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In the article, the authors presented information on the effect of heat stress on cows in the dry and postpartum periods. The study aims to study clinical and metabolic manifestations of heat stress in dry and fresh cows. The object of the study is cows of the early and late dry periods and new calves. The authors assessed the parameters of the microclimate of livestock premises, clinical examination of cattle, and blood sampling for hematological and biochemical studies. The authors also calculated the leukocyte index of intoxication, the shift index of blood leukocytes, and the lymphocytic index. Animals were found to have worsened general conditions, weakness, and reduced feed intake during the medical examination. An increase in body temperature (39.42±0.55 °C), tachypnea (86.45±8.04 resp.), and tachycardia (127.65±3.66 bpm) were also revealed. A hematological study revealed a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes and a shift in the indicators of the leukocyte formula. According to the results of the assessment of the lymphocytic index in cows during the dry period, the ratio of humoral and cellular immunity was balanced, and in new calves, an imbalance was observed. Biochemical screening of the blood serum of cows under conditions of heat stress showed significant changes in the metabolic profile against the background of a general decrease in feed intake. The content of total protein and globulins in the blood serum in the first days after calving was 68.36±3.48 (p≤0.01) and 35.36±3.89 g/l (p≤0.01), which is 16 .0 and 33.0% lower than in cows of the early dry period. Glucose and cholesterol levels progressively decreased after starting, reaching a minimum in the postpartum period (glucose - 3.14±0.59, total cholesterol - 2.18±0.55 mmol/l (p≤0.01)). The content of urea in the blood of animals increased significantly, reaching a maximum in the first days after calving - 7.44±1.48 mmol/l (p≤0.01). The authors also found an increase in the content of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase. Thus, heat stress leads to changes in the clinical and metabolic status of highly productive cows.

Modern diagnostic laboratory methods and application of biochemical parameters of blood will allow to determine the pathological process, determine its cause, degree of development, and prognosis. The introduction of these principles can be useful in the development and correction of health measures. The aim of this work is to identify pathognomonic metabolic signs of mycotoxicosis in cattle. In the work, highly productive cows, with clinical signs of intoxication syndrome were examined, and laboratory studies of feed confirmed the availability of metabolites of fungi.Metabolic parameters of the examined group of cows were studied in a comparative aspect with clinically healthy animals in this agricultural enterprise that were examined a year earlier.Conducted investigations have established that the use of feed, contaminated by toxic fungal metabolites leads to the development of symptoms in animals chronic toxemia.Clinical signs are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, and there is a decrease in milk production.The pathological changes that occur in toxemia lead to metabolic disturbances, which can be identified by laboratory diagnostic methods.The pathological process is accompanied by the appearance of severe form of acidosis, including renal tubular acidosis (a decrease in bicarbonate blood capacity, hyperchloremia, hyperphosphatemia, globulinemia, hypokalemia, hypercreatininaemia).Metabolic acidosis predetermines the violation of many types of metabolism, including protein, carbohydrate, mineral and lipid.The pathology of the hepato-biliary system of predominantly toxic etiology is a high percentage in the structure of diseases.Other important metabolic symptoms include the development of the inflammatory process (leukocytosis, an increase in the number of segmented neutrophils and circulating immune complexes), an increase in signs of allergization (eosinophilia, monocytophilia), as well as general intoxication (predominance of abnormal forms of erythrocytes, hypoglycemia).

Development of the technology bases of egg disinfection using surface irradiation is executed by the nanosecond electron beam. Experiments on shell eggs irradiation using the frequency nanosecond URT-0.5 accelerator were made. Determination of absorbed dose distributionwas executed. In case of irradiation by the electron beam with absorbed dose level 5 kGy, it is enough for the full disinfection of the surface and pores of egg shell. The absorbed dose in the egg at the expense of bremsstrahlung will not exceed 0.08 Gy which can't have essential action on protein. Irradiation of shell eggs batch in plastic package of 100 pieces pledged in an incubator together with an inspection lot of not irradiated egg was made. The percent of eggs deductibility and chickens survival of pilot and control batches were identical, indicating that there was no significant radio biological effect from irradiation of egg internal structures. The received chickens were grown up within the 5 weeks. It is established that the chickens who are grown up from the irradiated egg have no essential differences in development. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This work was performed within a support of the Russian Science No. 16-16-04038).

To investigate the initial radionuclide distribution along the soil profile, monolithic soil samples 5 cm thick were taken in June-September 1986 in areas which had been subjected to contamination due to the Chernobyl' accident. The samples taken were cut up into layers. The first layer, 0.5 cm thick, was cut off from the surface of the soil monolith together with the grass. The next layer cut off was alsoO.5 cm thick. Then two layers, each i cm in thickness, were cut off. The thickness of the last layer was 2 cm. The radionuclide contents were determined by ~-spectrometric and (for 9~ radiochemical analyses. Based on the radionuclide contents in the soil layers examined (except the surface layer), the least-squares method was used to determine the exponential dependency index and the Gauss function branch index for the change in radionuclide content with soil depth. Then the accumulation measured in the soil layers was compared with that calculated from the values obtained using the exponent and Gauss function branch indices. As the research performed has shown, the experimental values correspond better to an exponential dependency than to a Gauss function. The root-mean-square spread of experimental values relative to the exponential dependency in the majority of cases did not exceed 20%. Thus it may be considered that radionuclides which are not trapped by the soil surface and vegetation penetrate into the soil and that their content decreases exponentially with soil depth. This can be explained by the fact that radionuclides in a dissolved state are not sorbed instantly; they penetrate into the soil along with rainwater and are gradually sorbed by the soil This also leads to the change in radionuclide content with soil depth which has been observed.