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Economic statistics and forecasting show that Romania has a very favourable potential as far as the metalliferous ores are concerned. As these are owned by the state, once they are allowed to be exploited, they generate considerable amounts for the consolidated public budget. The present paper is meant to conduct a synthetic analysis on the topic of mining remittances from an economic perspective, by considering the juridical framework of capitalizing deposits of ferrous and non-ferrous ores, correlated with the general regulations concerning property and the specific existing regulations of the EU and of the countries that have experience and potential in the mining sector.

As regards the trade operations with gold products, the tax regime is rather special. The current paper tackles the most significant aspects of excise levying of this products/jewels type in the Romanian system. The focus is on certain framework elements regarding the fiscal status of the operator with gold products. The study relies on the European and national regulations but it also refers to other works which highlight similar problems.

The paper illustrates a synthetic analysis of the Romanian perspective related to commercializing process of those goods manufactured from precious metals or only film coated with these metals, namely gold, silver, platinum and palladium, in pure or alloy with at least 10% precious metal. Our approach is considering the legal regime established, in this respect in Romania, in the context of European Union (EU) integration. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the way in which Romanian legal authority exercised through a institutional system is guiding the operations with precious metal objects, with additional references to some identified limitations, or weaknesses. Furthermore, our attention was also focused on suggesting few indications that might improve the inland conditions in the future.

When dealing with the issue of increased labour productivity in steel companies, as well as in any other economic sector, managers are faced with a difficult choice – investing in technologies and competencies or diminishing the number of jobs. The economic literature and statistical data available on the Romanian steel industry has revealed that the second option has often been the case in the past 10 years or so. Nevertheless, in order to reach the economic indicators of Westerns countries, the main Romanian steel plants should decrease the number of employees from 18 500 to 8 400. We argue that the accelerated production after the crisis would also entail increased productivity, but the lack of technological advancement and significant investments in competencies will not allow economic efficiency to exceed the average of EU developed member states.

In light of the effects of the economic-financial crisis and of the numerous changes occurring both on a European and a global level and altering the environment of the metalworking sector, the aim of the present paper is to focus on the specific alterations performed in the audit of the economic and financial activity and of the financial statements of each entity under consideration. Moreover, high quality audit is essential, especially in light of the numerous cases of fraud and corruption that have been documented in the past few years – occurrences we make reference to – and involving companies operating in this particular sector.

“Gold”, the precious metal, does not deteriorate in time, as is the case with other metals; gold has a high value per volume unit, meaning that a very small quantity of it has a relatively high purchasing power. This argument, along with other such advantages identified throughout history, have made the purchase of gold one of the best methods to preserve wealth in time. Even today, investment gold is of particular interest for certain customers/operators, as the authenticity of bullion gold bars is rather easily ascertained, due to the applied markings and the related certificates. Our approach in the present paper mainly relates to the regulatory framework of gold operations as set by state governments, particularly highlighting the specific taxation regulations – their exemption from Value Added Tax. However, before getting into such details, we will first focus on the development of the above mentioned transactions as well as on certain price related issues, etc.

This paper is a synthetic analysis of the Romanian approach of an important underground resource, namely copper ore deposits. Certain elements of the international context have been introduced, highlighting the appreciation of the price of copper, as a result of increased demand from countries with emerging economies and speculative transactions on certain markets. The Romanian government, given that it can not provide funding to modernize the mining companies, is forced to choose as a solution to privatize them. The most emblematic case is the one of the company „Cupru Min”, which is based on the exploitation of ore from the Western Carpathians (Rosia Poieni). For this reason, many of our references relate to data and information on this company.

The ferrous metallurgy represents a traditional occupation, being extremely important for the national economy. Romania has gone through all the stages foreseen for the restructuring of this industry in compliance with the provisions of the European Council’s Decision (1999/582/EC) concerning the partnership for the EU adherence, which included a special chapter on ferrous metallurgy, the provisions of the Protocol no. 2 (ECSC), as well as with other significant normative acts subsequently enacted. Following the performed restructuring – privatizations, state allowances, liquidations, re-technologization – the activity of this sector has developed, still being under the potential of the Romanian metallurgic industry. Nowadays, the disadvantages relating to energy intensity and the increased need for imported raw materials are doubled by the difficulties generated by the global crisis.

The adjustment of the Romanian steel industry restructuring programmes to the requirements of the EU and the implementation of such programmes has supported the development and growth of Romanian steel companies.The total amount of State aid allowed in Romania has been of € 1,2 billion and was mainly awarded for financial restructuring and to a smaller extent for exemption from VAT and corporation tax. The EC has constantly monitored the Romanian steel industry and the way in which State aid has been granted by the Romanian government. As a consequence of the restructuring process– whit entry into force the EU Association Agreement was enforced – several obsolescent plants have been shut down because of physical and moral wear and tear, and the total number steelworkers has decreased significantly.

Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death; however, updated data regarding clinical presentation and current management are missing in Greece. This study aimed to prospectively record the demographic and clinical characteristics of a representative sample of patients suffering from AMI, their management, and short-term outcomes. Methods: ILIAKTIS is a national, prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study conducted under the auspices of Hellenic Society of Cardiology (HCS) and the European Initiative Stent - Save a Life. From 1st April 2020 to 30th June 2020, consecutive adult patients with STEMI or NSTEMI were enrolled in the 50 participating hospitals, appropriately selected to match the geographical and population distribution in the Greek territory. Results: In total, 1862 patients (mean age: 64.2 ± 13.2 yrs.; 77.2% males) with AMI were enrolled. More patients presented with NSTEMI (56.8%) than with STEMI (43.2%). Primary PCI (pPCI) was the preferable treatment option for STEMI patients in PCI-hospitals (76.9% vs. 39.9% for non-PCI, p

Axial adjustment method for precessional transmissions includes the compensation error calculation and the determination compensator groups, achieved in the form of base and auxiliary rings. The compensator has on the base ring axial canals in which clamping bolts can be placed but the auxiliary ring has axial holes for the screws. The auxiliary ring is formed from increasing sectors - the distance between auxiliary ring stairs and front side of body, from decreasing sectors - the distance between base ring and bottom place, and the closure element - the clearance between gear body and the front surface of the base ring. According to the method of group interchangeability, the deviation value of the upper and lower group tolerance and the clearance between lid and body are determined. Then, rotating one of the rings, it should be ensured that the dimension of the compensator will match the value of compensation clearance, and the compensator is adjusted to the required value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing awareness of the impact of global climate change has brought bio-based projects back into consideration. Thus, having as supports the reality of the troubling scenario that threatens the entire ecosystem and the up-to-date theoretical discourse and debate on sustainable development, this article aims to investigate the socio-economic and institutional determinants that trigger the dynamics of the bioeconomy value added indicator-a valuable instrument developed and recently launched by the EU's BioMonitor project. Using a panel corrected standard errors framework, we find that investment in human development along with innovation, the growing role of women and sound public governance have a positive effect on the transition towards a durable and resilient bioeconomy at the European level. This naturally implies that a combination of social and technological innovation can ensure the rise of a sustainable bioeconomy.

The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of understanding the sources of vulnerabilities that can lead to a financial crisis and highlighted the predominant impact on health systems. Firstly, the paper aims to conduct a retrospective analysis of the Romanian health care system, over the period of time 1985-2019, based on our own computed sustainability index for public health. Secondly, using the Gregory-Hansen cointegration method, we provide new evidence on the causal relationship between health expenditure and GDP for Romania over the period of time 1985-2017. Based on the retrospective analysis of the long-run co-movement between health spending and GDP, the study allows one to prospectively examine not only the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care spending, but also to reveal the government's fiscal position and vulnerabilities. Our results highlight the intergenerational costs related to the policy incoherence roadmap and regulatory fragmentation, stressing the importance of economic system resilience through fiscal diligence and the consolidation of the institutional context.

The last years have brought into attention more than ever concerns regarding the accelerating degradation of the environmental conditions which threaten both the present but mainly the future of human society. Under such circumstances, the society and especially the governments need to acknowledge the seriousness of environment issues and be able to develop and put into practice specific policies to counteract them. In this regard, this paper performs an analysis on a group of 11 European developing countries, over the period between 2000 and 2017, aiming first to evaluate the impact of the changing environment conditions and of the governmental actions regarding environment protection, on citizens life, namely on their life expectancy. In order to evaluate, as accurately as possible, the quality of the environment we propose and elaborate upon an environmental sustainability index based on 17 proxies for environment issues, whose values reveal several similarities between some of the analyzed countries. Secondly, using this index and also several categories of public expenses as proxies for the government actions towards environment protection, we analyze their impact on the life expectancy of the citizens during the sample period and draw some specific conclusions on the actions to be taken forward by governments.

The objective of this paper is to summarize an extensive bibliographical search by presenting the retrospective of EU organic food from the point of regulation, policy framework, trends and challenges. We also make a critical review of existing scientific evidence regarding European trends in organic food consumption and production and we identify research gaps for future comprehensive assessments of the policy and legal framework. This review has indicated the importance of the two pillars, namely regulation and policy, highlighting not only the need for solid restrictions regarding organic food production, however also the need to support food safety and consumer confidence in the growing organic food market.

Expenditure and financing aspects in the healthcare system in general, and in cancer care in particular, are subjects of increasing concern to the medical community. Nowadays, it is imperative for the healthcare system to respond to the challenge of universal access to quality healthcare, by measuring the financial resources within the healthcare sector. The purpose of this review is to highlight the major gaps in the healthcare expenditures for all types of care, as well as on cancer and anti-cancer drugs across 28 European Union member states. The indicators taken into account are divided into two major groups: (1) healthcare expenditures for all types of care, and (2) healthcare expenditures on cancer and anti-cancer drugs. The programs used for our analysis are SPSS Statistics V20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and Stat World Explorer. The overall picture confirms that there are considerable disparities between the 28 countries in relation to their expenditures on health. The trend in public expenditures for all types of care, compared to the share of healthcare expenditures as a percentage of the GDP, shows the increase of health expenses between 2010 and 2014, but a lower rise compared to the total GDP increase. Healthcare expenditure on cancer (%THE) is rather low, despite the high cost associated with anti-cancer drugs. New treatments and drugs development will be increasingly difficult to achieve if the share devoted to cancer does not increase, and the lack of funds may act as a barrier in receiving high-quality care., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: The present paper focuses on approaching the context and the actual manner of applying a method, known to be efficient and with a solid scientific background, on the institutional level of healthcare in Romania., Methods: The analyses and correlations developed by the author have taken into account the latest editions of the journals and publications of these institutions, such as statistical papers, standards, procedural guidebooks, reports. Most of the data (easily identifiable in the electronic environment) have been selected to enable the subsequent further investigation., Results: The payments made in 2012 for the audited NHP1-4, have increased by 82 282.66 thousand € (39.2%) as compared to 2010, and by 50578.22 thousand € (20.9%) as compared to 2011. The amounts paid for NHP1-4 have had an ascending trend starting with 2010, but, during 2010-2012, as the contribution of the Ministry of Health from the state budget has decreased from 152590.66 thousand € to 95328.22 thousand €, CNAS's funding from the FNUASS resources has increased by 2.4 times., Conclusion: Following the analysis conducted on the NHP1-4, the findings based on representative samples are: (i) the specific legal standards related to the development of the NHP1-4, did not provide all the mechanisms that would ensure the certain procurement of medication and medical supplies as needed and did not ensure the efficient use of the allocated funds; (ii) clear discontinuities have been identified in the funding of NHP1-4, etc.

The paper reveals the presence of certain factors that generate inefficiency - in the area of government programmes for labor market inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD) -, as outlined by the specific instruments of the (external) public performance audit. The identified causes are mostly related to the fact that the drawing up of the necessary budgets for projects related to the social and professional integration of persons with disabilities was not based on the local needs and, thus, the available material, financial and human resources have been overlooked. Referring to a period of five years (2006-2010), it was pointed out that the methodologies related to the targeted projects did not mention any clear regulations regarding the criteria that have to be met by the applicants participating in the selection for projects funded from non-refundable resources. Subsequently, certain non-refundable contracts have been assigned to certain executors (NGO types), even though they did not meet the criteria either in terms of eligibility or in terms of the completion of the objectives mentioned in the project proposals, therefore resulting in illegal payments made towards such parties.

The presented paper tackles the issue of risk factors specific to work processes that involve the presence of chemicals. The reason that supports the present approach is the fact that the risks most likely to affect health in the workplace have been lately associated with the exposure of workers engaged in industrial activities to aggressive chemical agents. In order to tackle this problem, we shall resort to the normative regulations that have been adjusted upon Romania's inclusion in the European Union. The harmonization and alignment of the national standards--applied to the work systems that make use of various chemical substances likely to affect the health of the human resource--to the European guidelines and regulations has brought about a significant improvement in workplace security practices. Consequently, the arguments and demonstrations in the presented study are based on elements of the European acquis and the Romanian regulations which are all related to the chemical risk factors generated by harmful chemicals, or the potentially accident-prone properties of the substances used in work processes.