Search

The second decade of the XXI century in the Eurasian space was marked by new socio-economic and political developments. Significant changes have taken place in the political landscape of Eurasia. They were largely due to the fact that the political processes in which the Eurasian states that appeared on the map of Eurasia after the collapse of the USSR began to change their character. New political actors have entered the arena of political activity, gradually replacing people from the former party nomenclature. The political elite was now formed not from graduates of the Soviet higher school, but mainly from those who received education in higher educational institutions of Great Britain, Germany, China, the USA, Turkey, France, Japan, etc. The consequence was the reorientation of such politicians, political scientists, administrative workers from the traditional values of Euro-Asian peoples to liberal pseudo-traditions characteristic of for the realities of transatlantic states (“hedonism for the body and narcissism for the soul”).Researchers note the generational change of political figures taking place in Central Asia today, the change in the composition of political elites, their positions in relation to neighboring countries and states that they consider as investors and allies. In the conditions of the SVO in Ukraine and the ongoing sanctions pressure on Russia, Russophobic sentiments have significantly increased both among the ruling circles and among ordinary residents of the Eurasian states. The media are especially trying to emphasize and develop this. The article provides examples of recent events in a number of EAEU countries and neighboring Eurasian states. Attention is drawn to the need for a wider dissemination of historical information about political and other events of modern and modern times in the Great Steppe. The effectiveness of the application of the principles and methods of economic, political, and cultural interaction of various state entities accumulated over the centuries in the heart of Eurasia is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the effectiveness of using education as a means of soft power to ensure the sustainable development of the states of the region. The prospects for the change of political generations, the need for “rejuvenation” of political elites are briefly described.Aim. To highlight significant aspects and perspectives of the evolution of political elites in Central Asian countries.Tasks. To introduce into scientific circulation the results of a comparative analysis of the formation and activity of political elites of new state formations in Eurasia at the present stage.Methods. Comparative-analytical method, systematic approach, transdisciplinary approach.Results. The changes in the political landscape of Eurasia and their impact on the activities of the political elites of the Central Asian countries are characterized. New elements of the state of the regional integration process are highlighted. The results of the use of education as a means of soft power in the change of political generations in the states of the region are shown.Conclusions. In modern conditions, a significant factor in the formation of a new political landscape on the Eurasian continent is the emergence of new centers of power and the change of political generations of the ruling ones. It is necessary to expand the use of historical experience in the implementation of vocational education to include young people in the management system in the Eurasian states.

The paper attempts to analyze the problems of adjusting the educational process in the EurAsEC countries that have arisen in recent decades in case of unforeseen circumstances. At the end of the 20th century, the ideas of globalization of all areas of the world community's activity led in the field of higher education to a thirst for immediate changes. What prompted the concern of the leading universities in Europe, which train highly qualified for the real sectors of the economy? An analysis of the current situation showed that the realities existing at that time pushed people to action, since analysts of higher education have repeatedly noticed that in the field of many areas of fundamental research, Europe is significantly inferior to the United States. Also noteworthy is the identity of the Nobel laureates. Independent commentators, beyond any emotion, pointed out that the United States has always invested significant amounts of money in the development of science. These problems gave rise to the Bologna process of reforming higher education in Europe. In this regard, the problems are considered and the prospects for the creation and development of a single educational space on the territory of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, considered by the authors as an important component of economic integration in the post-Soviet space, are identified. From the standpoint of taking into account foreign experience, as well as existing elements of educational integration within the framework of such associations. as EurAsEC, SCO, CIS, the main directions of integration interaction in the field of education of the EAEU countries are highlighted. The authors made attempts to formulate ways out of the current situation in the Eurasian educational space, especially in cases of unforeseen environmental conditions, such as a pandemic. Although in the educational space under consideration, the state of affairs with the organization, and in particular with funding, research and science is worse, this should not lead to ignoring the interests of both the students themselves and educational organizations in general. Insufficient funding is aggravated by many other factors, which together lead to the conclusion that EurAsia needs innovations designed to “modernize” the structure of education.

Optimization of extracting food products from plant raw materials using a mathematical model is suggested. The model has been derived for the analysis of extracting pectin from Jerusalem artichoke. Multistage anti-cyclic extraction, non-stationary diffusion for the initial element of the processed raw material in the form of plates is considered. The calculations take into account the effect of reverse solvent change, the time of the solvent drain from the solid phase, among other process parameters. The derived equation makes it possible to analyze the effect of the impregnation of a part of the miscella at an intermediate stage of a countercurrent multistage extraction on the efficiency of the process. The correctness of the mass conductivity coefficient calculations was confirmed using the performance indicators of the extractor. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was created that describes the extraction process with a variable coefficient of mass conductivity. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the process including the rate of fluid flow through the material, the crushed material particle size, the thickness of the particles, and the processing time.

Endothelial keratoplasty has become the treatment of choice for corneal endothelial dysfunction. Advancements in the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial diseases depend on progress in graft conservation and its related advantages in assessing the suitability of grafts for transplantation. Transport of water and ions by cornea endothelium is important for the optic properties of cornea. In this work, we study the intracellular sodium concentration in cornea endothelial cells in samples of pig cornea that underwent hypothermic conservation for 1 and 10 days and endothelial cells of human cornea grafts after 10-day conservation. The concentration of intracellular sodium in preparations of endothelial cells was assayed using fluorescent dye SodiumGreen. The fluorescent images were analyzed with the custom-made computer program CytoDynamics. An increased level of intracellular sodium was shown in the endothelium after 10-day conservation in comparison with one-day conservation (pig samples). Sodium permeability of pig endothelial cell plasma membranes significantly decreased in these samples. Assessment of intracellular sodium in human cornea endothelium showed a higher level – as was in analogues pig samples of the corneal endothelium. The assay of the intracellular sodium balance concentration established in endothelial cells after hypothermic conservation in mediums L-15 and Optisol-GS showed a significant advantage of specialized me dium Optisol-GS. The balanced intracellular concentration after 10 days of hypothermic conservation was significantly lower in cells incubated at 4 °C in Optisol-GS (L-15, 128 ± 14, n = 15; Optisol-GS, 108 ± 14, n = 11; mM, p < 0.001). Intracellular sodium concentration could be a useful parameter for assessing cornea endothelium cell viability.

The article is devoted to the analysis of pectin diffusion extraction in the extraction process from plant raw materials in a solid-liquid system. The molecular diffusion process from the inside of the extractable substance particles to their outer surface is considered as the limiting stage. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of creating an efficient production of pectin from agricultural products by carrying out a more complete extraction using a period of mass isolation in the extraction process. As it is generally recognized all over the world, the rational use of natural resources is the dominant trend in the development of the economy, which assumes the fullest use of vegetable raw materials consumed by humans in the processing. To implement such approaches, a mathematical model of the discrete diffusion process in porous diffusionally isotropic particles has been developed. A conclusion is made about the effect of mass isolation on the extraction rate for a regular mode, while the regularities of the process remain unchanged.

Manufacturing methods and design features of modern diffractive-refractive intraocular lenses are discussed. The implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses is the most optimal method of restoring the accommodative ability of the eye after removal of the natural lens. Diffractive-refractive intraocular lenses are the most widely used implantable multifocal lenses worldwide. Existing methods for manufacturing such lenses implement various design solutions to provide the best vision function after surgery. The wide variety of available diffractive-refractive intraocular lens designs reflects the demand for this method of vision correction in clinical practice and the importance of further applied research and development of new technologies for designing improved lens models.

The article presents the results of a study of the processes of educational activity in the context of the digital revolution. The authors focus on the scale of the spread of digital technologies, the provision of users with electronic means of communication, and the availability of the Internet network for argumentation of the established global information society. It was noted that in the context of the digital revolution, the face of manufacturing industries is changing. Market engagement platforms facilitate the diffusion of innovation and transformation of business models. In the context of the analyzed processes, the requirements for personnel are changing. The demand for professionals trained to work in a digital environment is expected to grow. It is hypothesized that personnel capable of research work, management of the processing of large data arrays and relevant information on the controlled or investigated object will have a high value. It is suggested that within the framework of courses on in-depth study of the use of tools of modern information systems, students should acquire the practice of independent work in the functional areas of information systems of business organizations. These can be separate information subsystems serving individual functions, processes, departments, for example, information systems and technologies of procurement, production, sales, processes for developing and implementing business development goals and strategies. The development and implementation of online blended learning courses aimed at organizing the learning environment can speed up the processes of training personnel to work in a digital environment. The authors express the point of view-network blended learning will be relevant for the training of developers and users of information systems, the development of engineering and technical and humanitarian competencies.

Optical characteristics and properties of AcrySof ReSTOR® bifocal intraocular lenses (Alcon, USA) and elastic polymer MIOL-Akkord lenses (Russia) are compared. The lenses differ by the form of refractive component, the type of diffractive microstructure, and their fabrication technology. Investigations showed that the lenses have similar optical characteristics in resolution, but the bifocal properties of the MIOL-Akkord are much less dependent on the pupil diameter.

The paper provides an overview of the results of multiyear joint researches of team of collaborators of Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS together with NF IRTC "Eye Microsurgery" for the period from 1988 to the present, in which were first proposed and experimentally realized laser medical technologies for correction of refractive errors of known today as LASIK, the treatment of ophthalmic herpes and open-angle glaucoma. It is proposed to carry out operations for the correction of refractive errors the use of UV excimer KrCl laser with a wavelength of 222 nm. The same laser emission is the most suitable for the treatment of ophthalmic herpes, because it has a high clinical effect, combined with many years of absence of recrudescence. A minimally invasive technique of glaucoma operations using excimer XeCl laser (λ=308 nm) is developed. Its wavelength allows perform all stages of glaucoma operations, while the laser head itself has high stability and lifetime, will significantly reduce operating costs, compared with other types of lasers.

The MIOL-Akkord bifocal intraocular lens (an artificial crystalline lens of the eye), in which a diffraction zone plate is used to provide near vision, has been created in order to reduce the dependence on eyeglass correction and to increase the range of sharp vision. The optical characteristics are investigated, and the developed lens is compared with an apodized diffraction-refraction lens made by the Alcon Corp. (USA).