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Resumen Introduccion Los programas de recuperacion precoz (rapid recovery, RP) en artroplastia total de rodilla pueden mejorar la funcionalidad a la vez que se reducen los costes. El objetivo del estudio es comparar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitacion precoz con nuestro protocolo habitual. Pacientes y metodos Se realizo un ensayo clinico aleatorizado (NCT03823573) en pacientes operados de artroplastia total de rodilla. El grupo intervencion (RP) recibio infiltracion periarticular con levobupivacaina e inicio deambulacion supervisada a las 4-6 h tras la intervencion. El grupo control (C) empleo drenaje y recibio un bloqueo femoral e inicio la deambulacion al retirar el drenaje. Los pacientes completaron un cuestionario Oxford Knee Score preoperatorio y a los 6 meses. La incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda asintomatica se analizo mediante ecodoppler. El seguimiento minimo fue de 6 meses. Resultados Fueron incluidos 175 pacientes (92 pacientes en el grupo C y 83 en el RP). No hubo diferencias en sexo, edad, tipo de protesis, descenso de hemoglobina, necesidad de transfusiones, balance articular activo al alta (C: 82,6°; RP: 85°) ni al finalizar el seguimiento (C: 105,1°; RP: 106,6°), mejoria del cuestionario (C: 17,5 puntos; RP: 19,3 puntos), satisfaccion del paciente o reatenciones hospitalarias (C: 7,6%; RP: 10,8%). Se observo significacion en el tiempo de isquemia (C: 81,29 min; RP: 85,35 min; p = 0,03), necesidad de rescate con opioides (C: 19,7%; RP: 38,6%; p = 0,007), estancia media (C: 3,84 dias; RP: 2,54 dias; p Conclusion El protocolo RP puede reducir la estancia hospitalaria sin aumentar las complicaciones ni las reatenciones.

Resumen Introduccion La practica en modelos experimentales es una opcion valida que mejora los resultados y acorta las curvas de aprendizaje de las tecnicas quirurgicas. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un modelo en plastico, impreso en 3D para la docencia, el entrenamiento y la formacion en ureteroscopia flexible, analizando costes e idoneidad para la practica de esta tecnica quirurgica. Metodos Se elaboro un modelo impreso en 3D a partir de una tomografia axial computarizada de una via urinaria superior de un paciente real. La segmentacion se llevo a cabo mediante el software HorosTM y la impresion mediante una impresora FDM-Ultimaker. Se numero los calices renales para ser identificados, como en el plan de formacion de tratamiento endoscopico de litiasis, ejercicio 4, de la Asociacion Europea de Urologia. Se utilizaron: un ureteroscopio flexible desechable Innovex (Palex) y cestillas de nitinol (Coloplast). Resultados El tiempo de impresion fue de 19 h, con un coste total de 8,77 €. El modelo tridimensional permitio la introduccion del ureteroscopio flexible y la exploracion de los calices renales por parte de urologos tanto en formacion como en ejercicio actual de la especialidad sin dificultad. El modelo tambien permitio la utilizacion de cestillas y la movilizacion y extraccion de litiasis previamente colocadas. Conclusion Damos a conocer un modelo tridimensional valido para ejercicios de formacion en ureteroscopia flexible con unos costes razonables, que permitira adquirir la destreza y la confianza necesaria para iniciar el procedimiento en un escenario real.

Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery programme compared to our classic protocol.We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made 1 month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months.A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, haemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford knee score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%). Significancy was found on time of ischaemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; p=.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; p=.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, p.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; p.0001).Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.

Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery program compared to our classic protocol.We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made one month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months.A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, hemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford Knee Score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%). Significancy was found on time of ischemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; P=0.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; P=0.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, P0.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; P0.0001).Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.

Objectives We present the results of the prospective follow up of a sample of large head metal-metal total hip arthroplasty obtained after the safety alert regarding a higher incidence of revision of these implants. Material and methods All patients implanted with the Recap-M2a-Magnum cup between 2008 and 2011 were included. They were prospectively reviewed recording Harris Hip Score, clinical symptoms of chromium or cobalt intoxication. Serum levels of these ions were requested as well as X-rays and ultrasonography. An MRI was performed in the cases of positive ultrasonography. Results Twenty-six males with a mean age of 48.54 years [32–62, SD: 7.18] were included. An anterolateral approach and Bi-Metric (7) and F-40 (19) stems were used. Cephalic diameters ranged 42–52 (mode: 46) and the mean cup inclination was 39.35° [21–59°, SD: 9.78]. During follow-up (7.3 years [5.9–9.4; SD: .78]), 3 patients (11.5%) underwent revision (2 cases aseptic loosening, 1 pseudotumour). Mean time until revision was 5.4 years [3.1–8.0; SD: 2.48]. The accumulated survival probability was 88.5% (95% CI 76.3–100%). Harris Hip Score was 94.47 [66.5–100; SD: 8.94] and the patients showed no metallic intoxication symptoms. The levels of chromium were 1.88 μg/dl [0.6–3.9] and cobalt 1,74 μg/dl [0.5–5,6]. One pseudotumour was found in an asymptomatic patient, and small amounts of periarticular liquid were found in 5 patients (19.2%) Discussion and conclusions High revision rates are still found when follow up is extended due to aseptic loosening and pseudotumour formation. MRI might not be the most adequate test to study the complications of these prostheses.

Resumen Objetivos A raiz de las alertas sanitarias surgidas por la alta incidencia de recambios en la artroplastia de cadera metal-metal, se presentan los resultados obtenidos del seguimiento prospectivo de la serie de nuestro centro con cabezas de gran tamano. Material y metodos Se incluyeron todos los pacientes tratados con el cotilo Recap-M2a-Magnum, Biomet de 2008 a 2011. Se revisaron prospectivamente todos los pacientes registrando Harris Hip Score y sintomas de intoxicacion por cromo-cobalto y se solicitaron niveles sericos de estos iones, radiografia y ecografia. Se solicito resonancia magnetica en caso de ecografia positiva. Resultados Se incluyeron 26 varones de 48,54 anos de edad media [32-62, DE: 7,18]. Se utilizo un abordaje anterolateral y vastagos Bimetric (7) o F40 (19). La moda de los diametros cefalicos fue 46 [42-52]. La inclinacion media del cotilo fue 39,35° [21-59°, DE: 9,78]. Durante el seguimiento (7,3 anos [5,9-9,4 anos, DE: 0,78]), 3 pacientes (11,5%) precisaron revision (2 por movilizacion aseptica, un pseudotumor). El tiempo medio hasta la revision fue 5,4 anos [3,1-8,0, DE: 2,48]. La probabilidad acumulada de supervivencia fue del 88,5% (IC95% 76,3-100%). El Harris Hip Score fue de 94,47 [66,5-100, DE: 8,94] y los pacientes no mostraron ningun sintoma de intoxicacion metalica, con niveles de cromo 1,88 mcg/dl [0,6-3,9] y cobalto 1,74 mcg/dl [0,5-5,6]. Se encontro un pseudotumor en un paciente asintomatico y pequenas cantidades de liquido periprotesico en 5 pacientes (19,2%). Discusion y conclusiones Seguimos encontrando altas tasas de revision al extender el seguimiento de los pacientes debido a la movilizacion aseptica y la formacion de pseudotumores. La resonancia nuclear magnetica no parece la prueba mas adecuada para el estudio de las complicaciones de este tipo de protesis.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia del acido tranexamico topico en la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada desde el punto de vista del sangrado, las necesidades transfusionales y la estancia media, asi como describir las complicaciones derivadas de su uso respecto a un grupo control. Material y metodos Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, controlado y doble ciego que incluye todos los pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de cadera no cementada en nuestro centro entre junio de 2014 y julio de 2015. La perdida de sangre se estimo mediante la formula descrita por Nadler y Good. Resultados El analisis final incluyo 119 pacientes. El descenso de hemoglobina tras la cirugia fue menor en el grupo del acido tranexamico (3,28 ± 1,13 g/dL) que en el control (4,03 ± 1,27 g/dL, p = 0,001), asi como el volumen estimado de sangre perdida (1.216,75 ± 410,46 mL vs. 1.542,12 ± 498,97 mL, p Conclusiones El uso de acido tranexamico topico en la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada produce una disminucion en las necesidades transfusionales y el sangrado sin aumentar la incidencia de las complicaciones.

Objectives Our aim was to investigate whether patients presenting with fragility fractures of the proximal femur are receiving osteoporosis treatment and to assess the number of other fragility fractures they have sustained prior to admission. Methods All patients presenting to our institution with fragility fractures of the proximal femur within an 18-month period (January 2012–August 2013) were included. Patient demographics; fracture classification (AO/OTA); American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade; Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) on admission; type of operation; time to operation; peri -operative complications; length of hospital stay (LOS); walking status; osteoporotic medication; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) results; additional fragility fractures; and mortality were collected and analysed. Results A total of 1004 patients (278 male) met the inclusion criteria and were included into the study. The mean age was 82.01 years and mean LOS was 19.54 days. Fifty-four per cent of the patients were admitted from their own homes whereas 43% were capable to walk indoors without any aids before their injury. Mean time to surgery was 2.06 days (Median: 1.31, range: 0–26 days). Three hundred and six patients (30.5%) had at least another fragility fracture before the index episode (mean 1.40 fractures; SD: 0.71 fractures; range: 1–6 fractures). Only 16.4% were under complete osteoporosis treatment on admission, defined as receiving calcium with vitamin D and a bisphosphonate or an alternative agent. When we compared patients without a history of a previous fragility fracture (Group A) and patients with at least another previous fragility fracture (Group B), we found that patients in Group B had a significantly lower AMTS score, lower bone mineral density (BMD) as evident on the DEXA scan, an inferior mobility before admission and a higher incidence of extracapsular fractures (p On discharge, patients in Group B had a higher chance of receiving complete bone protection compared to group A (27.9% versus 41.7%; p Following discharge, 11.2% of the patients sustained an additional fragility fracture. The mean time from the index episode to the additional fracture was 0.65 years, whilst these injuries were more frequent in Group B (RR = 1.638; p Conclusion Patients presenting with a hip fracture are generally under-treated for osteoporosis. Post-operative assessment by a designated geriatrician and use of a standardised protocol is of paramount importance for reducing the risk of additional fragility fractures. Additionally, screening of the elderly population for identifying the patients who suffer from osteoporosis can potentially reduce the risk of sustaining a further fragility fracture.

Introduction In-hospital 3D printing is being implemented in orthopaedic departments worldwide, being used for additive manufacturing of fracture models (or even surgical guides) which are sterilized and used in the operating room. However, to save time and material, prints are nearly hollow, while 3D printers are placed in non-sterile rooms. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether common sterilization methods can sterilize the inside of the pieces, which would be of utmost importance in case a model breaks during a surgical intervention. Material and method A total of 24 cylinders were designed and printed with a 3D printer in Polylactic Acid (PLA) with an infill density of 12%. Manufacturing was paused when 60% of the print was reached and 20 of the cylinders were inoculated with 0.4 mL of a suspension of S epidermidis ATTCC 1228 in saline solution at turbidity 1 McFarland. Printing was resumed, being all the pieces completely sealed with the inoculum inside. Posteriorly, 4 groups were made according to the chosen sterilization method: Ethylene Oxide (EtO), Gas Plasma, Steam Heat or non-sterilized (positive control). Each group included 5 contaminated cylinders and 1 non-contaminated cylinder as a negative control. After sterilization, the inside of the cylinders was cultured during 7 days. Results We observed bacterial growth of just a few Forming Colony Units (FCU) in 4 out of 5 positive controls and in 2 out of 5 contaminated cylinders sterilized with Gas Plasma. We could not assess any bacterial growth in any of the EtO or Steam Heat samples or in any of the negative controls. Pieces sterilized under Steam Heat resulted completely deformed. Conclusions High temperatures reached during the procedure of additive manufacturing can decrease the bacterial load of the biomodels. However, there is a potential risk of contamination during the procedure. We recommend sterilization with EtO for in-hospital 3D-printed PLA hollow biomodels or guides. Otherwise, in case of using Gas Plasma, an infill of 100% should be applied.

Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common upper extremity fracture. The incidence of complications after surgical treatment still remains high. The objective of our study was to assess functional and radiological results of DRF treated with volar locking plate.We conducted a retrospective study including DRF treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a volar locking plate during a period of 8 years (2010-2018). Data were collected from clinical records and included patient demographics, fracture characteristics, radiological parameters (radial inclination, palmar tilt, ulnar variance, articular step-off), range of motion (ROM), complications and reinterventions.A total of 170 patients (63.5% female) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 55.9 years [24.1-83.7; 13.76]. High energy injuries were more frequent in younger patients (25.56% vs 3.95%; p 0.0001). AO classification was: 2R3A: 23.5%, 2R3B: 24.1% and 2R3C: 52.4%. Time until surgery was 8.5 days, longer in extraarticular fractures (AO-2R3A: 12.22 days, AO-2R3B: 7.97 days, AO-2R3C: 7.04 days, p = 0.018). Younger patients had better radial inclination (excellent in 85.1% vs 59.21%, p = 0.001) and radial shortening (excellent in 100% vs 88.15%, p = 0.001). ROM was: flexion 63° [0-90°; 19.73], extension 57.67° [5-90°; 21.61], pronation 78.94° [40-90°] and supination 81.76° [38-90°; 8.87]. We found a weak correlation between ROM in flexion-extension and radial shortening (r = 0.218; p = 0.001) and articular step-off (r = -0.269; p = 0.002). We had 39 complications (21.18% of patients). 10.6% of patients needed a re-operation, being the most frequent hardware removal (6.5%) and tendinous disruptions repairs (2.4%). Reintervention rate was higher in younger patients (14.9% vs 5.3%; p = 0.042), complete articular fractures (AO-2R3A: 2.5%; AO-2R3B: 7.3%; AO-2R3C: 15.7%; p = 0.037) and high energy injuries (8.4% vs 22.2%; p = 0.044). Patients undergoing reintervention had a decreased flexion-extension (94.44° vs 123.83°, p = 0.007).Radial shortening and articular step-off seem the most important predictors for postoperative range of motion. Worse radiological outcomes are observed in complete articular fractures and those affecting elder population. Although radiological and functional results are good or excellent in most of cases, the incidence of complications and need for reintervention still remains noticeable. Re-operations were more frequent in younger patients, complete articular fractures and high energy injuries, and it worsened functional outcomes.

IntroductionPatient specific instrumentation is a novel aid the industry has been implementing in our hospitals during the last years. However, the cost of the process and the impossibility to discuss face to face with the manufacturer the needs of the particular cases may favor the in-hospital production of these devices.We present the design and manufacturing process of three patient-specific devices to treat complex common situations in orthopaedic surgery, such as intramedular tumor resections, long bone pseudarthrosis and malunions of articular fractures.Material and MethodsCT scans of the region of interest were performed to all the patients. Horos® software was used to isolate the affected bone region, whereas Meshmixer® software was used to create the patient specific guides. An Ultimaker 2+® 3D printer was used to print the guide, in a biocompatible material (SmartFil® Medical). The printing parameters included a nozzle of 0.6 mm and a layer height of 0.1 mm.There was one case of a low-grade chondrosarcoma in which we created a guide to resect enough cortical bone to make an extended curettage of the lesion. Phenol and PMMA were used as adjuvants after the curettage. We used the same guide to obtain an exact replica of allograft which was later placed in position.We had a femur diaphyseal atrophic pseudarthrosis in a patient with achondroplasia, in which the guide permitted the resection of the affected bone with a saw and posterior osteosynthesis with an anterior LCP plate.Finally, in an intraarticular malunion of a distal radius Die-Punch fracture we used the guide to make an osteotomy of the affected articular portion and correct the articular surface. Bone autograft was added prior to the osteosynthesis with a plate.ResultsMean design time was 6.3 hours. Mean printing time was 5.2 hours. The price of the filament used for each guide was under 10 USD. The mean time from the CT-Scan and the surgery being performed was 2.7 months. In all cases the patient specific guides fitted in the bone and permitted the planned resection/osteotomy.All the surgeries fulfilled their purpose.ConclusionsPatient specific guides are easy to design in a local setting with the aid of free software. Design time still needs dedication although it permits the manufacturing of the guides following surgeon needs. The use of self-designed and printed guides is safe and accurate, with a low cost for the institutions.

Introduction and objective Arthrodiastasis consists of the mobilisation of the hip while distracted by a hinged distractor. The aim of our study is to show the results of the treatment of late-onset Perthes disease with this technique in our institution. Material and methods Ambispective review of all the cases that underwent this surgery in our Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics between 2010 and 2014 with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 8 years old, with minimal deformity, and poor prognosis. Mobility, pain, Trendelenburg sign, radiographic sphericity, and complications were assessed. Results A total of 13 patients (9 male, 4 female) were included. The mean age was 11.93 years. Radiographic risk signs were present in 7 cases. The mean decrease in pain measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery was 3.83 points (P Conclusions Arthrodiastasis is a minimally invasive technique, useful in the treatment of late onset Perthes disease. It improves clinical results and maintains cephalic shape when applied in early stages. However, it is not free of complications, which can involve as many as 8 out of 10 patients treated with the technique.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivo La artrodiastasis consiste en la movilizacion de la cadera mediante la distraccion por medio de un fijador externo articulado. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es mostrar los resultados obtenidos en nuestro centro en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Perthes de inicio tardio o de mal pronostico con esta tecnica quirurgica. Material y metodos Revision ambispectiva de todos los casos intervenidos en nuestro servicio de ortopedia infantil entre los anos 2010 y 2014 con los siguientes criterios de inclusion: pacientes mayores de 8 anos, con minima deformidad y pronostico desfavorable. Se evaluan movilidad, dolor, Trendelenburg, esfericidad radiologica y complicaciones. Resultados Se incluyeron 13 pacientes, 9 de ellos varones, con una edad media de 11,93 anos. Siete casos presentaron signos radiologicos de riesgo. La disminucion del dolor mediante EVA tras la cirugia fue cuantificada en 3,83 puntos (p Conclusiones La artrodiastasis constituye una tecnica minimamente invasiva y util en el tratamiento de Perthes de inicio tardio o de mal pronostico, mejorando la clinica y manteniendo la esfericidad cefalica, siendo recomendable el tratamiento de estos pacientes al inicio de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no esta exenta de complicaciones, que pueden afectar a 8 de cada 10 pacientes tratados.

PurposeThe medical morbidity and mortality associated with neck of femur fractures is well-documented, whereas there is limited data for patient-reported outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of neck of femur fractures on activities of daily living and patient-reported health-related quality of life.MethodsDesign and participants: Multicentric prospective cohort study. Consecutive sample patients with fragility hip fracture over 50years old admitted in 48 hospitals in Spain.Outcomes: daily living activity function (Barthel Index) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) pre-fracture, admission to hospital and at 1- and 4-month follow-up post-fracture.Statistics: Barthel and EQ-5D over time are described as mean (SD) and median (interquartile range).ResultsA total of 997 patients were recruited at baseline with 4-month outcomes available for, and 856 patients (89.5%). Barthel Index fell from 78.77 (23.75) at baseline to 43.62 (19.86) on admission to hospital with the fracture. Scores partially recovered to 54.89 (25.40) and 64.09 (21.35) at 1- and 4-month post-fracture, respectively. EQ-5D fell from a median of 0.75 (0.47-0.91) to -0.01 (-0.03 to 0.51) on admission. Partial recovery was observed again to (0.51 (-0.06 to 0.67)) and (0.60 (0.10 to 0.80)) at 1- and 4-month post-fracture, respectively.ConclusionsHip fracture results in a large decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living and patient-reported health-related quality of life with only partial recovery amongst survivors 4-month post-fracture., This work has been sponsored by an unrestricted grant of AMGEN to the Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Investigation (IMIM).

We have characterised 997 hip fracture patients from a representative 45 Spanish hospitals, and followed them up prospectively for up to 4 months. Despite suboptimal surgical delays (average 59.1 hours), in-hospital mortality was lower than in Northern European cohorts. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at 85%. Purpose To characterise inpatient care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture in Spain. Methods Design: prospective cohort study. Consecutive sample of patients >= 50 years old admitted in a representative 45 hospitals for a hip or proximal femur fragility fracture, from June 2014 to June 2016 and followed up for 4 months post-fracture. Patient characteristics, site of fracture, in-patient care (including secondary fracture prevention) and complications, and 4-month mortality are described. Results A total of 997 subjects (765 women) of mean (standard deviation) age 83.6 (8.4) years were included. Previous history of fracture/s (36.9%) and falls (43%) were common, and 10-year FRAX-estimated major and hip fracture risks were 15.2% (9.0%) and 8.5% (7.6%) respectively. Inter-trochanteric (44.6%) and displaced intra-capsular (28.0%) were the most common fracture sites, and fixation with short intramedullary nail (38.6%) with spinal anaesthesia (75.5%) the most common procedures. Surgery and rehabilitation were initiated within a mean 59.1 (56.7) and 61.9 (55.1) hours respectively, and average length of stay was 11.5 (9.3) days. Antithrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis were given to 99.8% and 98.2% respectively, whilst only 12.4% received secondary fracture prevention at discharge. Common complications included delirium (36.1 %) and kidney failure (14.1%), with in-hospital and 4-month mortality of 2.1% and 11% respectively. Conclusions Despite suboptimal surgical delay, post-hip fracture mortality is low in Spanish hospitals. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at > 85%, in spite of virtually universal anti-thrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis., Funded in part by CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER funds. Unrestricted research grant from Amgen S.A. Amgen did not have any role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the report, and the decision to submit the report for publication.

Introduction Several authors have suggested a correlation between the fracture patterns of proximal femur fractures and the degree of hip osteoarthritis (HOA), but the current evidence to support this are insufficient. The aim of our study was to demonstrate whether there is an association between the grade of HOA and fracture pattern observed, in patients presenting with a fragility fracture of the proximal femur. Materials and methods We contacted a retrospective review of all patients presenting to our institution with fragility fractures involving the proximal femur, between March 2012 and October 2013. Pathological fractures, high-energy injuries and patients with less than one year of follow-up were excluded from further analysis. Admission radiographs and severity of HOA were assessed according to Kellgren and Lawrence scale (minimal: Grades 1–2; severe: Grades 3–4). Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification. Results A total of 1003 patients (725 females; 1003 fractures) met the inclusion criteria, having a mean age of 81.5 (46–106 years). With regards to fracture classification, 417 (41.6%) fractures were classified as extracapsular and 586 (58.4%) as intracapsular. A total of 939 (93.9%) patients presented with minimal HOA, whilst 61 (6.1%) of the patients presented with severe HOA. Of the 61 patients presenting with severe HOA, 42 patients (68.9%) sustained a 31A-interthrocanteric fracture and 19 patients (31.1%) sustained a 31B-intracapsular fracture. Regarding the patients presenting with minimal HOA (832 patients in total), 323 patients (38.8%) sustained 31A-intertrochanteric fracture and 509 patients (61.2%) sustained a 31B-intracapsular fracture. Patients presenting with severe HOA were found to have a statistically significant chance to present with an extracapsular fracture (p Conclusions The degree of HOA is related to the fracture pattern in patients presenting following simple mechanical falls. More specifically, higher grades of HOA are associated with extracapsular fracture patterns, whereas lower grades of HOA are associated with intracapsular fracture patterns.

We present the results of the prospective follow up of a sample of large head metal-metal total hip arthroplasty obtained after the safety alert regarding a higher incidence of revision of these implants.All patients implanted with the Recap-M2a-Magnum cup between 2008 and 2011 were included. They were prospectively reviewed recording Harris Hip Score, clinical symptoms of chromium or cobalt intoxication. Serum levels of these ions were requested as well as X-Rays and ultrasonography. An MRI was performed in the cases of positive ultrasonography.Twenty-six males with a mean age of 48.54 years [32-62, SD: 7.18] were included. An anterolateral approach and Bi-Metric (7) and F-40 (19) stems were used. Cephalic diameters ranged 42-52 (mode: 46) and the mean cup inclination was 39.35° [21-59°, SD: 9.78]. During follow-up (7.3 years [5.9-9.4; SD: .78]), 3 patients (11.5%) underwent revision (2 cases aseptic loosening, 1 pseudotumour). Mean time until revision was 5.4 years [3.1-8.0; SD: 2.48]. The accumulated survival probability was 88.5% (95% CI 76.3-100%). Harris Hip Score was 94.47 [66.5-100; SD: 8.94] and the patients showed no metallic intoxication symptoms. The levels of chromium were 1.88 mcg/dl [0.6-3.9] and cobalt 1,74 mcg/dl [0.5-5,6]. One pseudotumour was found in an asymptomatic patient, and small amounts of periarticular liquid were found in 5 patients (19.2%) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: High revision rates are still found when follow up is extended due to aseptic loosening and pseudotumour formation. MRI might not be the most adequate test to study the complications of these prostheses.

Resumen Objetivos Evaluacion del manejo quirurgico, evolucion y complicaciones de pacientes afectados por fractura pertrocanterea de cadera tratados mediante enclavado PFNA. Material y metodo Revision retrospectiva de 200 pacientes intervenidos entre abril de 2010 y febrero de 2012 de forma consecutiva. Se realiza evaluacion radiografica preoperatoria, postoperatoria y durante el seguimiento (reduccion de la fractura, posicion de la espiral, consolidacion o signos de colapso). La evaluacion clinica se realizo en funcion de la autonomia para la marcha. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos con estudio previo, sobre muestra de 700 pacientes y enclavado gamma 3 y TFN. Resultados La posicion de la espiral es centro-centro en el 64% de los pacientes, que disminuye al 53% en el grupo de las complicaciones mecanicas, siendo la distancia punta-vertice menor a 25 mm en el 91,5% de los casos. La estancia hospitalaria media se situa en 9,17 dias con una estancia media postintervencion de 5,95 dias. Las complicaciones (7,5%) fueron: 2 casos de cut out (1%), uno de cut through (0,5%), 4 casos de efecto telescopaje (2%), un fallo en el encerrojado distal (0,5%), 2 casos de molestias en la fascia lata (1%), un retardo en la consolidacion (0,5%), 2 seudoartrosis que condicionaron la rotura del dispositivo (1%), un caso de sangrado relativo al clavo (0,5%) y un caso de necrosis avascular (0,5%). Conclusiones El sistema de espiral cefalica PFNA parece reducir la incidencia de cut out y cut through en el hueso osteoporotico. La posicion de la espiral supone uno de los principales parametros relacionados con las complicaciones mecanicas.

Objective Evaluation of the surgical management, outcome and complications in patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA nail. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients treated consecutively between April 2010 and February 2012. Radiological assessments were performed before and after the surgery, and during the follow-up (fracture reduction, blade position, consolidation or collapse signs). A clinical evaluation was performed as regards walking capabilities. The results were compared with those of a previous study on 700 patients treated with gamma 3 and TFN nails. Results The blade position was center–center in 64% of patients, and decreased to 53% in the mechanical complications group. Tip-apex distance was less than 25 mm in 91.5%. The average hospital stay was 9.17 days, with a mean post-surgery stay of 5.95 days. Complications (7.5%): 2 cut out (1%), one cut through (0.5%), 4 cases of helical blade sliding (2%), one failure in distal locking procedure (0.5%), 2 cases with painful fasciae latae (1%), one union delay (0.5%), 2 cases of non-union with hardware failure (1%), one case of intense bleeding related to distal locking of the nail (0.5%), and one case of avascular necrosis (0.5%). Conclusions The PFNA helical blade system seems to reduce the incidence of cut out and cut through in osteoporotic bone. Blade position was one of the main parameters associated with mechanical complications.

To evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid topical in cementless total hip arthroplasty from the point of view of bleeding, transfusion requirements and length of stay, and describe the complications of use compared to a control group.A prospective, randomised, double-blinded and controlled study including all patients undergoing cementless total hip arthroplasty in our centre between June 2014 and July 2015. Blood loss was estimated using the formula described by Nadler and Good.The final analysis included 119 patients. The decrease in haemoglobin after surgery was lower in the tranexamic acid group (3.28±1.13g/dL) than in the controls (4.03±1.27g/dL, P=.001) and estimated blood loss (1,216.75±410.46mL vs. 1,542.12±498.97mL, P.001), the percentage of transfused patients (35.9% vs. 19.3%, P.05) and the number of transfused red blood cell units per patient (0.37±0.77 vs. 0.98±1.77; P.05). There were no differences between groups in the occurrence of complications or length of stay.The use of topical tranexamic acid in cementless total hip arthroplasty results in a decrease in bleeding and transfusion requirements without increasing the incidence of complications.

Arthrodiastasis consists of the mobilisation of the hip while distracted by a hinged distractor. The aim of our study is to show the results of the treatment of late-onset Perthes disease with this technique in our institution.Ambispective review of all the cases that underwent this surgery in our Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics between 2010 and 2014 with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 8 years old, with minimal deformity, and poor prognosis. Mobility, pain, Trendelenburg sign, radiographic sphericity, and complications were assessed.A total of 13 patients (9 male, 4 female) were included. The mean age was 11.93 years. Radiographic risk signs were present in 7 cases. The mean decrease in pain measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery was 3.83 points (P.05). Cephalic sphericity was maintained in 11 cases during follow up (1.75 years). Complications were observed complications in 84.6% of the patients, with infection of the screw tract being the most frequent. All of them were easy to treat.Arthrodiastasis is a minimally invasive technique, useful in the treatment of late onset Perthes disease. It improves clinical results and maintains cephalic shape when applied in early stages. However, it is not free of complications, which can involve as many as 8 out of 10 patients treated with the technique.

Evaluation of the surgical management, outcome and complications in patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA nail.A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients treated consecutively between April 2010 and February 2012. Radiological assessments were performed before and after the surgery, and during the follow-up (fracture reduction, blade position, consolidation or collapse signs). A clinical evaluation was performed as regards walking capabilities. The results were compared with those of a previous study on 700 patients treated with gamma 3 and TFN nails.The blade position was centre-centre in 64% of patients, and decreased to 53% in the mechanical complications group. Tip-apex distance was less than 25mm in 91.5%. The average hospital stay was 9.17 days, with a mean post-surgery stay of 5.95 days. Complications (7.5%): 2 cut out (1%), one cut through (0.5%), 4 cases of helical blade sliding (2%), one failure in distal locking procedure (0.5%), 2 cases with painful fasciae latae (1%), one union delay (0.5%), 2 cases of non-union with hardware failure (1%), one case of intense bleeding related to distal locking of the nail (0.5%), and one case of avascular necrosis (0.5%).The PFNA helical blade system seems to reduce the incidence of cut out and cut through in osteoporotic bone. Blade position was one of the main parameters associated with mechanical complications.