yet 93% of stomachs examined from individuals captured in the lake contained prey. Most males fed throughout all spawning stages (3%-17% empty stomachs), while all females fed during pre- and post-spawning stages and some fasted during spawning (11% empty stomachs). Cumulative prey curve never reached an asymptote, either weekly or for the entire sampling period, so freshwater diet may not have been completely described. Calanoid copepods (79.3%IA ) were a diet staple, with the secondary prey of mayfly nymphs (O. Ephemeroptera) consumed more by females (13.6%IA ) than males (6.2%IA ). PERMANOVA and PERMDISP analyses revealed significant dietary differences in freshwater were weekly and not due to dispersion effects, thus most likely due to feeding on various development stages of insect species. Our results challenge the long-held paradigm that anadromous A. pseudoharengus fast during the spawning migration.

Published
2021

5. LOXL2 Mediates Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Matrix Stiffness and Drives Asthmatic Airway Remodelling

Author

Alison E. John, Amanda L. Tatler, Gisli Jenkins, R. Middlewick, Lee D.K. Buttery, Naveed Sn, JT Cairns, I. D. Stewart, Jopeth Ramis, Francesco Pappalardo, Ramaswamy Krishnan, F.R.A.J. Rose, Suzanne Miller, De Shaw, Christopher E. Brightling, and Johnson

Subjects
biology, LOXL2, business.industry, respiratory system, Matrix (biology), respiratory tract diseases, Cell biology, Extracellular matrix, Pathogenesis, Ovalbumin, In vivo, medicine, biology.protein, Bronchoconstriction, medicine.symptom, Airway, business
Abstract

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) are fundamental to asthma pathogenesis, influencing bronchoconstriction, airway hyper-responsiveness, and airway remodelling. Extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence tissue remodelling pathways, however, to date no study has investigated the effect of ASM ECM stiffness and crosslinking on the development of asthmatic airway remodelling. We hypothesised that TGFβ activation by ASM is influenced by ECM in asthma and sought to investigate the mechanisms involved.This study combines in vitro and in vivo approaches: human ASM cells were used in vitro to investigate basal TGFβ activation and expression of ECM crosslinking enzymes. Human bronchial biopsies from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors were used to confirm LOXL2 expression ASM. A chronic ovalbumin model of asthma was used to study the effect of LOXL2 inhibition on airway remodelling.We found that ASM cells from asthmatics activated more TGFβ basally than non-asthmatic controls and that diseased cell-derived ECM influences levels of TGFβ activated. Our data demonstrate that the ECM crosslinking enzyme LOXL2 is increased in asthmatic ASM cells and in bronchial biopsies. Crucially, we show that LOXL2 inhibition reduces ECM stiffness and TGFβ activation in vitro, and can reduce subepithelial collagen deposition and ASM thickness, two features of airway remodelling, in an ovalbumin mouse model of asthma.These data are the first to highlight a role for LOXL2 in the development of asthmatic airway remodelling and suggest that LOXL2 inhibition warrants further investigation as a potential therapy to reduce remodelling of the airways in severe asthma.

Published
2020

6. Pancreatobiliary diversion enhances experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis

Author

B. Flaks, R. C. N. Williamson, P. W. Davies, I. D. Stewart, and P. Watanapa

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Internal medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Acinar cell, Animals, Azaserine, Pancreas, Biliopancreatic Diversion, Body Weight, Rats, Inbred Strains, Neoplasms, Experimental, Organ Size, medicine.disease, Small intestine, Rats, Intestines, Pancreatic Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Carcinogenesis, Hormone, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract

Since compensatory hyperplasia promotes experimental carcinogenesis in the gut, we tested the ability of two surgical models of pancreatic growth to promote pancreatic carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats (n = 60) weighing 250-300 g underwent pancreatobiliary diversion (PBD), 90% small bowel resection (PSBR) or triple transection and reanastomosis of the small intestine (controls). Postoperatively, each group received azaserine (20 mg kg-1 wk-1 i.p.) for 6 weeks. Surviving rats were killed at 6 months, pancreatic wet weight was measured and histological sections were examined for atypical acinar cell foci (AACF), the putative precursor of carcinoma. Median relative pancreatic weight (mg pancreas/g body weight) was 2.20 for controls (n = 18), 4.08 for PSBR (n = 11) (P less than 0.001) and 6.86 for PBD (n = 16) (P less than 0.001). PSBR did not affect the development of acidophilic AACF, but PBD produced an enormous increase in their number per cm3 (median 96 vs. 0; P less than 0.001) and a 7-fold increase in their volume (P less than 0.001). Both operations cause pancreatic growth, but only PBD promotes carcinogenesis, possibly because of its unique hormonal effect.

Published
1991

7. Eimeria species in cattle on farms in England and Wales

Author

I. D. Stewart, Johanne Ellis-Iversen, and Richard Smith

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, animal diseases, Cattle Diseases, Biology, Feces, Risk Factors, parasitic diseases, medicine, Prevalence, Animals, Wales, General Veterinary, Coccidiosis, Incidence (epidemiology), Age Factors, Oocysts, food and beverages, Agriculture, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Eimeria species, England, Cattle, Eimeria, Seasons
Abstract

Eimeria species are the protozoal causative agents of coccidiosis in cattle, an economically important disease that occurs predominantly in calves. There is evidence for an increase in the incidence of coccidiosis in Great Britain and at least 13 Eimeria species have been reported to infect cattle

Published
2008

8. Carex pseudolaxa

Author

R. R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart, R. R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart, R. R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart, and R. R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart

Abstract

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1719394%5DMICH-V-1719394, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1719394/MICH-V-1719394/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Published
1939

9. Carex ovoidispica

Author

R. R. Stewart, I. D. Stewart, R. R. Stewart, I. D. Stewart, R. R. Stewart, I. D. Stewart, and R. R. Stewart, I. D. Stewart

Abstract

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1719146%5DMICH-V-1719146, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1719146/MICH-V-1719146/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Published
1921

10. Glyceria kashmiriensis

Author

R. R. & I. D. Stewart, R. R. & I. D. Stewart, R. R. & I. D. Stewart, and R. R. & I. D. Stewart

Abstract

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1707634%5DMICH-V-1707634, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1707634/MICH-V-1707634/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Published
1945

13. Urinary Tract Lymphoma

Author

H. J. E. Lewi, I. D. Stewart, Stewart Fleming, K. F. Kyle, R. F. Deane, and M. Seywright

Subjects
Adult, Male, Urologic Neoplasms, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Poor prognosis, Lymphoma, Urology, Urinary system, Extranodal Disease, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Site of origin, Genitourinary system, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Kidney Neoplasms, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, business
Abstract

Urinary tract involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is uncommon and whilst extranodal disease may be the first manifestation of NHL in 15% of patients, the primary site of origin of NHL in the urinary tract is very rare. At the time of diagnosis, apparently primary urogenital lymphoma is often widely disseminated, with a correspondingly poor prognosis.

Published
1986

14. Rugby injury survey 1979

Author

G S, Inglis and I D, Stewart

Subjects
Physical Fitness, Athletic Injuries, Age Factors, Humans, Prospective Studies, New Zealand, Sports
Abstract

In a prospective study 1085 rugby players and their injuries were recorded in the 1979 playing season. The age, grade, position, fitness and ground conditions did not affect the injury pattern. The majority of injuries were insignificant requiring no hospital follow up. The tackle accounted for 44 percent of all injuries. Set play does not contribute significantly to the number of injuries. The head and neck was the most frequently involved site, followed by the lower limbs. Foul play was implicated in 15 percent of all injuries. More stringent refereeing and coaching of the tackle could aid in reducing the number and severity of rugby injuries.

Published
1981

15. Programme for early detection of gastric cancer

Author

I D Stewart, P W Houghton, R C Williamson, and Neil Mortensen

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Letter, business.industry, General Engineering, Early detection, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Text mining, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Methods, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Humans, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1986

16. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia presenting with bilateral breast involvement

Author

I. D. Stewart, R. Scott, Daniel Catovsky, P. K. Gogoi, G. D. Dunn, and P. F. Keane

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphocytic leukaemia, business.industry, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Mammary gland, Breast Neoplasms, Hematology, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Diagnosis, Differential, medicine.anatomical_structure, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Female, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, neoplasms, Aged
Abstract

The association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and other tumours has been frequently described. Involvement of the breast by CLL is rare. Only four cases of this association have been described (Haram 1937; Seale et al. 1972; Desablens et al. 1985). We report here a case of B-cell CLL presenting with a lump in the breast which may indicate that the disease has a more aggressive clinical outlook.

Published
1989

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results