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The main task of the transport system is the most complete satisfaction of the needs of business entities and the population in transportation, reducing the time of delivery of goods and transportation of passengers on the basis of a qualitative increase in the capacity of the entire transport system. This problem is solved with the help of computer technology and new information technologies in transport management systems. The most demanded is the database technology implemented in modern automated transport management information systems. Given the exponential growth in the volume of databases used, strict time limits for real-time management decisions in transport management systems, the task of minimizing the time to execute information queries in the database is of particular relevance. The execution time of information requests is infl uenced by the methods of physical storage of databases. To solve the problem of minimizing the execution time of information requests, it is necessary to determine the physical parameters that affect the efficiency of database processing. An external memory simulation model is described for optimizing the physical parameters of database organization, based on the exchange procedures implemented in modern database management systems between external and operational memory upon information requests. As a key optimization parameter, a memory block reservation factor is substantiated, which allows minimizing the number of slow accesses to external memory. The rationality and adequacy of the proposed model in the process of research is confirmed by the results of simulation modeling.

The interdisciplinary approach is recognized as the gold standard for organizing medical care for patients with oncological pathology. It is declared at the normative level in Ukraine, but the forms and methods of work, channels and methods of communication of specialists are not detailed. This requires further research, in particular, when providing surgical care to patients with thyroid pathology. The purpose of the study was to investigate the state of activity organization of multidisciplinary teams in the provision of surgical care to patients with thyroid pathology and to propose approaches for its improvement. Materials and methods: accounting forms No. 003 for 2019 (1208 units), constituent and administrative documents for the institution, department regulations, job descriptions, clinical pathway of patients (15 units in total). The base of research was communal non-profit enterprise "Kiev City Clinical Endocrinological Center". The methods, which were used, are systematic approach, medical and statistical, medical and geographical methods, content analysis, graphic. Results and discussion. Patients of the Department of Endocrine Surgery were from almost all regions of Ukraine. 3.5% of patients were referred by a general practitioner, 55.7% - by an endocrinologist, 40.1% - independently applied. Malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland was detected in 33.9% of patients, non-toxic multinodular goiter – in 25.2%, benign neoplasm – in 16.3%. In 448 (37.1%) patients, 687 concomitant diseases and complications were identified. Their structure consisted of diseases of the heart and circulatory system – 40.0%, eye diseases – 3.1%, diseases of the nervous system – 2.0%. In order to meet the needs of patients, instrumental and laboratory studies, consultative examinations, consultations and surgical interventions were carried out. The low level of communication between inpatient doctors and outpatient doctors has been shown. This was the reason for the excessive length of stay in bed – 12.6 ± 2.7 days. There is a separate participation of specialist doctors in accompanying patients in the hospital. It was proposed to formalize the official status and develop a typical provision for a multidisciplinary team of specialists; joint discussion, debate, data exchange within the team and with outpatient doctors; afford access to corporate information for the team and coordinate the work of authorized employees. Conclusion. Improving the efficiency of multidisciplinary teams is possible by strengthening collaboration within the team and communication with outpatient doctors

This study was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity between cultivars of alfalfa using SRAP marker system (sequence-related amplified polymorphism). We tested 25 combinations of SRAP markers and revealed that seven of them were informative for DNA polymorphism identification. These combinations generated 129 PCR products with the percentage of polymorphic bands per pair ranging from 21 to 50%. Specific amplification products were identified for 14 cultivars for genetic certification.

The needs of the population in endocrinological care are determined by demographic data, morbidity levels, and leading places in their structure, as well as for other pathologies. This indicates their social significance and needs for medical care. It was found that diseases of the endocrine system accounted for 0.4% of the total mortality of the capital in 2020. Their share was significantly lower than diseases of the circulatory system (61.4%), digestive system (4.2%), respiratory system (2.3%), genitourinary system (0.6%), and malignant neoplasms (15.4%). , diseases caused by the COVID-19 virus (6.5%), injuries and poisonings (3.6%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (1.2%). At the same time, from 2013 to 2020 the mortality rate from endocrine diseases showed a steady trend of moderate growth from 3.8 in 2013 to 5.4 in 2020. Mortality from diabetes was the highest among other pathologies in this class of diseases and increased from 3.4 to 4.9 per 100 thousand population during this period.

We have obtained a new water-soluble form of boron(III) dipyrromethene luminophores using the example of 3,3',5,5'-tetraphenyl-ms-aza-2,2'-dipyrromethenate boron(III) (BODIPY) and Cremophor® (polyethylene glycol, PEG-40). The results of a study of the spectral-luminescent properties of the studied BODIPY–Cremophor®–aqueous–alcohol medium system are presented. It is found that Cremophor® is the only one of a series of investigated excipients (PEG-400, PEG-1000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, bovine serum albumin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose) providing solubilization of BODIPY in an aqueous medium, while maintaining its intense spectral characteristics, including fluorescence and luminophore, in the red region of the spectrum. The BODIPY–Cremophor® system is tested on two mouse cell lines: metastatic breast cancer and non-metastatic skin cancer. It is shown that the introduction of the BODIPY–Cremophor® system into both cell lines of mice leads to the detachment of cell cultures from the substrate and suppression of the development of cancerous tumors. The results obtained show that immobilization of BODIPY in PEG-40 in an aqueous-alcoholic medium makes it possible to obtain preparations with prolonged action, which can be used as photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy and for bioimaging in cell biology.

The spectral luminescent and electrophysical properties of polymer films based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone with the stabilized derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin in various aggregation states (monomers, J- and H-aggregates) were investigated. Films containing a monomolecular form of porphyrins are characterized by intensive fluorescence. For films with J-aggregates an electric response that was not practically observed in the case of H-aggregates was detected. The films obtained are also characterized by optical and electric response to pH change, particularly in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen chloride vapors. The obtained data allow polymeric films with immobilized porphyrins to be considered as potential material for the creation of film systems for sensor applications, photovoltaics, molecular electronics, and photocatalysis. The variability of the film synthesis methodology allows the aggregation state of the immobilized porphyrins to be changed directionally, which provides the possibility of obtaining films of hybrid organic materials with the desired photophysical properties.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and turnip rape (B. rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.)) are important agricultural plants widely used for food, fodder and technical purposes and as green manure. Over the past decades, a large number of perspective varieties that are being currently cultivated in every region of Russia have been developed. To increase the breeding eff iciency and facilitate the seed production, modern molecular-genetic techniques should be introduced as means to estimate species and varietal diversity. The objective of the presented research study was to investigate DNA polymorphism of the rapeseed and turnip rape varieties developed at Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology and detect informative markers for varietal identif ication and genetic certif ication. To genotype 18 gDNA samples, 42 and 25 combinations of respective SSR and SRAP primers were used. The results obtained demonstrate that SRAP markers were more effective for polymorphism analysis: 36 % of the tested markers revealed genetic polymorphism compared with only 16.7 % of microsatellite loci. Molecular markers to detect differences at interspecif ic and intervarietal levels have also been found. For the investigated set, such microsatellite loci as Na12A02, Ni2C12, Ni02-D08a, Ra02-E01, Ni03H07а and SRAP-marker combinations as F13-R9, Me4- R7, F11-Em2, F10-R7, F9-Em2 and F9-R8 proved to be informative. Application of the two marker techniques made it possible to detect a higher level of DNA polymorphism in plants of different types (spring and winter varieties) if compared against the intervarietal differences within a species or a group. According to Nei's genetic diversity index, in the cluster of winter rapeseed, VIK 2 and Gorizont varieties had the longest genetic distance, and in the spring cluster, these were Novosel and Veles. A high level of similarity was found between Vikros and Bizon winter rapeseed varieties. The results obtained have a high practical value for varietal specif ication of seed material and genetic certif ication of rapeseed and turnip rape varieties.Рапс (Brassica napus L.) и сурепица (B. rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.)) – важные сельскохозяйственные культуры, широко используются для продовольственных, кормовых и технических целей, а также в качестве сидератов. За последние десятилетия создано большое количество перспективных сортов, культивируемых практически во всех регионах России. Для повышения эффективности селекционного процесса и успешного развития семеноводства необходимо внедрять современные молекулярно-генетические методы оценки видового и сортового разнообразия. Цель настоящей работы заключалась в изучении ДНК-полиморфизма сортов рапса и сурепицы селекции Федерального научного центра кормопроизводства и агроэкологии им. В.Р. Вильямса и выявлении информативных маркеров для сортовой идентификации и генетической паспортизации. Для генотипирования 18 образцов геномной ДНК использовали 42 и 25 комбинаций SSR- и SRAP-праймеров соответственно. Результаты показали, что маркеры SRAP более эффективны для анализа полиморфизма изучаемого материала: 36 % от общего числа испытанных маркеров демонстрировали генетический полиморфизм, тогда как для микросателлитных локусов этот показатель равнялся 16.7 %. Определены молекулярные маркеры для выявления различий на межвидовом и межсортовом уровнях. Информативными для исследуемой выборки сортов оказались микросателлитные локусы Na12A02, Ni2C12, Ni02-D08a, Ra02-E01, Ni03H07а и комбинации SRAP-маркеров F13-R9, Me4-R7, F11-Em2, F10-R7, F9-Em2 и F9-R8. Анализ сортового материала по двум системам маркирования показал более высокий уровень ДНК-полиморфизма у образцов растений разного типа развития (яровой/озимый) в сравнении с различиями между сортами в пределах вида или группы. Согласно индексам генетического разнообразия Нея, в кластере сортов озимого рапса наибольшей генетической удаленностью выделялись ВИК 2 и Горизонт, среди яровых – Новосёл и Велес. Высокий уровень сходства обнаружен между яровыми сортами рапса Викрос и Бизон. Полученная информация имеет практическое значение для контроля сортовой принадлежности и генетической паспортизации семенного материала сортов рапса и сурепицы.

New hybrid graphene and aluminum phthalocyanine structures are synthesized (graphene is prepared with the sonochemical method in N,N-dimethylformamide). The physicochemical properties of these hybrid systems are studied with transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. We show that graphene in the system prevents the aggregation of aluminum phthalocyanine and leads to its stabilization in monomeric form. The results may be used to obtain new materials for various sciences and technologies.

Aim. To develop the optimal method for the synthesis of new polysubstituted thienylpyrroles and study them as cereal growth stimulants. Results and discussion. Preparative methods for the synthesis of 4-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-carboxylic acid and ethyl 4-(4-amino-5)-thoxycarbonyl (thiophen-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate have been developed by step reactions. 4-(5-Carboxythiophen-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is the most promising for the study of the growth-stimulating activity on grain seeds. Experimental part. Using ethyl 4-acyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate and ethyl 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyl- 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate as starting compounds 4-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic and 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl) 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-carboxylic acid were obtained. By the action of the Wilsmeier-Haack reagent on the latter the corresponding pyrroles with the chlorvinylcarbaldehyde fragment were isolated; their post-cyclization with ethyl ester of thioglycolic acid and the subsequent hydrolysis leads to the formation of thienylpyroldicarboxylic acids. The study of the physiological activity of the compounds synthesized was performed on seeds of different varieties of wheat and barley. Conclusions. By means of sequential reactions the polysubstituted thienylpyrrolcarboxylic acids previously unknown and their esters have been synthesized. The features of the study of these compounds as plant growth stimulants have been revealed.

This article shows the importance of studying history of medicine and importance of language training as an essential component of broadening of universal cultural and medical outlook of prospective doctors, upbringing of high moral ethical qualities inherent to a contemporary doctor. The authors of the article propose measure on improving teaching of these disciplines. Важливість вивчення історії медицини та мовної підготовки для розвитку професійних компетенцій студентів-медиків. Семенова Л.С., Клименко І.М. Ця стаття розкриває значення вивчення історії медицини та значення мовної підготовки як важливого компонента розширення загальнокультурного і медичного кругозору майбутніх лікарів, виховання в них високих морально-етичних якостей, які повинні бути притаманні сучасному лікарю. Автори статті пропонують заходи щодо вдосконалення викладання цих дисциплін студентам-медикам.

Purpose. A goal of the work is development of 3D numerical model for a territorial risk assessment in a case of a terrorist attack with usage of a chemical agent. Methodology. To describe the process of chemical agent dispersion in the atmosphere, emitted in a case of a terrorist attack, the equation of mass transfer of an admixture in atmospheric air is used. The equation takes into account a velocity of the wind flow, atmospheric diffusion, an intensity of chemical agent emission, a buildings presence near a place of a chemically hazardous substance release. For numerical integration of the modeling equation, a finite difference method is used. A feature of the developed numerical model is possibility of a territorial risk assessment in a case of a terrorist attack under different weather conditions and a buildings presence. For calculation of wind flow velocity field in a case of building presence 3D equation for potential of velocity is used. Findings . The specialized numerical model and software package which can be used for a territorial risk assessment, both in a case of terrorist attacks with usage of chemical agents, and in a case of extreme situations at chemically hazardous facilities and transport are developed. The method can be implemented on small and medium-powered computers, which allows it to be widely used for solving this class of problems. The results of a computational experiment are presented that allow estimating possibilities of the proposed method for assessing a territorial risk in a case of a terrorist attack with usage of chemical agent. Originality. An effective method of a territorial risk assessment in a case of a terrorist attack with usage of a chemically hazardous substance is proposed. The method can be used to assess a territorial risk in an urban environment, which allows to obtain adequate data about possible affected areas. The method is based on numerical integration of the fundamental mass transfer equation, which expresses the law of conservation of mass in a liquid medium. Practical value. The proposed method for a territorial risk assessment in a case of a terrorist attack with usage of a chemical agent can be used to calculate the affected areas near administrative buildings, centers and other socially significant facilities.

The effect of the filler content on the optical absorption spectra, electroconductivity, and surface morphology of thin nanoocomposite films based on poly(n-xylylene)–tin (PPX–Sn) has been studied. The films under study are prepared in vacuum by cryochemical synthesis on polished quartz, glass-ceramics, and silicon substrates. After completing the preparation, the samples are exposed to air for some time prior to measurements. With an increase in the filler content, a nonmonotonic change in both surface morphology of films (by atomic force microscopy) and adsorption spectra is found. An analysis of the spectra shows that, at the filler concentration C ≤ 9 vol %, tin in the composite is in the oxidized form of SnO2, while at C = 12 vol % it is in a metal state, respectively. With an increase in C from 4 to 12 vol %, the increase in conductivity of nanocomposites is more than 7 decimal orders, with a sharp change in the region of C ≈ 9–12 vol %. The conductivity of the film consisting of nanoparticles (C = 100 vol %) is found to be low and comparable with that for composites with C = 4–5 vol %. With a decrease in the temperature from 300 to 15 K, the resistance of the sample with C = 12 vol % is found to decrease, while that for all other samples increases by the activation law. The activation energy with an increase in the filler concentration to 9 vol % is found to decrease, while that for the sample with C = 100 vol % increases by almost an order of magnitude. The most significant changes in the properties and morphology of the surface of nanocomposites are observed at a concentration of ~9 vol %, which apparently is the percolation threshold.

Using the SCoT marker system, 8 varieties of cereal grasses belonging to 5 species were analyzed: Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra, Festulolium. Of the 10 tested SCoT markers, 7 informative markers were selected that reveal interspecies genetic polymorphism. According to the results of the analysis, DNA profiles characteristic of each studied species were obtained, and primers allowing to detect intervarietal differences for subsequent identification and molecular genetic passportization were selected.

The conditions for creating alfalfa samples MN-2 (from the Selena variety) and P-67 (from the Lugovaya variety) with increased resistance to Fusarium pathogens using the method of gamete selection are described. The method is based on the selection of gametes in vivo under the influence of a selective factor (culture filtrate) introduced into the generative organs at the early stages of their development using vacuum infiltration. The method was developed in the biotechnology department of the V.N. V.R. Williams. The accessions are included in the breeding process and are currently the accessory varieties. In order to identify differences at the genetic level between the created varieties and the original forms, a comparative analysis was carried out using 2 types of molecular markers based on the PCR method. DNA polymorphism was detected using SRAP primers, which may indicate a change in the structure of genes associated with economic and biological traits. Research is ongoing. When growing under the conditions of a selection and greenhouse complex of acid-tolerant plants of meadow clover, created using cellular technologies in vitro, the infestation by powdery mildew of 120 acid-tolerant plants was studied. No signs of damage were found in 10% of plants. The largest number of affected plants (36.7%) had a score of 3. It was found that a high infestation with powdery mildew (scores 4 and 5) significantly reduces the number of inflorescences in the bush to 83.4 and 75.7%, respectively. Therefore, in further studies to create a population of acid-tolerant plants, the genotypes of meadow clover were used without signs and with a low score of powdery mildew damage.

The present study was undertaken to investigate and characterize the structure, the electrical conductivity in the temperature range 10-300 K, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data and micro-Raman spectroscopy data of pitch-based graphite fibers during the bromination process. All the results are explained by the structural changes, the appearance of bromine in two main states, namely, as an intercalated bromine and as a bromine bound to the carbon network by a C-Br bond, by the degradation of graphite network and by the growth of the content of the amorphous phase during the bromination.

The spectral-fluorescent properties of various supramolecular systems based on chlorin e6 (Ce6) are determined to facilitate the development of new medicines for photodynamic therapy and diagnostics. The effect of various excipients, such as poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), chitosan, Triton X-100 (TX-100), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), and poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) chloride (PDDAC), on the optical absorption and fluorescence of Ce6 is demonstrated. In the Ce6−PVP, Ce6−PEG, Ce6−BSA, Ce6−TX-100, Ce6−SHMP, and Ce6−PDDAC systems, Ce6 molecules are disaggregated and complexes thereof with excipients are formed. The quantum yield of Ce6 fluorescence in supramolecular systems is close to that of the free-form photosensitizer, in the absence of excipients. The results suggest that supramolecular complexes of Ce6 are promising for the development of medicines with controllable photodynamic activity.

Globalization processes accelerate the pace of scientific and technological progress and innovation and require investment in innovation to enhance the efficiency of the national economy of our state and some of its branches, inter–industry complexes and sub–complexes at the level of developed countries. The article examines the current state of investment in agriculture of Ukraine. The main criteria to encourage capital investment taking into account regional peculiarities capital investment in agriculture. The necessity of attracting external sources of investment in the future to enhance investment processes in agriculture. Thus, the study of the current situation of investment activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and structural analysis of sources of investment in agriculture, to determine that the trend of improving investment for 2010–2014., Changed deterioration in 2015 and complication of financing conditions from their own field investment. So one of the essential ways to increase the competitiveness of the industry is an effective investment policy aimed at attracting large–scale foreign investment sources, especially through financial investment. Addressing these and other issues will significantly increase investment flows and rational use of funds in the industry.

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is: (1) the definition of perspectives development of Ukrainian railway tourism on the narrow gauge lines of Zakarpattia; 2) technical condition analysis of Borzhava narrow gauge railway for the project to restore the effective functioning of mountain railways track, width 750 mm in the Carpathian region, with the possibility of their accession to the distributed travel network; 3) the study of the modern state and tendencies of development of tourist industry of Ukraine and the passenger economy of national railways; 4) clarification of the role and place of the railway tourism in the transportation system. Methodology . The expert group has carried out field inspections and field investigations of facilities track facilities and passenger infrastructure, rolling stock and ancillary industries involved in the functioning narrow-gauge railway. It was estimated the overall technical condition of the railway track and engineering structures section of narrow-gauge Railways in the Carpathian region. Findings . In the framework of on-site examinations of the expert group found that the objects of tracks, passenger and freight infrastructure, rolling stock and ancillary industries involved in the operation of narrow-gauge Railways are in poor condition and require significant updates and major repairs. But the routes of passenger trains remain fit for participation in the project of development of railway tourism of Ukraine Originality . For the first time the state of the narrow-gauge railway for further implementation of the project on the development of rail tourism in Ukraine was realized. The analysis of foreign experience of organization of railway tourism has been carried out. The modern state and tendencies of development of tourist industry of Ukraine was studied, the factors of competitiveness of rail transport for providing tourist transport in Ukraine were identified and systematized. Practical value . The recovery and effective functioning of mountain railways with a width of 750 mm in the Carpathian region will give an impetus to the tourism development, engineering, construction and energy. At the same time, these actions will allow us to finally implement a scientifically-based effective flood control measures that will protect the population from natural environmental disasters.

A geometric approach to revealing the characteristic signs of photoresponse from semiconductor sensor materials is presented. It is shown by the example of zinc chalcogenides that natural decomposition of the transient photoresponse into geometrically ordered components is performed upon transforming their transient photoresponse into first-order and second-order signatures. Universal differential-geometric parameters and other indices, which are also applicable for other characteristics of semiconductor sensor materials, are applied for the system analysis of ordering the dynamic structure of the photoresponse.

The history and development of the Department of Physiology of Tomsk State University (now the Department of Normal Physiology, Siberian State Medical University) and the main results and continuity of physiological functions of the digestive system doctrine has been presented.

It is shown that the photophysical properties of chlorophyll a (Chl) depend on the nature and relative amounts of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Photoinduced charge separation occurs in aqueous ethanol solutions of Chl (1 × 10−5 M) and NADP (5 × 10−6–5 × 10−4 M), resulting in the dynamic quenching of Chl fluorescence. Coordination interaction between Chl and NADP is established at an NADP concentration of ≥5 × 10−4 M. The nonlinear Stern-Volmer dependence in this range is due to the input from static quenching. It is shown that the quenching of Chl fluorescence in an MNQ solution at Chl and MNQ concentrations of 1 × 10−5 M and 6.7 × 10−5–1 × 10−4 M, respectively, is described by a linear dependence in the Stern-Volmer coordinates; no complex formation is observed for Chl and MNQ under these conditions, and electron transfer is of the dynamic type. Static or mixed-type energy transfer from MNQ to Chl dominates at elevated MNQ concentrations.

Purpose . Clarification of safety criteria of the wheels derailment from the rails using either the lateral or the directing force. Methodology . Technique is connected with the analysis of safety criteria expressions of the wheels derailment from the rails, which use the lateral or the directing force in the position of limit equilibrium of the system, as well as with the analysis of expressions for the coefficient of stability from the wheels derailment from the rails when using the specified criteria. Findings . It is shown that the safety criteria of derailment, representing either the ratio of the lateral force to vertical one or the directing force ratio to the vertical one, which operate in the contact point of the climbing wheel flange with the rail head, are equivalent. As for the stability coefficient of derailment, it is shown that near to the safety limit their use yields almost the same results. Originality . The concept of the safety criteria, using the lateral or directing forces is specified and their equivalence is shown. Practical value . Obtained results allow one to use one of these two safety criteria expressions instead of two expressions cited in the normative literature, which gives the number of advantages for the processing of testing results. And the recommendations on the use of criteria, in which the ratio of lateral or directing forces to the vertical force acting in the contact point of the climbing wheel flange with the rail head were given.

The novel supramolecular systems based on chlorine e6 (Ce6) are presented, and their optical absorption and fluorescence have been investigated. The influence of different excipients as poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), chitosan, Triton X-100 (TX-100) on spectral characteristics of these systems has been studied. The obtained spectral-fluorescence characteristics of Ce6-PVP, Ce6-PEG, Ce6-BSA, Ce6-TX-100 indicate disaggregation of chlorine e6 molecules and their consecutive interaction with excipients in solutions and formation of molecular associates and molecular complexes. The system Ce6-chitosan is characterized by aggregation of pigments in solution that reduces photochemical activity of a photosensitizer. The fluorescence quantum yield k of mentioned above supramolecular systems has been calculated. The results can be useful during the new method of controlled aggregation of photosensitizers as a part of supramolecular complexes development as well as for the purposes of new medicines of predictable photodynamic activity creation. © 2016 Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering.

Signals of system functioning of different nature are presented in the parameter space (state-velocity-acceleration) as a trajectory of dynamic events. Such signals geometrization allows to reveal the hidden spatio-temporal correlation in dynamics of systems functioning. It is shown that the nature of relationship between the dynamic parameters of signal determines the natural cycle of sensor functioning. Its restructuring displays the inherited features of systems functioning in signature package. The universal differential-geometry parameters and new integrative indexes of system functioning are used to analyze the signatures of biological and physical signals.

У дослідженні розглянуті різні точки зору відносно реформування фармацевтичної галузі в Україні, її модернізації і оновлення. Обґрунтовано, що основний принцип законопроектної діяльності в фармації повинен зосереджуватися на зміщенні акцентів на користь процесного управління об’єктами права, а не власне їх засобами, дозволами, заборонами, заходами адміністративного, карного, авторитарного характеру, що надає гарантії ефективної реалізації цього процесу., Current research considers various points of view concerning reformation, modernization, update of pharmaceutical branch of Ukraine. It is indicated that basic principle of lawmaking activity has to second – guess upheaval of emphases on behalf of processed management in handling of objects of law and not in an own way by means of their means, permissions, interdictions, measures of administrative, criminal, authoritative character, which makes available of guarantees of effective implementation of remarked process., Данное исследование рассматривает различные точки зрения относительно реформирования, модернизации, обновления фармацевтической отрасли Украины. Показано, что основной принцип законопроектной деятельности должен предусматривать смещение акцентов в пользу процессного менеджмента в управлении объектами права, а не собственно их средствами, разрешениями, запретами, мерами административного, уголовного, авторитарного характера, что предоставляет гарантии эффективной реализации указанного процесса.

An approach for preparing MoS2 films in mild conditions is described, which is based on producing the suspensions of nanocrystalline MoS2 particles in organic solvent via exfoliation of MoS2 crystals, followed by the deposition of these suspensions onto substrate. According to X-Ray diffraction data, acetonitrile suspensions yield highly oriented films with the basal planes of MoS2 crystallites being mainly oriented in the plane parallel to the substrate. Atomic force microscopy examination revealed changes in the film surface topography under variation of the film thickness, which varied in the range of 0.03–2.2 μm. The optical absorption spectra of the obtained MoS2 films were found to resemble those of thin natural MoS2 single crystals. Dark conductivity of the films with the thickness of d = 0.12–2.2 μm was determined to be ~ 10− 3 S∙cm− 1 at 300 K. Experimental data on the conductivity in the temperature range of 10–300 K were fitted to Mott function for 3D variable-range hopping. The synthesized MoS2 films were found to be photosensitive in the range of 300–800 nm. They provided the value of reduced photocurrent density of about 7∙10− 4 (A∙cm)/(WV) under photoexcitation at 575 nm.

In the framework of the system of computer-aided design of railway wagons the algorithms of building the subsystem of selection of autocoupling equipment are described.

Resume. 1) L'application de la radioscopie permet de constater avec facilite la presence du reflexe de fermeture, produit par I'introduction d'huile dans le duodenum et de mesurer sa duree. 2) En determinant la duree du reflexe de fermeture nous pouvons mesurer l'ktat fonctionel du pancreas et du foie. 3) La duree prolongee du reflexe de fermeture dans les cas d'achylie est particulieement significative, parcequ'elle indique l'abaissement considerable de la fonction du pancreas. 4) L'exploration radioscopique du reflexe de fermeture demontre la presence d'un sphincter duodeni, immediatement au dessous de l'ampoule de duodenum. 5) Apres l'introduction d'huile dans le duodenum, grâce; a la presence du sphincter au-dessous de l'ampoule, la masse opaque ne remplit que l'ampoule duodenale pour un temps prolonge et n'avance pas, malgre la palpation energique. Cela permet d'etudier le tableau morphologique de l'ampoule en details et pendant une periode de temps considerable.

The optical absorption spectra of molybdenum disulfide prepared by monolayer dispersion of a crys- talline precursor in a liquid medium were studied. On the whole, the three-dimensional structure of the crystalline analogue was reconstructed in disperse MoS 2 dried to a powder state. A substantial fraction of the material trans- formed into a nanosized state during dispersion and was stabilized in the form of nanoparticles in various sol- vents. The stabilizing action of the solvents studied decreased in the series acetonitrile, ethanol > chloroform > water. The data on the optical absorption of MoS 2 suspensions in various solvents were evidence of a broad par- ticle-size distribution. Along with nanoscale particles, the samples contained larger particles responsible for long-wave absorption (>600 nm). The size of nanoparticles was estimated using an empirical correlation between the position of maximum A (the long-wave maximum of the first allowed absorption band) in the absorption spectrum and the size of particles ( 2 R ). This correlation was obtained using the literature data on monodisperse particles and mixtures of particles. The number of particles showed a tendency to increase as the concentration of disperse MoS 2 in acetonitrile decreased.

The dependence of electrical conductivity on the concentration of CdS (c) and temperature (T) over the temperature range 10–300 K was studied for poly-p-xylylene-CdS (PPX + CdS) nanocomposites prepared by solid-state cryochemical synthesis. The results were discussed in terms of the heterogeneous conductivity model including various charge transfer mechanisms in various nanocomposite regions. Under the illumination of a film with c > 11 vol % by a daylight lamp, the conductivity increased, and the σ(T) dependence was metallic in character at low temperatures. The photoconductivity of films at larger concentrations c was caused by the appearance of photoexcited electrons in CdS nanoparticles, the separation of charges at the nanoparticle-matrix boundary, and percolation effects in films. The PPX matrix was shown to actively participate in electrical conductivity; electrons in this matrix jumped between phenyl rings. The experimental dependence of dark conductivity σ(T) at temperatures from 150 to 300 K was analyzed using the Mott hopping conductivity model with variable jump lengths. The main points of the Mott theory of hopping conductivity were discussed.