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The problem of poverty of the UN is put forward in the category of the most urgent and acute world problems inherent in most countries. Poverty reduction is an important priority goal of the social policy of many countries, including Rus sia. Ways to reduce poverty are being sought, and national strategies are being developed to overcome this problem. In recent years, China has demonstrated success in the fight against poverty, is recognized as a world leader in terms of the results achieved in this direction.Aim. To study China’s experience in reducing mass poverty, which is significant for the social practices of other countries.Tasks. Analyze China’s public policies to reduce poverty, strategies in solving the problem, social programs, measures of social support for low-income categories of citizens in the social security system. Review the results achieved, as well as the tasks set by the country in this direction for the future.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach.Results. The results of the study of the state policy of China to reduce poverty as one of the most acute world problems are presented. The analysis made it possible to identify the state of the poverty problem in China in the dynamics over the past forty years, to highlight its features, scales and zones of concentration. The specifics of the modern strategic approach of the state policy of China both in the field of overcoming poverty and in the field of providing state social assistance to low-income categories of citizens are analyzed. The results of the analysis of the level of poverty in the country allow us to highlight the positive results achieved by the country to date.Conclusion. Conclusions are formulated about possible further difficulties in solving the problem of overcoming poverty in China due to the aging of the population and the growth of demographic disproportion in its composition.

Relevance. Assessment of the cardiovascular risk factors (RF) knowledge is important for the development of disease preventive programs. It is shown that awareness of the RF does not guarantee readiness for their correction, and there is a potential gap between intention and behavior. Ample evidence suggests that a physician’s commitment to a healthier lifestyle and RF control increases patient confi in his recommendations. Assessment of the subjective attitude to RF for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the readiness for their correction not only in patients, but also in doctors is an important task both for the health of the doctors themselves and indirectly for their future and current patients.Objective. To assess the subjective attitude to RF for the development of CVD and the readiness for their correction in doctors and patients of one medical organization.Design and methods. The study included 58 doctors and 55 patients who were consecutively hospitalized in different departments of the Medical Research and Education Center of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Doctors and patients of the cardiology department were not included in the study. All questions about CVD RF were open. The number of answers was not limited.Results. The analysis included 58 questionnaires of doctors and 52 questionnaires of patients. The median age of physicians was 37 [31; 48] years, among them 40 % were men. The median age of patients was 61 [49; 71] years, men — 42 %. Physicians expectedly showed higher awareness of various RF for CVD. They called an average of 4,9 ± 2,0 RF, and patients — 3,9 ± 1,6, but the difference was not significant. Physicians were more aware of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, malnutrition, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and stress as CVD RF (all p < 0,001), with more frequent patients, than physicians indicated smoking (67,3 % and 27,6 %, respectively, p < 0,001). Female physicians were statistically significantly less likely to report obesity (4,3 % and 25,7 %, respectively, p = 0,013). At the same time, they indicated hypertension more often than men (13,0 % and 2,6 %, respectively, p = 0,018). Physicians named one RF that threatened their own health more (p < 0,001). At the same time, physicians were willing to try to change less than half of these factors, while inpatients were determined to change two-thirds of the factors (45,9 % and 66,1 %, p = 0,012). Conclusions. The level of physicians’ awareness of CVD RF and readiness for change remains relatively low. To combat the growing burden of CVD in Russia, it is necessary to maximize the potential of not only cardiologists, but also doctors of other specialties, as channels of reliable information about health, develop and implement measures to increase awareness of the circumstances that contribute to the development of CVD, as well as tools for self-management of risks, not only among patients, but also among medical workers.

Purpose and objectives. The article analyzes the state support for families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and abroad. The purpose of the study was to study the opinion of families with children about state social support during the pandemic. Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated topic, systematization of measures to support families with children in the crisiscaused by the pandemic in different countries was carried out. In addition to the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature, a sociological study was conducted in the form of online surveys of families with children. Surveys were conducted in the period from June 2019 to March 2020 and from November 2020 to December 2020 (the total sample is 140 families). The theoretical and practical significance of the presented study is that it can become the basis for further study of measures of state support for families with children in crisis periods. The analysis actualizes the importance for the practice of international experience of measures of social support for families with children. Results and conclusions. The article analyzes the state support for families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and abroad. The study is of practical importance for the development and implementation of measures to support families with children by state and public organizations, which will prevent the deterioration of the financial situation of families.

Goal. The article analyzes new approaches in the state policy of Russia to reduce poverty. The essence of the social contract as a tool for solving issues of state social assistance to low-income families (citizens) and improving the level and quality of their life is revealed. The results of experimental activities of 21 regions on the introduction of a social contract in the practice of providing state assistance are considered.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated topic, the systematization of theoretical provisions and modern approaches is carried out on the basis of studying the works of various authors, regulatory documents of the federal and regional level, official statistics.Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the presented research consists in the concretization and systematization of modern strategic approaches of the state policy of Russia, both in the field of overcoming poverty and in the provision of state social assistance to low-income categories of citizens. These areas of state social policy have not yet been sufficiently studied by Russian science. The conducted analysis justifies the need for further improvement of state policy in this direction. The obtained materials allow us to highlight the positive results achieved by the regions to date and identify the ways that led to them, which can contribute to the further development of the state social policy to overcome poverty and the system of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the state policy of Russia to reduce the level of poverty of the population, as one of the most acute problems. The article shows new strategies in the state social policy, identifies its weaknesses and strengths.

Background. Orbitomaxillary resection includes exenteration of the orbital contents with resection of the inferior orbital and medial walls. The main goals are: reconstruction of soft tissue and bone structure defects, tamponade of the orbital cavity and/or its preparation for further ocular prosthetics, and reconstruction of the skull base defect. The purpose of the study to present the immediate results of orbitomaxillary resections in patients with malignant neoplasms of the skull base and midface. Material and methods. Between 2014 and 2020, 6 patients who previously underwent surgery for primary cancer (n=3) and recurrent cancer (n=3) were treated at the Head and Neck cancer department of N.N. Blokhin National medical Research center of oncology. To reconstruct defects after resection of bone structures (maxilla, frontal and nasal bones) and skin, a musculocutaneous alt-flap was used in 3 (50 %) cases and a fascial skin radial flap in 3 (50 %) cases. Results. The aesthetic result was assessed in 6 patients. In all cases, a satisfactory result was obtained. None of the patients who underwent resection of the dura mater followed by reconstruction had no symptoms of liquorrhea in the postoperative period. Conclusion. Flap selection depends on the defect size. In cases with a small defect size (up to 70 cm3), reconstruction with the radial fascial skin flap can be performed. If the defect size is more than 71 cm3, reconstruction with musculocutaneous alt flap can be the method of choice.

Article describes new original way of one-stage closure of upper jaw defects by using cutaneous-adiposal flap. The method is patented (patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2489096). We propose to use cutaneous-adiposal flap, mobilized in nasolabial furrow area, with axial pattern blood supply from angular artery and vein, by rotating to defect through buccal tonnel. This method allows to reliably eliminate upper jaw defect, improve functional and aesthetic results of treatment with minimal injuries caused by operation.Objective is to introduce new way of closure of upper jaw defects.

The objective of this work – to evaluate the results of reconstructive interventions using free revascularized tissue complexes of the scapular region in patients after maxillary resection for malignant tumors. Materials and methods. Between 2014–2020 the post-resection maxillary defects were replaced with free blood-sup plied flaps of the scapular region in 19 patients. In Group 1 (n = 10), the defect was eliminated after total maxillectomy with preservation of the eyeball using a “chimeric” tissue complex, parts of which were positioned in several planes. In Group 2 (n = 9), total and subtotal defects of the hard palate and alveolar process were replaced using a free flap with the inclusion of the scapula angle, which was placed horizontally. The functional and aesthetic results of the reconstructions, the degree of morphological correspondence of the reconstructed structures, as well as the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. Results. In Group 1 total necrosis of the flap was noted in 2 cases (20 %), in 1 (10 %) case – necrosis of the skin fragment). In Group 2 graft necrosis was observed in 1 (11 %) patient. Satisfactory and excellent aesthetic and functional results were achieved in 6 (60 %) patients in Group 1 and 8 (89 %) patients in Group 2. Conclusion. The scapular flap has a number of advantages for microsurgical reconstruction, including the presence of a long vascular pedicle with large vessels, inclusion of different tissues, possibility of harvesting a “chimeric” version (with significant mobility of parts), low rate of vascular lesions in the area, and most importantly, morphologically close location of bone tissue of the scapula to the maxilla, which ensures successful application of this flap for maxillary repair in patients with advanced cancer of the upper jaw.

Goals and objectives. The article analyzes the resources of support for families with disabled children living in the Leningrad region. There is substantial state support for this category of families, developing the potential of non-state support resources. The results of the government’s efforts to support families with children with disabilities, as well as the tasks set to be solved in the near and long term, are considered.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and complex approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches have been organized by studying the works of various authors, regulatory documents and official statistics.The theoretical and practical significance of the study is that it can be the basis for further study of social resources and life strategies of families with children with disabilities, their transformation. The analysis provides an opportunity to identify the problems of families with children with disabilities in Leningrad, actualizes the importance of state policy regarding these categories of families, both in the process of formation and in its implementation. The materials provide us with positive results achieved by the authorities of the Leningrad region and identify ways to further develop both state and non-state social support for families with children with disabilities in the region.Results and conclusions. The article presents the results of the research of the resources of state and non-state social support for families with children with disabilities in The Leningrad region. Conclusions have been drawn on the need to unite the efforts of state and non-state resources in this direction

Goals and objectives. The article analyzes the resources of support for families with disabled children living in the Leningrad region. There is substantial state support for this category of families, developing the potential of non-state support resources. The results of the government’s efforts to support families with children with disabilities, as well as the tasks set to be solved in the near and long term, are considered.Methods. The study used a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches have been organized by studying the works of various authors, regulatory documents and official statistics.The theoretical and practical significance of the study is that it can be the basis for further study of social resources and life strategies of families with children with disabilities, their transformation. The analysis provides an opportunity to identify the problems of families with children with disabilities in Leningrad, actualizes the importance of state policy regarding these categories of families, both in the process of formation and in its implementation. The materials provide us with positive results achieved by the authorities of the Leningrad region and identify ways to further develop both state and non-state social support for families with children with disabilities in the region.Results and conclusions. The article presents the results of the research of the resources of state and non-state social support for families with children with disabilities in The Leningrad region. Conclusions have been drawn on the need to unite the efforts of state and non-state resources in this direction.

Goals and objectives . The article is devoted to the issue of modernizing the Russian sphere of providing public social services to the population with a social service system using outsourcing technology. The problems inherent in traditional industry of the distribution of social order for the production of social services are highlighted. Approaches to the introduction of outsourcing technology into the provision of public services in the social services sector of the population have been analyzed. Methods. The study used a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches have been organized by studying the works of various authors, regulatory documents and official statistics. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to flesh out and organize modern strategic approaches of Russian state policy in the sphere of providing public services to the population with a social service system. This area of state social policy has not yet been sufficiently researched by the national science. The analysis provides an opportunity to reveal the extent of the solution to the problem of introducing outsourcing technology into the Russian practice of social services at the present stage, actualizes the importance of public policy on the development of public-private partnership in the provision of social services to the population. The results highlight the advantages and weaknesses of new approaches in the provision of public services based on outsourcing technology, which may further develop public policy in the provision of public services and social services. Results and conclusions . The article presents the results of a study of The Russian State Policy on the provision of public social services to the population. The peculiarities of the organization of the provision of public services by the system of social services on the basis of outsourcing technology are shown, and opportunities for developing partnership with SONKO in this direction are considered. The weak and strong sides of the state social policy to modernize the delivery of public social services have been revealed. Conclusions have been drawn on ways to improve the introduction of outsourcing technology into the practice of social services.

The paper demonstrates the possibility of determining of the elastic parameters of a railway roadbed from the results of seismic observations of vibrations generated by a passing train. The rationale for the monitoring method is obtained by analyzing our own experimental data and theoretical calculations with good agreement between theory and experiment. As the method part, we considered the requirements for seismic equipment and indicated the most suitable types (Trillium Compact-120s is the best), which can be located near the roadbed at a safe distance from it. Such a sensor with a suitable data logger and seismic data processing program can be included in the set of methods for state railway roadbed monitoring. These assessments of the resolution of the proposed method show that it is sufficiently sensitive to detect the deformation of soil properties at the early degradation stage, which is especially important for permafrost soils.

The contribution of magnetoelastic effects to the effective magnetic anisotropy of a three-layer film nanodisk (nonmagnetic metal/ferromagnet/nonmagnetic metal) was studied. The mechanical stresses at the lateral surface of the disk that are caused by two factors, i.e., unequal thermal expansion of layers and excess surface energy at the layers interfaces, were estimated. The case in which the contribution of magnetoelastic effects to the anisotropy is comparable with those of shape and crystalline anisotropies was discussed. It was shown that the main reason for the change in the local anisotropy field in the vicinity of a nanodisk edge was the mechanical stresses induced by the excess surface energy. The possible application of film nanodisks of nickel with a bilateral golden coating as “nanolancets” for noninvasive cell surgery of tumors was discussed.

The problem of propagation of a magnetic inhomogeneity in the form of a magnetic vortex near a defect simulated by a crystallite with uniaxial anisotropy has been solved theoretically. The defect (crystallite) is implanted into a homogeneous 2D ferromagnetic matrix. Apart from the anisotropy energy, the term responsible for the existence of a centrosymmetric potential is included into the total energy. For calculations, we have used the method of collective variables (Thiele equation). We have considered the variants of bidirectional and unidirectional anisotropy of the crystallite. Analysis of the equations of motion for different directions of the anisotropy axis of the implanted defect has revealed the variety in the behavior of the vortex core as a quasiparticle. The vortex core can be trapped by the defect with equilibrium position of the vortex at rest directly on the crystallite or during its motion at a certain distance from it. It is shown that for a small damping parameter and in the case when the defect anisotropy axis lies in the plane of the magnet, the vortex moves so as if its core experiences the action of the repulsive axially symmetric potential.

Goal and objectives. The article analyzes the state policy of Russia and China on poverty alleviation, conducted a comparative analysis of the strategy of the two countries in solving the problem, basic areas, social programs, measures, measures of social support for poor categories of citizens. The general and specific approaches of each. The results achieved are considered, as well as the objectives set by each country in this direction for the near and far term.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches were systematic on the basis of the study of the works of various authors, federal and regional regulatory documents, official statistics.Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to specify and organize the modern strategic approaches of the state policy of Russia and China, both in the sphere of poverty alleviation and in the provision of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens. These areas of state social policy of each country are not sufficiently researched by national science. The analysis provides an opportunity to identify the state of poverty in Russia and China, actualizes the importance of state policy to reduce poverty in each country, justifies the need for its further improvement in this direction. The findings highlight the positive results achieved by countries to date and identify the ways that have led to them, which can further promote public social policies to overcome poverty in each country and the system of state social assistance to the poor.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the state policy of Russia and China to reduce the poverty level of the population, as one of the most acute problems of both countries. The article shows the characteristics of poverty in each country, the scale and concentration of poverty, the trend of changing poverty in recent years as a result of the efforts of states and new strategies in public social policy. Weaknesses and strengths in the state social policy to overcome poverty in Russia and China have been identified. The lack of effectiveness of the organization of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens is justified. The conclusions are drawn on the versatility of ways to overcome poverty, the need to unite the efforts of all countries in this direction, the fruitfulness of the exchange of experience accumulated by different countries.

It was found that eye damage can be considered as a marker of neurosyphilis. Similar data regarding the diagnostic value of damage to the ears, nose and throat in patients with syphilis infected with human immunodeficiency virus are single. It was revealed that neurological symptoms in patients suffering from neurosyphilis are equally common in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and those not infected with this virus (42,2 and 44,7%, respectively). In other cases, the disease is asymptomatic. At the same time, specific damage to the eyes, ears, nose and throat is diagnosed in 57,8% of patients with neurosyphilis infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The structure of the specific damage to the ears, nose and throat in patients suffering from neurosyphilis infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is presented in 30,7% of cases with specific angina, in 15,3% - decrease in bone conduction, in 7,6% - hearing loss and in 46, 10% - other unspecified symptoms. The structure of the damage to the organ of vision was papillitis - 38,4%, anterior uveitis and panuveitis - 23,1 and 15,3%, respectively. Neuroveitis, retinal angiopathy, and peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy were equally common in 7,6%. For patients suffering from neurosyphilis infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, a combination of damage to the eyes, ears, nose and throat is characteristic. In particular, in one patient a combination of specific tonsillitis with papillitis was noted, in the other with uveitis. Thus, specific damage to the eyes, ears, nose and throat is characteristic of patients suffering from neurosyphilis infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

The effect of temperature impacts on the relaxation behavior of oriented plexiglass with a linear (AO-120 brand) and with partially cross-linked (AO-120C brand) structure has been studied. The shrinkage temperatures of oriented plexiglas at complete heating of the material have been determined experimentally. The basic characteristics of organic glasses of partially cross-linked and linear structure in undirected and oriented states are studied.

Aim. To study the features of determining different levels of dental anxiety in young people living in Tyumen. Materials and methods. This study involved 56 men and 205 women. The age of patients who sought dental care varied and averaged 23.7 ± 7.69 years. We used a search method, questionnaires, instrumental, clinical and statistical methods. Results. Analysis of the results of primary diagnostics for Korah showed that more than half (58.2%) of young people in Tyumen experience mental and physical discomfort of varying degrees of severity when contacting a dentist, which is generally assessed as a conditionally negative or negative attitude to dentistry. Conclusion. For the first time, a study of the causes of dental anxiety among the young population of Tyumen and the dominant negative behavior at a dental appointment was conducted.a high prevalence of various forms of dentophobia with a predominance in the structure of mild severity, especially depending on subjectively determined etiological factors, was revealed.

The topicality of the topic is connected with the growing role of culture in the state administration of Russia. According to the forecast of the long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030, culture is a priority area of state support to ensure the maximum possible access of citizens to cultural values and education in the sphere culture, as well as the preservation of works of culture and art. Museums, as objects of storage and demonstration of cultural values, are an integral part of cultural policy. The state policy in the museum area consists of financial support, provision of professional staff, improvement of the legal and regulatory framework, coordination of the activities of federal and regional authorities in relation to museums. Museums are a complex and specific area of public policy and governance, as each institution has different values in importance, different possibilities of self-financing. Therefore, it is impossible to apply the same criteria to all state museums that determine its effectiveness. The article examines the main models of state cultural and museum policy in the field of protection, disposal and use of cultural monuments, reveals the specifics of the legislative framework and organizational and economic support. The conclusions are drawn that the combination of centralized and decentralized management of the museum sphere, the elimination of the contradictions of the legal and legal framework in the museum and cultural sphere, the creation of a mutually beneficial mechanism of public-private partnerships will provide the most effective model of cultural and museum policy for the protection of cultural monuments.

Objective of research. The purpose of the research - monitoring the parasitic situation in the specially protected natural areas to identify natural foci of infestation and the infestation of wild animals. Materials and methods. In vivo and post-mortem helminthological studies of wildlife protected areas. Winter-spring monitoring of wild ruminants to determine the foci of infestation in the study areas. Description of habitats the definitive and intermediate hosts of parasites installed. Photo - and video-documentation and microscopy of material obtained by different methods of parasitological studies of the basic and intermediate hosts of parasites, statistical analysis of the obtained results and their analysis according to the literary sources. Results and discussion: The infestation of animals with helminths and protozoa ranged from 70 to 100%-ing. It should be noted that the intensity of infestation with eggs/ larvae/parasites oietai in 2016 has significantly increased in animals that live in the study natural areas. We associate this phenomenon with the fact that in 2014 we have conducted a preventive antiparasitic activities that led to significant reductions in infestation rate in 2015, but for 2016, they began to grow. In addition, the introduction of animals also affects the increase and accumulation of parasite beginning in natural habitats, causing the formation of parasitic foci. The helminths fauna of wild animals was dominated by nematodes. IE by helminths came up to 100%, of which the larger part was represented by intestinal Strongylata.

An algorithm for the landscape-ecological assessment of drylands is developed and implemented based on the integration of geosystem, ecological-landscape, and agro-ecological scientific approaches, as well as landscape planning tools. The algorithm includes an analysis of the landscape structure of the territory and land-use dynamics; assessment of the potential natural resistance of landscapes to agricultural impact and their agricultural production quality; functional zoning; and the development of optimization measures for land use. The results of the study showed that 92% of the territory of the Russian-Kazakhstan border zone is represented by landscapes with poor or no resistance to agricultural impact. Landscapes with low values of agricultural production quality constitute 73% of agricultural land. Landscapes of good and medium agricultural production quality make up 19% and are located on flat interfluves. Recommendations for sustainable land use in the zone of dry steppes are proposed based on the identified landscape differentiation.

The periodic motion of the interacting vortex domain walls in a pair of nanostripes has been theoretically investigated. As a model, two parallel nanostripes with magnetization inhomogeneities in the form of magnetic vortices have been examined. The magnetic subsystems of the stripes are magnetostatically coupled. The quasi-elastic coupling between vortices ensures the existence of normal modes of the periodic magnetization motion. The frequencies of these modes have been calculated. It is shown that not any combination of the vortex topological charge leads to the resonant behavior of magnetization in ac fields. The effect of the static component of a magnetic field on the frequency of the periodic motion of vortex domain walls is discussed.

Purpose: to identify the main environmental problems in areas of intensive use of irrigated lands in Western Siberia and to study the relationship between their manifestations and the territorial specifics of the irrigation land use functioning. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach and comparative geographical analysis. The indicators characterizing the modern structure and territorial specifics of irrigated land use, and parameters reflecting the ecological state of irrigated lands and adjacent territories are studied. Discussions. It was found that the specifics of the identified environmental problems depends not only on type of irrigated lands use but also on the territorial differentiation of irrigated land use and its specialization. For suburban areas with potato and vegetable growing specialization, environmental problems arising as a result of higher intensification of irrigation land use and the proximity effect of Western Siberia metropolis have been identified, which predetermines a high degree of environmental pollution and a high level of land and water resources degradation. For areas with livestock specialization, located in the peripheral and most arid natural and climatic conditions, a great dependence of environmental problems on the irrational structure of irrigation land use and non-observance of norms and technologies for irrigation has been established. Conclusions. For better understanding of the environmental problems causes, it is necessary to study the relationship between their manifestations and the territorial specifics of the irrigation land use functioning. The results of this study can contribute to the search for ways of reducing the irrigation impact on the environment and the development of effective strategies for the sustainable development of irrigation land use in Western Siberia.

The new algorithm for assessment of spatial organization balance of the agricultural land usage on frontier dry steppe territories of Russia and Kazakhstan is developed. Land usage strategy is developed based on this algorithm.

In Russia, along with many other countries, the state and international institutions have established regions of outstanding universal value, which are World Heritage Sites. They are regulated based on the World Heritage Convention, e.g., Lake Baikal, the Volcanoes of Kamchatka, and the Golden Mountains of Altai. These special regions require long-term legal, institutional, and economic instruments to achieve their purpose. Among the most complex objectives is to improve the functioning of the instruments for the protection and conservation of unique natural complexes as a core life-sustaining condition of the country and the world. In December 1996 Lake Baikal was recognized as a World Heritage Site as approved at the session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Since then, the Russian Federation bears a legal, economic, and moral obligation in front of the world community to preserve the value of the lake. The existing Federal Law On Protecting Lake Baikal is the only Russian Federal law adopted with respect to a specific natural site.

The sellar joint plays a key role in wrist function ensuring thumb contraposition when gripping. Lesions of sellar joint are accompanied by pain syndrome and deformity of the first metacarpal which substantially affects life quality of the patients. The authors carried the analysis of literature dedicated to surgical treatment of degenerative lesions of trapeziometacarpal joint. The present review describes features of joint anatomy and biomechanics, reports the key factors contributing to disease progression, covers various approaches and criteria for selection of surgical options for reconstruction of sellar joint.

The choice of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant diseases – coronary heart disease (CHD), including acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in history, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is discussed in the article. The overall mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with CHD and AF is higher than in patients with AF without CHD. Patients with AF and PAD compared to patients with AF without PAD have higher risks both stroke and systemic embolism. The prescription of triple antithrombotic therapy is necessary for patients with a combination of AF and CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (in ACS or elective surgery). The possibility of prescription and duration, the choice of specific drugs and their doses should be determined individually, based on the risks of ischemic events associated with stenting, the risk of ischemic stroke and bleeding. Use of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) instead of vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin), low doses of NOAC, studied in trials and proven efficacy in the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism, the use of clopidogrel as a drug of choice from the P2Y12 inhibitor group, the use of low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the routine administration of drugs from the proton pump inhibitor group is recommended to minimize the risk of bleeding. The data of subanalysis of the ARISTOTEL randomized clinical trial, indicating a high profile of efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with AF, depending on the presence of CHD, PAD, concomitant use of ASA, are also presented in the article. The benefits of apixaban over warfarin for reducing the risk of stroke/systemic embolism, total mortality and the risk of bleeding in a subgroup of CHD patients are just as obvious as in the general population of the ARISTOTLE study, and in the subgroup of patients without CHD. Treatment with apixaban, both in the subgroup of patients taking ASA, and a subgroup of patients without ASA, is accompanied by a lower risk of strokes and systemic embolism and a lower incidence of major bleeding. The risk of stroke or systemic embolism was similar in patients with AF and PAD randomized to the apixaban group or to the warfarin group, as well as in patients with AF without PAD. Patients with AF and PAD who received apixaban or warfarin had a similar incidence of major bleeding or clinically significant minor bleeding.

Aim. To assess the changes in hemocoagulation parameters according to the grade of renal dysfunction in elderly patients with cardiorenal syndrome types II and IV.Material and methods. In 56 patients of the elderly age group (mean age 78±10 y.o.), with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure, the parameters of blood clotting were assessed and the relations with kidney dysfunction grade measured by the level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Patients were selected to 3 groups. In 47 (83,9%) there was decline of GFR 60 mL/min/1,73 m2, with no signs of proteinuria (16,1%). All patients underwent coagulological assessment of the blood with measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time, international normalized ratio and fibrinogen concentration, as the complete blood count with platelet number, mean platelet volume, thrombocyte distribution width, and thrombocrit.Results. The number of platelets did differ significantly in groups 1 and 3 (p=0,040), as 2 and 3 (p=0,007). Thrombocrit values did differ significantly only in 2 and 3 (p=0,029). In the group 3 the rate of the mentioned values was below the respective reference values. Fibrinogen levels did differ significantly in groups 1 and 3 (p=0,042), and 2 and 3 (p=0,037). In the group 3 the parameter was higher than upper limit of reference range. Correlation found for GFR and fibrinogen level (r=-0,425; p=0,004), for GFR and platelet number (r=0,271; p=0,049). The platelet number correlated with creatinine level (ρ=-0,392; p=0,004). Creatinine level also correlated with fibrinogen level (ρ=0,375; p=0,012).Conclusion. In the elderly, with the decline of GFR there is decline of thrombocyte number and increase of fibrinogen concentration together with an increase of the severity of kidney dysfunction. The pathological changes that were found might probably serve as additional factor influencing the risk of adverse events related to disorder of blood clotting. The importance of the revealed relations, as the aimfulness for clinical application, should be evaluated in controlled studies.

The collective magnetization motion in an array of magnetostatically interacting ferromagnetic square elements is studied theoretically and experimentally. Dispersion laws are obtained for collective modes for some particular cases of the distribution of the topological charges π T of magnetic vortices in particles. Resonance curves are plotted with allowance for dissipation for various values of π T . An experimental investigation of the ferromagnetic resonance in a two-dimensional array of particles qualitatively supports the calculation results.

It is described how, based on theoretical concepts of orientation phenomena in polymers, the technology of orientation of aviation organic glasses with high physicomechanical properties and durability in operation was developed and widely implemented in the industry for the fi rst time in VIAM. Organic glass AO-120 has become the main glazing material for many aircraft. The restoration of the production of aviation organic glasses during the crisis of the late 90s and the creation of AO-120A glass with higher physicomechanical and optical properties are described.

In this paper, the problem of a magnetic vortex motion in a field of extended linear inhomogeneity is solved theoretically. The motion parameters are calculated by the method of collective variables (Thiel’s equation) with the vortex effective mass and the third-order gyrovector. On the basis of the equation of motion, the influence of the core mass and the third-order gyrovector on the character of the vortex motion as a quasiparticle is analyzed. Using the method of magnetostatic charges, analytical expressions are obtained for the effective potentials where the vortex core is located: (a) near the edge of the magnet or at the boundary of different magnetic phases, (b) near the linear inhomogeneity of local anisotropy (bidirectional and unidirectional). The solution of the equation of motion made it possible to obtain the trajectories of the core in various physical situations. In addition, the paper discusses the features of the Hall effect for vortices/skyrmions, which are provided by the inertial properties and a third-order gyrovector. It is shown that when the core of a linear inhomogeneity crosses a unidirectional anisotropy or the boundary of magnetic phases, a curvature of the trajectory is observed, which is similar to the refraction of light at the boundary of optically dissimilar environment. It is important to note that the introduction of the mass and gyroscopic effect of the third order in the equation of motion showed that the motion of the vortex, even in a homogeneous potential, is not translational. In this case, the trajectory is an overlay of cycloids of different rotation frequencies (analytical expressions are obtained for the frequencies). It is shown that, the introduction of the mass and the gyroscopic term of the third order, the motion of the vortex core cannot be considered translational at least during the time of the transition mode until the stationary mode of motion takes place.

The authors consider contemporary western and Russian classifications of regional political regimes and their applicability for Russia. Based on the analysis of political theories, the authors chose the traditional typology of regional political regimes focusing on the minimalist interpretation of democracy (electoral competition) and methods for identifying regional scenarios introduced by V.Ya. Gelman. The authors study the case of the Irkutsk Region as a region with conflicting elites, in which in a short period several regional heads were replaced. Based on the contemporary political history, the authors analyze the regional political regime using the following criteria: democracy/autocracy, consolidation/oligo-poly, compromise/conflict relations within the ruling elite. The results of the analysis prove the existence of checks and balances in the political system of the Irkutsk Region. Such a system restrains strong politicians attempts to monopolize the political power in the region. When any political player gains too much influence, other centers of power unite against him and together return the situation to the status quo. The political regime of the Irkutsk Region ensures a relatively high level of political competition, at the same time it is a part of the uncompetitive political regime of the Russian Federation, therefore it is a ‘hybrid democracy’. The authors’ analysis of intra-elite relations in the region revealed a high predisposition to conflicts with the dominant scenario of ‘war of all against all’.